专题03 选择性必修第一册 Unit3 Conservation 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型【知识清单】-2024-2025期高二末考点大串讲（北师大版2019）

专题03 选择性必修第一册 Unit3 Conservation 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型 B1U3重点单词变形 1． n．保护，节约→conserve v．保护；保存→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的 2． vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的→(反义词)unrecyclable adj.不可回收的 3． adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的→inform v．通知；通告→information n．信息 4． n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能→threaten v．威胁；恐吓→threatening adj.威胁(性)的，恐吓(性)的 5． adv.非法地，违法地→illegal adj.非法的→(反义词)legal adj.合法的→legally adv.合法地 6． vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀→hunting n．打猎→hunter n．猎人 7． adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n．灭绝 8． adv.非常地，极端地→incredible adj.难以置信的 9． adj.紧急的，急迫的→urge v．催促；力劝 n.强烈的欲望，冲动→urgently adv.紧急地→urgency n．紧急情况 10． adj.异常的；不平常的→(反义词)usual adj.平常的 11． adj.大量的→massive adj.大量的，巨大的 12． adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→vary v．变化→various adj.各种各样的→variety n．种类 13． adj.濒危的→endanger v．使遭危害；危及；危害→danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的 14． vt.(使)恢复→restoration n．恢复；复原 15． n．消费者→consume v．消费；消耗；吃，喝→consumption n．消费；消耗 16． adj.浪费的；挥霍的→waste v．& n．浪费 17． n．交通运输系统，运输方式→transport v．运输 18． n．灰尘，尘土→dirty adj.脏的 19． adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的→innovation n．创新；革新 20． adj.可再填充的→refill v．再填充；再填满 21． adj.意识到的，明白的→awareness n．意识 22． n．收集；收藏品；专辑→collect v．收集；收藏 23． adj.焦虑的，不安的；急切的；渴望的→anxiety n．焦虑→anxiously adv.焦虑地　 24． adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的→reuse v．再使用，重复使用 25． adj.卡住的，无法移动的→stick v．插入；粘住 26． adj.烦恼的，生气的→annoy v．使人烦恼；使人恼怒→annoying adj.令人烦恼的，令人生气的→annoyance n．烦恼 27． n．愤怒；怒气→angry adj.生气的→angrily adv.生气地 28． vi.相联系，有关联→related adj.有关系的→relation n．联系 29． adj.定期的，有规律的→regularly adv.定期地，有规律地 30． vt.适合 n．套装→suitable adj.适合的 B1U3重点词组再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．We all (起某种作用)to play in protecting the environment. 2．If we all (尽我们的职责), we can live a healthier life on Earth. 3．How many times up to today has life on Earth almost (灭绝)? 4．Extinctions, where entire species are (彻底毁灭), are not unusual in our Earth's history. 5．This time, human activity will __ (该受责备). 6．A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at how quickly species die out (由于) natural causes, that is, the “background extinction rate”． 7．Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also (受到威胁) of dying out. 8．For example，we need to (采取措施) to save endangered species, including (建立) special areas where plants and animals can be protected. 9． (总之), if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it. 10．In the week when the government (开始) its new environmental programme, Kevin McCabe and Alicia Stewart consider the problem of food packaging waste. 11．How often do we arrive at work or school, (焦虑的), tired and angry? 12．In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads has (增加) by 25%. 13．Some types of cancer (与……有关联) traffic pollution. 14． (坦率地说), I (对……上瘾) my car. 15． (代替) taking short car journeys, we could easily walk or cycle. 16．Don't just (闲坐) and complain! 17．Well, I'm sorry I have to finish this article, but I've got to (开车去接) my daughter from school at 4 pm. B1U3重点句型 1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 ①(教材P52)Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.　虽然物种的自然消亡并不罕见，但现在的灭绝速度令人担忧。 ②(人教选必一U5)Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 在教材原句的主句中，“at which...happening”是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，which指代前面的名词the rate。 (1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)； (2)在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)、that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语，且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中； (3)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。 [应用内化] 完成句子 (1)他在当地的一个文法学校接受教育，之后他继续就读于剑桥大学。 He was educated at a local grammar school, to Cambridge. (2)离开它我们就不能活的这种无色气体称为氧气。 The colourless gas is called oxygen. (3)你喜欢她从中学到很多东西的那本书吗？ Do you like the book a lot? (4)他们来到一处农舍，农舍前面坐着一个小男孩。 They arrived at a farm house, ． 2. 倍数表达法 ①(教材P53)They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal. 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭绝的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。 ②(外研必修二U6)However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，水的消耗量高达三倍。 几种表达“倍数”的句型： (1)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.的原级＋as＋B； (2)A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than＋B； (3)A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/length/width/height/depth/...)＋of＋B； (4)A＋谓语＋倍数＋what从句，意为“A是……的多少倍”； (5)名词(size/length/width/height/depth/...)＋of＋A＋谓语＋倍数＋that＋of＋B； (6)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋＋as＋B [应用内化] 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 (1)My school has expanded into a big one, which is three times (large) than the previous one. (2)(译林必修三U1)With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half size of China. (3)现在的产量是五年前的三倍。 The production now is five years ago. (4)正在建的体育馆将是操场的三倍大。 →The new stadium being built will be the playground.(than) →The new stadium being built will be the playground.(as) →The new stadium being built will be the playground.(size) 3. 形容词(短语)作状语 ①(教材P58)How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry? 又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢？ ②(译林选必一U2)Angry and sad，Liang falls sick and dies. 由于愤怒和悲伤，梁山伯忧郁而死。 用法归纳 形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开 注意事项 形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语 [应用内化] 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)After a long day of work, he went home, (exhaust). (2)(外研必修三U1) (disappoint) by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend. (3)(2023·全国甲卷) (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. (4)他的双腿一软，大脑一片空白，然后倒在了地上，失去了知觉。 His legs collapsed, his mind went blank, and ． (读后续写之动作描写) 4. while表示对比，意为“然而、却” ①(教材P59)Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. 一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90个人，而同样数量的人则至少需要18辆小汽车。 ②(人教必修二U4)On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.　安静的早晨，在山间感受阳光照耀在肌肤上，呼吸着带有清新花香的空气，而鸟儿们则用它们的晨歌迎接新的一天。 (1)while作并列连词时，意为“然而、却”，表示前后分句的对比； (2)while引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……的时候、在……时”，状语从句的省略形式为while doing/done，意为“当做/被……时”； (3)while引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)时，表示转折，意为“虽然、尽管”，不能与but连用，但可与yet/still连用。 [应用内化] 写出下列句中while的含义/完成句子 (1)(外研必修三U3)In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. (2)(外研选必二U2)While the Spending jar is about the here and now, the Saving jar gives you a vision for the future. (3)(译林必修一U1)Over the next three years, you will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person. (4)尽管学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。(倡导和谐人际关系) they got on quite well in the summer camp. B1U3核心词汇全面攻破 1． annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的　 (1)annoy vt.　　使恼怒；打扰 What annoys sb. most is that ... 最让某人生气的是…… It annoys sb. to do sth./that ... 做某事让某人生气 (2)be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气 be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气 be annoyed to do/that ... ……使人恼火 (3)annoying adj. 使人不高兴的；恼人的 (4)annoyance n. [U]恼怒；烦恼；[C]使人烦恼的事 to one's annoyance 使某人生气的是 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①To be honest, voters sometimes feel (annoy), not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. ②Failure is (annoy), but what failure can teach us may never be taught in other ways. ③I was annoyed him his annoying rude table manners. 完成句子 ④(2021·全国乙卷，满分作文)最让许多家长烦恼的是长时间盯着屏幕对孩子的眼睛有害。 staring at the screen for a long time is harmful to their children's eyes. ⑤(2022·浙江卷1月，读后续写)最使我生气的是我被分配和一位非常严肃的家伙一起工作，他总是穿着黑色衣服，还总是对其他人的工作不满意。 I was assigned to work with an extremely serious guy who always wore dark clothes and was always not satisfied with others' work. 2． aware adj.意识到的，明白的　 (1)be/become aware of　对……知道/明白；意识到…… be aware that ... 意识到/体会到…… as far as I'm aware 据我所知 (2)awareness n. 意识；认识 arouse one's awareness of ... 唤起某人……的意识 environmental/political/social awareness 环保/政治/社会意识 (3)self-awareness n. 自我意识 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2023·北京卷)People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware them or not. ②(2022·全国甲卷)It aims to raise people's (aware) of protecting oceans. ③(2022·浙江卷1月)I was aware my teammate was much more advanced than I. 完成句子 ④通过这次活动，我们将会意识到保护传统中国文化的重要性。 Through the activity， of preserving traditional Chinese culture.　 ⑤为了提高学生的消防安全意识，我们学校上周五邀请了一位消防队员来给我们做讲座。 our school invited a firefighter to give us a lecture last Friday. 3． be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁　 (1)at risk　遭受危险；处境危险 put...at risk 使……处于危险之中；使……遭受威胁 take risks/a risk 冒险 at the risk of doing... 冒着做……的风险 run the risk of... 冒……的风险 (2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 risk one's life to do sth. 冒着生命危险做某事 (3)risky adj. 有危险的，有风险的 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk (lose) the good opportunity. ②Cloning may greatly contribute to human medicine, but we must use it cautiously, because it may put people risk. ③Though it is fun to play on the frozen river, it is (risk), so we mustn't do it. 完成句子 ④有证据证明，经常锻炼的人往往有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险更低。 It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and 4． blame vt.责怪，指责 n．(坏事或错事的)责任；指责；过失　 (1)blame sb. for... 因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人 blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth.) (为某事)承担责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) (2)take/deserve the blame for... 对……负责；为……承担责任 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事推到某人身上/归咎于某人 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①In my view，Li Hua，who broke the school rules, was (blame)． ②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame the alarm clock. ③The couple blamed each other the failure of their marriage. ④We human beings are supposed to take the blame extinct or endangered species，so we must do our part in wildlife conservation. 完成句子 ⑤当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是因错误而指责其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也应该受到责备。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不仅仅是把错误归咎于其他人。(话题写作之人际交往) When getting along with others，we shouldn't always . After all，many times . So instead of ，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place. [名师点津]　短语be to blame中的blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。 5． claim vt.声称；断言；主张 n．声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求　 (1)claim to do sth. /that ...　声称/主张做某事 claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事 (2)It is claimed that... 据称……；据说…… (3)claim sth. from sb. 向某人索要某物 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①Don't be taken in by advertisements claiming (help) you lose weight in a week. ②Doctors claimed (discover) a cure for the rare disease. 完成句子 ③据说幽默不仅影响病人的情绪，而且还有助于病人更快康复。(倡导健康生活) humor not only affects patients' moods, but also helps them recover faster. ④只有当病毒在所有国家都被消灭时，我们才能宣称真正的胜利。 It is only when the virus is wiped out in all countries that . ⑤录音笔似乎出了点问题。首先，声音并不像你所说的那么清晰。(应用文写作之投诉信) There seems to be something wrong with the recording pen. Firstly， ． 6． decrease vi.& vt.减少 n．减少；减少的量　 (1)decrease in...　　在……方面下降 decrease from...to... 从……减少到…… decrease to ... 减少到…… decrease by... 减少了…… increase by... 增加了…… (2)a decrease in sth. 某方面的减少/下降 on the decrease 正在下降；正在减少 on the increase 正在增加 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①The number of new students (decrease)from 2，000 to 1，600 in recent two years. ②To sum up，the number of new students decreased 210 160.That is to say, the number decreased 24%. ③(2021·北京卷)Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or decrease in positive emotions. ④We have no idea when the housing prices will decrease the level we can afford. 完成句子 ⑤由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目正在减少。(聚焦社会热点) Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals ． ⑥参观博物馆的人数下降了将近6%。 of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum. ⑦随着动物栖息地的减少，我们必须加强对土地和森林等的保护。(应用文写作之建议信) we must strengthen the conservation of land, forests and so on. ⑧(2022·全国甲卷，书面表达)我们已经意识到正是因为各种各样的人类活动才使得海洋动物的数量在下降，因此急需改变我们的错误行为，以便使它们的数量逐渐增加。 We have been aware that it is because of varied human activities that the number of ocean animals ．So there is an urgent need to switch our wrong doing so that their number ． [名师点津]　decrease的近义词为lessen，decline；反义词为increase，rise。 7． die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝　 (1)die away　　(声音、光线等)逐渐消失 die of/from... 因……而死 die down 减弱；平息 (2)be dying for 很想要；渴望 be dying to do sth. 极想干某事 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying because of human activities. ②The concert in the open air came to an end at midnight and the fire down. 完成句子 ③随着生活环境越来越恶化，很多物种正在逐渐灭绝。 ，many species are gradually ． ④已采取许多有效的措施来保护这些动物免于灭绝。 Many effective measures have been taken ． [名师点津]　表示“消失”或“出现”的还有：(1)消失、失踪：disappear；(2)出现：turn up，appear，show up。 8． relate v．有关；涉及；相联系，有关联；讲述，叙述　 (1)relate ...to/with ...　把……与……联系起来 relate to 涉及；与……相关；能够理解并同情 (2)related adj. 相关的；有(亲属)关系的 be related to＝be linked to＝be associated with 与……有关系 (3)relation n. 联系，关系 in/with relation to 与……有关；涉及；与……相比 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. ②“You are what you eat.” Most people today relate this saying healthy eating. ③Latest development in (relate) to the disease will be discussed in detail in next meeting. ④This is quite important，because it is directly related your commitment. ⑤Putting up signs (relate)to banning smoking was advised by the government. 完成句子 ⑥(2021·全国甲卷，满分作文)我们学校将要举行一次与中国传统文化有关的主题班会。我写信来寻求你宝贵的建议。 Our school is going to hold a theme class meeting . I'm writing to ask for your valuable advice. ⑦剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，与中国的传统文化紧密联系在一起。 Paper-cutting has a history of more than 1，500 years, and the traditional culture of China. ⑧由于有丰富的相关经验，我深信我会非常胜任这个职位。(应用文写作之申请信) ，I am greatly convinced that I will be incredibly qualified for the position. 9． set out开始做某事，着手进行　 set about doing sth.　 开始做某事 set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑 set off 动身；出发；引爆；引发 set up 建立；引起 set down 写下；放下 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP)． ②We set out (paint) the whole house but finished only the front part that day. 完成句子 ③考虑到他的健康，我建议他每天留出一到两个小时锻炼。 Considering his health, I advise him to work out. ④新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。 The new government to the country's economic problems. [名师点津]　set out和set about都可表示“开始(做)……”，但set out后跟动词不定式，set about后跟动词-ing形式。 10． suit vt.适合；使适宜 n．一套外衣；套装　 (1)suit ...to ...　　使……适合…… suit one's needs 适合某人的需要 (2)suitable adj. 适合的；适当的 be suitable for... 适合于…… be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ②I think working in a team is (suit) for me, because I believe “two heads are better than one”． ③I am wondering whether the students are suitable (do)part-time or summer jobs. 完成句子 ④因为我精通英语，我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。(个人发展与提升) I do believe because I have a good knowledge of English. ⑤(2020·江苏卷)如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。 If you look at all sides of the situation， ． ⑥考虑到我不是一个高级英语学习者，这本书需要适合我的水平。 Considering I'm not an advanced English learner， ． ⑦如果以上安排不符合您的需求，请毫不犹豫地告知我，以便我为您量身定制相关项目。 If the above arrangements don't ，please inform me without hesitation so that I can ． [名师点津]　(1)suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等；　(2)fit多指大小、形状的合适；　(3)match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。 11． switch vi.& vt.转换，改变n.开关；转换器；改变；(铁路的)转辙器　 switch on＝turn on 打开(电灯、无线电等)，接通(电流等) switch off＝turn off 关上，断掉(电源等) switch ...with ... 用……和……调换 switch(...)from...to... 把(……)由……转变为…… [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2022·全国乙卷)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or (switch), before they can cause any safety problems. ②Don't forget to switch all the lights before you leave the classroom. ③Every time we switch the TV, there are numerous advertisements on it. 补全句子/完成句子 ④According to the airline rules, you should (关闭手机) before boarding. ⑤请注意！ 我们将从火车转乘有轨电车到省博物馆。到达目的地后，请确保所有手机处于关机状态。打开手机会影响我们访问。(应用文写作之口头通知) Attention, please! We will to reach the provincial museum. Upon reaching the destination, please make sure all mobile phones . will influence our visit. [名师点津]　“开/关”电器用turn/switch on/off 都可以；“开/关”水或煤气只能用turn on/off。 B1U3 本单元核心素养自查 Ⅰ.单元词汇串记 请用本单元所学词汇的适当形式完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 switch，extinction，aware，anxious，endanger，destroy，chemical It's said that dinosaurs died out because of a natural disaster. But now，many species are 1. or even extinct just because humans do varied harm to them. For instance，tigers are being illegally hunted in an incredibly cruel way for their fur while rhinos，for their horns. Besides，we 2. their habitats by cutting down trees，throwing away unrecyclable plastic rubbish everywhere and discharging polluted water that contains poisonous 3. into rivers. It is human activities that are to blame for the mass 4. ．However，we should be 5. of the fact that without the species on which we depend for our survival，we would be also at risk. Many 6. environmentalists write informative and innovative essays to educate people to go green. Conservation measures involve 7. to solar energy，stopping using throwaway cartons or chopsticks that can not be recycled，and taking public transportation on a regular basis to and from work. To sum up，everybody has a role to play in protecting our planet and if we all set out to do our part，the harmonious world will be restored. Ⅱ.一词多义无障碍 1．swallow A．vt.掩饰；抑制 B．vi.&vt.吞下，咽下　C．vt.吞没；淹没；侵吞　D．vt.相信；信以为真 (1)After the operation you may find it difficult to chew and swallow. (2)I watched her walk down the road until she was swallowed by the darkness. (3)I found her excuse very hard to swallow. (4)You're going to have to swallow your pride and ask for your job back. 2．claim A．n.索赔 B．vt.声称　C．vt.夺去(生命) D．vt.认领 (1)It is claimed that the red dragon is a positive symbol，indicating strength and a sense of national identity. (2)The police say that if no one claims the watch，you can keep it. (3)The company has made a claim for damages caused by the delay of delivery. (4)It is reported that the hurricane Sandy has claimed thousands of lives. 3．mass A．n.一团；大堆 B．n.民众　C．n.质量　D．adj.大量的 (1)When a block of ice becomes water，the mass will stay the same but the volume will change. (2)The UK，uniquely，has not had to face the problem of mass unemployment. (3)Masses of snow and rocks fell down the mountain. (4)We should often seek opinions from the masses. Ⅲ.熟词生义猜的快 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I stuck the chicken in the freezer. A．卡住的　　　　 B．卡住；阻塞 C．(尤指迅速或随手)放置 2．(2022·浙江卷1月)Most importantly，Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. A．群众 B．大规模的，大量的 C．大多数 3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. A．项目 B．一条(新闻) C．一件物品 4．(2020·浙江卷7月)Then we realized that the spray had only angered him even more. A．生气 B．使发怒，激怒；恼火 C．愤怒情绪 5．It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim. A．声称 B．索赔 C．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命) Ⅳ.核心词汇强化练 1．The tiger the safety of the deer, but the deer dealt with the situation smartly. Now it is out of ．(danger) 2．There's no snake known that will habitually attack human beings unless (threat) with its life. 3．When I am faced with any (legal) behaviour, my conscience will not allow me to sit there in silence. 4．Human beings have been taking too much from nature, resulting in the (extinct) of many wild animals. 5．Experts advise not to buy more groceries until they've already been . This is called rational ．(consume) 6．The church, which dates back to the 17th century, is undergoing a complete (restore)． 7．There are goods in the supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars. The attracts many customers.(vary) 8．People forests and rivers for their own benefit. Their activities are likely to cause the of the earth.(destroy) 9．The teacher that the students should be taught how to take action in ．(urgent) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 选择性必修第一册 Unit3 Conservation 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型 B1U3重点单词变形 1．conservation n．保护，节约→conserve v．保护；保存→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的 2．recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的→(反义词)unrecyclable adj.不可回收的 3．informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的→inform v．通知；通告→information n．信息 4．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能→threaten v．威胁；恐吓→threatening adj.威胁(性)的，恐吓(性)的 5．illegally adv.非法地，违法地→illegal adj.非法的→(反义词)legal adj.合法的→legally adv.合法地 6．hunt vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀→hunting n．打猎→hunter n．猎人 7．extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n．灭绝 8．incredibly adv.非常地，极端地→incredible adj.难以置信的 9．urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的→urge v．催促；力劝 n.强烈的欲望，冲动→urgently adv.紧急地→urgency n．紧急情况 10．unusual adj.异常的；不平常的→(反义词)usual adj.平常的 11．mass adj.大量的→massive adj.大量的，巨大的 12．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→vary v．变化→various adj.各种各样的→variety n．种类 13．endangered adj.濒危的→endanger v．使遭危害；危及；危害→danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的 14．restore vt.(使)恢复→restoration n．恢复；复原 15．consumer n．消费者→consume v．消费；消耗；吃，喝→consumption n．消费；消耗 16．wasteful adj.浪费的；挥霍的→waste v．& n．浪费 17．transportation n．交通运输系统，运输方式→transport v．运输 18．dirt n．灰尘，尘土→dirty adj.脏的 19．innovative adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的→innovation n．创新；革新 20．refillable adj.可再填充的→refill v．再填充；再填满 21．aware adj.意识到的，明白的→awareness n．意识 22．collection n．收集；收藏品；专辑→collect v．收集；收藏 23．anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的；急切的；渴望的→anxiety n．焦虑→anxiously adv.焦虑地　 24．reusable adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的→reuse v．再使用，重复使用 25．stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的→stick v．插入；粘住 26．annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的→annoy v．使人烦恼；使人恼怒→annoying adj.令人烦恼的，令人生气的→annoyance n．烦恼 27．anger n．愤怒；怒气→angry adj.生气的→angrily adv.生气地 28．relate vi.相联系，有关联→related adj.有关系的→relation n．联系 29．regular adj.定期的，有规律的→regularly adv.定期地，有规律地 30．suit vt.适合 n．套装→suitable adj.适合的 B1U3重点词组再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．We all have a role(起某种作用)to play in protecting the environment. 2．If we all do our part(尽我们的职责), we can live a healthier life on Earth. 3．How many times up to today has life on Earth almost died out(灭绝)? 4．Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out(彻底毁灭), are not unusual in our Earth's history. 5．This time, human activity will be to__blame(该受责备). 6．A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at how quickly species die out due to(由于) natural causes, that is, the “background extinction rate”． 7．Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk(受到威胁) of dying out. 8．For example，we need to take steps(采取措施) to save endangered species, including setting up(建立) special areas where plants and animals can be protected. 9．In short(总之), if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it. 10．In the week when the government sets out(开始) its new environmental programme, Kevin McCabe and Alicia Stewart consider the problem of food packaging waste. 11．How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out(焦虑的), tired and angry? 12．In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads has gone up(增加) by 25%. 13．Some types of cancer are related to(与……有关联) traffic pollution. 14．To be frank(坦率地说), I am addicted to(对……上瘾) my car. 15．Instead of(代替) taking short car journeys, we could easily walk or cycle. 16．Don't just sit around(闲坐) and complain! 17．Well, I'm sorry I have to finish this article, but I've got to pick up(开车去接) my daughter from school at 4 pm. B1U3重点句型 1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 ①(教材P52)Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.　虽然物种的自然消亡并不罕见，但现在的灭绝速度令人担忧。 ②(人教选必一U5)Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 在教材原句的主句中，“at which...happening”是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，which指代前面的名词the rate。 (1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)； (2)在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)、that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语，且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中； (3)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。 [应用内化] 完成句子 (1)他在当地的一个文法学校接受教育，之后他继续就读于剑桥大学。 He was educated at a local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge. (2)离开它我们就不能活的这种无色气体称为氧气。 The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. (3)你喜欢她从中学到很多东西的那本书吗？ Do you like the book where/from which she learned a lot? (4)他们来到一处农舍，农舍前面坐着一个小男孩。 They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a little boy． 2. 倍数表达法 ①(教材P53)They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal. 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭绝的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。 ②(外研必修二U6)However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，水的消耗量高达三倍。 几种表达“倍数”的句型： (1)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.的原级＋as＋B； (2)A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than＋B； (3)A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/length/width/height/depth/...)＋of＋B； (4)A＋谓语＋倍数＋what从句，意为“A是……的多少倍”； (5)名词(size/length/width/height/depth/...)＋of＋A＋谓语＋倍数＋that＋of＋B； (6)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋＋as＋B [应用内化] 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 (1)My school has expanded into a big one, which is three times larger(large) than the previous one. (2)(译林必修三U1)With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. (3)现在的产量是五年前的三倍。 The production now is three times what it was five years ago. (4)正在建的体育馆将是操场的三倍大。 →The new stadium being built will be twice bigger than the playground.(than) →The new stadium being built will be three times as big as the playground.(as) →The new stadium being built will be three times the size of the playground.(size) 3. 形容词(短语)作状语 ①(教材P58)How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry? 又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢？ ②(译林选必一U2)Angry and sad，Liang falls sick and dies. 由于愤怒和悲伤，梁山伯忧郁而死。 用法归纳 形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开 注意事项 形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语 [应用内化] 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)After a long day of work, he went home, exhausted(exhaust). (2)(外研必修三U1)Disappointed(disappoint) by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend. (3)(2023·全国甲卷)Different(difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. (4)他的双腿一软，大脑一片空白，然后倒在了地上，失去了知觉。 His legs collapsed, his mind went blank, and he fell to the ground, unconscious． (读后续写之动作描写) 4. while表示对比，意为“然而、却” ①(教材P59)Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. 一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90个人，而同样数量的人则至少需要18辆小汽车。 ②(人教必修二U4)On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.　安静的早晨，在山间感受阳光照耀在肌肤上，呼吸着带有清新花香的空气，而鸟儿们则用它们的晨歌迎接新的一天。 (1)while作并列连词时，意为“然而、却”，表示前后分句的对比； (2)while引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……的时候、在……时”，状语从句的省略形式为while doing/done，意为“当做/被……时”； (3)while引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)时，表示转折，意为“虽然、尽管”，不能与but连用，但可与yet/still连用。 [应用内化] 写出下列句中while的含义/完成句子 (1)(外研必修三U3)In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.虽然、尽管 (2)(外研选必二U2)While the Spending jar is about the here and now, the Saving jar gives you a vision for the future.然而、却 (3)(译林必修一U1)Over the next three years, you will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person.当……的时候、在……时 (4)尽管学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。(倡导和谐人际关系) While the students came from different countries, they got on quite well in the summer camp. B1U3核心词汇全面攻破 1． annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的　 (1)annoy vt.　　使恼怒；打扰 What annoys sb. most is that ... 最让某人生气的是…… It annoys sb. to do sth./that ... 做某事让某人生气 (2)be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气 be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气 be annoyed to do/that ... ……使人恼火 (3)annoying adj. 使人不高兴的；恼人的 (4)annoyance n. [U]恼怒；烦恼；[C]使人烦恼的事 to one's annoyance 使某人生气的是 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed(annoy), not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. ②Failure is annoying(annoy), but what failure can teach us may never be taught in other ways. ③I was annoyed with him about/at his annoying rude table manners. 完成句子 ④(2021·全国乙卷，满分作文)最让许多家长烦恼的是长时间盯着屏幕对孩子的眼睛有害。 What annoys many parents most is that staring at the screen for a long time is harmful to their children's eyes. ⑤(2022·浙江卷1月，读后续写)最使我生气的是我被分配和一位非常严肃的家伙一起工作，他总是穿着黑色衣服，还总是对其他人的工作不满意。 Much to my annoyance/What annoyed me most was that I was assigned to work with an extremely serious guy who always wore dark clothes and was always not satisfied with others' work. 2． aware adj.意识到的，明白的　 (1)be/become aware of　对……知道/明白；意识到…… be aware that ... 意识到/体会到…… as far as I'm aware 据我所知 (2)awareness n. 意识；认识 arouse one's awareness of ... 唤起某人……的意识 environmental/political/social awareness 环保/政治/社会意识 (3)self-awareness n. 自我意识 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2023·北京卷)People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. ②(2022·全国甲卷)It aims to raise people's awareness (aware) of protecting oceans. ③(2022·浙江卷1月)I was aware that my teammate was much more advanced than I. 完成句子 ④通过这次活动，我们将会意识到保护传统中国文化的重要性。 Through the activity，we will be/become aware of the importance of preserving traditional Chinese culture.　 ⑤为了提高学生的消防安全意识，我们学校上周五邀请了一位消防队员来给我们做讲座。 To raise students' awareness of fire safety, our school invited a firefighter to give us a lecture last Friday. 3． be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁　 (1)at risk　遭受危险；处境危险 put...at risk 使……处于危险之中；使……遭受威胁 take risks/a risk 冒险 at the risk of doing... 冒着做……的风险 run the risk of... 冒……的风险 (2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 risk one's life to do sth. 冒着生命危险做某事 (3)risky adj. 有危险的，有风险的 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing(lose) the good opportunity. ②Cloning may greatly contribute to human medicine, but we must use it cautiously, because it may put people at risk. ③Though it is fun to play on the frozen river, it is risky(risk), so we mustn't do it. 完成句子 ④有证据证明，经常锻炼的人往往有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险更低。 It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 4． blame vt.责怪，指责 n．(坏事或错事的)责任；指责；过失　 (1)blame sb. for... 因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人 blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth.) (为某事)承担责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) (2)take/deserve the blame for... 对……负责；为……承担责任 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事推到某人身上/归咎于某人 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①In my view，Li Hua，who broke the school rules, was to blame(blame)． ②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. ③The couple blamed each other for the failure of their marriage. ④We human beings are supposed to take the blame for extinct or endangered species，so we must do our part in wildlife conservation. 完成句子 ⑤当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是因错误而指责其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也应该受到责备。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不仅仅是把错误归咎于其他人。(话题写作之人际交往) When getting along with others，we shouldn't always blame others for mistakes. After all，many times we are also to blame. So instead of blaming mistakes on others/putting the blame for mistakes on others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place. [名师点津]　短语be to blame中的blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。 5． claim vt.声称；断言；主张 n．声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求　 (1)claim to do sth. /that ...　声称/主张做某事 claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事 (2)It is claimed that... 据称……；据说…… (3)claim sth. from sb. 向某人索要某物 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①Don't be taken in by advertisements claiming to help(help) you lose weight in a week. ②Doctors claimed to have discovered(discover) a cure for the rare disease. 完成句子 ③据说幽默不仅影响病人的情绪，而且还有助于病人更快康复。(倡导健康生活) It is claimed that humor not only affects patients' moods, but also helps them recover faster. ④只有当病毒在所有国家都被消灭时，我们才能宣称真正的胜利。 It is only when the virus is wiped out in all countries that we can claim a true victory. ⑤录音笔似乎出了点问题。首先，声音并不像你所说的那么清晰。(应用文写作之投诉信) There seems to be something wrong with the recording pen. Firstly， the voice isn't so clear as you claimed． 6． decrease vi.& vt.减少 n．减少；减少的量　 (1)decrease in...　　在……方面下降 decrease from...to... 从……减少到…… decrease to ... 减少到…… decrease by... 减少了…… increase by... 增加了…… (2)a decrease in sth. 某方面的减少/下降 on the decrease 正在下降；正在减少 on the increase 正在增加 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①The number of new students has decreased(decrease)from 2，000 to 1，600 in recent two years. ②To sum up，the number of new students decreased from 210 to 160.That is to say, the number decreased by 24%. ③(2021·北京卷)Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. ④We have no idea when the housing prices will decrease to the level we can afford. 完成句子 ⑤由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目正在减少。(聚焦社会热点) Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals is on the decrease/is decreasing． ⑥参观博物馆的人数下降了将近6%。 There has been a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum. ⑦随着动物栖息地的减少，我们必须加强对土地和森林等的保护。(应用文写作之建议信) With the decrease of habitats for animals, we must strengthen the conservation of land, forests and so on. ⑧(2022·全国甲卷，书面表达)我们已经意识到正是因为各种各样的人类活动才使得海洋动物的数量在下降，因此急需改变我们的错误行为，以便使它们的数量逐渐增加。 We have been aware that it is because of varied human activities that the number of ocean animals is decreasing/on the decrease．So there is an urgent need to switch our wrong doing so that their number will be gradually on the increase． [名师点津]　decrease的近义词为lessen，decline；反义词为increase，rise。 7． die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝　 (1)die away　　(声音、光线等)逐渐消失 die of/from... 因……而死 die down 减弱；平息 (2)be dying for 很想要；渴望 be dying to do sth. 极想干某事 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying out because of human activities. ②The concert in the open air came to an end at midnight and the fire died down. 完成句子 ③随着生活环境越来越恶化，很多物种正在逐渐灭绝。 With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many species are gradually dying out． ④已采取许多有效的措施来保护这些动物免于灭绝。 Many effective measures have been taken to protect those animals from dying out． [名师点津]　表示“消失”或“出现”的还有：(1)消失、失踪：disappear；(2)出现：turn up，appear，show up。 8． relate v．有关；涉及；相联系，有关联；讲述，叙述　 (1)relate ...to/with ...　把……与……联系起来 relate to 涉及；与……相关；能够理解并同情 (2)related adj. 相关的；有(亲属)关系的 be related to＝be linked to＝be associated with 与……有关系 (3)relation n. 联系，关系 in/with relation to 与……有关；涉及；与……相比 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. ②“You are what you eat.” Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating. ③Latest development in relation(relate) to the disease will be discussed in detail in next meeting. ④This is quite important，because it is directly related to your commitment. ⑤Putting up signs related(relate)to banning smoking was advised by the government. 完成句子 ⑥(2021·全国甲卷，满分作文)我们学校将要举行一次与中国传统文化有关的主题班会。我写信来寻求你宝贵的建议。 Our school is going to hold a theme class meeting that is related to traditional Chinese culture. I'm writing to ask for your valuable advice. ⑦剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，与中国的传统文化紧密联系在一起。 Paper-cutting has a history of more than 1，500 years, and is closely related to the traditional culture of China. ⑧由于有丰富的相关经验，我深信我会非常胜任这个职位。(应用文写作之申请信) With so much related experience，I am greatly convinced that I will be incredibly qualified for the position. 9． set out开始做某事，着手进行　 set about doing sth.　 开始做某事 set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑 set off 动身；出发；引爆；引发 set up 建立；引起 set down 写下；放下 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP)． ②We set out to paint (paint) the whole house but finished only the front part that day. 完成句子 ③考虑到他的健康，我建议他每天留出一到两个小时锻炼。 Considering his health, I advise him to set aside an hour or two each day to work out. ④新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。 The new government must set about finding solutions to the country's economic problems. [名师点津]　set out和set about都可表示“开始(做)……”，但set out后跟动词不定式，set about后跟动词-ing形式。 10． suit vt.适合；使适宜 n．一套外衣；套装　 (1)suit ...to ...　　使……适合…… suit one's needs 适合某人的需要 (2)suitable adj. 适合的；适当的 be suitable for... 适合于…… be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ②I think working in a team is suitable(suit) for me, because I believe “two heads are better than one”． ③I am wondering whether the students are suitable to do(do)part-time or summer jobs. 完成句子 ④因为我精通英语，我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。(个人发展与提升) I do believe I am suitable for this voluntary work/this voluntary work suits me, because I have a good knowledge of English. ⑤(2020·江苏卷)如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。 If you look at all sides of the situation，you'll find probably a solution that suits everyone． ⑥考虑到我不是一个高级英语学习者，这本书需要适合我的水平。 Considering I'm not an advanced English learner， the book needs to be suitable for my level． ⑦如果以上安排不符合您的需求，请毫不犹豫地告知我，以便我为您量身定制相关项目。 If the above arrangements don't suit your needs，please inform me without hesitation so that I can suit relevant items to you． [名师点津]　(1)suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等；　(2)fit多指大小、形状的合适；　(3)match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。 11． switch vi.& vt.转换，改变n.开关；转换器；改变；(铁路的)转辙器　 switch on＝turn on 打开(电灯、无线电等)，接通(电流等) switch off＝turn off 关上，断掉(电源等) switch ...with ... 用……和……调换 switch(...)from...to... 把(……)由……转变为…… [应用内化] 单句语法填空 ①(2022·全国乙卷)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches(switch), before they can cause any safety problems. ②Don't forget to switch off all the lights before you leave the classroom. ③Every time we switch on the TV, there are numerous advertisements on it. 补全句子/完成句子 ④According to the airline rules, you should switch/turn off your mobile phone (关闭手机) before boarding. ⑤请注意！ 我们将从火车转乘有轨电车到省博物馆。到达目的地后，请确保所有手机处于关机状态。打开手机会影响我们访问。(应用文写作之口头通知) Attention, please! We will switch from the train to the tram to reach the provincial museum. Upon reaching the destination, please make sure all mobile phones are switched off. Switching them on will influence our visit. [名师点津]　“开/关”电器用turn/switch on/off 都可以；“开/关”水或煤气只能用turn on/off。 B1U3 本单元核心素养自查 Ⅰ.单元词汇串记 请用本单元所学词汇的适当形式完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 switch，extinction，aware，anxious，endanger，destroy，chemical It's said that dinosaurs died out because of a natural disaster. But now，many species are 1.endangered or even extinct just because humans do varied harm to them. For instance，tigers are being illegally hunted in an incredibly cruel way for their fur while rhinos，for their horns. Besides，we 2.have destroyed their habitats by cutting down trees，throwing away unrecyclable plastic rubbish everywhere and discharging polluted water that contains poisonous 3.chemicals into rivers. It is human activities that are to blame for the mass 4.extinction．However，we should be 5.aware of the fact that without the species on which we depend for our survival，we would be also at risk. Many 6.anxious environmentalists write informative and innovative essays to educate people to go green. Conservation measures involve 7.switching to solar energy，stopping using throwaway cartons or chopsticks that can not be recycled，and taking public transportation on a regular basis to and from work. To sum up，everybody has a role to play in protecting our planet and if we all set out to do our part，the harmonious world will be restored. Ⅱ.一词多义无障碍 1．swallow A．vt.掩饰；抑制 B．vi.&vt.吞下，咽下　C．vt.吞没；淹没；侵吞　D．vt.相信；信以为真 (1)After the operation you may find it difficult to chew and swallow.B (2)I watched her walk down the road until she was swallowed by the darkness.C (3)I found her excuse very hard to swallow.D (4)You're going to have to swallow your pride and ask for your job back.A 2．claim A．n.索赔 B．vt.声称　C．vt.夺去(生命) D．vt.认领 (1)It is claimed that the red dragon is a positive symbol，indicating strength and a sense of national identity.B (2)The police say that if no one claims the watch，you can keep it.D (3)The company has made a claim for damages caused by the delay of delivery.A (4)It is reported that the hurricane Sandy has claimed thousands of lives.C 3．mass A．n.一团；大堆 B．n.民众　C．n.质量　D．adj.大量的 (1)When a block of ice becomes water，the mass will stay the same but the volume will change.C (2)The UK，uniquely，has not had to face the problem of mass unemployment.D (3)Masses of snow and rocks fell down the mountain.A (4)We should often seek opinions from the masses.B Ⅲ.熟词生义猜的快 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I stuck the chicken in the freezer.C A．卡住的　　　　 B．卡住；阻塞 C．(尤指迅速或随手)放置 2．(2022·浙江卷1月)Most importantly，Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City.B A．群众 B．大规模的，大量的 C．大多数 3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.C A．项目 B．一条(新闻) C．一件物品 4．(2020·浙江卷7月)Then we realized that the spray had only angered him even more.B A．生气 B．使发怒，激怒；恼火 C．愤怒情绪 5．It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.B A．声称 B．索赔 C．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命) Ⅳ.核心词汇强化练 1．The tiger endangered the safety of the deer, but the endangered deer dealt with the dangerous situation smartly. Now it is out of danger．(danger) 2．There's no snake known that will habitually attack human beings unless threatened (threat) with its life. 3．When I am faced with any illegal (legal) behaviour, my conscience will not allow me to sit there in silence. 4．Human beings have been taking too much from nature, resulting in the extinction (extinct) of many wild animals. 5．Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they've already been consumed. This is called rational consumption．(consume) 6．The church, which dates back to the 17th century, is undergoing a complete restoration (restore)． 7．There are various goods in the supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars. The variety attracts many customers.(vary) 8．People destroy forests and rivers for their own benefit. Their destructive activities are likely to cause the destruction of the earth.(destroy) 9．The teacher urged that the students should be taught how to take urgent action in urgency．(urgent) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$