第04讲 现在进行时与现在完成时-【寒假自学课】2025年高一英语寒假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

第04讲 现在进行时与现在完成时 考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 ( 考点1 . 现在进行时 ) 1. 基本用法 此刻正在进行的动作：常搭配时间状语 “now”“at the moment” 等，用于描述说话当下正在发生的行为。 例句：She is singing a song now.（她现在正在唱歌。） 现阶段正在进行的动作：常与 “these days”“this week”“this month” 等时间状语连用，表明在一段近期时间内持续进行的活动。 例句：They are preparing for the exam these days.（他们这些天正在为考试做准备。） 2. 表将来用法 用于表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，多与趋向性动词（如 come、go、leave、arrive、start 等）搭配，且会有表示将来的时间状语辅助说明时间。 例句：The plane is taking off in half an hour.（飞机半小时后就要起飞了。） 例句：We are going to the cinema tonight.（我们今晚打算去看电影。） · 考点再现 1. Look! The children ______ (play) football in the playground. 答案：are playing 解析：由 “Look!” 可知，此处描述的是此刻正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，其结构为 “be + 现在分词”，主语 “The children” 是复数，be 动词用 are，play 的现在分词是 playing，所以填 are playing。 2. My mother ______ (cook) dinner in the kitchen now. 答案：is cooking 解析：句中 “now” 表明是现在正在进行的动作，要用现在进行时，主语 “My mother” 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 is，cook 的现在分词是 cooking，故填 is cooking。 3. We ______ (prepare) for the party these days. 答案：are preparing 解析：“these days” 提示动作是现阶段正在进行的，符合现在进行时的用法，主语 “We” 是复数，be 动词用 are，prepare 的现在分词是 preparing，所以填 are preparing。 4. She ______ (write) a letter at the moment. 答案：is writing 解析：“at the moment” 表示此刻，强调正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，主语 “She” 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 is，write 的现在分词是 writing，因此填 is writing。 5. They ______ (study) English this semester. 答案：are studying 解析：“this semester” 表示现阶段的时间范围，说明正在进行学习英语这个动作，用现在进行时，主语 “They” 是复数，be 动词用 are，study 的现在分词是 studying，填 are studying。 ( 考点2 . 现在进行时的被动语态 ) 1.构成形式 “be (am/is/are) + being + 过去分词”，通过此结构体现动作正在被执行的被动状态。 例句：The house is being painted by the workers.（房子正在被工人们粉刷。） 2. 表示意义 着重强调此时此刻或现阶段动作正在被进行，通常动作的执行者未被明确指出或者没必要明确指出。 例句：My clothes are being washed. I don't know who is doing it.（我的衣服正在被洗，我不知道是谁在洗。） 3. 注意要点 准确判断动作的主被动关系：只有及物动词才有被动语态形式，要依据句子语义逻辑判断是否存在合理的被动关系。 正确示例：The letter is being written by her.（write 是及物动词，有 “信被写” 的合理被动关系） 错误示例：The accident is being happened there.（happen 是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态） 保持主谓一致（be 动词随主语变化）：根据主语的人称和数来正确选用 be 动词的相应形式（am/is/are）。 例句：I am being interviewed for a job.（主语是 I，用 am） 例句：The children are being looked after by their aunt.（主语是 The children，用 are） 与其他被动语态区分：与一般现在时被动语态相比，现在进行时被动语态侧重当下正在进行的被动动作，而一般现在时被动语态强调经常、习惯性的被动情况。 例句：The dishes are washed every day.（一般现在时被动，说明每天洗碗是日常习惯） 例句：The dishes are being washed right now.（现在进行时被动，强调此刻正在洗碗） · 考点再现 1. A new hospital ______ (build) in our city at present. 答案：is being built 解析：“at present” 表示目前，说明动作正在进行，且 “hospital” 与 “build” 之间是被动关系，即医院被建造，现在进行时的被动语态结构为 “be (am/is/are) + being + 过去分词”，主语 “A new hospital” 是单数，be 动词用 is，build 的过去分词是 built，所以填 is being built。 2. The problem ______ (discuss) by the experts now. 答案：is being discussed 解析：“now” 表明此刻动作正在进行，“problem” 是被讨论的对象，存在被动关系，根据现在进行时被动语态结构，主语 “The problem” 是单数，be 动词用 is，discuss 的过去分词是 discussed，故填 is being discussed。 3. These days, the old houses in the neighborhood ______ (pull) down. 答案：are being pulled 解析：“These days” 体现现阶段正在发生的情况，房子是被拆除的，是被动关系，主语 “The old houses” 是复数，按照现在进行时被动语态的构成，be 动词用 are，pull 的过去分词是 pulled，所以填 are being pulled。 4. The flowers in the garden ______ (water) by the gardener right now. 答案：are being watered 解析：“right now” 表示当下正在进行，花是被浇水的对象，用现在进行时的被动语态，主语 “The flowers” 是复数，be 动词用 are，water 的过去分词是 watered，填 are being watered。 5. A new plan ______ (make) by the team members this week. 答案：is being made 解析：“this week” 说明现阶段正在进行的动作，计划是被制定的，存在被动关系，主语 “A new plan” 是单数，be 动词用 is，make 的过去分词是 made，所以填 is being made。 ( 考点3 . 现在完成时 ) 1. 构成形式 “have/has + 过去分词”，以此结构来体现动作从过去发生并与现在产生关联。 例句：He has eaten breakfast.（他已经吃过早饭了。） 2. 用法 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：通过过去的某个行为，使得现在出现了相应的情况或变化。 例句：I have lost my wallet, so I can't buy anything.（我弄丢了钱包，所以现在没法买东西了。） 过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态：常与 “for + 时间段”“since + 时间点” 等表示一段时间的状语搭配使用。 例句：She has worked in this company since 2010.（她从 2010 年起就在这家公司工作了。） 3. 时间状语搭配 常与 already（已经，多用于肯定句）、yet（还，多用于疑问句和否定句）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从不）、recently（最近）等时间状语词连用，以明确动作发生的时间范畴与现在的关联情况。 例句：Have you ever visited the Great Wall?（你曾经去过长城吗？） 例句：I have just come back from school.（我刚从学校回来。） 例句：They haven't finished the task yet.（他们还没完成任务呢。） 4. 注意事项 非延续性动词转换（与时间段连用时）：非延续性动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语用于现在完成时表达持续动作，需将其替换为相应的延续性动词。 错误示例：He has joined the club for two years.（join 是非延续性动词） 正确示例：He has been a member of the club for two years.（be 是延续性动词，表状态） 与一般过去时区分：一般过去时单纯描述过去某个时间发生的动作，和现在没有直接联系；现在完成时更强调过去动作对现在产生的影响或与现在的关联。 例句：I watched a movie last night.（只是说昨晚看了电影这个过去事实） 例句：I have watched that movie before, so I know what it's about.（强调之前看过电影，所以现在了解其内容） · 考点再现 1. I ______ (finish) my homework already. 答案：have finished 解析：“already” 常与现在完成时连用，表示已经完成的动作，主语是 I，其现在完成时的结构 “have + 过去分词”，finish 的过去分词是 finished，所以填 have finished。 2. She ______ (read) that book several times. 答案：has read 解析：“several times” 表示多次，说明过去的动作对现在造成影响（读过多次有了相应的了解等），符合现在完成时用法，主语 “She” 是第三人称单数，用 “has + 过去分词” 结构，read 的过去分词还是 read，所以填 has read。 3. They ______ (not see) each other since last year. 答案：haven't seen 解析：“since last year” 是现在完成时的典型时间状语，表明从去年开始到现在的情况，句子是否定句，主语 “They” 是复数，现在完成时的否定结构是 “haven't/hasn't + 过去分词”，see 的过去分词是 seen，所以填 haven't seen。 4. He ______ (just come) back from abroad. 答案：has just come 解析：“just” 常与现在完成时搭配，强调刚刚完成的动作，主语 “He” 是第三人称单数，用 “has + 过去分词” 结构，come 的过去分词是 come，故填 has just come。 5. We ______ (live) in this city for ten years. 答案：have lived 解析：“for ten years” 表示一段时间，说明从过去开始一直持续到现在的居住状态，符合现在完成时与时间段连用的情况，主语 “We” 是复数，用 “have + 过去分词” 结构，live 的过去分词是 lived，所以填 have lived。 ( 考点4 . 现在完成时的被动语态 ) 1. 常用句式 “have/has + been + 过去分词”，以此表明过去发生的被动动作对现在造成的影响或从过去持续到现在的被动状态。 例句：A lot of trees have been planted in our schoolyard.（我们校园里已经种了很多树。） 2. 用法 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果（主语为承受者）：强调过去的被动动作致使现在出现了相应的局面或影响。 例句：The novel has been translated into many languages and is popular worldwide.（这部小说已经被翻译成多种语言，在全球都很受欢迎。） 过去开始持续到现在的被动动作（搭配时间段状语）：体现某个被动动作从过去某时起一直延续至今的情况。 例句：This project has been carried out for several months.（这个项目已经开展好几个月了。） 3. 注意 6 点问题 （1）准确判断被动关系：要根据句子实际含义确定主语是动作的承受者，才能正确使用被动语态，需避免对不及物动词等错误使用被动结构。 错误示例：The story has been happened in a small town.（happen 是不及物动词，不能用被动） 正确示例：The party has been organized by the students.（organize 是及物动词，有 “派对被组织” 的合理被动关系） （2）留意时间状语搭配：不同的时间状语与该语态结合时要遵循语法和语义规则，使句子表意准确合理，尤其像 “since” 引导的时间状语从句搭配时要体现时间先后和逻辑连贯。 例句：Since the new policy was introduced, many changes have been made.（新政策出台后，已经有了很多变化，体现先后顺序和逻辑关联） （3）与其他语态区分：与现在完成时主动语态相比，主动语态突出动作执行者主动实施动作，被动语态强调主语承受动作；和现在进行时被动语态的区别在于，现在进行时被动侧重当下正在进行的被动情况，而现在完成时被动更关注过去到现在的整体被动状态及影响。 例句：He has repaired the car.（现在完成时主动，强调他主动修车的行为） 例句：The car has been repaired.（现在完成时被动，强调车被修好的结果） 例句：The car is being repaired now.（现在进行时被动，强调此刻车正在被修理的状态） （4）掌握特殊动词过去分词变化：部分动词的过去分词形式是不规则的，需要牢记这些特殊变化，以确保句式书写正确无误。 例如：write - written，break - broken，choose - chosen 等。例句：The window has been broken by the naughty boy.（broken 是 break 的正确过去分词形式） （5）处理多动作被动逻辑关系：当句子中存在多个先后发生且涉及被动的动作时，要运用合适的时态顺序和被动语态结构清晰准确地表述逻辑关系。 例句：After the plan had been discussed thoroughly, it has been implemented step by step.（先充分讨论计划，之后再逐步实施，体现先后顺序和被动情况） （6）依文体合理运用：在不同文体中使用该语态各有侧重，记叙文里常用于描述过去事件对现在产生的结果呈现；说明文里可用于介绍事物发展历程等涉及被动情况的表述；议论文中在论述观点相关已发生的被动情况时会运用到。 例如在一篇介绍科技成果应用情况的说明文里：This advanced technology has been widely applied in various fields since its invention.（说明该项先进技术自发明以来在多个领域被广泛应用的情况） · 考点再现 1. Many new buildings ______ (build) in the town in the past few years. 答案：have been built 解析：“in the past few years” 是现在完成时常用的时间状语，建筑物是被建造的，存在被动关系，主语 “Many new buildings” 是复数，现在完成时的被动语态结构 “have/has + been + 过去分词”，build 的过去分词是 built，所以填 have been built。 2. The book ______ (translate) into several languages already. 答案：has been translated 解析：“already” 提示用现在完成时，书是被翻译成多种语言的，是被动情况，主语 “The book” 是单数，根据现在完成时被动语态结构，用 “has + been + 过去分词”，translate 的过去分词是 translated，所以填 has been translated。 3. A lot of work ______ (do) since we started the project. 答案：has been done 解析：“since we started the project” 表明从项目开始到现在的情况，工作是被做的，有被动关系，主语 “A lot of work” 是不可数名词，视为单数，用 “has + been + 过去分词” 结构，do 的过去分词是 done，所以填 has been done。 4. These machines ______ (repair) many times in the past decade. 答案：have been repaired 解析：“in the past decade” 表示过去的十年里，符合现在完成时时间范畴，机器是被修理的，是被动关系，主语 “These machines” 是复数，用 “have + been + 过去分词” 结构，repair 的过去分词是 repaired，填 have been repaired。 5. The bridge ______ (complete) last month and it ______ (use) by people since then. 答案：was completed；has been used 解析：第一空 “last month” 是一般过去时的时间状语，桥是被完成的，用一般过去时的被动语态 “was/were + 过去分词”，主语 “The bridge” 是单数，complete 的过去分词是 completed，所以第一空填 was completed；第二空 “since then” 是现在完成时的时间状语，桥被人们使用，是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语还是 “The bridge”，所以填 has been used。 一、单项选择题（10 小题，每题 2 分，共 20 分） 1. —Hi, Lily! I haven't seen you for ages! —Oh, I ______ on a volunteer project in Africa for the past year. A. worked B. have worked C. am working D. was working 答案：B 解析：“for the past year” 是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，强调从过去一年到现在的情况，所以用现在完成时，结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”，主语是 I，用 have worked，故选 B。 2. The meeting ______ when I got to the office, so I didn't know what they had discussed. A. was over B. has been over C. had been over D. would be over 答案：C 解析：“got to the office” 是过去的动作，而会议结束是在到达办公室之前，也就是过去的过去，要用过去完成时，其结构为 “had + 过去分词”，be over 的过去分词形式还是 be over（be 动词变为 been），所以选 C。 3. By the end of last year, another new hospital ______ in our city. A. would complete B. would be completed C. was completed D. had been completed 答案：D 解析：“By the end of last year”（到去年年底为止）表示过去的某个时间之前，是过去完成时的时间标志，且医院是被建成的，要用过去完成时的被动语态，结构为 “had + been + 过去分词”，所以选 D。 4. —Where is your father? —He ______ the flowers in the garden now. A. waters B. is watering C. will water D. has watered 答案：B 解析：由 “now” 可知描述的是此刻正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，其结构为 “be + 现在分词”，主语 “He” 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 is，water 的现在分词是 watering，所以选 B。 5. This is the first time that I ______ such a beautiful city. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. had visited 答案：C 解析：“This is the first time that...” 是固定句型，that 从句中常用现在完成时，表示这是第一次做某事，所以选 C。 6. A lot of new houses ______ in this area in the past few years. A. were built B. are built C. have been built D. had been built 答案：C 解析：“in the past few years”（在过去的几年里）是现在完成时的常用时间状语，房子是被建造的，存在被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，结构为 “have/has + been + 过去分词”，主语 “A lot of new houses” 是复数，用 have，故选 C。 7. —Why didn't you go to see the film last night? —Because I ______ it before. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. would see 答案：C 解析：“didn't go” 是过去的动作，而 “之前看过” 这个动作发生在 “没去看” 之前，即过去的过去，要用过去完成时，所以选 C。 8. The book ______ by many people since it came out last month. A. is read B. has been read C. was read D. had been read 答案：B 解析：“since it came out last month”（自从上个月出版以来）是现在完成时的时间状语，书是被阅读的，存在被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，故选 B。 9. Look! The children ______ the classroom. They are so helpful. A. clean B. are cleaning C. have cleaned D. cleaned 答案：B 解析：“Look!” 提示此刻正在进行的动作，要用现在进行时，其结构为 “be + 现在分词”，主语 “The children” 是复数，be 动词用 are，clean 的现在分词是 cleaning，所以选 B。 10. We can't go swimming today because the pool ______. A. is being repaired B. is repairing C. has been repaired D. was repaired 答案：A 解析：根据句意，游泳池此刻正在被修理，所以我们不能去游泳，强调正在进行的被动动作，用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为 “be (am/is/are) + being + 过去分词”，主语 “the pool” 是单数，be 动词用 is，repair 的过去分词是 repaired，所以选 A。 二、单句语法填空题（10 小题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 1. I ______ (write) a letter to my friend when my mother came in. 答案：was writing 解析：“when my mother came in” 表示一个过去动作（妈妈进来）发生时，另一个动作（写信）正在进行，要用过去进行时，其结构为 “was/were + 现在分词”，主语是 I，be 动词用 was，write 的现在分词是 writing，所以填 was writing。 2. She ______ (live) in this city for five years before she moved to another place. 答案：had lived 解析：“before she moved to another place”（在她搬到另一个地方之前）表明前面的动作（住在这个城市）发生在过去的过去，要用过去完成时，结构为 “had + 过去分词”，live 的过去分词是 lived，所以填 had lived。 3. The bridge which ______ (build) last year connects two villages. 答案：was built 解析：“last year” 是一般过去时的时间状语，桥是被建造的，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为 “was/were + 过去分词”，主语 “The bridge” 是单数，build 的过去分词是 built，所以填 was built。 4. They ______ (already finish) their work by the time we arrived. 答案：had already finished 解析：“by the time we arrived”（在我们到达的时候）表示过去的某个时间点，“完成工作” 这个动作在这个时间点之前就已经发生了，即过去的过去，要用过去完成时，already 放在助动词 had 后，finish 的过去分词是 finished，所以填 had already finished。 5. A new play ______ (put on) at the theater next week. 答案：will be put on 解析：“next week” 表示将来的时间，戏是被上演的，要用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为 “will + be + 过去分词”，put on（上演）的过去分词还是 put on，所以填 will be put on。 6. The book that I ______ (look for) for a long time was finally found in the library. 答案：had been looking for 解析：“for a long time” 表示一段时间，且 “寻找书” 这个动作从过去开始一直持续到最终找到（过去的某个时间），是过去的过去一直在进行的动作，要用过去完成进行时，其结构为 “had been + 现在分词”，look for 的现在分词是 looking for，所以填 had been looking for。 7. He ______ (not hear) from his friend since last month. 答案：hasn't heard 解析：“since last month” 是现在完成时的时间状语，句子是否定句，其结构为 “haven't/hasn't + 过去分词”，主语 “He” 是第三人称单数，hear from 的过去分词是 heard from，所以填 hasn't heard。 8. The classroom ______ (clean) every day by the students on duty. 答案：is cleaned 解析：“every day” 表示经常、习惯性的动作，教室是被打扫的，要用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为 “am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语 “The classroom” 是单数，be 动词用 is，clean 的过去分词是 cleaned，所以填 is cleaned。 9. We ______ (discuss) the problem when the teacher came in. 答案：were discussing 解析：“when the teacher came in” 表示老师进来这个过去动作发生时，“讨论问题” 这个动作正在进行，要用过去进行时，主语 “We” 是复数，be 动词用 were，discuss 的现在分词是 discussing，所以填 were discussing。 10. By the time I graduate from high school, I ______ (study) English for six years. 答案：will have studied 解析：“By the time I graduate from high school”（到我高中毕业的时候）表示将来的某个时间点，“学习英语” 这个动作从现在开始一直持续到那个将来时间点，要用将来完成时，其结构为 “will + have + 过去分词”，study 的过去分词是 studied，所以填 will have studied。 三、语篇语法填空题（10 小题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于 3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，使短文意思完整、通顺。 In our city, remarkable changes 1. __________ (take place) in recent years. The old industrial area, which was once filled with factories and smoke, 2. __________ (turn) into a modern and eco-friendly zone. A large park 3. __________ (construct) in the middle of this area two years ago. It has now become 4. __________ ideal place for local residents to relax. There is 5. __________ beautiful lake in the park, and around the lake are many trees and flowers. People can take a walk along the paths, enjoying the fresh air and beautiful scenery. The transportation system has also been improved greatly. 6. __________ addition to the existing bus routes, a new subway line 7. __________ (build) across the city, which connects different neighborhoods more conveniently. What's more, the local government has built several overpasses 8. __________ (reduce) traffic jams. The education here has seen positive changes too. A new high school 9. __________ (open) last year. The school not only has advanced teaching facilities but also employs excellent teachers. And it is located near a library, so students can go there easily 10. __________ they need to borrow books or study. 1. 答案：have taken place 解析：“in recent years”（近年来）是现在完成时的常用时间状语，take place（发生）是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，主语 “remarkable changes” 是复数，所以要用现在完成时的结构 “have + 过去分词”，take place 的过去分词还是 take place，故填 have taken place。 2. 答案：has been turned 解析：“The old industrial area” 和 “turn”（转变）之间是被动关系，从 “in recent years” 及现在的结果来看，是过去发生的动作对现在造成影响，要用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为 “has/have + been + 过去分词”，主语是单数，turn 的过去分词是 turned，所以填 has been turned。 3. 答案：was constructed 解析：“two years ago”（两年前）是一般过去时的时间状语，“A large park” 与 “construct”（建造）之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为 “was/were + 过去分词”，主语是单数，construct 的过去分词是 constructed，所以填 was constructed。 4. 答案：an 解析：“ideal” 是以元音音素开头的单词，此处表示 “一个理想的地方”，表泛指，要用不定冠词 an，考查冠词的用法，所以填 an。 5. 答案：a 解析：此处表示 “公园里有一个美丽的湖”，“beautiful” 是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词 a，表泛指，所以填 a。 6. 答案：In 解析：“In addition to...” 是固定短语，意为 “除…… 之外（还有）”，用于引出更多相关内容，考查介词的用法，所以填 In。 7. 答案：is being built 解析：“a new subway line” 与 “build”（建造）之间是被动关系，结合语境现在正在进行建造这个动作，用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为 “be (am/is/are) + being + 过去分词”，主语是单数，build 的过去分词是 built，所以填 is being built。 8. 答案：to reduce 解析：此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示建造立交桥的目的是减少交通堵塞，所以填 to reduce，考查非谓语动词中动词不定式的用法，也涉及连词的逻辑关系体现（此处隐含目的的逻辑联系）。 9. 答案：was opened 解析：“last year”（去年）是一般过去时的时间状语，“A new high school” 与 “open”（开办，开放）之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为 “was/were + 过去分词”，主语是单数，open 的过去分词是 opened，所以填 was opened。 10. 答案：when 解析：根据语境，此处表达 “当学生需要借书或者学习的时候”，用 when 引导时间状语从句，考查连词的用法，所以填 when。 · 真题感知 一、阅读理解 （2023·全国·高考真题）Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center. Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 1．Which of the four programs begins the earliest? A．Photography Workshops. B．Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. C．Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D．Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. 2．What is the short talk at Artist Point about? A．Works of famous artists. B．Protection of wild animals. C．Basic photography skills. D．History of the canyon area. 3．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A．Artist Point. B．Washburn Trailhead. C．Canyon Village Store. D．Visitor Education Center. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。 1．细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) (在黄石体验野生动物（5月26日至9月2日）)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) (少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6月5日至8月21日）)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. (从一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史)”可知，在Artist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. (7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance：在奇滕登停车场的Washburn Trailhead举行)”可知，7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。 二、语法填空 （2023·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 4 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 5 (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 6 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】4．seen 5．cities 6．has established 【导语】本文是说明文。红树林，生长在陆地和海洋之间，有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭，到目前为止，中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。 4．考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 5．考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 · 提升专练 一、语法填空 李明和林涛在新学期第一天见面, 他们在谈论那个城市地震一年后的情况。请根据语境, 用相应的时态完成下面对话。 Passage 1 Li Ming: Hi, Lin Tao. How nice to see you on the first day of the new term! Lin Tao: Yes. Nice to see you again. Li Ming: I know that your parents 1 (work) in that city for about a year. Can you tell me something there after the earthquake? Lin Tao: Of course. Since the earthquake 2 (happen),many soldiers 3 (send)there,and many kinds of supplies(物资供应) 4 (carry)there from all over the country. Now, most people there 5 (live)a happy life again. Li Ming: How about the schools there? Lin Tao: Several new schools 6 (set up)and also some schools which 7 (damage) in the earthquake 8 (rebuild).So all the students can go back to school to study now. Li Ming: That’s wonderful. I’m sure their life will be better and better. When will your parents come back? Lin Tao: They will be back next month. 【答案】1．have been working 2．happened 3．have been sent 4．have been carried 5．live/are living 6．have been set up 7．were damaged 8．have been rebuilt 【分析】这篇语段主要讲述了李明和林涛在新学期第一天见面, 他们在谈论那个城市地震一年后的情况。 1．考查现在完成进行时。句意：我知道你父母已经在那个城市工作了一年了。现在完成进行时其构成为：主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。分析句子可知，设空处的动作一直持续可能还要继续，所以用现在完成时，因为parents为复数，故填have been working。 2．考查时态。句意：自从地震发生以来，许多士兵已经被送到那里。分析句子可知，设空处表示过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去，故填happened。 3．考查现在完成时的被动。句意：自从地震发生以来，许多士兵已经被送到那里。分析句子以及Since…可知，表示动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时，soldiers为复数并且solsiers与send之间为被动，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been sent。 4．考查现在完成时的被动。句意：许多种类的物资从全国各地运到那里。分析句子以及Since…可知，表示动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时，supplies 为复数，并且supplies与carry之间为被动，所以用现在完成时的被动，故填have been carried。 5．考查时态。句意：现在，那里的大多数人又过上了幸福的生活。分析句子可知，既可以用一般现在时表示叙述事实情况，又可以用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，并且people在此处为集体名词，表示复数，故填live/are living。 6．考查时态和语态。句意：几所新学校已经建好了。分析句子可知，表示动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时，schools为复数并且与set up之间为被动，所以应该填现在完成时的被动，故填have been set up。 7．考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，设空处表示过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时，又因damage与schools之间为被动，所以用过去时的被动语态，故填were damaged。 8．考查时态和语态。句意：一些在地震中受损的学校也已经建成重建。分析句子可知，表示动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时，又因先行词schools为复数并且与rebuild之间为被动，所以应该用现在完成时的被动。故填have been rebuilt。 Passage 2 There are moments in life 1 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 2 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 3 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 4 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 5 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 6 (happy) people don't 7 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 8 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 9 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 10 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 【答案】 1．when 2．another 3．has been opened 4．who 5．to dream 6．happiest 7．necessarily 8．comes 9．forgotten 10．around 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在生活中的一些体会：快乐的人不一定拥有最好的东西，他们只是珍惜人生中的一切，善于抓住生活中美好的一面，时刻对未来充满期许。 1．考查定语从句。句意：生命中很多时候你会特别想念一些人以至于你想把他们从梦中拉出来，紧紧地拥抱他们。在先行词为时间名词moments，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。 2．考查形容词。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。another意为“另一，又一”，符合语境，故填another。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。根据语境，从句中的谓语应为现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been opened。 4．考查定语从句的先行词。句意：寻找那些让你微笑的人，因为仅一个微笑就能让黑暗的一天雨过天晴。先行词someone是指人的不定代词，定语从句中谓语动词makes缺主语，故填who。 5．考查动词的固定搭配。句意：做你想做的梦吧.去你想去的地方吧.成为你想成为的人吧。动词want后面加动词不定式，故此处应填to dream。 6．考查形容词的最高级。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。由空前的the和空后的best可知此处要用最高级，此处应填happiest。 7．考查副词。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。动词have要用副词来修饰，故填necessarily，意为“必要地”。 8．考查时态。句意：他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的东西。他们这里说的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；定语从句的关系代词that指代先行词everything，故该空填动词的第三人称单数comes。 9．考查过去分词。句意：忘掉过去你将迎来美好的未来。Forgotten是forget的过去分词。名词past意为“过去”，和forget之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词作定语，故填forgotten。 10．考查副词。句意：当你出生时，你在哭泣而你周边的人在微笑。around意为“环绕，在周围”，符合语境，故填around。 【点睛】that在定语从句中是既可以指人也可以 指物，当先行词是all, something,nothing等不定代词用that，这是that和which在比较是都在指物的情况下，不包括指人时。当先行词是those, one ,ones, anyone ,someone等并且指人时，我们只用who。 从句中要注意先行词和动词的对应关系。一般现在时主语为第三人称单数，动词要用三单；主语为非第三人称单数，动词用原形。 Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Do you know how 1 is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons （神经元）in our brains. 2 (put) simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that 3 we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about 4 we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes 5 (far)：mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people. Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Recently, researchers   6 (find) that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that 7 they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered 8 when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball). Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully 9 (function). However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders． Research does mirror that neurons seem to provide us with even more information concerning how humans behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge 10 (cough) in the cinema when someone else does-well, perhaps you’ll understand why． 【答案】 1．it 2．Put 3．every time/each time 4．how 5．further 6．have found 7．if/when 8．as 9．functioning 10．to cough 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。我们大脑中含有的神经元不仅让我们跟着别人的动作做，它也为我们理解他人提供了生物学基础。 1．考查it作形式主语。句意：你知道当你看到别人打哈欠，你自己也开始打哈欠是如何发生的吗？这是一个宾语从句，从句部分又是一个主语从句，从句缺主语，且主语为when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too，应用it来代替。故填it。 2．考查过去分词作状语。句意：简而言之，神经元的存在意味着，每次我们看到别人做一件事情，我们的大脑会模仿它，无论我们实际上有没有进行这样的动作。“put simply”意为“简而言之”，是固定搭配，由于是道理被简单地说，所以应使用过去分词形式表达被动意义。故填Put。 3．考查状语从句的连词。句意同上。这是一个时间状语从句。“每次”翻译为“every time/each time”，引导时间状语从句，故填every time/each time。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：这能够很好地解释我们如何学习笑、说话、走路、跳舞与运动。“This”指代的是上一句话，解释的是我们学习的方式，故此处宾语从句填从属连词how。 5．考查副词比较级。句意：但是这个想法可以解释地更深远：神经元不仅能解释身体动作，它们还能告诉我们我们理解别人是有生理基础的。从not only…but also…可知，这句话是递进关系，所以是对神经元意义的进一步挖掘。且空格处单词修饰动词goes，所以用副词的比较级形式。故填further。 6．考查现在完成时。句意：最近，研究者已经发现神经元与语言密切相关。由Recently可知，这句话使用现在完成时。主语researchers为名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have found。 7．考查状语从句连接词。句意：一组研究者发现当（如果）他们给人们听一些句子的时候，同样的镜面神经元被触发，如同实际动作发生时一样。由两个括弧内的注释可知，这是将两种情形进行对比。所以空格处单词与后半句中的when是并列关系，提出一个条件可以用时间状语从句也可以用条件状语从句，故填if/when。 8．考查定语从句。句意同上。the same...as与......一样，是固定搭配，as翻译为“如同”，引导定语从句，修饰the same mirror neurons，故填as。 9．考查现在进行时。句意：很多研究指出有社会行为问题的人的神经元没有正常运行。这是一个定语从句，从句的主语mirror neurons与谓语动词function之间是主动关系，故填functioning。 10．考查不定式做宾补。句意：下次在电影院，当你看到别人咳嗽你也想咳嗽的时候，也许你就能理解为什么了。“the urge to do sth.”为动词短语，表示“做……的欲望”。故填to cough。 二、书信写作 假设你是明启中学的高二学生李华。你家所在的社区图书馆正在招募暑期志愿者。你对此很感兴趣，希望能在高二寒假里有一份难忘的经历。写一封申请信给图书馆的负责人，内容包括： 1.你希望申请这份工作： 2.你申请的理由(可以从能力，经验，个性等方面阐述) Dear Sir/Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Sir/Madam, I am Li Hua, a second-year student at Ming Qi High School. I am writing to apply for the summer volunteer position at our community library, as I am keen on having a memorable experience during my vacation. I believe I am a suitable candidate due to my strong organizational skills and previous volunteer experience. I have worked as a volunteer at a school library, where I enhanced my ability to manage books systematically and assist readers patiently. Additionally, I am enthusiastic about reading and sharing knowledge with others. I would be grateful if you could consider my application. I look forward to contributing positively to the library. Sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生向社区图书馆的负责人申请暑期志愿者岗位，并阐述申请理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累： 合适的：suitable→appropriate 提高：enhance→improve 系统地：systematically→methodically 感激的：grateful→appreciative 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am Li Hua, a second-year student at Ming Qi High School. 拓展句：I am Li Hua, who is a second-year student at Ming Qi High School. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to apply for the summer volunteer position at our community library, as I am keen on having a memorable experience during my vacation. (运用了as引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】I have worked as a volunteer at a school library, where I enhanced my ability to manage books systematically and assist readers patiently. (运用了where引导非限制性定语从句) ( 15 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲 现在进行时与现在完成时 考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 ( 考点1 . 现在进行时 ) 1. 基本用法 此刻正在进行的动作：常搭配时间状语 “now”“at the moment” 等，用于描述说话当下正在发生的行为。 例句：She is singing a song now.（她现在正在唱歌。） 现阶段正在进行的动作：常与 “these days”“this week”“this month” 等时间状语连用，表明在一段近期时间内持续进行的活动。 例句：They are preparing for the exam these days.（他们这些天正在为考试做准备。） 2. 表将来用法 用于表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，多与趋向性动词（如 come、go、leave、arrive、start 等）搭配，且会有表示将来的时间状语辅助说明时间。 例句：The plane is taking off in half an hour.（飞机半小时后就要起飞了。） 例句：We are going to the cinema tonight.（我们今晚打算去看电影。） · 考点再现 1. Look! The children ______ (play) football in the playground. 2. My mother ______ (cook) dinner in the kitchen now. 3. We ______ (prepare) for the party these days. 4. She ______ (write) a letter at the moment. 5. They ______ (study) English this semester. ( 考点2 . 现在进行时的被动语态 ) 1.构成形式 “be (am/is/are) + being + 过去分词”，通过此结构体现动作正在被执行的被动状态。 例句：The house is being painted by the workers.（房子正在被工人们粉刷。） 2. 表示意义 着重强调此时此刻或现阶段动作正在被进行，通常动作的执行者未被明确指出或者没必要明确指出。 例句：My clothes are being washed. I don't know who is doing it.（我的衣服正在被洗，我不知道是谁在洗。） 3. 注意要点 准确判断动作的主被动关系：只有及物动词才有被动语态形式，要依据句子语义逻辑判断是否存在合理的被动关系。 正确示例：The letter is being written by her.（write 是及物动词，有 “信被写” 的合理被动关系） 错误示例：The accident is being happened there.（happen 是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态） 保持主谓一致（be 动词随主语变化）：根据主语的人称和数来正确选用 be 动词的相应形式（am/is/are）。 例句：I am being interviewed for a job.（主语是 I，用 am） 例句：The children are being looked after by their aunt.（主语是 The children，用 are） 与其他被动语态区分：与一般现在时被动语态相比，现在进行时被动语态侧重当下正在进行的被动动作，而一般现在时被动语态强调经常、习惯性的被动情况。 例句：The dishes are washed every day.（一般现在时被动，说明每天洗碗是日常习惯） 例句：The dishes are being washed right now.（现在进行时被动，强调此刻正在洗碗） · 考点再现 1. A new hospital ______ (build) in our city at present. 2. The problem ______ (discuss) by the experts now. 3. These days, the old houses in the neighborhood ______ (pull) down. 4. The flowers in the garden ______ (water) by the gardener right now. 5. A new plan ______ (make) by the team members this week. ( 考点3 . 现在完成时 ) 1. 构成形式 “have/has + 过去分词”，以此结构来体现动作从过去发生并与现在产生关联。 例句：He has eaten breakfast.（他已经吃过早饭了。） 2. 用法 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：通过过去的某个行为，使得现在出现了相应的情况或变化。 例句：I have lost my wallet, so I can't buy anything.（我弄丢了钱包，所以现在没法买东西了。） 过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态：常与 “for + 时间段”“since + 时间点” 等表示一段时间的状语搭配使用。 例句：She has worked in this company since 2010.（她从 2010 年起就在这家公司工作了。） 3. 时间状语搭配 常与 already（已经，多用于肯定句）、yet（还，多用于疑问句和否定句）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从不）、recently（最近）等时间状语词连用，以明确动作发生的时间范畴与现在的关联情况。 例句：Have you ever visited the Great Wall?（你曾经去过长城吗？） 例句：I have just come back from school.（我刚从学校回来。） 例句：They haven't finished the task yet.（他们还没完成任务呢。） 4. 注意事项 非延续性动词转换（与时间段连用时）：非延续性动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语用于现在完成时表达持续动作，需将其替换为相应的延续性动词。 错误示例：He has joined the club for two years.（join 是非延续性动词） 正确示例：He has been a member of the club for two years.（be 是延续性动词，表状态） 与一般过去时区分：一般过去时单纯描述过去某个时间发生的动作，和现在没有直接联系；现在完成时更强调过去动作对现在产生的影响或与现在的关联。 例句：I watched a movie last night.（只是说昨晚看了电影这个过去事实） 例句：I have watched that movie before, so I know what it's about.（强调之前看过电影，所以现在了解其内容） · 考点再现 1. I ______ (finish) my homework already. 2. She ______ (read) that book several times. 3. They ______ (not see) each other since last year. 4. He ______ (just come) back from abroad. 5. We ______ (live) in this city for ten years. ( 考点4 . 现在完成时的被动语态 ) 1. 常用句式 “have/has + been + 过去分词”，以此表明过去发生的被动动作对现在造成的影响或从过去持续到现在的被动状态。 例句：A lot of trees have been planted in our schoolyard.（我们校园里已经种了很多树。） 2. 用法 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果（主语为承受者）：强调过去的被动动作致使现在出现了相应的局面或影响。 例句：The novel has been translated into many languages and is popular worldwide.（这部小说已经被翻译成多种语言，在全球都很受欢迎。） 过去开始持续到现在的被动动作（搭配时间段状语）：体现某个被动动作从过去某时起一直延续至今的情况。 例句：This project has been carried out for several months.（这个项目已经开展好几个月了。） 3. 注意 6 点问题 （1）准确判断被动关系：要根据句子实际含义确定主语是动作的承受者，才能正确使用被动语态，需避免对不及物动词等错误使用被动结构。 错误示例：The story has been happened in a small town.（happen 是不及物动词，不能用被动） 正确示例：The party has been organized by the students.（organize 是及物动词，有 “派对被组织” 的合理被动关系） （2）留意时间状语搭配：不同的时间状语与该语态结合时要遵循语法和语义规则，使句子表意准确合理，尤其像 “since” 引导的时间状语从句搭配时要体现时间先后和逻辑连贯。 例句：Since the new policy was introduced, many changes have been made.（新政策出台后，已经有了很多变化，体现先后顺序和逻辑关联） （3）与其他语态区分：与现在完成时主动语态相比，主动语态突出动作执行者主动实施动作，被动语态强调主语承受动作；和现在进行时被动语态的区别在于，现在进行时被动侧重当下正在进行的被动情况，而现在完成时被动更关注过去到现在的整体被动状态及影响。 例句：He has repaired the car.（现在完成时主动，强调他主动修车的行为） 例句：The car has been repaired.（现在完成时被动，强调车被修好的结果） 例句：The car is being repaired now.（现在进行时被动，强调此刻车正在被修理的状态） （4）掌握特殊动词过去分词变化：部分动词的过去分词形式是不规则的，需要牢记这些特殊变化，以确保句式书写正确无误。 例如：write - written，break - broken，choose - chosen 等。例句：The window has been broken by the naughty boy.（broken 是 break 的正确过去分词形式） （5）处理多动作被动逻辑关系：当句子中存在多个先后发生且涉及被动的动作时，要运用合适的时态顺序和被动语态结构清晰准确地表述逻辑关系。 例句：After the plan had been discussed thoroughly, it has been implemented step by step.（先充分讨论计划，之后再逐步实施，体现先后顺序和被动情况） （6）依文体合理运用：在不同文体中使用该语态各有侧重，记叙文里常用于描述过去事件对现在产生的结果呈现；说明文里可用于介绍事物发展历程等涉及被动情况的表述；议论文中在论述观点相关已发生的被动情况时会运用到。 例如在一篇介绍科技成果应用情况的说明文里：This advanced technology has been widely applied in various fields since its invention.（说明该项先进技术自发明以来在多个领域被广泛应用的情况） · 考点再现 1. Many new buildings ______ (build) in the town in the past few years. 2. The book ______ (translate) into several languages already. 3. A lot of work ______ (do) since we started the project. 4. These machines ______ (repair) many times in the past decade. 5. The bridge ______ (complete) last month and it ______ (use) by people since then. 一、单项选择题（10 小题，每题 2 分，共 20 分） 1. —Hi, Lily! I haven't seen you for ages! —Oh, I ______ on a volunteer project in Africa for the past year. A. worked B. have worked C. am working D. was working 2. The meeting ______ when I got to the office, so I didn't know what they had discussed. A. was over B. has been over C. had been over D. would be over 3. By the end of last year, another new hospital ______ in our city. A. would complete B. would be completed C. was completed D. had been completed 4. —Where is your father? —He ______ the flowers in the garden now. A. waters B. is watering C. will water D. has watered 5. This is the first time that I ______ such a beautiful city. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. had visited 6. A lot of new houses ______ in this area in the past few years. A. were built B. are built C. have been built D. had been built 7. —Why didn't you go to see the film last night? —Because I ______ it before. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. would see 8. The book ______ by many people since it came out last month. A. is read B. has been read C. was read D. had been read 9. Look! The children ______ the classroom. They are so helpful. A. clean B. are cleaning C. have cleaned D. cleaned 10. We can't go swimming today because the pool ______. A. is being repaired B. is repairing C. has been repaired D. was repaired 二、单句语法填空题（10 小题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 1. I ______ (write) a letter to my friend when my mother came in. 2. She ______ (live) in this city for five years before she moved to another place. 3. The bridge which ______ (build) last year connects two villages. 4. They ______ (already finish) their work by the time we arrived. 5. A new play ______ (put on) at the theater next week. 6. The book that I ______ (look for) for a long time was finally found in the library. 7. He ______ (not hear) from his friend since last month. 8. The classroom ______ (clean) every day by the students on duty. 9. We ______ (discuss) the problem when the teacher came in. 10. By the time I graduate from high school, I ______ (study) English for six years. 三、语篇语法填空题（10 小题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于 3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，使短文意思完整、通顺。 In our city, remarkable changes 1. __________ (take place) in recent years. The old industrial area, which was once filled with factories and smoke, 2. __________ (turn) into a modern and eco-friendly zone. A large park 3. __________ (construct) in the middle of this area two years ago. It has now become 4. __________ ideal place for local residents to relax. There is 5. __________ beautiful lake in the park, and around the lake are many trees and flowers. People can take a walk along the paths, enjoying the fresh air and beautiful scenery. The transportation system has also been improved greatly. 6. __________ addition to the existing bus routes, a new subway line 7. __________ (build) across the city, which connects different neighborhoods more conveniently. What's more, the local government has built several overpasses 8. __________ (reduce) traffic jams. The education here has seen positive changes too. A new high school 9. __________ (open) last year. The school not only has advanced teaching facilities but also employs excellent teachers. And it is located near a library, so students can go there easily 10. __________ they need to borrow books or study. · 真题感知 一、阅读理解 （2023·全国·高考真题）Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center. Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 1．Which of the four programs begins the earliest? A．Photography Workshops. B．Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. C．Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D．Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. 2．What is the short talk at Artist Point about? A．Works of famous artists. B．Protection of wild animals. C．Basic photography skills. D．History of the canyon area. 3．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A．Artist Point. B．Washburn Trailhead. C．Canyon Village Store. D．Visitor Education Center. 二、语法填空 （2023·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 4 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 5 (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 6 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. · 提升专练 一、语法填空 Passage 1 Li Ming: Hi, Lin Tao. How nice to see you on the first day of the new term! Lin Tao: Yes. Nice to see you again. Li Ming: I know that your parents 1 (work) in that city for about a year. Can you tell me something there after the earthquake? Lin Tao: Of course. Since the earthquake 2 (happen),many soldiers 3 (send)there,and many kinds of supplies(物资供应) 4 (carry)there from all over the country. Now, most people there 5 (live)a happy life again. Li Ming: How about the schools there? Lin Tao: Several new schools 6 (set up)and also some schools which 7 (damage) in the earthquake 8 (rebuild).So all the students can go back to school to study now. Li Ming: That’s wonderful. I’m sure their life will be better and better. When will your parents come back? Lin Tao: They will be back next month. Passage 2 There are moments in life 1 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 2 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 3 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 4 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 5 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 6 (happy) people don't 7 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 8 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 9 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 10 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Do you know how 1 is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons （神经元）in our brains. 2 (put) simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that 3 we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about 4 we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes 5 (far)：mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people. Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Recently, researchers   6 (find) that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that 7 they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered 8 when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball). Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully 9 (function). However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders． Research does mirror that neurons seem to provide us with even more information concerning how humans behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge 10 (cough) in the cinema when someone else does-well, perhaps you’ll understand why． 二、书信写作 假设你是明启中学的高二学生李华。你家所在的社区图书馆正在招募暑期志愿者。你对此很感兴趣，希望能在高二寒假里有一份难忘的经历。写一封申请信给图书馆的负责人，内容包括： 1.你希望申请这份工作： 2.你申请的理由(可以从能力，经验，个性等方面阐述) Dear Sir/Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$