专题02 冠词和代词（课件）-【上好课】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲练测（新高考通用）

2025高考复习 02 冠词和代词 2025年高考二轮复习讲练测 专 题 目录 CONTENTS 01 考情透视·目标导航 02 知识导图·思维引航 03 考点突破·考向探究 04 拓展提升·新题精练 六大考向，真题研析+核心精讲+命题预测 紧扣新风向，设题新语境，聚焦重难点 01 考情透视·目标导航 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考查短语中的冠词 熟练掌握常考 含有冠词的短语 61.for the first time 63.a touch of 48.all the way 考查句型中的冠词 熟练掌握常考 含有冠词的固定句型 64.one...the other 57.three times the size of ... 熟练掌握 熟练掌握 2024·新高考I卷 2023·新高考I卷 2024年1月浙江卷 2022·新高考I卷 2021·全国甲卷 考情透视·目标导航 4 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考查 定冠词 表特指 掌握 定冠词的基本用法 59.the 65.the 57.The 59.the 考查 不定冠词 表示泛指 掌握 不定冠词的基本用法 64.A 63.a 熟练掌握 熟练掌握 2023·新高考II卷 2023年1月浙江卷 2022·全国甲卷 2020年1月浙江卷 2022·新高考II卷 2022年1月浙江卷 考情透视·目标导航 5 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考查 抽象名词具体化 中的冠词 注意 特殊不定冠词的用法 65.a 考查 代词的 句法功能 根据代词在句中作的成分判断代词的格 her--she they--them 熟练掌握 熟练掌握 2021新课标I 2022·全国甲卷改编 2022·全国乙卷改编 考情透视·目标导航 6 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考查 代词的 词形转换 掌握代词的 各种变化形式 46.its 65.ones their mine 熟练掌握 2024·全国甲卷 2024年1月浙江卷 2023 · 新高考Ⅰ卷 2021年新高考I卷 考情透视·目标导航 7 从近三年高考试题来看，试题主要以语法填空的形式命题，题目中等偏易，以考查学生对有关冠词表示特指、泛指、名短语中的冠词及抽象名词具体化中的冠词，代词主要考查代词的句法功能、代词的各种形式、代词it的相关句型。冠词是常考点，代词是轮考点。 预计在2025年高考中，有可能以语法填空的形式考查冠词和代词，冠词的出现的几率较大。 考情透视·目标导航 8 02 知识导图·思维引航 知识导图·思维引航 10 知识导图·思维引航 11 03 考点突破·考向探究 考点一 考查短语中的冠词 【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61 first time. the 考查冠词 固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。 at the same time、on the contrary、to tell the truth、in the distance、make the most/best of、in the middle of、on the spot 考点突破·考法探究 14 易错提醒 一些易错固定搭配中的不定冠词： 如：a waste of 浪费……；a touch of “一点儿;少许”；be at a loss不知所措 eat at a mouthful 一口吃下one(two, three....)at a time一次一个（两个，三个......） 一些易错固定搭配中的定冠词： 如：in the air在传播中，on the whole大体上，by the way顺便提一下，to tell the truth老实说。 考点突破·考法探究 15 1. 高频短语中的不定冠词 【高频再现】 不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如catch a cold、have a fever、all of a sudden、as a matter of fact、as a result、have a gift for、make a living、have/take a rest、give sb a lift、have a good knowledge of、a handful of 等。 考点突破·考法探究 16 2. 高频短语中的定冠词 【高频再现】 ①定冠词用在固定搭配中，如at the same time、on the contrary、to tell the truth、in the distance、make the most/best of、in the middle of、on the spot等。 ②动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。 考点突破·考法探究 17 考点二 考查句型中的冠词 考查冠词 【典例】（2024年1月浙江高考真题）Then, when you use one section, 64 other stays fresh. the the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。 ①主语+be+the size/length/width/height+of+被比较的对象 ②主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of/between... ③ 主语+be+the+形容词或副词最高级 ④ one of+the+形容词或副词最高级 ⑤one... the other ...一个，另一个 考点突破·考法探究 19 常考的固定句型中的冠词 ①主语+be+the size/length/width/height+of+被比较的对象 Our building is twice the height of yours. 我们的大楼是你们的大楼的两倍高。 ②主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of/between... He is the taller of the two. 他是两人之中较高的那个。 ③ 主语+be+the+形容词或副词最高级 Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。 ④ one of+the+形容词或副词最高级 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河之一。 ⑤one... the other ...一个，另一个 考点突破·考法探究 20 考点三 考查定冠词表特指 【典例】（2023年新高考II卷）Not the pandas, even though 　　59　　 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 考查冠词 the 空后名词language为可数名词,根据后面used for the medical training instructions可知,此处language表示特指,故本空应用定冠词the。 1.根据语境判断定冠词表示特指（特指具体说就是指具体存在的东西，我们看得见的东西）； 2. 分析句子结构，发现空后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑用定冠词the。 考点突破·考法探究 22 定冠词表特指的用法 ①用于特指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。 When I passed the station this morning, I saw an accident. ②用于复述上文已经提到的人或事物。 I applied for a university in the USA. The university enjoys a good reputation. ③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或发明创造的名词前。 The sun is much larger than the earth.太阳比地球大的多。 ④用于表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前。 He started to play the piano at five.他五岁开始学习弹钢琴。 考点突破·考法探究 23 常考的固定句型中的冠词 【高频再现】 ①用于姓氏的复数前表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。 The Smiths are watching TV now.史密斯一家正在看电视。 ②用于形容词前表示一类人。 the rich, the poor, the old, the Chinese, the wounded, the injured, the disabled。 ③用于序数词或形容词的最高级前面。 The first thing you should do is to think it over and over again.你首先要做的事情是再三考虑一下。 考点突破·考法探究 24 考点四 考查不定冠词表示泛指 【典例】（2022年全国甲卷） 64 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 考查冠词 A 此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，用a，注意首字母大写。故填A。 1.根据语境判断不定冠词表示泛指：（常考点） (1)不定冠词与单数名词连用，泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。 (2)用于某人或某物的名字前，指与其具有相同特性的人或物。 (3)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。 2. 不定冠词a/an分析句子结构，发现空后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑用不定冠词a/an。 考点突破·考法探究 26 不定冠词表泛指的用法 ①不定冠词与单数名词连用，泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。 ②用于表示价格、速度、比率、时间、重量、长度等的单位名词前，表示“每一”，相当于every，each或per。 ③表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时，加a或an。 ①序数词前加a或an表示“又一”，“再一”。 ②用于某人或某物的名字前，指与其具有相同特性的人或物。 考点突破·考法探究 27 考点五 考查 抽象名词具体化中的冠词 【典例】（2021新课标I卷）While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 　 65 　 must to visit! 考查冠词 a 泛指一件必须的事情,所以用不定冠词,故填a. ①所有学生都知道must是情态动词，意为：必须。但有些学生不知道其用作名词时，意为：一件必须要做的事。 ②此处考查抽象名词具体化。 考点突破·考法探究 29 抽象名词具体化用法中的冠词 ①抽象名词具体化，使之具有了“一”的概念。 The house is full of joy. The little girl is a joy to her parents. (令人高兴的人或物) Failure is the mother of success. He is a success. （一个成功的人或物） He gave me a lot of pleasure. It is a pleasure to work with you. （一件令人愉快的事情） She looked up in surprise. What a great surprise you gave me. （一件令人惊讶的事情） 考点突破·考法探究 30 抽象名词具体化用法中的冠词 ②某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用，而变成具体化的名词。 I like coffee. Would you like a coffee? (一杯咖啡) I has just had lunch. I has just had a big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐) 考点突破·考法探究 31 考点六 考查代词的词形转换 【典例】(2021年新高考I卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 　 （I）. 考查代词 mine 根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。 名词性物主代词是较难的考点，使用名词性物主代词时，前面一定要有被指代的名词，只有这样才能使用名词性物主代词。 考点突破·考法探究 33 常考代词的形式 ① 人称代词 人称代词主格 I we you (你) you (你们) he she it they 人称代词宾格 me us you you him her it them ② 物主代词 形容词性物主代词 my our your (你的) your (你们的) his her its their 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 考点突破·考法探究 34 常考代词的形式 ③ 反身代词 ④ 与反身代词相对的短语 单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself oneself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 come to oneself 苏醒 by oneself 独自地 teach oneself 自学 devote oneself to 致力于…… of oneself 自动地 behave oneself 举止得体 help oneself to 自己取用…… for oneself 为自己 seat oneself 坐下 make oneself at home 不拘束 be oneself 身心自在 考点突破·考法探究 35 考点七 考查代词的句法功能 【典例】(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)________ (she) notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. Her 考查代词作定语 此处作定语修饰notice，应用形容词性物主代词。 当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。 考点突破·考法探究 37 代词句法功能 ①作主语：人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。 ②作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。 ③作定语：形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。 ④如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物，用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。 ⑤填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。 ⑥that、those、one作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。 考点突破·考法探究 38 考点八 考查代词it的用法 【典例】(2022·北京卷改编)________ is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. It 考查it作形式主语 此处it作形式主语不定式是真正的主语；句首单词首字母大写。 ①It＋be＋adj. ＋(for sb.) to do sth. ②It＋be＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth. ③It＋be＋n.(＋for sb./sth.)＋to do sth. ④It＋be＋adj./n.＋doing sth. ⑤It＋be＋n./adj.＋主语从句。 考点突破·考法探究 40 与it相关的句型 It's (about/high) time＋that-从句 某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时，有时也用“should＋动词原形”) It's the first/second... time＋that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事 It's＋时间段＋since-从句 自从……有多长时间了 It's＋时间段＋before-从句 过了多长时间才…… 考点突破·考法探究 41 it作形式主语的句型 ①It＋be＋adj. ＋(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。 ②It＋be＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。 ③It＋be＋n.(＋for sb./sth.)＋to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。 ④It＋be＋adj./n.＋doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。 ⑤It＋be＋n./adj.＋主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange＋that从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，且should可以省略。 考点突破·考法探究 42 it作形式宾语的情况 ①主语＋believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式/动名词/从句。 ②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。 考点突破·考法探究 43 通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it 然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)有like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。 (1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it； 我是解题小能手 (2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况，则用it； (3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it； (4)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句，此时需先用it作形式宾语， 考点突破·考法探究 44 考点九 考查代词it的用法 【典例】(2025·黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学期中)Helping others is a habit, that you can learn at an early age. one 考查代词 that you can learn at an early age是定语从句，修饰先行词，所以此处需要一个词去代替前面的habit，one做habit的同位语，故填one。 通过分析指代意义确定替代词 (1)若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that，若指代复数形式用those； (2)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one，若指代复数形式用ones。 考点突破·考法探究 46 指示代词用法 典型用法 典型示例 it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物 --Where's your car?--It's in the garage.--你的汽车在哪儿？--在车库里。 Start a new file and put this letter in it. 建立一个新档案，把这封信放进去。 that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词 The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。 those特指上文提到的复数名词 The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。 one泛指上文提到的可数名词，前有定语 I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一个新的。 I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too? 我想买吃苹果，你也要吗？ ones代替泛指的复数名词 Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。 the one特指上文提到的单数名词 This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。 Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。 the ones特指上文提到的复数名词 Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。 考点突破·考法探究 47 不定代词用法 典型用法 典型示例 each指两者或两者以上中每个 They each have their own email address. 他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。 both表示“两者都” Both his mother and his father will be there. 他父母二人都要去那里。 all指“(三者或三者以上)全部” All five men are hard workers. 五个人全都工作努力。 either表示“(两者中的)任何一个” You can park on either side of the street. 这条街两边都可停车。 neither表示“两者都不” Neither of my parents speaks a foreign language. 我的父母都不会说外语。 none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点” We have three sons but none of them live nearby. 我们有三个儿子，但他们都不住在附近。 nothing表示“没有任何东西” The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me. 医生说我什么毛病也没有。 another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一” Heavy rains  continued  another three days. 大雨持续了三天。 Would you like another drink? 还想喝一杯吗？ other泛指“其余的”，只作定语 Are there any other questions? 还有其他问题没有？ others“另一些” Don't expect others to read your mind.  不要期望别人能看出你的心思。 the other特指两者之中的另一个 He raised one arm and then the other. 他先举起一只手，然后举起另一只。 the others“剩余的一些” I walked back while the others rode in the car.  别人都乘车，而我是走回来的。 考点突破·考法探究 48 理清范围，看清句式，确定不定代词 (1)两者：二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both； (2)三者或三者以上：三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all； (3)其他：若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another；若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other；若表示“其余的，另外的”，在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数， 用others。 我是解题小能手 考点突破·考法探究 49 04 拓展提升·新题精练 1. 冠词综合运用指导 1.注意泛指还是特指 ①如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。 ②如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现，可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an；如果是前文已经提到过，可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”，一般填the。 ③如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。 拓展提升·新题精练 51 1. 冠词综合运用指导 2.注意固定搭配 例如：in charge of...负责……，in the charge of...由……负责；in front of在……前面(外部)，in the front of在……前面(内部)；in possession of...拥有……，in the possession of...为……所有；out of question毫无疑问，out of the question不可能；by sea乘船，by the sea在海边；at table在吃饭，at the table在桌旁。 拓展提升·新题精练 52 2. 代词综合运用指导 1．通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式 如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格；如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词；如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又和句子的主语为同一人或物，则用反身代词。 2．通过句式结构和“指代”，判断是否用it 如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it；如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to...＋it＋从句。 拓展提升·新题精练 53 （2025·安徽省五校高三期中联考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Peng Jingxuan plueks the strings of a guzheng, a zither-like instrument in the streets. 1 makes this street performance unusual is that it is held under the Eiffel Tower in Paris. In another French city, Strasbourg, Zhao Yang plays the pipa, a Chinese lute with four strings. They post videos of their street performances in France and receive praise from the viewers 2 response. They also share the videos on YouTube, 3 (attract) many foreign viewers from all over the world. Since she started performing in the streets in 2018, she 4 (feel) an increase of foreigners’ interest in Chinese culture. In order to spread Chinese culture, Zhao has studied the costumes and hairstyles of different dynasties to show the 5 (diverse) of Chinese culture. In addition, she wears sunglasses to create 6 unique look. “Many people think traditional Chinese culture is 7 (mystery) and quiet, but I want to show them that it has infinite possibilities and power,” she explained. With 8 (they) increasing popularity, the two women are continuing to come up with innovative ways to provide more special visual and auditory enjoyment to their audiences. Peng said, “I want Westerners to accept more diverse traditional Chinese instruments and to 9 (well) understand Chinese culture.” Zhao is adapting the works of some famous Chinese rock bands to combine modern Chinese rock music with the classical instrument. “Traditional Chinese culture has great vitality, 10 is entering a new era of bright prospects.” What in attracting has felt diversity a mysterious their better which （标黄题号为本专题考点） 拓展提升·新题精练 54 （2025·安徽省五校高三期中联考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Peng Jingxuan plueks the strings of a guzheng, a zither-like instrument in the streets. 1 makes this street performance unusual is that it is held under the Eiffel Tower in Paris. In another French city, Strasbourg, Zhao Yang plays the pipa, a Chinese lute with four strings. They post videos of their street performances in France and receive praise from the viewers 2 response. They also share the videos on YouTube, 3 (attract) many foreign viewers from all over the world. Since she started performing in the streets in 2018, she 4 (feel) an increase of foreigners’ interest in Chinese culture. In order to spread Chinese culture, Zhao has studied the costumes and hairstyles of different dynasties to show the 5 (diverse) of Chinese culture. In addition, she wears sunglasses to create 6 unique look. “Many people think traditional Chinese culture is 7 (mystery) and quiet, but I want to show them that it has infinite possibilities and power,” she explained. With 8 (they) increasing popularity, the two women are continuing to come up with innovative ways to provide more special visual and auditory enjoyment to their audiences. Peng said, “I want Westerners to accept more diverse traditional Chinese instruments and to 9 (well) understand Chinese culture.” Zhao is adapting the works of some famous Chinese rock bands to combine modern Chinese rock music with the classical instrument. “Traditional Chinese culture has great vitality, 10 is entering a new era of bright prospects.” 主语从句 介词 非谓语动词 现在完成时 名词 冠词 形容词 物主代词 比较级 定语从句 考点分析 语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与社会 话题：传播中国文化的事迹 拓展提升·新题精练 55 （2025·安徽省五校高三期中联考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Peng Jingxuan plueks the strings of a guzheng, a zither-like instrument in the streets. 1 makes this street performance unusual is that it is held under the Eiffel Tower in Paris. In another French city, Strasbourg, Zhao Yang plays the pipa, a Chinese lute with four strings. They post videos of their street performances in France and receive praise from the viewers 2 response. They also share the videos on YouTube, 3 (attract) many foreign viewers from all over the world. Since she started performing in the streets in 2018, she 4 (feel) an increase of foreigners’ interest in Chinese culture. In order to spread Chinese culture, Zhao has studied the costumes and hairstyles of different dynasties to show the 5 (diverse) of Chinese culture. In addition, she wears sunglasses to create 6 unique look. “Many people think traditional Chinese culture is 7 (mystery) and quiet, but I want to show them that it has infinite possibilities and power,” she explained. With 8 (they) increasing popularity, the two women are continuing to come up with innovative ways to provide more special visual and auditory enjoyment to their audiences. Peng said, “I want Westerners to accept more diverse traditional Chinese instruments and to 9 (well) understand Chinese culture.” Zhao is adapting the works of some famous Chinese rock bands to combine modern Chinese rock music with the classical instrument. “Traditional Chinese culture has great vitality, 10 is entering a new era of bright prospects.” What in attracting has felt diversity a mysterious their better which in response“作为回应” 现在分词作状语 描述过去动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时 副词的比较级形式better，修饰动词understand 修饰名词用形容词性物主代词 不定冠词表泛指 引导非限制性定语从句 拓展提升·新题精练 56 2025高考复习 2025年高考二轮复习讲练测 谢谢 聆听 $$