4.教材基础知识精讲练 八年级下册(教师用书)-【加速度中考】2025年陕西中考备考加速度英语课堂精讲本

八年级下册 课时12 Units 1 ~2 ◆课前检测：请先完成《词汇分阶情境练》P51~53的[教材词汇拓展练]。 李教材核心分点过 考点刀mean的用法 mean doing sth.“意味若做某 1.)If you are having group work,remember 事”，其十诱通常是表示事 “Managing well means communicating 物的词 communicate)well."This means mean) mncall mean to do sth.“打算做某事” 飞意思是； 其主语酒常是衣示人的名词或 that good communication will help manage the whole 打算：意欲： 代词 group. 意味若 If you mean to make (make)the group mean+tht从表示 work go smoothly,you need to share your ideas while listening to others. 考点2 imagine的用法 imagine sth.想象某事 2.Peter is a ten-year-old boy in Ian McEwan's book The Daydreamer.His mind is full of colorful inagine sb./sth.(as)+n. imagine 想象某人某事成为… imagination (imagine）. He imagines 以想象： 设想 imagine (sh.)doing sth. himself (he)as his baby brother,experiencing 想象（某人）做某事 a baby's day.He also imagines changing imagine+-that从句想象…。 change)into his cat. 考点③辨析Iie与lay 单词词性 含义 过去式过去分词 现在分词 3.)Little Red Riding Hood walked into her 躺：位于 lay lain lying grandma's room.She laid (lay)the basket of 么 lie 说谎 lied lied lying cakes on the table and came near to her grandma. n. 谎言 / “Grandma'”was lying_(lie）on the bed..“Oh, 放置； grandma,what big ears you have！”Little Red lay laid laid laying 下蛋 Riding Hood said."All the better to hear you with, 一言辨异 my dear,the wolf lied (lie). The man lying there lied to his wife that he laid 4.原创那个人撒了谎，他说他的鸡下了一颗 the money on the table.躺在那里的那个人对他的 金蛋。 妻子微谎说他把钱放在桌子上了。 The man told a lie that his hen laid a golden egg. 40 考点④辨析be/get used to doing sth.,used to do sth.与be used to do sth. 词组 名义 用法 5 be used to get used to used to be/get used to 习惯于 主语是人，o是介词，后 原创)The old man,Santiago,gets used to doing sth. 做某事 接名词、代词或动名词 living a simple life.He used to catch big fish, 过去常常 只用于过去时态，to是不 but now he goes back without any.A boy waits for used to do sth. 做某事 定式符号，后接动词原形 him at the beach every day,helping him to carry 主语是物，o是不定式 harpoons and other things.A harpoon is a tool that be used to do 被用来 符号，表目的，与be used is used to catch large fish. sth. 做某事 for doing sth.同义 考点⑤辨析lonely与alone 单词 词性及含义 用法 lonely alone 强调心灵上的孤单和寂 My grandfather lives alone in the ad攻.孤独的： 寞，感情色彩浓厚，在句 countryside.His lonely farmhouse is near a 寂寞的 lonely 中可作定语和表语 forest. Although he is alone,he never feels a.偏僻的： 修饰地点名词，在句中只 lonely He always says proudly that all animals 荒凉的 能作定语 in the forest are his friends. 强调无人陪伴，只陈述 7.生活在荒凉的岛屿上会很孤独。 ad.单独的： 个客观事实，不带感情色 Living on a lonely island can be very lonely. 独自的 彩，在句中作表语 8.“让我一个人静静，”她说，“我想独自一人看书。” alone “Leave me alone,”she said,“I want to read 用在实义动词后，相当于 ad血.独自：单独 books by by oneself,在句中作状语 myself.” 考点⑥询问病情或遇到麻烦时的句型 询问病情或遇到麻烦时的句型有： 9.李明和他妹妹都感冒了。 Whal's wrong with sb..☒ Both Li Ming and his sister have colds. What's up with sh.? What happened to sb.? 10.他爸爸头痛很严重。 某人怎么了 His father has a bad headache What's the maller/ (Is there)Anything problemn with sb.? wrong with sb.? 11.西蒙踢球时伤到了自己 What's the trouble with sh.? Simon hurt himself when he played football. 回答病情或遇到麻烦时的句型有： 12.陈梅的腿有点问题，所以她不能走路。 l.sb.+have/has+a+cold/fever/..某人感 There is something wrong with Chen Mei's legs, 冒/发烧/…了。 so she can't walk. 2.sb.+have/has+a+身体部位-ache.某人 13.彼得今天没来上学，因为他发烧了。 …疼。 Peter was absent from school today because he 3.sb.+hut/hurts+one's+身体部位.某人的 had a fever. 41 …受伤了。 14.A:What's wrong with you/What's the matter/ 4.There is something wrong with+one's+身体 …? 部位.。某人的…有问题。 B:I have a stomachache. 拓展 15.A:I have a toothache.It hurts so bad that I can hardly 听到某人身体不好时，通常要回答“I'm sorry to bear(忍受)iL. hear that.”或其省略形式“Sorry to hear that.”。 B:(I'm)Sorry to hear that. 语法链接 1.情态动词(should/shouldn'/could)表建议（见本书 3.动词不定式作宾语、状语和宾语补足语（见本书P124) P87) 4.动词短语（见本书P85) 2.反身代词（见本书96） 李主题阅读素养练 主题范畴：人与自我（生活与学习） 语篇新类型：日记 April 20,2025,Sunday Cloudy It was a normal morning and my parents went to work as usual.I was left at home with my little brothers Bill and Steven.Suddenly,Bill shouted that Steven was choking() I remembered a first-aid video I'd seen,showing what to do if a little one is choking.I decided to have a try accordingly.I leaned(Steven over my arm and started hitting him on the back,between his shoulder blades().My heart was in my mouth,but I was trying to keep calm'because Bill was watching.I phoned 120.I continued to give Steven back blows while I was speaking to the operator".The operator told me that I was doing the right thing and to continue doing it.Finally, Steven coughed up a piece of apple and started breathing again. When the hospital workers arrived,they took Steven to the hospital for a full check by the doctors.After they had examined him carefully,they said he was fine.They told me if I hadn't acted quickly or if I hadn't known what to do,we wouldn't have taken him home today. If I hadn't watched that video,my brother would have been in a bad situation.I was so happy because what I learned was in practice. *The word "calm"in the text means not excited,nervous or upset. *An operator is a person who works on the telephone. 1.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably means that A. A.the writer was so scared B.the writer was really angry C.the writer had a heart problem D.the writer was also chocked 2.新考法·a节诽序Which of the following is the correet order of the writer''said?B a.Made Steven lean over her arm. b.Gave Steven back blows. c.Hit Steven on the back. d.Phoned 120. A.abdc B.acdb C.deab D.dbac 3.From this diary,we can learn that B. A.it's helpful to watch videos online B.it's important to learn the first-aid skills C.it's unnecessary to phone 120 after the aid D.it's dangerous to leave children at home alone 请完成《情境作业本》(P26~28)中的练习题 42 话题写作·志愿服务 典例副面[2024准安改编] 假如你是李华，你所在的阳光社区将于下个月开放社区图书馆，现面向全社区招募志愿者。请根 据表格提示中的要点，用英语写一封自荐信。 你的优势 热爱阅读，乐于助人，做事细心、负责任(be careful and responsible) 工作设想 鼓励居民多读书(encourage residents to read more books),每周推荐一本好书，… 志愿工作的意义 从对他人和对自己两方面进行闸述 参考词汇：voluntary work(志愿工作)，resident(n.居民)，reading experiences, 要求：1.参考表格提示内容，选择使用参考词汇，可适当发挥： 2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整： 3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）： 4.词数：不少于70。（开头和结尾已给出，但不计人总词数。） Dear Sir/Madam, My name is Li Hua.I'm writing to recommend myself to be the volunteer of the library in our community. I will be thankful if I get the chance. 速度碧 Best wishes, Li Hua 第一步：申题立意定基调 1.文体：应用文 2.人称：第一人称 3.时态：一般现在时、一般将来时 4.主题：关于志愿工作的自荐信 第二步：谋篇布局成框架 My name is/I am...I'm writing to 开篇：介绍心信 rccommend myself to be the voluntcer 的月的 of the library in our community. 关于志愿工 作的自荐信 正文：介绍白已的优 I have some advantages for this 势和作没想！ volunteer work.I will...I plan to... 结尾：介绍工 I believe that doing voluntary work 作的意义 is...I will be thankful... 43 第三步：语篇润色成佳作 衔接成篇 润色升华 Dear Sir/Madam, My name is Li Hua.I'm writing to recommend myself to be the ①尝试用“try one's best'”短语改写： volunteer of the library in our community. If I am lucky enough to be a I have some advantages for this volunteer work.I love reading and I am volunteer,I will try my best to do the always willing to help others.I am also careful and responsible in my work. following things. DIf I am lucky enough to be a volunteer,I will try to do the following ②尝试用“where”引导的定语从句 things.I will organize reading activities to encourage residents to read 改写： more books.I will recommend a good book every week to interest people I also plan to set up a reading corner in reading. where residents can share their I also plan to set up a reading corner to let residents share their reading reading experiences. experiences. ③尝试用“not only..but also..”句型 I believe that doing voluntary work is very meaningful.It can help 改写： others improve their reading skills and enrich my own life. It can not only help others improve I will be thankful if I get the chance. their reading skills but also enrich my Best wishes. own life. Li Hua 实战演练 假如你是学生会主席李华，为了帮助贫困地区的人们，下周五学校将组织以“友爱、互助”为主题的 慈善捐助活动(charity activity)。请你根据以下表格中的提示内容，用英语给你们学校的外国交换生写 一则通知，号召大家踊跃参加。 A Charity Activity Time 8:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.next Friday Place in the school hall For whom people in poor villages Things you can give away old clothes,books,money,... 要求：1.参考表格提示内容，可适当发挥： 2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； 3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）： 4.词数：不少于70。（开头和结尾已给出，但不计人总词数。） Notice Dear students, In order to help those people in some poor villages,we're going to hold a charity activity.The activity will be held from 8:00 a.m.to 5:00 p.m.next Friday.And you can donate things in the school hall on that day.I think it would be great for you to give away your old clothes,books and even some money to the poor children and old people who are in need.It will be a meaningful activity because we will do what we can to help others. Welcome to join us. Students'Union May 24 44 课时13 Units 3~4 ◆课前检测：请先完成《词汇分阶情境练》P54~56的[教材词汇拓展练]。 云教材核心分点过 考点刀allow的用法 llow+n.prun.允许诈… 1.We have many rules at home.First,we don't allow smoking (smoke)at home.Second, allow allow.todosth.允许某人做某中 允许： children are not allowed (allow)to stay out late. 准许 allow doing sth.允许做某宇 Third,we allow children to watch (watch)TV be (not)ullowed to do sth. and play video games for only four hours a week. (不)被允许做某事 Fourth,everyone should be allowed to have enough time to read (read). 考点2 compare的用法 词组 含义及用法 用法图示 2 with to “把…和…比 compare In Shakespeare's Sonnet 18,the poet compare... 较”，常表示同类 with... compares a young man to a summer's day.He 相比 also compares the short lives of living things with the eternal(永恒的)life of the character compare... “把…比作…” in the poem. 常表示异类相比 to 3.原训李白在他的诗中将月光比作霜。 Li Bai compared the moonlight to frost in his 考点3辨析borrow,lend与keep 单词 含义 用法 4.原 lend return borrow keep 表示主语向某人借东西。 A:Hey,Li Na!May I borrow your Chinese borrow 借：借用 常用搭配：borrow sth. dictionary? from sb.) B:Sure.Here you are. 表示主语把东西借给某人。 A:Thanks! lend 借给；借出 常用搭配：lend sb..sth.= B:Well,I can also lend you my Chinese lend sth.to sb. magazines if you need them. 常与一段时间连用，用how A:Wow,that would help a lot.How long may I keep 留着：不退还 long提问 keep them? B:You don't need to return them until you finish them. 45 考点④辨析instead与instead of 词（组） 含义 用法 5 instead instead of 代替： 修饰整个句子，位于 原创Mulan's father was too old to go to war,so instead 反而：却 句首或句末 Mulan decided to pretend to be a man to join the army 通常位于句中，后接 instead of 代替：而不是 instead.Many years later,the battle ended. 名词、代词或动名词 Instead of failing in the battle,she went back home successfully. 考点⑤Why don'tyou.?句型 Why don't you do sth.?用来提出建议，意为6.A:Why didn't you tell your mother/.? “你为什么不做某事呢？”相当于“Why not B:I did tell my mother about the matter,but she do sth.?” said it was not a big deal. 常用答语： 7.A:Why don't you ask him for a walk? 表示赞同：Good idea./That sounds good/ B:That's a good idea/Sounds great/....We great./... can go to the park nearby. 8.你为什么不马上打扫你的房间呢？ 表示不赞同：Soy,I'm afraid not./don't Why not Why don't you clean up your room think it's a good idea./... at once? 语法接 1.情态动词could表示礼貌请求或允许（见本书P87) 3.连i词(until,so that和although)(见本书PI08) 2.Why don'tyou.?句型（见本书P46) 主题阅读素养练 2024河南改编 主题范畴：人与社会（社会服务与人际沟通】 语篇类型：记叙文（人物故事） Last night,Frank had a dream about the coming math test,which troubled him very much these days.So he felt bad when he woke up. Uncle Robin once told Frank about "white noise"-the noise made by a fan or soft rain is headphones an example of white noise.Frank had tried it and it really worked!After that,whenever Frank felt I B about something,he would listen to white noise with his headphones. With the thoughts of the math test still in his mind,Frank went to get his headphones.He 2 D he had left them on his desk,but they were gone.His little brother Andy was always taking his things-without 3 B.He ran into his brother's room 4 A started shouting at him in anger."Where are my headphones?You can't just take my things!Or I'll take yours!"He grabbed()one of his brother's toys and 5 C it on the ground,breaking it into two pieces.Andy started to ery,and Frank stormed out, feeling better. Frank's mom heard the shouting and went into Andy's room."Hey,"she said 6 C,"stop for a second and tell me what happened."Mom never shouted.She thought it was better to 7 D feelings instead of getting angry. 46 "He always does this,Mom!"Frank shouted."I'll have a math test...and...and I had a bad dream ...,Frank 8 B shouting.In a calm'voice,he said,"I know what I did was bad.I'm sorry,Andy.I really get mad when you take things without asking,but breaking your toy wasn't 9 A.I will buy you a new one." Frank's mom said,"Well done,Frank.And,Andy,ask first next 10 A,OK?" “OK,m sorry too,”said Andy and they all smiled. The word "calm"in the text means not excited,nervous or upset. 1.A.relaxed B.worried C.angry D.comfortable 2.A.expected B.discovered C.deeided D.remembered 3.A.speaking B.asking C.moving D.learning 4.A.and B.but C.or D.so 5.A.tied B.burnt C.threw D.placed 6.A.sadly B.shyly C.softly D.bravely 7.A.dream of B.shout at C.fall from D.talk about 8.A.kept B.stopped C.enjoyed D.practiced 9.A.right B.easy C.enough D.crazy 10.A.time B.room C.chance D.step 一材多练 1.What troubled Frank these days?D A.Bad dreams at night. B.Losing his private things. C.Too much schoolwork. D.A coming math test. 2.What might be a white noise? A.The sound made by rain. B.The sound of the piano. C.The sound made by cars. D.The sound of a crying baby. 3.新考法·推斯入物济储支Which of the following shows the changes of Frank's feelings?C 章请完成《情境作业本》(P29~31)中的练习题 47 话题写作·人际交往 典例制所 假如你是李华，以下是你的英国笔友Mke发来的电子邮件。请给他回复邮件，回答他所关心的 问题。 TO lihua@mail.com SUBJECT teamwork Dear Li Hua, How are you doing?I'm busy making a model spaceship in a group of four.However,my group find it hard to work as a team.Sometimes,we have different ideas and can't agree with each other.Have you met any problems when you do group work?How did you deal with the problem?And what do you think of teamwork？ Looking forward to your reply. Mike 要求：1.参考提示内容，可适当发挥 2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整： 3.邮件中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）： 4.词数：不少于70。（开头和结尾已给出，但不计人总词数。） Dear Mike, Thank you for your e-mail!I'm sorry to hear that you have a hard time working as a team. Good luck! Li Hua 第一步：审题立意定基调 1.文体：应用文 2.人称：第一人称 3.时态：一般现在时 4.主题：团队合作 第二步：谋篇布局成框架 开篇：点明主题， 引出下文 I'm sorry to hear that... We should first respect each other... 团队合作 正文：具体说明在述队中 Then,write down all the ideas...analyee 逃到问题时的处理方式 their advantages and disadvantages... Finally.we can vote to make a linal decision... 结尾：发表观点 .teamwork is very important. 48 第三步：语篇润色成佳作 衔接成篇 润色升华 Dear Mike, Thank you for your e-mail!I'm sorry to hear that you have a ①尝试用“when”引导的时间状语从句改写： hard time working as a team. When we have different ideas in a group,it's I have met similar situations before.1If we have different very important that we should first respect ideas in a group,it's very important that we should first respeet each other. each other.Then,we can write down all the ideas on a piece of ②尝试用“not only..but also..”句式改写： paper and analyze their advantages and disadvantages carefully. It not only gives us a great chance to learn Finally,we can vote to make a final decision. from each other but also makes us grow I think teamwork is very important.OIt gives us a great together. chance to learn from each other and makes us grow together. Through working together,we can put together our own strengths and resources,so we can achieve much more than we could alone. Good luck! Li Hua 实战演练 沟通，不仅仅是交流信息，更是互通心灵。某英文网站正在开展以“学会沟通”为主题的征文活动。 假如你是李华，请你根据以下图示信息并结合自身的经历写一篇英文短文投稿。 A wonderful expcrienee: The ways that you make good communications: The most useful skill 要求：1.参考提示内容，可适当发挥； 2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整： 3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）： 4.词数：不少于70。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。） It's important to learn to communicate well with others.I think the most useful skill to communicate better is to respect others. Last year I went travelling with my good friend.When I made the plan,he disagreed.We argued about it because I thought he should follow my advice.Later,I thought about it and realized that his advice was actually pretty good.We should respect each other.I said sorry to him and then we had a good trip. In my opinion,everyone should learn how to get on well with others.We should learn to listen to and understand others.We should also respeet others politely. 49