专题03 重点语法归纳-2024-2025学年九年级英语上学期期末复习（仁爱科普版）

重点语法归纳 目录 一．现在完成时 1 1.基本结构 2 2.辨析:have/has gone to、 have/has been to 和have/has been in(at) 2 3.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 3 现在完成时专练 3 重点时态综合训练 4 二．不定代词 5 1.复合不定代词的构成 5 2.复合不定代词的用法 5 3.复合不定代词的转换 5 二、不定代词的用法 6 1.other, the other, others, the others, another 6 2.it, one 6 3.no one, none 7 4.little, a little, few, a few 7 5.every, each 8 不定代词专练 8 三．副词 9 四．连词 9 一、并列连词 9 二、从属连词 10 连词专练 11 五．被动语态 12 各种时态的被动语态的构成 13 被动语态的用法 13 含有情态动词的被动语态 13 被动语态中的复合结构 13 被动语态的高频句式 14 不使用被动语态的情形 14 被动语态专练 14 六．常考时态的综合运用 15 七．定语从句 16 定语从句的结构 16 定语从句的引导词 17 定语从句的引导词辨析 17 定语从句专练 18 一．现在完成时 1.基本结构 主语+have/has+done(动词的过去分词) 常见 时间 状语 already、 just、 never、 yet、 before、 so far、 recently、 lately、 for+时间段、since+时间点以及since引导的时间状语从句等 高频 考点 ①“for+时间段”与“since+时间点”作时间状语;②延续性动词与短暂性动词:短暂性动词(肯定式)不能和表示一段时间的状语,如for two years、 since five years ago、 since he came here等连用。但短暂性动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词或短语与一段时间连用。转换成延续性动词,如buy-have、borrow-keep、come(go)-be等。转换成“be+名词”的形式,如join the army-be a soldier、join the party-be a party member。转换成“be+形容词(副词)”的形式,如die-be dead、open-be open、close-be closed、fall asleep-be asleep、leave-be away、finish-be over等。转换成“be+介词短语”的形式,如join the army-be in the army、go to school-be in school等。③对have (has) gone to、 have (has) been to、 have (has) been in(at)的考查 2.辨析:have/has gone to、 have/has been to 和have/has been in(at) have/has gone to “已经去某地了”(表示去了某地,现在人不在这儿),暗示“此刻已经在去某地的途中或已到达了某地” have/has been to “到过/去过某地”(表示过去/曾经去过某地现在已经返回),常与once、 twice、 three times等词连用 have/has been in (at) “在某地待了多久”(强调一直待在某地),常和how long一起构成“在某地待了多久”的疑问句,也常与since或for等词引导的句子或短语连用 have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in(at) 三个词组后接副词(here、 there等)时,短语后均不带介词。 3.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 　　一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系,它可以和yesterday、last night、three weeks ago、in 1990等表示过去的时间状语连用。 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如: I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。(我了解这部电影的内容。) I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影。(只说明上星期看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况。) He has lived here since 1992.1992年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里。) He lived here in 1992.1992年他住在这里。(不涉及他现在是否还住在这里。) 现在完成时专练 1. The Browns Fuzhou for five years. A. has been in B. have been in C. have been to D. has gone to 2. --- Where John ? --- To the library. He there for an hour. A. has, been; has gone B. has, gone; has been C. did, go; went D. did, be; went 3. He the fourth floor and now he is on the fourth floor. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been 4. --- He to draw horses already. --- When he? --- Last year. A. learned…has B. learned; did C. has learned…has D. has learned; did 5. 我甚至之前从来没有去过那儿。 6. The large population of China many difficulties so far. For example, many farmers have no farmland to grow crops on. (cause) 7. She and I friends since we were very young.      A. have made      B. have become    C. have been      D. have turned  8. Tom’s grandparents London for at least two years. A. had left B. has gone away C. has been away from D. had been away from 9. My grandmother has already been (die) from a car accident. 10. My grandmother has already (die) from a car accident. 11. You me waiting for you since two hours ago. Where you stay five minutes ago? A. kept…did B. have kept…did C. kept…have been D. have kept…have been 1-4：BBBD 5. I have never been there before. 6. has caused 7-8: CC 9. dead10. died 11. B 重点时态综合训练 一.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．A serious car accident happened(happen) in this street last Sunday. 2．—What will the weather be like this coming Saturday? —I hope it  will be(be) a fine day for our picnic! I can't wait! 3．—Do you like junk food，Linda? —That's my favorite.The more junk food I have(have)，the happier I will be(be)． 4．—What did your mother say about this? —She said(say) that she would try(try) her best to help me with my English next term. 5．—Don't get off the bus until it stops(stop)，Tom. —I won't，Dad.Don't worry about me. 6．—Is your father a doctor? —Yes，he is.He works(work) in the Children's Hospital. 7．—I called you yesterday evening，but there was no answer. —Oh，I'm sorry.I was having(have) dinner at my friend's house  at that time. 8．—Is this jacket yours，Linda? —No，I think it belongs(belong) to Maria.She has a red one. 9．Bill is a good student.He always finishes(finish) his homework on time. 10．I  haven't read(not read) the book Little Women yet，but I'll let you read it first. 11．A talk on science will be given(give) in our school next Sunday. 12．The letter is written(write) in Japanese.Can you read it for me? 13．Chinese is spoken(speak) by more and more people in the world now. 14．The magazines must be returned (must return) to the library in two weeks. 15．—What kind of rice do you think is the best to eat? —I like to eat the rice that is grown(grow) in the south of China. 16．Something must be done(do) to make our city a better place to live in. 17．Three patients have been operated(operate) on by the famous doctor in the past 10 hours. 18．We are told(tell) not to play computer games at school. 19．The little boy was often seen to read(read) books by the lake after school. 20．The phone  was invented(invent) by Bell.He is very great. 二.按要求完成句子，每空一词。 21．I have just learned five hundred English words.(改为一般疑问句) Have you just  learned five hundred English words? 22．They built a new park in our city last year.(改为被动语态) A new park was built in our city last year. 23．People used radios to learn English in the past.(改为被动语态) Radios were used to learn English in the past. 24．You can bring your friends to my birthday party tomorrow evening.(改为被动语态) Your friends can be brought to my birthday party tomorrow evening. 25．The students clean the classroom every day.(用now作时间状语改写句子) The students are cleaning  the classroom now. 二．不定代词 一、复合不定代词的用法 1.复合不定代词的构成 指人的复合不定代词一般是由some、any、every、no等加上-body/-one构成的。指物的复合不定代词一般是由some、any、every、no等加上-thing构成的。 2.复合不定代词的用法 (1)something、somebody、someone通常用于肯定句;anything、anybody、anyone常用于否定句和疑问句,但表示邀请、请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复时常用something、somebody、someone。复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如:Everything begins to grow in spring. 春天万物开始生长。 (2)复合不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词一般放在复合不定代词之后。例如: Is there anything new in today's newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么新东西吗?  (3)动词不定式、介词短语修饰复合不定代词时,须后置,作后置定语。例如: Could you give me something to eat? 你能给我一些吃的吗?  (4)复合不定代词与else 一词连用时,应注意else 必须置于复合不定代词之后。例如: There is nothing else in the bag. 包里没有别的东西了。  3.复合不定代词的转换 (1)anything一般用于否定句和疑问句;not...anything相当于nothing;nothing是否定词,不与否定词not连用。 (2)anybody一般用于否定句和疑问句,not...anybody相当于nobody。例如: There isn't anybody in the room./There is nobody in the room.房间里没有人。 everyone不可写成every one。everyone一般用来指人,相当于everybody,意为“人人,每人”。every one意为“每个”。everyone后面不能跟of短语,而every one后面可跟of短语,此时的every one可指人,也可指物。 二、不定代词的用法 1.other, the other, others, the others, another 词汇 含义 习惯搭配 备注 other 意为“另外的,其他的”,泛指“另一些人或物” other+复数名词=others 常起形容词作用,多修饰复数名词 the other 表示两个人或两个物中的另一个或另一部分,特指“两者中的另一个”;若把三者或三者以上的人或物分成两部分来叙述,则指“另外几个(或一些)” one...the other..., the other+名词 others 泛指“另一些(不是其余全部)” some...others... 只能作代词,该词不能指“其余全部的人或物” the others 特指范围内的“其余的人或物”或已知的人或物中“除……之外的其余的全部” some...the others... another 表示三个或更多的人或物中同类的另一个;特指多数中还没提及的“另一个;再一个” one...another... 该词还可表示“又;再”,放于数字前,如:another two weeks 2.it, one it 可以代替上文出现过的名词,但it通常代替上文所提事物本身,有特指作用,即同类同物。it既可代替可数名词单数,也可代替不可数名词 one 指代上文中出现的可数名词单数形式,使句子更简洁。one指代的名词与上文中出现的名词不是同一事物,而是同类事物中的另外一个,即同类异物 例如:My brother has a nice bag. I want to use it. 我哥哥(弟弟)有一个漂亮的书包。我想借用一下。(同类事物,且指同一个书包)  My brother has a nice bag. I want to buy one. 我哥哥(弟弟)有一个漂亮的书包。我想去买一个。(同类事物,但不是指同一个书包)  3.no one, none no one= nobody 意为“没有人”,只指代人,不指代物。一般不和of相连。当no one作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 none 意为“一个也没有”,既可用来代替人,表示“(三个以上)一个也没有”;也可用来代替物(可数与不可数皆可),表示“没有任何东西” 指“(三个或三个以上的人或物中)没有一个人或物”,常与of连用,表示全部否定。作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数 例如: None of the stories are/is interesting. 没有一个故事有意思。 I need some paper, but there is none left.(none=no paper)我需要一些纸,但这里一点也不剩了。 易错点用who提问的句子可以用no one或nobody来回答。用what提问的句子可以用nothing来回答。在简略回答中,none用来回答“How many...?/How much...?”引导的疑问句。 4.little, a little, few, a few 词汇 含义 用法 例句 little 很少的; 几乎没有 表示否定,修饰不可数名词。比较级为less,最高级为least,反义词是much (more, most) There is little milk in the glass. a little 一些, 一点, 少量 表示肯定,修饰不可数名词 There is a little water in my bottle. I can give you some. few 不多; 很少 表示否定,修饰可数名词的复数。比较级为fewer,最高级为fewest,反义词是many (more, most) Lily has few apples. a few 一些; 几个 表示肯定,修饰可数名词的复数 I'm going to buy a few bananas. 5.every, each every 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”,只能作定语。还可与not连用构成部分否定 each 用于两者或两者以上,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等,后面可以跟表示范围的of...结构。不可以与not连用 例如: Every boy in the room knows it. 房间里的每个男孩都知道它。 He has read every book (all the books) in the reading room. 他读完了阅览室里的每一本书。 Each answer is worth 20 points.每题为20分。 不定代词专练 1. --- Is there ________ with your bike? --- Yes, there is________ wrong, so have to go to school on foot. A. anything wrong; something B. wrong anything; something C. something wrong; anything D. wrong something; anything 2. ________ boy here likes football. Look, he has balls on ________ hands. A. Each; every B. Every; each C. Every; every D. Each; each 3. How many students are there in the classroom now? --- ________. They are having PE class on the playground. A. None B. No one C. No D Nobody 4. --- Who do you want to go with? --- ________. I prefer go there alone. A. None B. No C. Every D. Nobody 5. Not everyone ________ noise is also a kind of pollution. A. know B. knew C. will know D. knows 6. ________ my father and my mother teach in my class. ________ my classmates like them. A. Both; All B. Both; Both C. All; All D. All; Both 7. --- Mom, there are two apples, can I have ________ one? --- No, you can have ________ one because they are for your father. A. Either; not B. Either; Neither C. Neither; nor D. Neither; either 8. --- Are you free this weekend? --- ________ is free. I have to fly to Hong Kong for a meet. A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. All 9. --- I don’t like this pen. Can you show me ________ one? I’d like something special. --- OK. I will give you ________ pens. A. others; another B. other; another C. another; other D. another; the other 10. --- There is ________ salt. I will go and buy some. Shall I take some apples on my way home? --- OK, there is only ________. A. few; little B. a few; a little C. little; a few D. little; few 11. There is ________ water and ________ apples, I will go and buy some water. A. few; few B. little; a few C. little; few D. little; few 12.Whatever you do, ________ is difficult if you put your heart into it. A. Nothing B. anything C. something D. everything 1-5: ABADD 6-10: ABCCD 11-12: BA 三．副词 常见的易混副词 时间副词 ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow, once, soon 地点副词 here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside, somewhere 方式副词 carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously 程度副词 very, much, greatly, a bit, a little, so, almost, nearly, also, even, just, well 频度副词 always, often, usually, sometimes, never, seldom 疑问副词 where, when, why, how 关系副词 when, where, why 四．连词 一、并列连词 1.并列连词的分类 表示并列关系 and(then),both...and...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,as well as等 as well as表示“而且,也,又”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 表示转折关系 but,yet,while等 but不可与连词though或although一起使用。while着重强调上下文的一种对比关系 表示选择关系 or,either...or...,rather than...,would rather...than...等 either...or...的选择意义比单独的or强。rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致;rather than后接不定式时,也可不带to 表示因果关系 for, so 并列连词for一般不能放在句首,而应位于两句之间,表示附加说明或推断的理由 2.部分常见并列连词辨析 词汇 含义及用法 例句 and 意为“和,同”,表示并列或顺承关系。and连接的部分在数上一般是复数概念,用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 He and I are watching TV. This is Lily, and this is Kate. but 意为“但是,然而”,表示转折关系,用于连接具有转折关系的两个并列句 I like English, but I don't like math. or 意为“还是,或”,表示选择或条件关系。也可用于祈使句,“...,or...=If you don't..., you'll...”意为“请……,否则……”,有转折的含义 Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.=If you don't hurry up, you'll miss the train. so 意为“因此;所以”,表示因果关系。同一个句子里,so不与because连用 Monkeys are very clever, so we like them./Because monkeys are very clever, we like them. “祈使句+and/or+...”意为“请……,你会……/否则你会……”,相当于“If you do/don't..., you'll...”。例如: Work hard, or you'll fail the exam./If you don't work hard, you will fail the exam.努力学习,否则你会不及格的。 二、从属连词 时间状语从句的从属连词 when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till/until, as... 原因状语从句的从属连词 because, since, as... 条件状语从句的从属连词 if, unless, as long as... 目的状语从句的从属连词 so that, in order that... 让步状语从句的从属连词 although, though, even if, even though, whatever... 结果状语从句的从属连词 so that, so...that..., such...that... 1.对原因状语从句的考查要注意:在汉语中“因为……所以……”是成对出现的,但在英语中because和so不能同时出现在同一个句子中。 2.though、although表示“虽然……但是……”时,不能与but连用,不可说though/although...but...。 3.在when引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词可以是短暂性动词,也可以是延续性动词。例如: When he knew what happened, he rang up the police station at once. 当知道所发生的事情时,他便立刻给警察局打电话。 4.在while引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常用进行时。when和while在表示状态的延续时或表示一段时间时,它们两者可以互换使用。例如: I visited him when(while) I was in Beijing.我在北京时去看了他。 The teacher came into the classroom when(while) we were drawing pictures.当我们在画画时,老师走进了教室。 一、 用并列连词and, but, so或or填空 1. Let’s help each other ________ learn from each other. 2. Work hard, ________ you’ll fall behind. 3. She is very busy, ________ she still spends some time taking care of sick animals. 4. Every day, I can smell the flowers ________ hear the birds sing. 5. It was too cold outside, ________ we stayed at home all the day. 6. You can watch TV at home ________ go for a walk with me. 7. I know him, ________ I can’t remember his name. 8. My glasses are broken, ________ I need a new pair. 1. and2. or3. but4. and5. so 6. or 7. but8. so 一.单项选择 1.　　　 English has a history of over 2,500 years, the first English dictionary didn’t appear until the 17th century. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Because　 B.Although　 C.Unless 答案 B　考查连词辨析。句意:尽管英语已有2,500多年的历史,但第一部英语词典直到17世纪才出现。because因为,引导原因状语从句;although尽管,引导让步状语从句;unless除非,如果不,引导条件状语从句。由句意可知,前后内容之间为让步关系。故选B。 2.If it 　　　tomorrow,we will make a snowman.  A.snows　　 B.will snow C.snowed　　 D.is snowing 答案 A　句意:如果明天下雪,我们就堆个雪人。句子中If的意思为“如果”,引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,if从句用一般现在时表示将来。故选A。 3.—Lucy, you can’t use the phone 　　　we are far from the gas (天然气) station.  —OK, I won’t do that again. A.after　　 B.when C.though　　 D.until 答案 D　考查连词辨析。句意:——露西,直到我们离加油站很远时你才能使用手机。——好的,我再也不那样做了。after在……之后;when当……时;though虽然;until直到。not...until...意为“直到……才……”,符合句意,故选D。 4.—I am worrying about our final exam these days. —There is nothing to worry about 　　　you work hard.  A.until　　 B.so that C.as far as　　 D.as long as 答案 D　句意:——这些天我在担心我们的期末考试。——只要你努力学习,没什么可担心的。until直到;so that以便;as far as就……而言;as long as只要。后半句you work hard是前半句There is nothing to worry about的条件。故选D。 5.I was　　　careless that I forgot something important.  A.such　　 B.such a　　 C.so　　 D.so a 答案 C　句意:我太粗心了以至于忘了一些重要的事。such如此,形容词,修饰名词;such a后加单数名词;so如此,副词,修饰形容词或副词;so a为错误搭配。设空处的词修饰形容词careless,故应用so。故选C。 6.Our Chinese teacher is nice and patient 　　　she is very strict with us.  A.if　　 B.as C.unless　　 D.though 答案 D　考查连词辨析。句意:尽管我们的语文老师对我们很严厉,但她很好,很有耐心。由句意可知选D。 7.Please put the waste into the special box 　　　it can be recycled!  A.so that　　 B.in order to C.because of　　 D.though 答案 A　句意:请把废料放进这个特殊的箱子,以便它能被回收!由句意可知,设空处用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。 8.It was the middle of the night 　　　the sound of the piano woke me up.  A.because　　 B.if C.when　　 D.although 答案 C　考查连词的用法。句意:我是在半夜被钢琴声吵醒的。because 因为;if 假如;when 当……时候;although虽然。由“在半夜”可知是指时间,要用when。故选C。 9.—Daddy, when will we go out to fly a kite? —As soon as the rain 　　　.  A.is stopping　　 B.stopped C.will stop　　 D.stops 答案 D　 考查动词时态。句意:——爸爸,我们什么时候出去放风筝?——雨一停(我们就出去放风筝)。 as soon as一……就……,引导时间状语从句,主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表将来。故选D。 10.—What happened to Mrs. Smart? —She cut herself while she 　　　lunch.  A.prepares　　B.is preparing C.was preparing 答案 C　考查动词时态。句意:——斯马特太太怎么了?——她在准备午餐时割伤了自己。根据问句及答语可知,此处描述过去发生的事情;while引导时间状语从句时表示主句的行为在从句行为进行的过程中发生。故选C。 五．被动语态 一、各种时态的被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be +及物动词的过去分词”构成,必要时用by引出行为的执行者。(以do为例) 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done 一般过去时 did was/were + done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are + being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were + being done 一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall + be done 现在完成时 has/have done has/have been + done 被动特点强调宾(语),用be加上过去分(词);行为对象作主语,逻辑主语by来引。 二、被动语态的用法 　　 在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用在下面几种情况: 1.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。例如: 　　The party was held by the students of Class Three. 这次晚会是三班的学生举办的。 2.不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。例如: 　　The books are written for children. 这些书是为孩子们写的。 三、含有情态动词的被动语态 　　含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如: More trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种更多的树。 四、被动语态中的复合结构 1.含有双宾语的句子用于被动语态时,常将指“人”的宾语作为主语,指“物”的宾语保留不动。如果将直接宾语“物”作为主语,那么动词后要用介词to或for。例如: He showed me the ticket.→The ticket was showed to me by him. Uncle Wang bought us a big present.→A big present was bought for us by Uncle Wang. 2.在let、 see、 make、 hear等动词后接不定式作宾补的被动语态句中,将宾补作为主补,动词后面的不定式要带to。例如: We saw an alien get out of the UFO.→An alien was seen to get out of the UFO. 五、被动语态的高频句式 It is said that...据说……; It is reported that... 据报道……; It is believed that...人们相信(人们认为)……; It is (well) known that... 众所周知……; It is supposed that...据猜测…… 六、不使用被动语态的情形 1.动词happen、 fall、 fail或动词短语take place等不能用于被动语态。例如: The story happened last year. 这个故事发生在去年。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 2.表示状态的look、 smell、 sound、 feel、 taste等系动词,用主动形式表示被动意义。例如: The music sounds very beautiful. 音乐听起来很优美。 被动语态专练 一.单项选择 1.The library which　　　a year ago is a nice place for people to read and relax.  A.is built　　 B.will be built C.was built 答案 C　分析句子结构可知,The library和build之间为被动关系;再根据a year ago可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 2.More and more tall buildings 　　　in our city in the future.  A.build　　 B.are built C.will build　　 D.will be built 答案 D　根据时间状语in the future可知,句子的时态为一般将来时;又因主语tall buildings和谓语动词build之间是被动关系,故句子为一般将来时的被动语态,其构成是will be done。build的过去分词为built。故选D。 3.Many homeless dogs 　　　after well by Miss Wang every day.  A.look　　 B.looked C.are looked　　 D.were looked 答案 C　分析句子结构可知,dogs和look after之间为被动关系;又由every day可知,此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 4.Chinese astronauts 　　　as heroes. We all look up to them.  A.are regarded　　 B.regard C.regarded 答案 A　主语Chinese astronauts是动作regard的承受者,时态是一般现在时,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为am/is/are done。故选A。 5.The 24th Winter Olympic Games　　　in February, 2022 in Beijing.  A.hold　 B.held　 C.is held　 D.was held 答案 D　根据February,2022可知,此句为一般过去时;Olympic Games与动词hold之间为被动关系,要用被动语态。故选D。 二.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 6.My favorite star will hold a concert in our city. Unluckily, the tickets　　　(sell) out last week.  答案 were sold　 7.There can be no life on the earth without water. It 　　　(need) everywhere.  答案 is needed　 8.We　　　(tell)the sports meeting might be put off.  答案 were told/have been told　 9.A speech on robots 　　　(give) in the school hall next Friday afternoon.  答案 will be given　 10.These old buildings are going to 　　　(put) down because they are too dangerous.  答案 be put 三.将下列句子改为被动语态,每空一词 11.They will build a new building here soon. A new building will 　　　　　　here by them soon.  答案 be built　 12. Thousands of tourists visit this park every year. This park 　　　　　　by thousands of tourists every year.  答案 is visited　 13.(2019甘肃天水中考)Lucy’s mother often makes her read English aloud at home. Lucy is often made　　　 　　　English aloud at home.  答案 to read　 14.All the students have to pay attention to the pronunciation of each word. Attention 　　　to be 　　　to the pronunciation of each word by all the students.  答案 has;paid 15.(2022四川达州中考)My mom makes me do the dishes every day. I am 　　　　　　do the dishes every day.  答案 made to 六．常考时态的综合运用 “时态”是两个概念的混合,“时”指时间,“态”指动词的变化形式。在英语中,在不同的时间发生的动作采用不同的动词形式表达。时态的构成及用法一般有其固定性。下面几种特殊的“时态”存在着“名不副实”的情形。 部分动词如come、 go、 leave、 start、 begin、 arrive等,可用一般现在时代替表将来的时态,表示一个按规定、计划、安排将发生的动作。此时多和表示将来的时间状语连用 School begins on September 1st. 若宾语从句中主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句则使用相应的过去时态,但当宾语从句表示的是科学真理、客观事实时,其时态不受主句限制 Mother told me the earth turns round the sun. 主句为一般将来时,以when、 before、 after、 until、 as soon as等引导的时间状语从句及if/unless引导的条件状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来的动作 I'll go to the cinema this afternoon if it doesn't rain. 在以here、 there开头的一般现在时的句子里,come、 go等动词可用来表示说话时正在进行的动作 Look!Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. always与现在进行时结合,表示习惯性的、经常反复的动作,往往带有一定的感情色彩 You are always giving me trouble. (厌烦) He is always helping us. (赞赏) 现在进行时并不表示正在进行的动作,而是表示将来的动作或表示近期安排好将要进行的动作。此时限于come、 go、 leave等少数动词 We are leaving on Saturday morning. 七．定语从句 一、定语从句的结构 　　在复合句中,修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。与汉语不同的是,英语的定语从句放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,由一个关系代词或副词引导。例如: (1)He is a boy. 他是一个男孩。 (2)We want to look for the boy. 我们想找这个男孩。 我们可以把这两个句子合并为: He is the boy who (whom) we want to look for.  　 　先行词 　引导词　　　　定语从句 含定语从句的复合句有三个部分:先行词、引导词和从句。先行词是被修饰的名词或代词;引导词是用来引导定语从句的词,包括关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)和关系副词(where, when, why),它们在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 二、定语从句的引导词 所作 成分 引导词 主语 who(指人),which(指物),that(指人或物) 宾语 who/whom(指人),which(指物),that(指人或物) 定语 whose(指人或物) 状语 where(指地点),when(指时间),why(指原因) 三、定语从句的引导词辨析 who/ whom 它们引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。who在从句中作主语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语,常可省略。who的前面不能有介词,如果带有介词,则必须用宾格的whom,即介词+whom This is the man who helped me. That is the girl (whom) I have taught. He is the boy with whom I went there. who/ that 当先行词是人时,关系代词who和that在许多情况下可通用。不过,如果先行词是one、 ones、 anyone和those(指人)时,用who,不用that The man who/that is playing the piano is my music teacher. He is the one who helps me a lot. that/ which 大多数情况下,两者可替换使用。当先行词是不定代词时,先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或一些限定语修饰时或先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that来引导。如果关系代词前有介词时,用which,不用that This is the biggest ship that I've ever seen. This is the room in which you will stay. where/ whose 关系副词where等引导的定语从句在从句中作状语,where表示地点,它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。whose在从句中作定语,既可以指人也可指物 This is the place where he was born. Please show me the book whose cover is black. 定语从句专项练习 一.根据句意选择方框中所给的关系代词或关系副词填空 who　which　that　whose　where　whom 1.I still remember the time 　　　we spent together last year.  2.Success will belong to those　　　never say “impossible”.  3.—There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? —The one　　　hat is yellow.  4.One of the most delicious drinks　　　I like is orange juice.   5.This is the primary school　　　I studied three years ago.   6.The young lady　　　we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.  答案 1.which/that　2.who　3.whose　4.that　5.where　6.whom/who/that 二.单项选择 7.The story tells some exciting stories about a boy 　　　has many adventures.  A.what　　 B.which C.whose　　 D.who 答案 D　本句为含有定语从句的主从复合句,先行词是a boy,关系词在定语从句中作主语。故选D。 8. This is the CD 　　　I bought last year.  A.who　 B.that　 C.whom 答案 B　句意:这是我去年买的光盘。本句为含有定语从句的主从复合句,先行词the CD指物,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,应用that或which。故选B。 9.The book 　　　cover has a beautiful picture is Lily’s.  A.which　 B.whose 　 C.that 答案 B　句意:封面上有一幅漂亮图画的那本书是莉莉的。分析句子可知,The book和cover之间为所属关系,应用whose引导定语从句。故选B。 10.On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech 　　　President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.  A.who　　 B.whose C.which　　 D.what 答案 C　句意:2020年12月31日,习近平主席的新年讲话鼓舞了我们中国人民更加努力地为祖国奋斗。先行词the New Year speech指物,关系代词应用that或which。故选C。 11.—Please tell me something about Yang Liwei. —He is a great astronaut of 　　　all the Chinese are proud.  A.that　　 B.whose C.who　　 D.whom 答案 D　考查定语从句。句意:——请告诉我关于杨利伟的一些情况。——他是一位伟大的航天员,所有中国人都以他为傲。先行词astronaut是人,且关系代词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,只能用whom引导定语从句。故选D。 12.All of the classmates prefer the song Shao Nian 　　　.  A.that they can sing along with B.which can they sing along with C.who they can sing along with 答案 A　考查定语从句。句意:所有的同学都更喜欢他们能跟着唱的歌曲《少年》。分析句子结构可知,设空处所在句是含有定语从句的主从复合句,先行词是表示物的the song Shao Nian,所以要用that/which引导,从句应该使用陈述句语序,故选A。 13.I like the city 　　　the people are really kind and friendly.  A.that 　　 B.which C.where　　 D.who 答案 C　考查定语从句。句意:我喜欢这座城市,这儿的人们很善良、友好。此定语从句的先行词the city表示地点,且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故选C。 14.It is the most important day 　　　I’ll never forget.  A.whom　 B.who　 C.that　 D.what 答案 C　考查定语从句。句意:这是我永远不会忘记的最重要的一天。本句为含有定语从句的主从复合句,先行词被最高级修饰,关系代词要用that。故选C。 15.—What kind of movies do you prefer? —I prefer the movies　　　me think about something.  A.which make　　 B.that makes C.which makes　 D.who make 答案 A　考查定语从句。句意:——你更喜欢哪种电影?——我更喜欢让我思考一些事情的电影。答语为含有定语从句的主从复合句,先行词the movies为物,且为复数,关系代词用that/which且谓语动词用复数形式。故选A。 16.My cousin is a boy 　　　lots of trouble to his parents.  A.who bring　　 B.which brings C.who brings　　 D.that bring 答案 C　考查定语从句及主谓一致。句意:我表弟是一个给他父母带来很多麻烦的男孩。本句是含有定语从句的主从复合句,先行词a boy是人,先排除B项;boy为单数,从句中的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选C。 三.把下列句子改为含有that引导的定语从句的主从复合句 17.This is the school. Mary works in the school. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  答案 This is the school that Mary works in. 18.Do you like the watch? I bought it last Sunday. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  答案 Do you like the watch that I bought last Sunday? 19.The young man is our new English teacher. We met him this morning. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  答案 The young man that we met this morning is our new English teacher. 20.The painting is nice. Jane drew the painting last term. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  答案 The painting that Jane drew last term is nice. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重点语法归纳 目录 一．现在完成时 1 1.基本结构 2 2.辨析:have/has gone to、 have/has been to 和have/has been in(at) 2 3.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 3 现在完成时专练 3 重点时态综合训练 4 二．不定代词 5 1.复合不定代词的构成 5 2.复合不定代词的用法 5 3.复合不定代词的转换 5 二、不定代词的用法 6 1.other, the other, others, the others, another 6 2.it, one 6 3.no one, none 7 4.little, a little, few, a few 7 5.every, each 8 不定代词专练 8 三．副词 9 四．连词 9 一、并列连词 9 二、从属连词 10 连词专练 11 五．被动语态 12 各种时态的被动语态的构成 13 被动语态的用法 13 含有情态动词的被动语态 13 被动语态中的复合结构 13 被动语态的高频句式 14 不使用被动语态的情形 14 被动语态专练 14 六．常考时态的综合运用 15 七．定语从句 16 定语从句的结构 16 定语从句的引导词 17 定语从句的引导词辨析 17 定语从句专练 18 一．现在完成时 1.基本结构 主语+have/has+done(动词的过去分词) 常见 时间 状语 already、 just、 never、 yet、 before、 so far、 recently、 lately、 for+时间段、since+时间点以及since引导的时间状语从句等 高频 考点 ①“for+时间段”与“since+时间点”作时间状语;②延续性动词与短暂性动词:短暂性动词(肯定式)不能和表示一段时间的状语,如for two years、 since five years ago、 since he came here等连用。但短暂性动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词或短语与一段时间连用。转换成延续性动词,如buy-have、borrow-keep、come(go)-be等。转换成“be+名词”的形式,如join the army-be a soldier、join the party-be a party member。转换成“be+形容词(副词)”的形式,如die-be dead、open-be open、close-be closed、fall asleep-be asleep、leave-be away、finish-be over等。转换成“be+介词短语”的形式,如join the army-be in the army、go to school-be in school等。③对have (has) gone to、 have (has) been to、 have (has) been in(at)的考查 2.辨析:have/has gone to、 have/has been to 和have/has been in(at) have/has gone to “已经去某地了”(表示去了某地,现在人不在这儿),暗示“此刻已经在去某地的途中或已到达了某地” have/has been to “到过/去过某地”(表示过去/曾经去过某地现在已经返回),常与once、 twice、 three times等词连用 have/has been in (at) “在某地待了多久”(强调一直待在某地),常和how long一起构成“在某地待了多久”的疑问句,也常与since或for等词引导的句子或短语连用 have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in(at) 三个词组后接副词(here、 there等)时,短语后均不带介词。 3.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 　　一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系,它可以和yesterday、last night、three weeks ago、in 1990等表示过去的时间状语连用。 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如: I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。(我了解这部电影的内容。) I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影。(只说明上星期看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况。) He has lived here since 1992.1992年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里。) He lived here in 1992.1992年他住在这里。(不涉及他现在是否还住在这里。) 现在完成时专练 1. The Browns Fuzhou for five years. A. has been in B. have been in C. have been to D. has gone to 2. --- Where John ? --- To the library. He there for an hour. A. has, been; has gone B. has, gone; has been C. did, go; went D. did, be; went 3. He the fourth floor and now he is on the fourth floor. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been 4. --- He to draw horses already. --- When he? --- Last year. A. learned…has B. learned; did C. has learned…has D. has learned; did 5. 我甚至之前从来没有去过那儿。 6. The large population of China many difficulties so far. For example, many farmers have no farmland to grow crops on. (cause) 7. She and I friends since we were very young.      A. have made      B. have become    C. have been      D. have turned  8. Tom’s grandparents London for at least two years. A. had left B. has gone away C. has been away from D. had been away from 9. My grandmother has already been (die) from a car accident. 10. My grandmother has already (die) from a car accident. 11. You me waiting for you since two hours ago. Where you stay five minutes ago? A. kept…did B. have kept…did C. kept…have been D. have kept…have been 重点时态综合训练 一.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．A serious car accident (happen) in this street last Sunday. 2．—What will the weather be like this coming Saturday? —I hope it  (be) a fine day for our picnic! I can't wait! 3．—Do you like junk food，Linda? —That's my favorite.The more junk food I (have)，the happier I (be)． 4．—What did your mother say about this? —She (say) that she (try) her best to help me with my English next term. 5．—Don't get off the bus until it (stop)，Tom. —I won't，Dad.Don't worry about me. 6．—Is your father a doctor? —Yes，he is.He (work) in the Children's Hospital. 7．—I called you yesterday evening，but there was no answer. —Oh，I'm sorry.I (have) dinner at my friend's house  at that time. 8．—Is this jacket yours，Linda? —No，I think it (belong) to Maria.She has a red one. 9．Bill is a good student.He always (finish) his homework on time. 10．I  (not read) the book Little Women yet，but I'll let you read it first. 11．A talk on science (give) in our school next Sunday. 12．The letter is (write) in Japanese.Can you read it for me? 13．Chinese is (speak) by more and more people in the world now. 14．The magazines (must return) to the library in two weeks. 15．—What kind of rice do you think is the best to eat? —I like to eat the rice that (grow) in the south of China. 16．Something must (do) to make our city a better place to live in. 17．Three patients (operate) on by the famous doctor in the past 10 hours. 18．We (tell) not to play computer games at school. 19．The little boy was often seen to (read) books by the lake after school. 20．The phone  (invent) by Bell.He is very great. 二.按要求完成句子，每空一词。 21．I have just learned five hundred English words.(改为一般疑问句) you just  five hundred English words? 22．They built a new park in our city last year.(改为被动语态) A new park in our city last year. 23．People used radios to learn English in the past.(改为被动语态) Radios to learn English in the past. 24．You can bring your friends to my birthday party tomorrow evening.(改为被动语态) Your friends to my birthday party tomorrow evening. 25．The students clean the classroom every day.(用now作时间状语改写句子) The students the classroom now. 二．不定代词 一、复合不定代词的用法 1.复合不定代词的构成 指人的复合不定代词一般是由some、any、every、no等加上-body/-one构成的。指物的复合不定代词一般是由some、any、every、no等加上-thing构成的。 2.复合不定代词的用法 (1)something、somebody、someone通常用于肯定句;anything、anybody、anyone常用于否定句和疑问句,但表示邀请、请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复时常用something、somebody、someone。复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如:Everything begins to grow in spring. 春天万物开始生长。 (2)复合不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词一般放在复合不定代词之后。例如: Is there anything new in today's newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么新东西吗?  (3)动词不定式、介词短语修饰复合不定代词时,须后置,作后置定语。例如: Could you give me something to eat? 你能给我一些吃的吗?  (4)复合不定代词与else 一词连用时,应注意else 必须置于复合不定代词之后。例如: There is nothing else in the bag. 包里没有别的东西了。  3.复合不定代词的转换 (1)anything一般用于否定句和疑问句;not...anything相当于nothing;nothing是否定词,不与否定词not连用。 (2)anybody一般用于否定句和疑问句,not...anybody相当于nobody。例如: There isn't anybody in the room./There is nobody in the room.房间里没有人。 everyone不可写成every one。everyone一般用来指人,相当于everybody,意为“人人,每人”。every one意为“每个”。everyone后面不能跟of短语,而every one后面可跟of短语,此时的every one可指人,也可指物。 二、不定代词的用法 1.other, the other, others, the others, another 词汇 含义 习惯搭配 备注 other other+复数名词=others 常起形容词作用,多修饰复数名词 the other one...the other..., the other+名词 others some...others... 只能作代词,该词不能指“其余全部的人或物” the others some...the others... another one...another... 该词还可表示“又;再”,放于数字前,如:another two weeks 2.it, one it 可以代替上文出现过的名词,但it通常代替上文所提事物本身,有特指作用,即同类同物。it既可代替可数名词单数,也可代替不可数名词 one 指代上文中出现的可数名词单数形式,使句子更简洁。one指代的名词与上文中出现的名词不是同一事物,而是同类事物中的另外一个,即同类异物 例如:My brother has a nice bag. I want to use it. 我哥哥(弟弟)有一个漂亮的书包。我想借用一下。(同类事物,且指同一个书包)  My brother has a nice bag. I want to buy one. 我哥哥(弟弟)有一个漂亮的书包。我想去买一个。(同类事物,但不是指同一个书包)  3.no one, none no one= nobody 意为“没有人”,只指代人,不指代物。一般不和of相连。当no one作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 none 意为“一个也没有”,既可用来代替人,表示“(三个以上)一个也没有”;也可用来代替物(可数与不可数皆可),表示“没有任何东西” 指“(三个或三个以上的人或物中)没有一个人或物”,常与of连用,表示全部否定。作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数 例如: None of the stories are/is interesting. 没有一个故事有意思。 I need some paper, but there is none left.(none=no paper)我需要一些纸,但这里一点也不剩了。 易错点用who提问的句子可以用no one或nobody来回答。用what提问的句子可以用nothing来回答。在简略回答中,none用来回答“How many...?/How much...?”引导的疑问句。 4.little, a little, few, a few 词汇 含义 用法 例句 little There is little milk in the glass. a little There is a little water in my bottle. I can give you some. few Lily has few apples. a few I'm going to buy a few bananas. 5.every, each every 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”,只能作定语。还可与not连用构成部分否定 each 用于两者或两者以上,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等,后面可以跟表示范围的of...结构。不可以与not连用 例如: Every boy in the room knows it. 房间里的每个男孩都知道它。 He has read every book (all the books) in the reading room. 他读完了阅览室里的每一本书。 Each answer is worth 20 points.每题为20分。 不定代词专练 1. --- Is there ________ with your bike? --- Yes, there is________ wrong, so have to go to school on foot. A. anything wrong; something B. wrong anything; something C. something wrong; anything D. wrong something; anything 2. ________ boy here likes football. Look, he has balls on ________ hands. A. Each; every B. Every; each C. Every; every D. Each; each 3. How many students are there in the classroom now? --- ________. They are having PE class on the playground. A. None B. No one C. No D Nobody 4. --- Who do you want to go with? --- ________. I prefer go there alone. A. None B. No C. Every D. Nobody 5. Not everyone ________ noise is also a kind of pollution. A. know B. knew C. will know D. knows 6. ________ my father and my mother teach in my class. ________ my classmates like them. A. Both; All B. Both; Both C. All; All D. All; Both 7. --- Mom, there are two apples, can I have ________ one? --- No, you can have ________ one because they are for your father. A. Either; not B. Either; Neither C. Neither; nor D. Neither; either 8. --- Are you free this weekend? --- ________ is free. I have to fly to Hong Kong for a meet. A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. All 9. --- I don’t like this pen. Can you show me ________ one? I’d like something special. --- OK. I will give you ________ pens. A. others; another B. other; another C. another; other D. another; the other 10. --- There is ________ salt. I will go and buy some. Shall I take some apples on my way home? --- OK, there is only ________. A. few; little B. a few; a little C. little; a few D. little; few 11. There is ________ water and ________ apples, I will go and buy some water. A. few; few B. little; a few C. little; few D. little; few 12.Whatever you do, ________ is difficult if you put your heart into it. A. Nothing B. anything C. something D. everything 三．副词 常见的易混副词 时间副词 ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow, once, soon 地点副词 here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside, somewhere 方式副词 carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously 程度副词 very, much, greatly, a bit, a little, so, almost, nearly, also, even, just, well 频度副词 always, often, usually, sometimes, never, seldom 疑问副词 where, when, why, how 关系副词 when, where, why 四．连词 一、并列连词 1.并列连词的分类 表示并列关系 and(then),both...and...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,as well as等 as well as表示“而且,也,又”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 表示转折关系 but,yet,while等 but不可与连词though或although一起使用。while着重强调上下文的一种对比关系 表示选择关系 or,either...or...,rather than...,would rather...than...等 either...or...的选择意义比单独的or强。rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致;rather than后接不定式时,也可不带to 表示因果关系 for, so 并列连词for一般不能放在句首,而应位于两句之间,表示附加说明或推断的理由 2.部分常见并列连词辨析 词汇 含义及用法 例句 and 意为“和,同”,表示并列或顺承关系。and连接的部分在数上一般是复数概念,用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 He and I are watching TV. This is Lily, and this is Kate. but 意为“但是,然而”,表示转折关系,用于连接具有转折关系的两个并列句 I like English, but I don't like math. or 意为“还是,或”,表示选择或条件关系。也可用于祈使句,“...,or...=If you don't..., you'll...”意为“请……,否则……”,有转折的含义 Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.=If you don't hurry up, you'll miss the train. so 意为“因此;所以”,表示因果关系。同一个句子里,so不与because连用 Monkeys are very clever, so we like them./Because monkeys are very clever, we like them. “祈使句+and/or+...”意为“请……,你会……/否则你会……”,相当于“If you do/don't..., you'll...”。例如: Work hard, or you'll fail the exam./If you don't work hard, you will fail the exam.努力学习,否则你会不及格的。 二、从属连词 时间状语从句的从属连词 when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till/until, as... 原因状语从句的从属连词 because, since, as... 条件状语从句的从属连词 if, unless, as long as... 目的状语从句的从属连词 so that, in order that... 让步状语从句的从属连词 although, though, even if, even though, whatever... 结果状语从句的从属连词 so that, so...that..., such...that... 1.对原因状语从句的考查要注意:在汉语中“因为……所以……”是成对出现的,但在英语中because和so不能同时出现在同一个句子中。 2.though、although表示“虽然……但是……”时,不能与but连用,不可说though/although...but...。 3.在when引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词可以是短暂性动词,也可以是延续性动词。例如: When he knew what happened, he rang up the police station at once. 当知道所发生的事情时,他便立刻给警察局打电话。 4.在while引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常用进行时。when和while在表示状态的延续时或表示一段时间时,它们两者可以互换使用。例如: I visited him when(while) I was in Beijing.我在北京时去看了他。 The teacher came into the classroom when(while) we were drawing pictures.当我们在画画时,老师走进了教室。 一、 用并列连词and, but, so或or填空 1. Let’s help each other ________ learn from each other. 2. Work hard, ________ you’ll fall behind. 3. She is very busy, ________ she still spends some time taking care of sick animals. 4. Every day, I can smell the flowers ________ hear the birds sing. 5. It was too cold outside, ________ we stayed at home all the day. 6. You can watch TV at home ________ go for a walk with me. 7. I know him, ________ I can’t remember his name. 8. My glasses are broken, ________ I need a new pair. 一.单项选择 1.　　　 English has a history of over 2,500 years, the first English dictionary didn’t appear until the 17th century. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Because　 B.Although　 C.Unless 2.If it 　　　tomorrow,we will make a snowman.  A.snows　　 B.will snow C.snowed　　 D.is snowing 3.—Lucy, you can’t use the phone 　　　we are far from the gas (天然气) station.  —OK, I won’t do that again. A.after　　 B.when C.though　　 D.until 4.—I am worrying about our final exam these days. —There is nothing to worry about 　　　you work hard.  A.until　　 B.so that C.as far as　　 D.as long as 5.I was　　　careless that I forgot something important.  A.such　　 B.such a　　 C.so　　 D.so a 6.Our Chinese teacher is nice and patient 　　　she is very strict with us.  A.if　　 B.as C.unless　　 D.though 7.Please put the waste into the special box 　　　it can be recycled!  A.so that　　 B.in order to C.because of　　 D.though 8.It was the middle of the night 　　　the sound of the piano woke me up.  A.because　　 B.if C.when　　 D.although 9.—Daddy, when will we go out to fly a kite? —As soon as the rain 　　　.  A.is stopping　　 B.stopped C.will stop　　 D.stops 10.—What happened to Mrs. Smart? —She cut herself while she 　　　lunch.  A.prepares　　B.is preparing C.was preparing 五．被动语态 一、各种时态的被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be +及物动词的过去分词”构成,必要时用by引出行为的执行者。(以do为例) 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done 一般过去时 did was/were + done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are + being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were + being done 一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall + be done 现在完成时 has/have done has/have been + done 被动特点强调宾(语),用be加上过去分(词);行为对象作主语,逻辑主语by来引。 二、被动语态的用法 　　 在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用在下面几种情况: 1.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。例如: 　　The party was held by the students of Class Three. 这次晚会是三班的学生举办的。 2.不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。例如: 　　The books are written for children. 这些书是为孩子们写的。 三、含有情态动词的被动语态 　　含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如: More trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种更多的树。 四、被动语态中的复合结构 1.含有双宾语的句子用于被动语态时,常将指“人”的宾语作为主语,指“物”的宾语保留不动。如果将直接宾语“物”作为主语,那么动词后要用介词to或for。例如: He showed me the ticket.→The ticket was showed to me by him. Uncle Wang bought us a big present.→A big present was bought for us by Uncle Wang. 2.在let、 see、 make、 hear等动词后接不定式作宾补的被动语态句中,将宾补作为主补,动词后面的不定式要带to。例如: We saw an alien get out of the UFO.→An alien was seen to get out of the UFO. 五、被动语态的高频句式 It is said that...据说……; It is reported that... 据报道……; It is believed that...人们相信(人们认为)……; It is (well) known that... 众所周知……; It is supposed that...据猜测…… 六、不使用被动语态的情形 1.动词happen、 fall、 fail或动词短语take place等不能用于被动语态。例如: The story happened last year. 这个故事发生在去年。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 2.表示状态的look、 smell、 sound、 feel、 taste等系动词,用主动形式表示被动意义。例如: The music sounds very beautiful. 音乐听起来很优美。 被动语态专练 一.单项选择 1.The library which　　　a year ago is a nice place for people to read and relax.  A.is built　　 B.will be built C.was built 2.More and more tall buildings 　　　in our city in the future.  A.build　　 B.are built C.will build　　 D.will be built 3.Many homeless dogs 　　　after well by Miss Wang every day.  A.look　　 B.looked C.are looked　　 D.were looked 4.Chinese astronauts 　　　as heroes. We all look up to them.  A.are regarded　　 B.regard C.regarded 5.The 24th Winter Olympic Games　　　in February, 2022 in Beijing.  A.hold　 B.held　 C.is held　 D.was held 二.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 6.My favorite star will hold a concert in our city. Unluckily, the tickets　　　(sell) out last week.  7.There can be no life on the earth without water. It 　　　(need) everywhere.  8.We　　　(tell)the sports meeting might be put off.  9.A speech on robots 　　　(give) in the school hall next Friday afternoon.  10.These old buildings are going to 　　　(put) down because they are too dangerous.  三.将下列句子改为被动语态,每空一词 11.They will build a new building here soon. A new building will 　　　　　　here by them soon.  12. Thousands of tourists visit this park every year. This park 　　　　　　by thousands of tourists every year.  13.(2019甘肃天水中考)Lucy’s mother often makes her read English aloud at home. Lucy is often made　　　 　　　English aloud at home.  14.All the students have to pay attention to the pronunciation of each word. Attention 　　　to be 　　　to the pronunciation of each word by all the students.  15.(2022四川达州中考)My mom makes me do the dishes every day. I am 　　　　　　do the dishes every day.  六．常考时态的综合运用 “时态”是两个概念的混合,“时”指时间,“态”指动词的变化形式。在英语中,在不同的时间发生的动作采用不同的动词形式表达。时态的构成及用法一般有其固定性。下面几种特殊的“时态”存在着“名不副实”的情形。 部分动词如come、 go、 leave、 start、 begin、 arrive等,可用一般现在时代替表将来的时态,表示一个按规定、计划、安排将发生的动作。此时多和表示将来的时间状语连用 School begins on September 1st. 若宾语从句中主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句则使用相应的过去时态,但当宾语从句表示的是科学真理、客观事实时,其时态不受主句限制 Mother told me the earth turns round the sun. 主句为一般将来时,以when、 before、 after、 until、 as soon as等引导的时间状语从句及if/unless引导的条件状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来的动作 I'll go to the cinema this afternoon if it doesn't rain. 在以here、 there开头的一般现在时的句子里,come、 go等动词可用来表示说话时正在进行的动作 Look!Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. always与现在进行时结合,表示习惯性的、经常反复的动作,往往带有一定的感情色彩 You are always giving me trouble. (厌烦) He is always helping us. (赞赏) 现在进行时并不表示正在进行的动作,而是表示将来的动作或表示近期安排好将要进行的动作。此时限于come、 go、 leave等少数动词 We are leaving on Saturday morning. 七．定语从句 一、定语从句的结构 　　在复合句中,修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。与汉语不同的是,英语的定语从句放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,由一个关系代词或副词引导。例如: (1)He is a boy. 他是一个男孩。 (2)We want to look for the boy. 我们想找这个男孩。 我们可以把这两个句子合并为: He is the boy who (whom) we want to look for.  　 　先行词 　引导词　　　　定语从句 含定语从句的复合句有三个部分:先行词、引导词和从句。先行词是被修饰的名词或代词;引导词是用来引导定语从句的词,包括关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)和关系副词(where, when, why),它们在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 二、定语从句的引导词 所作 成分 引导词 主语 who(指人),which(指物),that(指人或物) 宾语 who/whom(指人),which(指物),that(指人或物) 定语 whose(指人或物) 状语 where(指地点),when(指时间),why(指原因) 三、定语从句的引导词辨析 who/ whom 它们引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。who在从句中作主语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语,常可省略。who的前面不能有介词,如果带有介词,则必须用宾格的whom,即介词+whom This is the man who helped me. That is the girl (whom) I have taught. He is the boy with whom I went there. who/ that 当先行词是人时,关系代词who和that在许多情况下可通用。不过,如果先行词是one、 ones、 anyone和those(指人)时,用who,不用that The man who/that is playing the piano is my music teacher. He is the one who helps me a lot. that/ which 大多数情况下,两者可替换使用。当先行词是不定代词时,先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或一些限定语修饰时或先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that来引导。如果关系代词前有介词时,用which,不用that This is the biggest ship that I've ever seen. This is the room in which you will stay. where/ whose 关系副词where等引导的定语从句在从句中作状语,where表示地点,它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。whose在从句中作定语,既可以指人也可指物 This is the place where he was born. Please show me the book whose cover is black. 定语从句专项练习 一.根据句意选择方框中所给的关系代词或关系副词填空 who　which　that　whose　where　whom 1.I still remember the time 　　　we spent together last year.  2.Success will belong to those　　　never say “impossible”.  3.—There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? —The one　　　hat is yellow.  4.One of the most delicious drinks　　　I like is orange juice.   5.This is the primary school　　　I studied three years ago.   6.The young lady　　　we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.  二.单项选择 7.The story tells some exciting stories about a boy 　　　has many adventures.  A.what　　 B.which C.whose　　 D.who 8. This is the CD 　　　I bought last year.  A.who　 B.that　 C.whom 9.The book 　　　cover has a beautiful picture is Lily’s.  A.which　 B.whose 　 C.that 10.On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech 　　　President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.  A.who　　 B.whose C.which　　 D.what 11.—Please tell me something about Yang Liwei. —He is a great astronaut of 　　　all the Chinese are proud.  A.that　　 B.whose C.who　　 D.whom 12.All of the classmates prefer the song Shao Nian 　　　.  A.that they can sing along with B.which can they sing along with C.who they can sing along with 13.I like the city 　　　the people are really kind and friendly.  A.that 　　 B.which C.where　　 D.who 14.It is the most important day 　　　I’ll never forget.  A.whom　 B.who　 C.that　 D.what 15.—What kind of movies do you prefer? —I prefer the movies　　　me think about something.  A.which make　　 B.that makes C.which makes　 D.who make 16.My cousin is a boy 　　　lots of trouble to his parents.  A.who bring　　 B.which brings C.who brings　　 D.that bring 三.把下列句子改为含有that引导的定语从句的主从复合句 17.This is the school. Mary works in the school. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  18.Do you like the watch? I bought it last Sunday. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  19.The young man is our new English teacher. We met him this morning. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  20.The painting is nice. Jane drew the painting last term. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$