Unit1～2寒假语法&词汇复习基础版 讲义- 2024-2025学年沪教牛津版英语八年级上册

八上U1-2寒假语法&词汇复习基础版 模块一 单词及课文复习讲解 Unit 1 一、课文回顾。 Look it up! Here are two articles from an ______ (百科全书). Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519) was an ______ _____(意大利画家), ______ (发明家), ______ (音乐家), engineer and ______ (科学家). Da Vinci _____ _____ _____ _____ ______（出生于乡村）. _____ _____ _____ ______（从很小的时候）, he showed ______ _____(超凡的智慧) and ______ _____(艺术才能). As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is ______ (可能) the most famous painting in the world. He also had many ______ (发明). ______ _____(例如), his ______ (笔记本) ______ (包括) some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art) Dinosaurs Dinosaurs lived on Earth ______ _____(超过) 60 million years before ______ _____(人). They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were ______ _____ _____ _____（小如仔鸡）. Others were ______ ______ _____ _____ _____（如同十头大象一样巨大）. Some _____ _____ ______（甚至可以飞）. Many dinosaurs ate plants. ______ (然而), some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, ______ (突然), they all ______ _____(灭绝了). _____ _____ ______（没有人知道为什么）. However, we can ______ _____(了解) them from their ______ (化石). (See Earth history) 答案：encyclopedia；Italian painter; inventor; musician; scientist; was born in the countryside; From an early age; great intelligence; artistic ability; perhaps; inventions; For example; notebooks; include; more than; human being; as small as chicken; as big as elephants; could even fly；However; suddenly; died out; Nobody knows why; learn about; fossils 二、词汇大过关 encyclopedia human dinosaur Italian inventor invention musician scientist born intelligence artistic ability perhaps include even however suddenly nobody fossil win dollar 三、词性转换 1. inventor (中文含义)_______________ v _______________ n _______________ （发明物） 2. ability _______________ adj. _______________ adj. _______________ (不会的，无能力的) _______________ v. 使残废 _______________ adj. 残疾的 3.Italian _______________ n _______________ 4.musician _______________ n _______________ 5.scientist _______________ n _______________ 6. intelligence _______________ adj _______________ 7. suddenly _______________ adj __________ 8. win _______________ n _______________ 获胜者 过去式，过去分词: _______________ 答案：1.发明家；invent;invention 2. 能力；able;unable; disable;disabled 3. 意大利的；Italy 4. 音乐节；music 5. 科学家；science 6. 才智；intelligent 7. 突然；sudden 8. 赢；winner; won 四、词汇练习。 （一）画线同义替换 ( ) 1. Each human being has to die, but what he did will remain. A. person B. adult C. teenager ( ) 2. There is not anybody in the park. It’s very quiet. A. anyone B. everyone C. no one ( ) 3. My breakfast includes bread and milk. I enjoy them. A. except B. has C. choose ( ) 4. He was born in Italy in 1995 and he was only 3kg at that time. A. went to see a doctor B. left the school C. came out of his mother’s body ( ) 5. We live in the countryside because the air is fresh there. A. in the city B. far away from the countryside C. outside the town ( ) 6. ---How long can pandas live? ----They can live for more than 20 years. A. less than B. over C. nearly ( ) 7. ---Why did dinosaurs die out suddenly? ----Sorry, but I don’t know. I think nobody knows the reason. A. kill B. appear C. disappear ( ) 8. ---Will he come here tonight? ---Perhaps. I’m not sure. A. Exactly B. Carefully C. Maybe ( ) 9. Tom has the ability to finish the work on time. A. is able to B. has to C. wants to ( ) 10. It is good for people to go for a walk after a meal. A. do some exercise B. have a break C. have a walk ( ) 11. I wanted to visit Beijing from an early age because it’s the capital of our country. A. when I was ill B. when I was young C. when I got old 【答案】1-5 ACBCC 6-11 BCCACB （二）单项选择 ( ) 1. You can find much information on the invention of numbers from ____________. A. advertisement B. encyclopedia C. dictionary ( ) 2. Andy lost his _______ which contained all his important notes. A. wallet B. clothes C. notebook ( ) 3. Your duties _____ cleaning the house and cooking meals for the kids. A. include B. enjoy C. finish ( ) 4. Nowadays, many old customs are ________. I think we should keep them. A. running out B. dying out C. going out ( ) 5. I’d like to go with you. ________my hands are full. A. Therefore B. In addition C. However ( ) 6. ---Why do you always ______ new words in a dictionary? ---Because it helps me learn how to use them. A. look up B. look for C. copy down ( ) 7. A(n) _____ is a person who makes new thing that has never been in the world before. A. teacher B. inventor C. engineer ( ) 8. ____ refers to the ability to learn, understand and think about things. A. Instruction B. Practice C. Intelligence ( ) 9. ---Can you help me___ when the first train to Wuhan will leave? ---Of course. A. look for B. find out C. give advice on ( ) 10. To_____ the game means to be successful in the game. A. win B. play C. join ( ) 11. ---I would like to live in the ________. -----Me too. There are no traffic jams but fresh air and beautiful scenery(风景) there. A. city B. downtown C. countryside ( ) 12. ---Do you know why we cannot find any dinosaur in the world now? ----Oh, it is a mystery(谜) to science. ______ knows why. A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Nobody ( ) 13. I like reading historical stories because I can ___ things which happened many years ago. A. care about B. learn about C. look after 【答案】1-5 BCABC 6-10 ABCBA 11-13CCB （三）根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1． She _________(sudden) felt very tired. 2． An encyclopedia is a ______ (use) book. 3． I read many books this year, _________(include) The Little Prince. 4． _______(many) than half of us now live in cities. 5． Our team _______ (win) the basketball match yesterday. 6． The __________ (music) was popular with people all over the world. 7． My dream is to be a ___________ (science) when I grow up. 8． He is an _______(invent) with many __________(invent). 9． The brontosaurus(雷龙) was one of the largest __________ (dinosaur). 10 .His teacher found out his __________ (able) of acting and helped him to be a great actor. 11. My little brother showed great________ (intelligent) when he was only three. 12. __________ (million) of people lost their homes in the earthquake. 【答案】1.suddenly; 2.useful; 3.including; 4.More; 5.won; 6.musician; 7.scientist; 8.inventor, inventions; 9.dinosaurs; 10.ability; 11.intelligence; 12.Millions Unit 2 一、课文回顾 The king and the rice _____ _____ _____ _____（很早以前）, there was a king in India. The king’s favourite game was chess. One day, _____ _____ _____ _____（一个充满智慧的老人）came to the palace and the king _____ _____ ______（向他挑战） a game. The king _____（承诺） the old man, “You can have any _____（奖品） if you win the game.” The old man said, “If I win the game, I’d like one _____（谷粒） of rice for the first square of the _____（国际象棋棋盘）, two for the second, four for the third, and then _____ _____ _____（使数量加倍） for each of _____ _____ ______（剩下的）the squares.” “Is that all?” asked the king. “Wouldn’t you like _____（金子） or silver _____（代替）?” “No, just rice,” replied the old man. The king and the old man played the game for a long time. Finally, the old man won. So the king _____ his men _____（命令某人做某事） collect a bag of rice. He put one grain on the first square, two on the second, _____ _____ ______（……等等）. The king quickly _____（认识到） the problem—even with all the rice in the country, he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares! 答案：A long time ago, a wise old man, challenged him to, promised, prize, grain, chessboard, double the amount, the rest of, gold, instead, ordered, to, and so on, realized 二、词汇大过关 n. number , instruction , gram , son , chess , India , prize , grain , chessboard , amount , rest , gold , traffic , accident v. check , challenge , promise , double , realize , copy adj wise adv. Instead ,correctly 三、词性转换 1. instruction _______________ v _______________ 2. India _______________ adj/ n (印度人/印度语) _______________ 3. realize _______________=_______________ 4.wise _______________=_______________ 5.correct _______________=_____________ 6.copy down _______________=_____________ 7.a large amount of _______________=_____________ 答案：1.指导；instruct 2. 印度；India 3. 意识到；know 4. 机智的；clever 5. 正确的；right/true 6. 抄写；write down 4、 词汇练习。 （一）画线同义替换 ( ) 1. I got instructions not to let anyone get into this room. A. examples B. orders C. rules ( ) 2. The old man is very wise. He gives young people a lot of useful advice. A. lovely B. patient C. clever ( ) 3. I’d like to know when the story took place. A. happened B. told C. came from ( ) 4. Look! There is nothing but an old table in the house. A. more than B. only C. less than ( ) 5. None of them realized they were in danger. A. thought about B. knew and understand C. wanted to learn ( ) 6. A number of visitors go to Beijing to watch the rising of the National Flag. A. Few B. Any C. Some ( ) 7. Ten of my classmates are in the playground and the rest are in the classroom. A. the other B. another C. the others ( ) 8. He works hard in order to get the prize. A. present B. card C. award ( ) 9. Can you reply to the teacher’s question? A. say B. speak C. answer ( ) 10. ---To get the first place, should check your test paper before handing it in.---Yes, I’ll. A. take in B. look over C. make up ( ) 11. I copied down her e-mail address in my notebook. A. looked for B. took down C. wrote down 【答案】1-5BCABB 6-11CCCCBC （二）单项选择 ( ) 1. A ____ is something that is given to someone who is successful in a competition, race, game, etc. A. name B. present C. prize ( ) 2. If you _____ that you will do something, you say that you will certainly do it. A. answer B. promise C. remember ( ) 3. If you ____ someone to do something, you tell him that he must do it. A. call B. order C. advise ( ) 4. If you ___ somebody, it means there will be a match between you and him/her. A. challenge B. miss C. encourage ( )5. ---I’m sorry we have no coffee now. ---Please give me a cup of tea ____. A. together B. instead C. instead of ( )6. ---The little boy answers all the Maths questions_____. ---Amazing! He is so clever. A. correctly B. soon C. brightly ( ) 7. ----Mom, I get an “A” at all subjects this term. A. You’re welcome. B. You’re amazing! C. Not at all. 【答案】1-7CBBACAB （三）根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The weight of the baby panda is just more than 180_________ (gram). 2. He comes from __________(Indian). 3. The old woman spent all her money buying _______(golden). 4. She work out that Maths problem _________(correct). 5. The captain ordered the soldiers __________ (stop) to have a rest. 6. Follow your teacher’s _____________ (instruct) when you do the experiment. 7. There were a few _______(grain) of rice left in his bowl. 8. She will go swimming instead of ____________ (see) a film. 【答案】1.grams; 2.India; 3.gold; 4.correctly; 5.to stop; 9.instructions; 7.grains; 8.seeing 模块二 语法复习讲解 语法——不定代词 一、 some和any 1. some和any均表示数量不确定，既可以修饰可数名词复数又可以修饰不可数名词，如： Ken has some books. 肯有一些书。 There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。 He doesn’t like any flowers. 他不喜欢任何花。 Are there any students in the classroom? 教室里有学生吗？ 2. some多用在肯定句中，any多用在否定句和疑问句中, 如： 正确：We saw some people in the store. 我们看见一些人在店里。 正确：He didn’t find any pens in the box. 他在箱子里没找到任何笔。 错误：He didn’t find some pens in the box. 正确：Did he find any pens in the box? 他在箱子里找到笔了吗？ 错误：Did he find some pens in the box? 3. 期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any，如： Would you like some tea? 你要不要来点茶? What about some water? 来点水如何? 4. 当any表示“任一”的意义，起强调作用时，它可以用在肯定句中, 如： Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 5. 不定代词接在形容词后面。如something interesting; nothing special。 6. 总结 语法一：some和any; 语法二：不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, someone, anyone, no one, something, anything, nothing 【练一练】 一，从括号中选择合适的单词填空，完成句子，注意大小写。 1. ________ (somebody; nobody) is singing in the next room. The voice is beautiful. 2. I have _________ (some, any) homework to do today. 3. --- Come here, Mom. There is ___________ (something; anything) interesting, --- Wait a moment. 4. --- Would you like __________ (any; some) coffee with sugar?--- Yes, please. 5. The boy is very naughty. _______ (everyone; no one) wants to make friends with him. 6. The Greens moved to this town yesterday. They don't have ______ (some; any) friends here at present. 7. There is _______ (everything; nothing) in the basket. It's empty. 8. This pair of shoes is extremely expensive. ________ (everybody; nobody) wants to buy it. 9. --- Her grandmother is very kind.--- Yes, she is kind to ______ (anyone; no one). 10. The man is very rich. He can buy _________ (nothing; anything) he wants. 【答案】1.Somebody; 2.some; 3.something; 4.some; 5.No one; 6.any; 7.nothing; 8.Nobody; 9.anyone; 10.anything; 语法——数词 语法一：基数词的用法 语法二：序数词的用法 序数词及相应序数词缩略式： 基数词 序数词 缩略式 基数词 序数词 缩略式 基数词 序数词 缩略式 one two three five eight nine twelve twenty 21 22 23 【练一练】 一，根据句意，用所给数词的适当形式填空。 1. Even a child knows September is the month of a year.（nine） 2. We Chinese will celebrate the (ninety) birthday of the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党)in many ways. 3. The (two) Sunday in May is Mother’s Day. 4. My family live on the （five）floor of the tall building. 5. My uncle lives on the （twelve）floor of the building. 6. I’ve bought a present for my father’s_________(forty) birthday. 7. Climb up to the (thirty-two) floor, and you can enjoy a better view. 8. I always brush my teeth (two) a day. 9. There are fifty students in our class, and two- (three) of them are girls. 10. November 5, 2013 is the _______ (five) day of November. 11. Mother's Day is on the ______ (two) Sunday of May. 12. The _______ (three) Sunday of June is Father's Day in most countries. 13. December is the ________ (twelve) month in a year. 14. Today is my mother's ________ (thirty- five) birthday. 【答案】1.ninth; 2.ninetieth; 3.second; 4.fifth; 5.twelfth; 6.fortieth; 7.thirty-second; 8.twice; 9.thirds; 10.fifth; 11.second; 12.third; 13.twelfth; 14.thirty-fifth 模块三 八上1-2单元话题语法填空专练 A Do you often forget where your socks are when you wake up in the morning? Can you remember what you 1 (eat) for lunch a week ago? You may think that it 2 (be) not a good thing to forget. But now you should be thankful. Scientists found that forgetting is 3 important part of learning. Getting rid of (除掉) unnecessary information can help our brains (大脑) work 4 (well) than before. What kind of information is unnecessary? The environment is important. When our environment is always changing, our brains may want us to remember fewer 5 (thing). For example, a supermarket cashier (收银员) meets many people every day and probably will only remember 6 (they) for a short time. Our brains keep making new neurons (神经元). There is a special place 7 our brains called the hippocampus (海马体). It is important for us 8 (learn) and remember. When new neurons go into the hippocampus, they get rid of old things in our brains. So we forget so much information about the time when we were very young. 9 , it is not always good if you keep forgetting things. When you don’t have enough sleep, you 10 (usual) have a hard time remembering new information. Sleep helps the brain store and keep new information. So keeping enough sleep is very important. 1．ate 2．is 3．an 4．better 5．things 6．them 7．in 8．to learn 9．However 10．usually B When people say “culture”, we think of art and history. But one very famous symble in American culture is a cartoon. We all know 1 love the black mouse with two large round ears—Mickey Mouse. Over 80 years ago, he first 2 (appear) in the cartoon Steamboat Willie. When this cartoon came out in New York 3 November 18,1928, it was the 4 (one) cartoon with sound and music. The man behind Mickey was Walt Disney. He became very rich and 5 (success). In the 1930s, he made 87 cartoons with Mickey. Some people might ask how this cartoon animal became 6 popular. One of the main 7 (reason) is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger. In his early films, Mickey was unlucky and had many problems such as 8 (lose) his house or girlfriend, Minnie. However, he was always ready to try his best. People went to the cinema 9 (see) the “little man” win. Most of 10 (they) wanted to be like Mickey. 1．and 2．appeared 3．on 4．first 5．successful 6．so 7．reasons 8．losing 9．to see 10．them 模块四 课后作业 U1词汇 一、重点单词和短语 1. 人的（adj.）______________ 10. 发明（n.）_________________ 2. 恐龙（n.）________________ 11. 笔记本（n.）_______________ 3. 发明家（n.）______________ 12. 包含，包括（v.）___________ 4. 音乐家（n.）______________ 13. 甚至（adv.）_______________ 5. 科学家（n.）______________ 14. 然而（adv.）_______________ 6. 出生（v.）________________ 15. 突然（adv.）_______________ 7. 乡村（n.）________________ 16. 没有人（pron.）____________ 8. 才智；智慧（n.）__________ 17. 获胜，赢（v.）_____________ 9. 可能；大概（adv.）_________ 18. 美元（n.）_________________ 1. 在乡村；在农村 _________________________ 2. 人 _____________________________________ 3. 灭绝；消失 _____________________________ 4. 了解；弄清 _____________________________ 5. 去散步 _________________________________ 二、词汇运用。 从下面每小题的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出恰当的词语完成句子。 ( ) 1. A(n) ____ means someone who is good at playing music, usually as a job. A. scientist B. musician C. Inventor ( ) 2. If you want to know more about dinosaurs, you can ___ in the encyclopaedia. A. look for them B. look at them C. look them up ( ) 3. —He worked hard for the exam. _________, he didn’t pass it at last. —I think he didn’t find the right way. A. So B. And C. However ( ) 4. —The _________ of the computer has changed our lives a lot. —That’s true. I can’t imagine life without the computer. A. intelligence B. invention C. ability ( ) 5. — Excuse me, could you please help me _________ when the plane for Shanghai will take off ? —Sure. Wait a minute, please. A. find out B. look out C. put out 【答案】BCCBA U2词汇 一. 词汇默写。 1 充满智慧的 adj 14 奖赏；奖品 n 2 数字 n 15 黄金 n 3 印度 n 16 （使）加倍 v 4 指示；命令 n 17 剩余部分 n 5 国际象棋 n 18 数量 n 6 检查；核实 v 19 谷粒 n 7 儿子 n 20 代替；顶替 adv 8 克（重量单位） n 21 意识到；认识到 v 9 事故 n 22 抄写；誊写 v 10 向（某人）挑战 v 23 很早以前 (短语) 11 交通 n 24 …..等等 (短语) 12 许诺；承诺 v 25 向（某人）挑战 (短语) 13 准确无误地 adv 二. 选择填空。 ( )1. — You shouldn’t go out.It is raining outside!—Perhaps I should listen to you. A. Suddenly B. Finally C. Maybe ( )2. Do you why dinosaurs die out? A. remain B. disappear C. appear ( )3.Mary has the ability to do the job. A. is able B. wants C. allows ( )4. Human beings cannot live without water. A. Animals B. Plants C. People ( )5. This house includes five bedrooms, two living rooms and one kitchen. A. adds B. has C.carries ( )6.Nobody is in the classroom. Why? A. No one B. Someone C. Anyone ( )7. —What happened to Tom when he know he had won the game? —Suddenly he cried with joy. A．Loudly B．Excitedly C．Quickly and unexpectedly ( )8. It’s cool this evening. Let’s go for a walk. A. take a walk B. go on a picnic C. go to work ( )9. If someone _______ a match, he or she gets the first place. A. starts B. forgets C. wins ( )10. A _______ is a person who takes music as a job. A. musician B. poet C. receiver ( )11.When someone is _______, he or she comes out of his or her mother’s body. A．invited B．born C．required ( )12．—What’s the price of your new iPhone? —It’s about 1000 __________. A．dollars B．kilometers C．liters ( )13. — Sally is a clever girl, right?—Yes. She is a girl of great _______. A. energy B. beauty C. intelligence ( )14．—Is the mobile phone a great _________? —Yes, it was invented by a great _________, Martin Cooper. A．inventor; inventor B．invention; inventor C．inventor; invention ( )15．If you don’t know the new words, you can _________ in the dictionary. A．look for it B．look it at C．look them up 【答案】1-5CBACB 6-10CCACA 11-15BACBC 3． 阅读理解 People believe that some numbers can bring them good luck, so they like lucky numbers. In China, “8” is people’s favorite number, because it sounds like “fa” in Chinese. It means “becoming rich”. “6” is another lucky number for many people. So people like to choose numbers for their car numbers or phone numbers. And the car numbers or phone numbers with lucky numbers are more expensive than those without lucky numbers. The opening ceremony of 29th Olympics began at 8:08 p. m. on August 8, 2008 in Beijing. It was all about the number 8. While the number “4” means “death”(死亡) . So people try to avoid “4” in their car numbers and telephone numbers. However, many people don’t believe lucky numbers. They think a number may have different meanings in different places. As far as I know, there is no such relationship (联系) between the numbers and luck. People give each number a certain (固定的) meaning to make our life convenient and easy to understand. Numbers can’t give us good luck, so we shouldn’t depend on them. Some people may say that the lucky numbers really can bring good luck. But, at least, nothing can prove (证明) that. 1. What do Chinese think about the number “8”? A. It has both bad and good meanings. B. It means “being rich”. C. It sounds like “death” in Chinese. D. It doesn’t have any special meaning. 2. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “avoid”? A. 避免 B. 争取 C. 想念 D. 选择 3. What’s the function (功能) of numbers in fact? A. Giving us a fast memory. B. Showing good luck C. Making our life convenient. D. Helping people do something good. 4. What does the writer think of lucky numbers? A. He likes lucky numbers best. B. He is good at choosing numbers. C. He doesn’t depend on lucky numbers. D. He thinks good numbers make him lucky. 5. What’s the best title for the passage? A. The numbers. B. The good luck. C. The telephone numbers. D. The car numbers. 【答案】BACCA 第 1 页 共 17 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$