Unit 3～4寒假语法&词汇复习基础版讲义- 2024-2025学年沪教牛津版英语八年级上册

八上U 3-4寒假语法&词汇复习基础版 模块一 单词及课文复习讲解 Unit 3 一、课文回顾 Computer Facts Smaller and better In the 1940s, the first computers were bigger than cars. Now computers are becoming smaller and better. Some computers are ______ (极小的). You may _____ _____ ______（没意识到）them. There is probably one inside your TV or washing machine. You ______ _____(依靠) computers more than you realize. What can we do with computers? We can use computers to ______ (计算). They can calculate _____ _____ _____ ______（以更快的速度） than we can and almost never give wrong answers. We can also type and draw things with them. ______ _____(除……以外还), computers can do important jobs like ______ _____ (操控铁路系统) and flying planes and spaceships. Is a computer cleverer than me? The answer is “No’’. Your brain can produce new ideas but computers cannot. However, one day computers may _____ _____ ______（能够） do a better job than human beings. ______ _____(例如), they may be better than doctors at doing their job. What will happen to us if computers can do all our jobs? Will we have nothing to do? Computers may _____ _____ ______（改变我们的生活）, but will they make them better? 答案：tiny, be unaware of, depend on, calculate, at a faster speed, In addition, operating railways, be able to, For example, change our lives 二、词汇大过关 order speaker mouse control tiny speed company inch compare main unit type depend operate price sell (sold, sold) monitor keyboard brain expensive calculate railway total popular 三、词性转换 1. type v._______________ n _______________=_______________ 2. expensive adj. _______________= _______________ 3. depend v. _______________ adj _______________ (独立的) 4. calculate v. _______________ n _______________ (计算器) 5. operate v. _______________ n_______________ (操作者) n_______________ （手术） 6. in addition _______________= _______________ 答案：1.打字；种类；kind 2. 昂贵的；dear 3. 依赖；independent 4. 计算；calculator 5. 操作；operator；operation 6. 此外；besides 四、词汇练习。 （一）画线同义替换 ( ) 1. I didn’t buy the car because it was expensive. A. cost a lot of money B. cost little money C. was fast ( ) 2. His mother works as a street cleaner. A. works for B. is C. does ( ) 3. Some computers in this machine are tiny, so you can’t see them easily with your eyes. A. very small B. wide C. big ( ) 4. They stood next to me just now, but I was so busy with my work that I was unaware of that. A. didn’t look at B. didn’t see C. didn’t realize ( ) 5. I look forward to his reply to my letter. A. want to get B. am excited about C. look like ( ) 6. Mary goes to school on weekdays. In addition, she has piano lessons in the evening. A. Besides B. However C. Except ( ) 7. I don’t know how to operate this machine. A. sell B. work with C. buy ( ) 8. Computers almost never give wrong answers when calculating. A. sometimes B. often C. seldom ( ) 9. Tom is already over 18 years old, but he still depends on his parents. A. lives with B. needs help from C. stays with ( ) 10. His elder brother and sister can play the piano very well. A. is good at B. is able to C. does well ( ) 11. This is a new machine, so people don’t know how to control it. A. make B. operate C. work 【答案】1-5ABACA 6-11ABCBBB （二）单项选择 ( ) 1. The company made an________ for ten computers. A. order B. monitor C. mouse ( ) 2. ---What’s the ________ of the new bike? ----$ 1200. A. money B. price C. amount ( ) 3. What can we do with _______? ----We can use them for typing. A. mouses B. keyboards C. monitors ( ) 4. The coat is ______. I don’t have enough money to buy it. A. expensive B. cheap C. big ( ) 5. Some computers are so _____ that you can’t see them easily with your eyes. A. wide B. tiny C. large ( ) 6. It’s very convenient to use the computers to ______. They run faster than abacuses(算盘). A. compare B. sell C. calculate ( ) 7. ---I’m afraid I can’t speak in a loud voice because I have a cold. ---- Don’t worry. The _____ can make all of the people hear you. A. speaker B. mouse C. medicine ( ) 8. The book is ____. That is to say it is welcome and many people like it very much. A. popular B. lively C. complete ( ) 9. To ____ these pictures is to find out how they are same and how they are different. A. sell B. change C. compare ( ) 10. ---Slow down, please. It’s dangerous to drive so fast. ----I can’t ___ my car now. There must be something wrong with it. A. control B. move C. protect ( ) 11. ---After we grow up, we should not____ our parents too much. ---Yes, we should learn to take care of ourselves. A. take in B. get off C. depend on 【答案】1-5ABBAB 6-11CAACAC （三）根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I shouted him loudly, but he was _________ (aware) of me. 2. This is the _____________(expensive) bag I have ever seen. 3. Some ___________(company) are cutting costs and hoping for the best in hard time. 4. We all believe it is not easy for him __________(control) the electrical station. 5. Our teacher asked us _________(type) the composition as soon as possible. 6. I practiced __________(operate) the control. 7. It’s very late. In _________ (add), it’s raining hard. 8. Don’t be afraid to ask for advice about _______(order) the meal. 9. My sister is two years_________(old) than I. 10. Annie says Sally is the __________(kind) person in the world. 11. We are all looking forward to _________(have) a sports meeting. 【答案】1.unaware; 2.most expensive; 3.companies; 4.to control; 5.to type; 6.operating; 7.addition; 8.ordering; 9.older; 10.kindest; 11.having 第 6 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 4 一、课文回顾 Great inventions Great inventions change the world. They help people _____ _____ _____ ______（过更好的生活）. The following are three of the most important inventions ______ _____(在历史上). The wheel The wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history. After its invention, travelling became faster and more ______ (舒适的). A few thousand years ago, people started to use wheels on ______ (四轮马车). ______ _____ _____ _____ ______（19世纪初）, the first trains began to ______ _____(搭载乘客). _____ _____ _____ ______（在……开始的时候） the 20th century, cars became popular. _____ _____ ______（没有车轮）, we would not have these inventions. The telephone Alexander Graham Bell ______ (发明了) one of the first ______ (有用的) telephones in 1876. ______ _____(自那以来), people have been able to speak to______ _____(彼此) over ______ _____(远距离). Today ______ _____(数以百万计的) people _____ _____ ______（世界各地） own ______ _____(手机). They allow people to _____ _____ _____ ______（与……保持联系） each other ______ (在任何时候), anywhere. The light bulb Thomas Edison ______ (开发了) the first practical light bulb in 1879. Before the invention of the light bulb, people had to use ______ _____(油灯), gas lamps or ______ (蜡烛) to see at night. With light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can _____ _____ ______（在白天）. Can you imagine living without them? 答案：live a better life, in history, comfortable, carriages, In the early 19th century, carry passengers, At the start of, without wheels, invented, practical, Since then, each other, long distances, millions of, across the world, mobile phones, keep in touch with, anytime, developed, oil lamps, candles, in the daytime 二、词汇大过关 n. advertisement , telephone , wheel , carriage , century , passenger , distance , lamp , candle , daytime , dust , wing , introduction , petrol v. create , invent , develop adj. funny , comfortable , practical , special adv. since , anytime 三、词性转换 1.advertisement n. _______________ v. _______________ (做广告) n. _______________ (广告商) 2.funny adj. _______________ n. _______________ (乐趣) have fun=_______________ =_______________ (玩得开心) make fun of=_______________ (开某人的玩笑；取笑某人) 3.distance n. _______________ adj _______________ (遥远的) 短语： 在远处 _______________ 4.special adj. _______________ adv.特别地;专门地 _______________ n.专家_______________ 5.introduction n._______________ v.介绍 _______________ 答案：1.广告；advertise；advertiser 2. 滑稽的；fun have a good time; enjoy oneself laugh at 3. 距离；distant in the distance 4. 特殊的；specially;specialist 5. 引言；introduce 四、词汇练习。 （一）画线同义替换 ( ) 1. This kind of flower is very special, and most people have never seen it. A. usual B. unusual C. beautiful ( ) 2. This factory created a new kind of TV set. A. produced B. invented C. found ( ) 3. We only go to school during the day. A. day and night B. all day long C. in the daytime ( ) 4. The company is so great. Toys that they produced are popular in the market. A. took B. developed C. introduced ( ) 5. He would make something practical that people would like to buy. A. nice B. useful C. fantastic ( ) 6. Parents always tell children to stay away from the fire. A. live far from B. get close to C. keep off ( ) 7. The new sofa really felt very nice and soft. A. convenient B. comfortable C. colourful 【答案】1-7BBCBBCB （二）单项选择 ( ) 1. ---What’s the weather ______ today, Lily? ---It is ______ yesterday. A. /; as cold as B. like; so hot as C. like; as hot as ( ) 2. ---Tim, today is my birthday. Come to my birthday party tonight. ---I’m very sorry. My parents don’t ______ me to go out at night. A. care B. allow C. ask ( ) 3. ---Wow, this air conditioner is so ______. ---It is the most expensive one in our shop. It is also ____one. A. expensive; better B. expensive; the best C. cheap; better ( ) 4. ---This invention is so beautiful. ----In addition, it can _____ rain ____ our bag and our bags can keep dry in the rain. A. turn; off B. keep; in C. keep; off ( ) 5. ---Could you go to a movie with me____ your sister?---Of course. She has already seen that movie. A. instead of B. instead C. because of ( ) 6. --- I think you were born _____.--- Yes, I am five years ____ my brother. A. in the late 20th century, elder than B. In the early 21th century, older than C. in 1900s, elder than ( ) 7.How do you ____ your parents in Australia? ---By sending e-mails. A. keep in touch with B. fall n touch with C. talk about ( ) 8. ___computers, we can calculate _____ faster. A. Have; much B. With; very C. With; much ( )9. My house is very ____ for getting to work as it is only a few minutes walk from the subway station. A. comfortable B. beautiful C. convenient ( ) 10. ---Please ____ the tigers. It’s dangerous to take photos with them. –Oh, I see. Thank you. A. keep out B. take off C. keep off 【答案】1-5 CBBCA 6-10 BACCC （三）根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Sometimes, machines are ________(fast) at doing things than people. 2. The ___________(introduce) of his speech was very exciting then. 3. Today mobile phones allow people __________(talk) over long distances. 4. The musician wants to __________(creation) a new kind of music. 5. I practice ____________(speak) English every morning. 6. At the start of the _________(twenty) century, cars became popular. 7. Can you imagine ___________(live) without light bulbs? 8. It just made me feel____________(comfort) when I got a seat on the subway yesterday. 9. Is there anything __________ (specially) on TV tonight? 10. Newton is one of the most famous ___________(invent) in history. 11. This mobile phone doesn’t look beautiful, but it is really __________ (practice). 12. The __________ (distant) from my home to my school is quite long. 【答案】1.faster; 2.introduction; 3.to talk; 4.create; 5.speaking; 6.twentieth; 7.living; 8.comfortable; 9.special; 10.inventors; 11.practical; 12.distance 模块二 语法复习讲解 1、 语言知识点讲解 知识点1．形容词 1.含义：形容词修饰名词，用来说明人或事物的性质或特征。 [例1] This is a useful book. 知识点2．形容词有三个等级 1.原级：即原形，表示两者程度相同或不同的比较 [例2]She is as tall as I. [例3]It is not as cold today as yesterday. 2.比较级：表示两个人或物之间的比较 [例4]He is more exciting than me. 3. 最高级：表示三个或三个以上人或物之间的比较 [例5]My mother is the busiest in my family. 知识点3．形容词比较级和最高级的变化形式 (一).形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化(口诀：______________，______________ ) 比较级 最高级 规则变化 1.一般情况下，直接+ er cheap_______ tall_______ 1.一般情况下，直接+ est cheap_______ tall_______ 2.以e结尾，加 r late_______ nice_______ 2.e结尾，加st late_______ nice_______ 3.以“辅元辅”结尾，双写末尾辅音字母 + er hot_______ wet_______ 3.以“辅元辅”结尾，双写末尾辅音字母+ est hot_______ wet_______ 4.以辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i+ er happy_______ heavy_______ 4.以辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i+ est happy_______ heavy_______ 5.部分双音节、多音节词前加more beautiful______________ useful______________ 5.部分双音节、多音节词前加 most beautiful______________ useful______________ (二).形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化 单词 比较级 最高级 good/well better best 口诀： 两好三坏老得快 两多一少差得远 bad/badly/ill worse worst old older/elder oldest/eldest many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 知识点4．具体用法： (一)．形容词的原级 1、“ as+ adj原形. + as ” ，翻译为：______________ [例6]English is as important as Chinese. 2、“ not +as +adj原形. + as ”，翻译为：______________ [例7]This book isn’t as new as that one. (二)．形容词的比较级 1、“A + be + 比较级 + than + B”，翻译为：_____________ [例8]I am taller than you. 3、“比较级 + and + 比较级”，翻译为：______________ [例9] Our country will become more and more beautiful. 4、“the +比较级，the +比较级”，翻译为：______________ [例10]The sooner，the better. 6.修饰比较级的词有： a little, much, even等 [例11]It’s much colder today than yesterday. [例12]Please come a little earlier next time. [例13]This time he did it even worse. (三)．形容词的最高级 1、“the +最高级+in/of/among···” ，翻译为：“最···的” [例14]He is the tallest in the class. 2、“one of the+最高级+名词复数···”，翻译为：“最···之一” [例15]Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China. 根据句子意思, 用所给形容词的比较级或最高级补全句子。 1. Bob is _______ (young) than Fred. 2. Tom and John are both teachers. But Tom is _____ (patient) than John with students. 3. Which one is _______ (heavy), a hen or a chicken? 4. I think a train is very _____ (fast), a plane is _____ (fast) than a train and a spaceship is ____ (fast) among the three. 5. I think Alex is one of _______ (friendly) people in my class. 6. A dictionary is much ______ (expensive) than a storybook. 7. A plum (李子) is a little _____ (big) than a cherry, but much ______ (small) than a watermelon. 8. Toronto is _____ (large) city in Canada. 9. Last weekend, David played football with some of his friends. And they all think that football is ______ (interesting) of all the sports. 10. Yesterday, we had a Maths exam. I think the ninth question is ______ (difficult) of all the questions. 11. He is _______ (clever) than any other boy in Class Two. 12. --- Jim, which is _____ (valuable) metal, iron, silver or gold? --- Gold. 13. --- Would you like to watch Transformers with me tonight? --- Yes, of course. I think it’s ____ (popular) than Avatar. 14. Where is the _______ (near) bus station? 15. Shanghai is one of ______ (beautiful) cities in China. 【答案】1.younger; 2.more patient; 3.heavier; 4.fast, faster; the fastest; 5.the most friendly 6.more expensive 7.bigger,smaller; 8.the largest; 9.the most interesting; 10.the most difficult; 11.cleverer; 12.the most valuable; 13.more popular; 14.nearest; 15.the most beautiful 模块三 八上3-4单元话题语法填空专练 A The first robots were invented in the 1920s. Now robots often 1 (appear) in many American films. In some films, they are stronger, faster and 2 (clever) than people. In real life, the robot is a very important 3 (invent) can do some dangerous and difficult jobs for humans. Robots also help disabled people. Many blind people take a guide dog 4 (go) out. In the future, guide dogs may be robot dogs. One kind of robot guide dog has 5 (wheel). The owner wears a special belt (腰带). This belt sends instructions 6 the owner, such as “Stop here.” or “Turn right.” It helps blind people walk 7 (safe). In the United States, disabled people use a kind of robot to take care of 8 (them) in their daily life. The robot hears the sound of its owner’s voice. It follows instructions such as “Turn the page.” or “Make a cup of coffee.” Robots are also used in hospitals. A robot takes meals from the kitchen to patient’s rooms. It never gets lost because 9 robot has a map of the hospital in its memory. 10 robots can help people do everything, will we have nothing to do one day? 1．appear 2．cleverer 3．invention 4．to go 5．wheels 6．to 7．safely 8．themselves 9．the 10．If B There are many different stories about the history of the umbrella. According to 1 old Chinese story, the umbrella was invented by Lu Ban’s wife. Lu Ban was the most famous craftsman(工匠) 2 ancient China. One day, Lu Ban and his wife were   3 (take) a walk by the West Lake. They were enjoying the beautiful lotus(荷花)when it started to rain 4 (heavy). They were wet all over when they returned home. “It’s terrible to get wet in the rain,” Lu Ban’s wife said. “Can you make something to keep the rain out?” The craftsman replied, “I can build some pavilions(亭子) along the West Lake. 5 a result, you can hide under 6 (they) when it rains.” “But pavilions can’t move,” Lu Ban’s wife said.“Is it possible 7 (make)a movable pavilion that will always follow people when they walk?” She wanted to build much 8 (good) “pavilions”.    One day, Lu Ban’s wife saw some children playing in the rain. They were holding up large lotus 9 (leaf) to keep out the rain. She got a good idea from them. The next day, she made the 10 (one) umbrella out of silk and bamboos. “What a nice umbrella!” Lu Ban was amazed by it. 1．an 52．in 3．taking 4．heavily 5．As 6．them 7．to make 8．better 59．leaves 10．first 模块四 课后作业 一．词汇选择题。 i. 根据句意，选择与划线部分意思最接近的选项。 ( )1. — I like a coat, but it’s expensive. I don’t know whether I should buy it or not. —If you don’t have enough money, you had better not buy it. A. not cheap B. not long C. not short ( )2. — Ants are tiny, and it’s hard to notice them. —Yes, but their power is huge. A. very cold B. very big C. very small ( )3. — Who is the most popular singer in your country? —I think it’s Jay Chou. I like his songs. A. welcome B. ordinary C. helpful ( )4. — You had better read the introduction book before you use this machine. —Thank you. I will read it and use this machine carefully. A. guide B. price C. example ( )5. — I want to be an inventor in the future, because I want to create many useful tools. —That is a great dream. Hope you can achieve it. A. succeed B. invent C. introduce ( )6. — Thanks for your practical experience, and I have lost five pounds. —I am so glad I can help you. A. weak B. difficult C. useful ( )7. — How many gifts did you receive on your birthday? —The total number is 10. A. whole B. rest C. special ( )8. — Excuse me, Sir. Can you help me operate this machine? I don’t know how to use it. —Sure，with pleasure. A. develop B. control C. promise ii. 从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。 ( )9. __________ is the organ inside your head that controls how you think, feel, and move. A. Brain B. Hand C. Nose ( )10. If you say something is__________ , it means it will make you laugh. A. wise B. funny C. good ( )11. — Will you go to the Great Wall tomorrow? —I’m not sure. It__________ on the weather. A. depends B. checks C. includes ( )12. — Did you see Mary these years? — No, I didn’t. __________ she left London ten years ago, I haven’t seen her again. A. Since B. Before C. Unless ( )13. — What’s your job now? —I am__________ a computer engineer in a company. A. keeping off B. working as C. finding out ( )14. — The students can’t hear my voice clearly. What should I do? —You can use a__________. A. speaker B. keyboard C. mouse ( )15. — Do you see the__________ on TV? It asks us to protect our Earth. —Yes, I see it. It’s great and we really need to do something to protect the Earth. A. price B. advertisement C. prize 【答案】1-5 ACAAB 6-10CABAB 11-15AABAB 二．完形填空。 In China’s old stories, Cangjie created characters (文字). Cangjie was very 1 , so the leader Huangdi gave him the job of recording (记录) things. However, Cangjie found that the job became more 2 as the number of the things to record grew. He wanted to find out a(n) 3 to solve the problem. One day, Cangjie went hunting (打猎) with several other people. He 4 the hunters chose their way by looking at the different hoof prints (蹄印) of animals. After seeing this, Cangjie thought 5 there were different symbols for different things, he would be able to remember all the important things easily. Through hard work, he finally 6 the symbols for writing. Huangdi was very happy with Cangjie’s work and asked him to teach the symbols to others. They all 7 Cangjie. Overtime he got proud (骄傲的). Cangjie was teaching a class one day. An old man 8 carefully to him. After the class, the old man asked Cangjie, “The symbols you created for the horse and the donkey (驴) show they have four legs. A cow also has four legs. But 9 doesn’t the symbol for the cow show that? And the symbol for the fish has four legs but no tail?” Cangjie found he mixed the two symbols up when teaching. He felt very 10 for that. From then on, Cangjie was more careful about his work. 1．A．kind B．outgoing C．smart D.foolish 2．A．expensive B．interesting C．difficult D.cheap 3．A．way B．size C．answer D.question 4．A．thought B．found C．agreed D.checked 5．A．and B．if C．because D.or 6．A．explain B．copied C．created D.operated 7．A．missed B．thanked C．touched D.moved 8．A．listened B．talked C．walked D.said 9．A．why B．where C．when D.how 10．A．scared B．excited C．sorry D.worried 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了仓颉创造象形字的故事。 $$