Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 知识点导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

语言点 Reading and Thinking Page2, Page3 (指示性缩略语说明：Para1,指课文第1段。Line1指本段第1行。Page2指课本第2页。相关类似) (颜色使用说明二：红色为宏观位置提示。绿色为重要语言点提醒。紫色为必做笔记部分。) (附录：课文汉语译文) Para1, Line1, Page2 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 until引导的时间状语从句 此句中的until引导的是时间状语从句，其具体用法如下： •若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。 •倒装结构：“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。 •强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。 活学活用 (1)(2022·浙江1月，读后续写) I left the hospital with confidence，promising that I would keep trying . 我满怀信心地离开了医院，并承诺我会继续努力，直到完美地完成这个项目。 (2)(读后续写之后悔心理描写)Jane didn’t let out a cry of regret until she got lost in the forest. ① Jane let out a cry of regret.(用倒装句改写) ② Jane let out a cry of regret.(用强调句改写) Keys: (1) until I finished the project wonderfully (2). ①Not until she got lost in the forest did ②It was not until she got lost in the forest that Para1, Line3, Page2 This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. 它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。 severe adj. extremely bad or serious 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的 not kind or showing sympathy; not smiling or showing approval 严厉的 be severe on/with 对……严厉 be severe with oneself 严于律己 severely adv. 严重地; 严格地，严厉地 e.g. His injuries are severe. The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders. She was a severe woman who seldom smiled. 单句语法填空。 (1) I do not like to be severe _________ anyone, but our own situation is serious. (2) You should first of all be severe _________ yourself and set an example to your kids. (3) A fire had _________ (severe) damaged the warehouse. Keys: (1)on (2)with (3)severely Para1, Line5, Page2 In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. 十九世纪初，霍乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。 die from: die owing to 死于 拓展：die away (声音、风或光) 逐渐消失 die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息 die of 因……而死 die out 灭绝；消失 by dying for/ to do sth. 渴望得到某物/ 做某事 词条辨析： die of “死于疾病”既可用die of, 也可用die from表示。 死于(疾病、过度悲伤等内部原因) die from 死于(某种外部原因) 完成句子 (1) In 2020, many species of animals ____________ (死于) the forest fire in Australia. (2) It is well known that smoking does harm to health. A lot of people ____________ (死于) lung cancer and heart disease due to smoking. Keys: (1)from (2)die of Para1, Line7, Page2 In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. 后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。 in time, 后来;经过一段时间之后;及时;终于 attend vt.出席；参加；上(学)；照顾；护理 vi.照料；处理 attend to sb/sth照料……；处理……；招待…… [易混辨析] attend，join，join in，take part in •attend表示出席，参加(会议、讲座、婚礼等正式场合)，也指去听报告。 •join表示参加某一团体，并作为其中一个成员，如入党、入团、参军和参加俱乐部等；如果后接人，则表示参加某人的活动。 •join in后接活动，强调与他人一起参与某一活动。 •take part in后接活动，尤指多人参加的群体性大型活动。 活学活用 (1)(应用文写作之道歉信)I must apologize to you for not being able to accompany you tonight because I have an urgent thing to . 因为我有紧急事情要处理，今天晚上我不能陪伴你，我必须向你道歉。 (2) Thanks to his timely and generous help，I could (to) my mother so well. 多亏他及时的慷慨相助，我才能很好地照顾我的妈妈。 (3)(应用文写作之建议信)Firstly，it is necessary for you to attend class on time(按时上课). Furthermore，why not join your classmates in discussions(和你的同学一起参与讨论)？Last but not least，taking an active part in extra-curricular activities(积极参加课外活动) is also a good choice. Keys: (1) attend to (2) attend (to) (3) attend class on time, join your classmates in discussions, taking an active part in extra-curricular activities Para2, Line1, Page2 In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。 contradictory adj. containing or showing a contradiction 互相矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反 e.g. His remark was contradictory to the truth. 拓展：contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾 contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法 Don’t contradict! 别顶嘴 in (direct) contradiction to 与……恰恰相反 完成句子 (1) But the information I got was rich and varied, or even _____________. 但我得到的信息丰富多样，甚至相互矛盾。 (2) People found this sort of ____________ (contradict) reality to accept. 人们觉得这矛盾的现实难以接受。 (3) He kept ___________________ when we were arguing ― I think he was a bit confused. 当我们争论的时候他为断自相矛盾―我认为他有点困惑了。 (4) Your attitude is in contradiction __________ your character. 你的态度和你的性格相矛盾。 Keys: (1) contradictory (2) contradictory (3) contradicting himself (4)to Para2, Line3, Page2 Snow subscribed to the second theory. 斯诺赞同第二种看法。 subscribe v.认购(股份),定期订购,定期缴纳(会费) e.g. Each employee may subscribe for up to￡2,000 worth of shares. You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year. She subscribes to an environmental action group. subscribe to ,赞同；订阅(报纸、杂志等)；签字认可，同意；向……捐赠 subscribe for 预订；认购 拓展: subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者 a subscriber to… ……的订阅者 subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款 活学活用 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中划线词汇的意思 subscribe to A.订阅　B.赞成；同意　C.捐助 (1).Bernard excitedly subscribed to my idea of making popcorn to earn some money. (2020·新高考全国 Ⅰ，读后续写) (2).It was the outstanding astronomer who always subscribed to our school，for which we were sincerely grateful. (3).To broaden our horizons and enrich our school life，we students willingly subscribe to China Daily. Keys: (1).B (2).C (3).A 单句语法填空。 (4).She used to subscribe ___________ an environmental action group. (5).Have you handed in your ___________ (subscribe)? (6).Write away now for the free album offered to every new ___________ (subscribe). Keys: (4). to (5). subscription (6). subscriber Para2, Line6, Page2 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 so/such...that...引导的结果状语从句 此句中含有“so...that...”的句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，其用法如下： •so...that...句型的常见形式： so＋adj./adv.＋that... so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数可数)＋that... so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that... •such...that...句型的常见形式： such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数可数)＋that... such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that... •当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。 活学活用 (1)(2022·天津，书面表达) The Spoken English Club holds regularly that it appeals to/attracts more and more students. Many club members have made that they can speak English more fluently than before. 英语口语俱乐部定期举办很多活动，以至于吸引了越来越多的学生。许多俱乐部成员取得了很大的进步，他们的英语说得比以前更流利了。 Keys: so many activities, such great progress (2)(读后续写之紧张心理描写)随着汽车逐渐靠近他的家乡，他的心剧烈地跳动，他感到非常紧张。 ①As the car got closer and closer to his hometown，his heart beat . ②As the car got closer and closer to his hometown， .(用倒装句改写) Keys: ①so violently that he felt very nervous. ②so violently did his heart beat that he felt very nervous. (3)(2022·浙江1月，应用文写作)“中国－爱尔兰文化节”是一个非常有意义的活动，我永远不会忘记。 ①The China-Ireland Cultural Festival is .(so...that...) ②The China-Ireland Cultural Festival is .(such...that...) ③ .(such...that...的倒装句) Keys: ①so meaningful an activity that I will never forget it ②such a meaningful activity that I will never forget it. ③Such a meaningful activity is the China-Ireland Cultural Festival that I will never forget it. Para3, Line10, Page2 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；认为(坏事可能属实或发生)；不信任n.被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人 suspect that＋从句　怀疑……；觉得…… suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect… to be/ as 怀疑……是…… e.g. I have no reason to suspect her honesty. The police suspect him of having taken the money. I suspected him to be a liar. He is the prime suspect in the case. 拓展：suspicion n. 怀疑 suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的 常用“vt.+ sb. + of sth.”短语 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 cure sb. of sth. 给某人治愈某病；改正(某人的不良行为) inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某事 活学活用 (2020·全国 Ⅰ，书面表达)我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀疑我们会实现梦想。 (1)The person I respect most is my English teacher，who .(suspect that...) (2)The person I respect most is my English teacher，who .(suspect sb of...) Keys: (1) never suspects that we can achieve our dreams. (suspect that...) (2) never suspects us of achieving our dreams. (suspect sb of...) 单句语法填空。 (3) Some people suspected him _________ theft. (4) The police suspected the designer _________ (be) the murderer. (5) Two _________ (suspect) in connection with the killing are now being questioned. (6) They suspected me of _________ (have) something to do with the affair. (7) you’ll need to convince them _________ the convenience of using credit cards to buy things. Keys: (3)of (4)to be (5)suspects (6)having (7)of Para3, Line11, Page2 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.过失；责备，指责 •be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任；应受责备 blame sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事责备某人；把(做)某事归咎于某人 blame sth on sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事 •accept/bear/take the blame for sth对某事负责任 put the blame on把责任归咎于…… put/ lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事的责任推到某人身上 活学活用 (1)What made me frustrated was that the boss put the blame me. (2)Despite the fact that nobody blamed the whole incident him，he was brave enough to accept the blame it. (3)Although the teaching assistant the severe mistake，the foreign teacher didn’t . 尽管这名助教对这个严重的错误负有责任，外教却没有因为这个错误责备她。 Keys: (1)on (2)on, for (3) was to blame for, blame her for it. 单句语法填空。 (4) She doesn’t’t blame anyone _________ her father’s death. (5) The narrator was _________ (blame) for the misunderstanding. (6) We were ready to take the blame _________ what had happened. (7) They think the blame should be placed _________ the conductor. Keys: (4) for (5) to blame (6) for (7) on was to blame 不定式的主动形式表示被动的含义 1. n.+ be+ adj.+to do 这个结构中常用表特征或性质的形容词，如difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。句子的主语与不定式是被动关系，形容词表示主语的特征或性质，用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。 e.g. The question was very difficult to answer. 2. n.+ be+ too + adj. + to do e.g. The thing is too small to see. 3. n. + be + adj. + enough to do e.g. The box is light enough to carry. 【语境应用】完成句子。 (8) The expert said that the polluted air _____________ for this disease. 这位专家说污染的空气是这种疾病的罪魁祸首。 (9) Modern methods of/ for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 自20世纪80年代中期以来，才采用追踪北极熊种群的现代方法，而且在一个大区域内持续进行，花费是巨大的。 (10) today’s homework was easy ________ (do), so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play. 今天的家庭作业很容易做，所以迈克很快就做完了，然后出去玩了。 Keys: (8) was to blame (9) to perform (10) to do Para3, Line17, Page2 Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。 Handle n.把手；拉手；柄 v. 处理, 应付(局势、人、工作或感情)；触, 拿, 搬动；控制, 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) handle sth. well / perfectly / badly/ poorly 处理某事好/完美/不好/很差 handle a problem 处理问题 handle difficult customers 应付难对付的顾客 handle the situation well 很好地应对局势 e.g. turn the handle the handle of a knife She’s very good at handling her patients. Wear rubber gloves when handling cat litter. I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car. 完成句子 (1)The public never had faith in his ability __________ (handle) the job. 公众从来不相信他有能力胜任这一职位。 (2) We got into trouble because none of us knew how __________ (handle) the machine. 我们遇到了麻烦，因为我们都不知道如何操作这台机器。 (3) ___________________ (转动把手) and you will open the safe. Keys:(1) to handle (2) to handle (3) Turn the handle Para3, Line17, Page2 Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。 have sth. done 使某事被……(可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做); (主语)遭遇/ 经历某种不幸的事 have sth. done 结构中，过去分词作宾补。用过去分词作宾补表示被动或动作已经完成。 have sth. done 可表四种不同的意义： (1) (主语) 请/ 派别人完成某事； (2) (主语) 完成某事(可能参与)； (3) (主语) 遭受某种不幸的情况； (4) 用于否定句中，表示“不允许……”“不让” 拓展：have sb. to sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人去做某事 have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事(动作延续) 完成句子 (1) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph__________(take). 我需要一个新护照，所以我得去让人给我照相。 (2) You’d better have the old furniture __________ (remove) out of the room. 你最好找人把这些旧家具从房间里搬出去。 Keys: ( 1) taken (2) removed Para4, Line2, Page3 Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. 此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。 link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 •There is a link between...and...……与……之间有联系。 •link...to/with...将……和……联系或连接起来 be linked to...与……有联系/有关 e.g. Is there a link between smoking and the disease? Each link that makes up a chain is equally important. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland. I have heard his name linked with that of a well-known person. 单句语法填空 (1) Regular air traffic links the city _________ the rest of the country. (2) High unemployment is not necessarily linked _________ the rise in prices. (3) There are a lot of wireless _________ (link) in a radio. (4) The television camera _________ (link) to a computer. Keys: (1) to (2) with (3) links (4) is linked 完成句子 (5)(话题写作之健康饮食) ，and consequently，it would be a brilliant idea . 健康问题和不良的饮食习惯之间是有联系的，因此，如果我们能够把身体健康和健康的饮食联系起来，这会是个好主意。 (6)(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作) Besides，other facilities ranging from printers，whiteboards to projectors are available，all of which . 此外，还有其他设备可以使用，从打印机、白板到投影仪，所有这些设备都与互联网相连。 Keys: (5) There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits，and consequently，it would be a brilliant idea if we could link physical health to/with healthy diets. (6) Besides，other facilities ranging from printers，whiteboards to projectors are available，all of which are linked to the Internet. Para5, Line2, Page3 Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 decrease n．减少；降低；减少量vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 •on the decrease 正在减少 on the increase正在增加 •decrease to...减少到…… decrease by...减少了…… decrease from...to...从……减少到…… decease in … 在……方面减少 e.g. The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year. Average house prices decreased by 13% last year. This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year. 活学活用 (1)Furthermore，the number of the students in our school reading classics has decreased 30%.That is，the number has decreased 1,000 700. (2)Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs ，but thanks to various relevant activities，the number of those who appreciate Chinese traditions . 青少年对中国古代传统和习俗的了解正在减少，但多亏了各种相关活动，欣赏中国传统的人数正在增加。 Keys: (1)by, from, to (2)is on the decrease/is decreasing, is on the increase/is increasing. 单句语法填空。 (3) The number of students in each class is _________ the decrease. (4) The decrease _________ sales was almost 20 percent. (5) The production of wheat has decreased _________ 20% because of the dry weather. (6) The latest warm period has caused the number of glaciers to decrease _________ 150 in 1850 to 26 today. Keys:(3)on (4)in (5)by (6)from Para5, Line4, Page3 Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. 幸运的是，由于约翰・斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。 thanks to幸亏，由于 e.g. Thanks to your help, we succeeded． It was all a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work. 其他表示“原因”的短语还有：because of，on account of，as a result of，常作状语，一般不作表语，常可置于句首或句末；due to，owing to“因为，由于”，在句中作状语或表语。 活学活用 辨析填空：thanks to/ due to/ because of /owing to (1) He was out of work _________________________ a physical injury. (2) Most of the problems were _________________________ human error. (3) _____________________________ your help, I got the position advertised in the newspaper. (4) The town was cut off from the rest of the world _________________________ heavy snow. Keys: (1) due to/owing to/because of (2)due to/owing to (3)Thanks to/Owing to/Because of (4)due to/owing to 完成句子 (5)(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写) “ ，I could take part in the cross-country run，” David said，with tears of gratitude shining in his eyes. 大卫说：“多亏了你的鼓励和帮助，我才能参加越野长跑。”感激的泪水在他的眼里闪烁。 (6)I hold the strong belief that your outstanding success is your hard work and tireless efforts. 我坚信你杰出的成就是因为你的勤奋工作和不懈努力。 Keys: (5)Thanks to your encouragement and assistance (6) due to/owing to Para5, Line5, Page3 moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. 此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 1) transform vt. 使改变形态，使改观 ；vi. 改变；转变 transform … (from…) into … 把……变成…… transform … with … 用……来改变…… transformation n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数) transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的 transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器 trans- 横过；穿过；变换；转移 transmit=trans+mit（送） v.传送 transparent = trans + par（看；apparent a. 明显的）+ ent → 可以看穿的 → adj. 透明的 transport = trans + port（搬运；import和export）→ 从一地搬到另一地 → n.交通运输 transplant = trans + plant（种植）→ v./n. 移植 transform = trans + form（形式）→ 改变形式 →vt. 改革；变换 transaction= trans+act（做、使变化）+ion（名词后缀）→ 使...从一种形态变成另一种形态→vt.交易 e.g. This equipment can transform light into energy. We can transform the world with our knowledge. The sofa can transform for use as a bed. 完成句子 (1) They successfully ______________________________ (把这家公司变成) a global one. (2) The art gallery ___________________________ (由……改造而成) an old railway station. (3) It's said that the shape of such a toy ___________________ (是可变形的). (4) His attitude to life has gone through a(n) _____________ (改变). Keys: (1) transformed the company into (2) was transformed from (3) is transformable (4) transformation Para5, Line5, Page3 moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. 此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 the way+定语从句 way作“方式，方法”讲，后接定语从句。 关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词用that, in which或省略。 e.g. The way (that/ in which) he did it attracted me. 关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词用that或which (作宾语时关系词可省略)。 e.g. I did it in the way (that/ which) you told me. 附录：课文汉语译文 To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science. ----Albert Einstein & Leopold Infeld 提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。 Reading and Thinking JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “ KING CHOLERA” 约输•斯诺战胜“霍乱王” Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor. John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 在英国医生约翰・斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，霍乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望 In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water 事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰・斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$