内容正文:
第02讲 名词短语、形容词短语&副词短语
考点聚焦:核心考点+小考考点,有的放矢
重点速记:知识点和关键点梳理,查漏补缺
难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升
学以致用:真题感知+提升专练,全面突破
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考
点1
. 名词短语(NP)
)
定义要点:
是一种短语结构,其中心词为名词,其他词或短语围绕该名词对其起到修饰、限定、说明等作用,整体在句子中的功能相当于名词。
结构要点:
限定词 + 名词:例如 “a book”(一本书),“a” 作为限定词限定了后面的名词 “book”,表明数量是一本;“the pen”(这支笔),“the” 特指某一支笔。
形容词 + 名词:像 “beautiful flowers”(美丽的花),“beautiful” 修饰 “flowers”,描述花的外观特征;“big house”(大房子),说明房子的大小属性。
名词所有格 + 名词:比如 “Tom's book”(汤姆的书),通过 “Tom's” 表明书所属的对象是汤姆;“my mother's car”(我妈妈的车),清晰指出车的所有者。
数词 + 名词:“two dogs”(两条狗),“two” 明确了狗的数量;“five students”(五个学生),用数词对数目的多少进行限定。
动名词 + 名词:“swimming pool”(游泳池),“swimming” 是动名词,表明这个池子的用途是用于游泳;“reading room”(阅览室),说明房间是用来阅读的。
不定式 + 名词:“time to go”(该走的时间),“to go” 作为不定式修饰 “time”,表示时间是用于出发的;“way to solve the problem”(解决问题的办法),指出是能用来解决问题的途径。
名词 + 介词短语:“students in the classroom”(教室里的学生),“in the classroom” 这个介词短语限定了 “students” 所在的位置;“books on the desk”(桌子上的书),说明书本所处的地点。
名词 + and/but 等连词 + 名词:“boys and girls”(男孩和女孩),用 “and” 连接两个名词表示并列关系;“apples or bananas”(苹果或香蕉),“or” 表示选择关系。
功能要点:
作主语:例如 “Beautiful flowers make the room lively.”(美丽的花使房间充满生机。),句子中 “Beautiful flowers” 作为主语,是动作 “make” 的执行者,表达了什么事物让房间变得有生机。
作宾语:“I like reading books.”(我喜欢读书。),“reading books” 在这里充当动词 “like” 的宾语,说明喜欢的对象是什么。
作表语:“My hobby is collecting stamps.”(我的爱好是集邮。),“collecting stamps” 作为表语,用于说明主语 “My hobby” 具体是什么内容。
作宾补:“We made Tom our monitor.”(我们选汤姆做我们的班长。),“our monitor” 补充说明宾语 “Tom” 的身份,是宾语补足语。
· 考点再现
1. 句 “Many beautiful flowers in the park attract bees.” 中名词短语结构及成分?
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答案:“Many beautiful flowers in the park”,结构 “限定词(Many) + 形容词(beautiful) + 名词(flowers) + 介词短语(in the park)”,成分是主语。
解析:围绕 “flowers” 修饰,作句子描述主体,所以是主语。
2. 句 “____ (book)on the desk is mine.” 中填入合适名词短语并说功能及原因。
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答案:“The book”。功能是主语,原因:句子描述桌上某东西是我的,需名词短语表主体,它符合。
解析:符合语义逻辑,作为被描述对象,能充当主语让句子完整。
3. 句 “Those cute kittens playing outside are lovely.” 中名词短语可简化成啥不改变基本意?
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答案:“Those kittens”。
解析:原短语详细描述外面玩耍的可爱小猫,简化后只指那些小猫,核心意思不变。
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考点2
. 形容词短语(AdjP)
)
定义要点:
以形容词作为中心词,其他成分用来修饰、补充这个形容词,整体在句子里的功能与形容词一致,用于描述人、事物的性质、状态等特点。
结构要点:
副词 + 形容词:比如 “very good”(非常好),“very” 这个副词用来加强 “good” 的程度,更具体地表达好的程度;“quite beautiful”(相当美丽),“quite” 修饰 “beautiful”,让美丽的程度更明确。
形容词 + 介词短语:“afraid of the dark”(害怕黑暗),“afraid” 是形容词,“of the dark” 这个介词短语进一步说明害怕的对象是什么;“good at English”(擅长英语),表明在哪方面具备 “good” 这种擅长的特质。
形容词 + 不定式:“happy to help”(乐意帮忙),“happy” 作为形容词,“to help” 不定式说明高兴是针对帮忙这件事的;“eager to learn”(渴望学习),表明渴望的具体行为是学习。
形容词 + and/but 等连词 + 形容词:“big and bright”(又大又明亮),通过 “and” 连接两个形容词,同时描述事物具备两种并列的特点;“small but lovely”(小但可爱),“but” 连接表示转折关系的两种特点。
功能要点:
修饰名词或代词(作定语):“The cute baby is sleeping.”(这个可爱的宝宝正在睡觉。),“cute” 修饰名词 “baby”,限定是可爱的宝宝;“She is a kind girl.”(她是一个善良的女孩。),“kind” 修饰 “girl”,描述女孩的性格特点。
作表语:“The weather is nice today.”(今天天气很好。),“nice” 作为形容词短语的中心词,在这里作表语,说明主语 “the weather” 的状况;“He seems tired.”(他看起来很累。),“tired” 对主语 “He” 的状态进行描述。
作宾补:“We found the story interesting.”(我们觉得这个故事很有趣。),“interesting” 补充说明宾语 “the story” 给人的感觉,起到宾语补足语的作用。
作状语(少数情况):“Glad to see you, I smiled.”(很高兴见到你,我笑了。),“Glad to see you” 这个形容词短语在这里相当于一个状语,说明 “我笑了” 的原因,是因为见到对方很高兴。
· 考点再现
1. 句 “The dress, nice to wear, is popular.” 中形容词短语结构及功能、效果?
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答案:“nice to wear”,结构 “形容词(nice) + 不定式(to wear)”,功能后置定语,效果让裙子特点更具体,解释受欢迎原因。
解析:修饰 “The dress” 说明穿着方面优点,后置定语让描述更生动,使读者明白受欢迎缘由。
2. 用“for kids”“fun”组形容词短语,然后造句,并说语法功能。
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答案:“fun for kids”,句 “It's fun for kids to play here.”,功能表语,描述 “it” 指代的玩这事性质。
解析:在系表结构里,位于系动词后,说明玩在此处对孩子的性质是有趣的,所以是表语。
3. 改 “He seems a little sad.” 换形容词短语且意思基本不变,分析新短语结构及功能。
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答案:“He seems a little upset.”,“a little upset” 单个形容词结构,功能表语,描述他状态。
解析:放在系动词 “seems” 后,起说明主语状态作用,和原 “a little sad” 表意功能一致。
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考点3
. 副词短语(AdvP)
)
定义要点:
以副词作为中心词,搭配其他词语对该副词进行修饰、补充,在句子里行使副词的功能,常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子,表明时间、地点、方式、程度等情况。
结构要点:
副词 + 副词:例如 “very carefully”(非常仔细地),“very” 修饰 “carefully”,进一步强调仔细的程度;“quite slowly”(相当缓慢地),“quite” 加强了 “slowly” 表示缓慢的程度。
副词 + 介词短语:“far from here”(离这里很远),“far” 作为副词说明距离的远近,“from here” 这个介词短语补充距离是相对于哪里而言的;“quickly to the classroom”(快速地朝教室去),表明去教室的速度和方向。
副词 + and/but 等连词 + 副词:“again and again”(再三地,反复地),通过 “and” 连接两个 “again”,强调重复的次数多;“slowly but steadily”(缓慢但稳定地),“but” 连接表示转折关系的两个副词,描述动作进行的状态特点。
功能要点:
修饰动词(作状语):“He runs very fast.”(他跑得非常快。),“very fast” 这个副词短语修饰动词 “runs”,说明跑的速度情况;“She sings beautifully.”(她唱歌唱得很动听。),“beautifully” 修饰 “sings”,表明唱歌的方式和效果。
修饰形容词(作状语):“The movie is really interesting.”(这部电影真的很有趣。),“really” 修饰形容词 “interesting”,加强有趣的程度;“The box is too heavy.”(这个箱子太重了。),“too” 修饰 “heavy”,突出重的程度。
修饰副词(作状语):“He writes quite carefully.”(他写得相当仔细。),“quite” 修饰副词 “carefully”,进一步强化仔细的程度;“She speaks English very fluently.”(她英语说得非常流利。),“very” 修饰 “fluently”,更具体地说明流利的程度。
修饰整个句子(作状语):“Luckily, we arrived on time.”(幸运的是,我们按时到达了。),“Luckily” 这个副词短语修饰整个句子,表明后面所述事情发生的一种幸运的状况;“Generally speaking, it's a good idea.”(一般来说,这是个好主意。),“Generally speaking” 用于对整个句子所表达的观点进行一种普遍性的说明。
· 考点再现
1. 句 “She writes very neatly.” 中副词短语结构及修饰对象?
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答案:“very neatly”,结构 “副词(very) + 副词(neatly)”,修饰对象 “writes”。
解析:“very” 加强 “neatly” 程度,整体修饰动词 “writes”,说明书写状态。
2. 用 “slow”“enough” 组副词短语造含 “that...” 的句子并说语法功能。
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答案:“slow enough”,句 “He walked slow enough that he missed the bus.”,功能修饰 “walked” 作状语。
解析:描述走路速度情况,放在动词后修饰它,体现动作状态与结果关联,作状语。
3. 填句 “The car runs ____.” 合适副词短语并说功能及效果。
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答案:“smoothly”(答案不唯一),功能修饰 “runs” 作状语,效果体现车运行平稳状态。
解析:说明车跑起来的状态,让读者知晓其运行情况,作状语丰富句子表意。
一、单项选择题(10 小题,每题 2 分,共 20 分)
1. Which of the following phrases is a noun phrase? ( )
A. jump high B. a sunny day C. really beautiful D. quite fast
答案:B
解析:A 选项 “jump high” 是动词短语,“jump” 为动词,“high” 修饰 “jump”;C 选项 “really beautiful” 是形容词短语,“beautiful” 是中心词,“really” 修饰 “beautiful”;D 选项 “quite fast” 是副词短语,“fast” 是中心词,“quite” 修饰 “fast”。而 B 选项 “a sunny day” 以 “day” 为名词中心词,“a” 是限定词,“sunny” 是形容词,共同修饰 “day”,符合名词短语的构成特点,所以选 B。
2. 下列短语中,属于形容词短语的是( )
A. read books B. good at math C. my pen D. run slowly
答案:B
解析:A 选项 “read books” 是动词短语;C 选项 “my pen” 是名词短语;D 选项 “run slowly” 是动词短语,“run” 是动词,“slowly” 修饰 “run”。B 选项 “good at math” 是以形容词 “good” 为中心词,“at math” 说明擅长的方面,对 “good” 进行补充,属于形容词短语,所以选 B。
3. 以下哪个短语是副词短语?( )
A. very carefully B. big house C. happy children D. write well
答案:A
解析:B 选项 “big house” 是名词短语;C 选项 “happy children” 是名词短语;D 选项 “write well” 从语法结构看是动词短语(“write” 是动词,“well” 修饰 “write”)。A 选项 “very carefully” 以 “carefully” 为中心词,“very” 修饰 “carefully”,符合副词短语的特征,所以选 A。
4. In the sentence “I like ____ (book) with interesting stories.”, which of the following can be filled in as a proper noun phrase? ( )
A. read book B. a boring book C. to write book D. book nice
答案:B
解析:A 选项 “read book” 语法结构错误;C 选项 “to write book” 语法结构错误;D 选项 “book nice” 语序不符合英语语法习惯。B 选项 “a boring book” 是以 “book” 为名词中心词,“a” 是限定词,“boring” 是形容词,修饰 “book”,构成名词短语,且符合句子中喜欢某种书的语境,所以选 B。
5. “The boy, ____ (happy) to see his mother, ran towards her quickly.” What kind of phrase should be filled in the blank? ( )
A. noun phrase B. verb phrase C. adverb phrase D. adjective phrase
答案:D
解析:根据句子意思,此处需要一个描述 “the boy” 状态的短语,“happy to see his mother” 是以形容词 “happy” 为中心词,“to see his mother” 用来补充说明高兴的原因,属于形容词短语,所以选 D。
6. 短语 “quite useful” 属于以下哪种类型的短语?( )
A. 名词短语 B. 形容词短语 C. 副词短语 D. 介词短语
答案:B
解析:“quite useful” 中 “useful” 是形容词,“quite” 用来修饰 “useful”,以形容词为中心词并被其他词修饰,符合形容词短语的结构特点,所以属于形容词短语,选 B。
7. Which phrase can be used as an adverbial in a sentence? ( )
A. a new bike B. too difficult C. far away D. play football
答案:C
解析:A 选项 “a new bike” 是名词短语,通常作主语、宾语等;B 选项 “too difficult” 是形容词短语,常作表语、定语等;D 选项 “play football” 是动词短语,作谓语。C 选项 “far away” 是副词短语,在句子中可用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子等,充当状语,所以选 C。
8. “The beautiful dress, ____ (fit) for the party, is mine.” The correct type of phrase to fill in the blank is ( )
A. noun phrase B. adjective phrase C. adverb phrase D. gerund phrase
答案:B
解析:结合句子语境,此处需要一个描述 “the beautiful dress” 特点的短语,“fit for the party” 是以形容词 “fit” 为中心词,“for the party” 补充说明适合的对象,属于形容词短语,所以选 B。
9. 以下短语中,结构与 “a red apple” 类似的是( )
A. very good B. run fast C. the tall tree D. on the table
答案:C
解析:“a red apple” 是名词短语,结构为 “限定词 + 形容词 + 名词”。A 选项 “very good” 是形容词短语;B 选项 “run fast” 是动词短语;D 选项 “on the table” 是介词短语。C 选项 “the tall tree” 也是 “限定词 + 形容词 + 名词” 的结构,属于名词短语,与 “a red apple” 结构类似,所以选 C。
10. 短语 “slowly and steadily” 在句子中一般充当( )
A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 状语 D. 表语
答案:C
解析:“slowly and steadily” 是副词短语,副词短语在句子中的常见功能是修饰动词、形容词或副词,或者修饰整个句子,也就是充当状语,说明动作进行的方式、状态等情况,所以选 C。
二、填空题:用所给词的适当形式填空(10 小题,每题 3 分,共 30 分)
1. 在句子 “The ____ (bird)in the sky are flying freely.”
答案: birds
解析:句子缺少主语,需要用名词短语来表示天空中的某事物,根据提示词 “bird” 以及语法和语义逻辑,“The birds” 表示 “这些鸟”,能合理地充当句子主语,考查对名词短语作主语这一知识点的运用。
2. I find the movie very ____ (interest)to watch.
答案: interesting
解析:此处需要一个形容词短语来描述 “the movie” 的性质,“very interesting” 是以形容词 “interesting” 为中心词,“very” 修饰 “interesting”,表示 “非常有趣的”,符合句子中表达觉得电影有趣的语境,考查形容词短语在这种句式中的运用。
3. She answered the question very ____ (careful).
答案: carefully
解析:句子中 “answered” 是动词,需要用副词短语来修饰动词,说明回答问题的方式或程度,“very carefully” 以 “carefully” 为中心词,“very” 修饰 “carefully”,表示 “非常仔细地”,符合语法要求和语义逻辑,用于描述回答问题这个动作的状态。
4. 在句子 “The best ____ (student)from our class won the competition.”
答案: students
解析:句子缺主语,根据语义和语法,需要一个表示人的名词短语来表明赢得比赛的主体,“best students”(最好的学生们)是以 “students” 为名词中心词,“best” 修饰 “students”,符合名词短语的构成,且能合理地在句中充当主语。
5. The weather is ____ (nice)enough for a picnic.
答案:nice
解析:此处要填入一个形容词短语来描述 “the weather” 的状况是否适合野餐,“nice enough” 是以形容词 “nice” 为中心词,“enough” 补充说明程度,意思是 “足够好的”,符合句子表达天气适合野餐的语境,考查形容词短语作表语的用法。
6. He walked rather ____ (slow)towards the door.
答案: slowly
解析:句子中 “walked” 是动词,需要用副词短语来修饰它,说明走路的状态,“rather slowly” 以 “slowly” 为中心词,“rather” 修饰 “slowly”,表示 “相当缓慢地”,能准确地体现走路的速度情况,符合语法和语义要求。
7. 在句子 “Those old ____ (toy)on the shelf are very old.”
答案: toys
解析:句子缺少表示事物的名词短语作主语,根据提示词 “toy” 以及语法和语义逻辑,“old toys”(旧玩具)是以 “toys” 为名词中心词,“old” 修饰 “toys”,能合理地充当句子的主语,表明是架子上的旧玩具很旧了。
8. The story is really ____ (exciting)to listen to.
答案: exciting
解析:这里需要一个形容词短语来进一步描述 “the story” 的性质特点,“really exciting” 是以形容词 “exciting” 为中心词,“really” 修饰 “exciting”,表示 “真的很激动人心的”,更加强化了故事令人兴奋的程度,符合句子表意需要,考查形容词短语在系表结构中的运用。
9. They played the game ____ (happy).
答案:happily
解析:“played” 是动词,需要用副词短语来修饰它,说明玩游戏时的状态,“happily” 本身就是副词,可看作简单的副词短语,意思是 “高兴地”,用于描述玩游戏这个动作进行时的情绪状态,符合语法要求和句子语义。
10. 在句子 “My good ____ (friend)at school are very kind.”
答案: friends
解析:句子缺少作主语的名词短语,根据语义和语法,需要一个表示人的名词短语来表明是哪些人很友善,“good friends”(好朋友们)是以 “friends” 为名词中心词,“good” 修饰 “friends”,符合名词短语的构成,且能合理地在句中充当主语,描述在学校的好朋友们很友善这一情况。
三、句子分析题(10 小题,每题 5 分,共 50 分)
1. 分析句子 “The colorful balloons floating in the air make the party lively.” 中名词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
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答案:名词短语是 “The colorful balloons floating in the air”,其结构为 “限定词(The) + 形容词(colorful) + 名词(balloons) + 现在分词短语(floating in the air)”,在句中作主语,是发出 “make the party lively” 这一动作的主体,也就是句子描述的核心对象。
2. 分析句子 “The girl, excited about the trip, couldn't sleep last night.” 中形容词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
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答案:形容词短语是 “excited about the trip”,结构为 “形容词(excited) + 介词短语(about the trip)”,在句中作后置定语,用于修饰前面的 “The girl”,补充说明了女孩因旅行而兴奋的状态,使人物形象和当时的情境更加具体生动。
3. 分析句子 “He drove the car very slowly on the narrow road.” 中副词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
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答案:副词短语是 “very slowly”,结构为 “副词(very) + 副词(slowly)”,在句中修饰动词 “drove”,作状语,说明开车这个动作进行的速度状态,让读者更清楚了解开车时的具体情况。
4. 分析句子 “Those delicious cakes made by my grandma are my favorite.” 中名词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
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答案:名词短语是 “Those delicious cakes made by my grandma”,结构为 “限定词(Those) + 形容词(delicious) + 名词(cakes) + 过去分词短语(made by my grandma)”,在句中作主语,是句子描述的主体对象,也就是表明是奶奶做的那些美味蛋糕是 “我” 最喜欢的。
5. 分析句子 “The boy, afraid of the dark, always sleeps with the light on.” 中形容词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
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答案:形容词短语是 “afraid of the dark”,结构为 “形容词(afraid) + 介词短语(of the dark)”,在句中作后置定语,修饰 “The boy”,补充说明了男孩害怕黑暗的这一特点,使读者对男孩的情况有更清晰的了解。
6. 分析句子 “She sang the song beautifully in the concert hall.” 中副词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
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答案:副词短语是 “beautifully”(可看作简单结构的副词短语,以其自身为中心词),在句中修饰动词 “sang”,作状语,用于描述唱歌这个动作进行的效果,体现出唱歌好听的程度,让读者知晓唱歌时的状态。
7. 分析句子 “The interesting book on the desk attracts my attention.” 中名词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
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答案:名词短语是 “The interesting book on the desk”,结构为 “限定词(The) + 形容词(interesting) + 名词(book) + 介词短语(on the desk)”,在句中作主语,是吸引 “我” 注意力的事物主体,是句子描述的核心对象。
8. 分析句子 “The children, happy to get presents, shouted with joy.” 中形容词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
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答案:形容词短语是 “happy to get presents”,结构为 “形容词(happy) + 不定式(to get presents)”,在句中作后置定语,修饰 “The children”,补充说明了孩子们因为得到礼物而高兴的状态,使读者更能感受到孩子们当时喜悦的场景。
9. 分析句子 “They ran quickly along the river bank.” 中副词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
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答案:副词短语是 “quickly along the river bank”,结构为 “副词(quickly) + 介词短语(along the river bank)”,在句中修饰动词 “ran”,作状语,既说明了跑步的速度快,又指出了跑步的地点范围,使读者更清楚动作发生的情况。
10. 分析句子 “The big house near the park belongs to my uncle.” 中名词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
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答案:名词短语是 “The big house near the park”,结构为 “限定词(The) + 形容词(big) + 名词(house) + 介词短语(near the park)”,在句中作主语,是句子所描述的所属关系中表示归属对象的主体,也就是表明公园附近的那座大房子属于 “我” 叔叔。
· 真题感知
语法填空
(2023·全国·高考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 1 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 2 (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 4 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 5 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 6 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 7 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 8 (record) everything I discovered.
The 9 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】
1.to 2.built 3.which/that 4.wonders 5.but 6.Having visited 7.was amazed 8.recording 9.remarkable 10.means
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合,同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师,记录了这座城市的变化,并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。
1.考查介词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至从它的布局来看,这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,空处和上文保持一致,表示“从……到……”,用介词to。故填to。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造的……”,和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填built。
3.考查定语从句。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词,先行词为“a place”,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
4.考查名词。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
5.考查连词。句意:但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系,用but。故填but。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系;根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Having visited。
7.考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。故填recording。
9.考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
10.考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
【点睛】
· 提升专练
一、语法填空:阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passage 1
Every year during the Spring Festival, a small village east of Beijing puts on a special show. It’s about-15℃, and a man dressed in a straw hat and sheepskin coat 1 (throw) spoon after spoon of heavy molten iron (铁水) at a massive, icy wall. The collision (碰撞) between the 1,600℃ liquid metal and the frozen brick creates a waterfall of sparks (火花) 2 (fall) over him, equally beautiful and dangerous.
This is a performance 3 requires extraordinary courage, skill and strength. Known as Da Shuhua, it has a history of 500 years in Nuanquan, a highly-developed steel town. Da Shuhua translates literally into “beating down the tree flowers,” 4 agricultural activity of hitting fruit trees to stimulate growth.
In ancient times, fireworks weren’t always 5 (wide) affordable. So people in Nuanquan made use of scrap iron and developed Da Shuhua as a way 6 (celebrate) festivals. As a result, they brought firework displays 7 a whole new level.
Today, Da Shuhua has become more popular than ever, due to bans on fireworks to reduce air 8 (pollute) in some parts of China. Every year, this unique firework display attracts tons of people despite the freezing cold weather 9 draws attention for its protection. Since 2021, it 10 (list) as an intangible cultural heritage of China.
【答案】
1.throws/is throwing 2.falling 3.which/that 4.an 5.widely 6.to celebrate 7.to 8.pollution 9.and 10.has been listed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“打树花”表演,这是一项需要非凡勇气、技巧和力量的表演,自 2021年起,它被列为中国非物质文化遗产。
1.考查谓语动词。句意:气温约为零下15℃,一名头戴草帽、身穿羊皮大衣的男子将一勺又一勺的铁水扔向巨大的冰墙。此处为谓语动词,根据空前的 It's 和下一句中的 creates 可知,本段应该使用一般现在时,或现在进行时来描绘打树花的画面,主语为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词为throws或is throwing。故填throws/is throwing。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:1600℃的液态金属和冰冻的砖块之间的碰撞产生了火花瀑布,在他身上落下,既美丽又危险。此处为“掉落在他身上的火花”,sparks和fall之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作后置定语。故填falling。
3.考查定语从句。句意:这是一项需要非凡勇气、技巧和力量的表演。此处为关系词引导的定语从句,先行词performance指物,关系词在定语从句中充当主语,从句应由关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
4.考查冠词。句意:打树花的字面意思是“打树花”,这是一种通过击打果树来刺激生长的农业活动。activity为可数名词单数,结合句意,此处表示“打树花是一种农业活动”,表示泛指,所以此处使用不定冠词,且agricultural的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
5.考查副词。句意:在古代,烟花并不总是普遍负担得起的。此处为副词来修饰形容词affordable,wide的副词形式为widely意为“普遍地,广泛地”符合句意。故填widely。
6.考查动词不定式。句意:因此,暖泉人利用废铁,发展了打树花作为庆祝节日的一种方式。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词way,way表示“方式,方法”时,通常使用动词不定式形式作定语。故填to celebrate。
7.考查介词。句意:结果,他们把烟花表演带到了一个全新的水平。此处为固定搭配bring sth to...意为“把……带到……”符合句意,所以此处使用介词to。故填to。
8.考查名词。句意:今天,由于中国部分地区为减少空气污染而禁止燃放烟花爆竹,打树花比以往任何时候都更受欢迎。此处为名词作宾语,pollute的名词为pollution意为“污染”,且为不可数名词。故填pollution。
9.考查连词。句意:每年,尽管天气寒冷,这个独特的烟花表演吸引了成千上万的人,并引起了人们对其保护的注意。空前的attracts tons of people与空后的draws attention for its protection是并列关系,所以此处使用并列连词and。故填and。
10.考查谓语动词。句意:自2021年起,它被列为中国非物质文化遗产。此处为谓语动词,根据时间状语Since 2021可知,此处应为现在完成时,句子主语it和list之间是动宾关系,所以此处使用现在完成时的被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数。故填has been listed。
Passage 2
In Pingle village of Luoyang city, Henan Province, farmers bring in an income of over 100 million yuan every year by painting peonies (牡丹花) in 11 (they) spare time. The farmers’ artworks describe the graceful nature of peony flowers and sell well both at home and abroad.
In 1983, 12 (know) as “the city of peonies”, Luoyang 13 (official) held its first peony festival. During the festival, Guo Tai’an, 14 was a villager of Pingle village, painted a peony picture. 15 his surprise, the painting won wide praise, and some people even asked to buy it. Because of the experience, Guo started to teach villagers 16 (paint) peony flowers, and established the first academy (学院) of fine arts in the village. He had seen the 17 (grow) number of painters in his village in the past years.
In 2011, China Pingle Peony Drawing Culture Creative Industry Park 18 (build) in the village. The park has been considered as a national 3A tourist attraction. It receives tourist groups and 19 (visitor) from home and abroad, and sees more than 300,000 visits a year.
Nowadays, local villagers run more than 150 online shops selling paintings on China’s e-commerce platform (电子商务平台) Taobao. They have also established 20 team for the promotion of peony paintings through live-streaming.
【答案】
11.their 12.known 13.officially 14.who 15.To 16.to paint 17.growing 18.was built 19.visitors 20.a
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了河南洛阳的平乐村农民通过画牡丹致富的过程。
11.考查人称代词。句意:在河南省洛阳市平乐村,农民利用业余时间画牡丹花,每年收入过亿元。空处作定语,修饰名词短语“spare time”,故应用形容词性的物主代词their,表示“他们的”。故填their。
12.考查过去分词。句意:1983年,被称为“牡丹之城”的洛阳正式举办了第一次牡丹节。根据句中谓语动词“held”可知,空处应用动词know的非谓语动词形式,与“Luoyang”之间为被动关系,表示“洛阳被称为……”,故应用过去分词,作状语。故填known。
13.考查副词。句意:1983年,被称为“牡丹之城”的洛阳正式举办了第一次牡丹节。空处应用副词,修饰动词“held”,作状语;officially为副词,表示“正式地、官方地”,符合句意。故填officially。
14.考查定语从句。句意:节日期间,平乐村村民郭泰安画了一幅牡丹画。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“Guo Tai’an”,在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词who。故填who。
15.考查介词。句意:令他惊讶的是,这幅画赢得了广泛的赞誉,甚至有人要求购买。介词短语to one’s surprise表示“令某人惊讶的是”,故to his surprise表示“令他惊讶的是”,符合句意,作状语;句首字母大写。故填To。
16.考查不定式。句意:由于这次经历,郭开始教村民画牡丹花,并在村里建立了第一所美术学院。根据句中谓语动词“started”可知,空处应用动词paint的非谓语动词形式;动词短语teach sb to do sth表示“教某人做某事”,符合句意,故应用动词不定式。故填to paint。
17.考查形容词。句意:在过去的几年里,他看到村里的画家越来越多。空处应用形容词,修饰名词“number”,作定语;growing为形容词,表示“增长的”,符合句意。故填growing。
18.考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:2011年,中国平乐牡丹画文化创意产业园在该村建成。空处为谓语动词,根据时间状语“In 2011”可知,该句为一般过去时,动词build与主语“China Pingle Peony Drawing Culture Creative Industry Park”之间为被动关系,表示产业园被建成,谓语为单数。故填was built。
19.考查名词复数。句意:每年接待国内外旅行团和游客30多万人次。空处应为名词,与“tourist groups”并列作宾语;visitor表示“游客”,为可数名词,应用复数,表示泛指。故填visitors。
20.考查冠词。句意:他们还成立了一个团队,通过直播推广牡丹画。空处应用冠词,修饰名词“team”,表示成立了“一个团队”,故应用不定冠词a。故填a。
二、完形填空:
I wasn’t prepared for the way I felt when my 17-year-old son, Tom, left for Asia during his winter break.
I was 21 the moment he first told my husband Bruce and me that he wanted to use some of his 22 to go around China. We were happy about his exploring the world. We told him that 23 was one of the best ways to spend his money and that the memories would last a lifetime.
On the morning of Tom’s departure (出发), he squeezed a few more things into his bags. Before he and Bruce 24 to the airport, I shouted, “Be safe, and text when you arrive.”
That night, 25 he was flying somewhere over the Pacific Ocean, it hit me that Tom was really on his 26 . I woke hourly, each time 27 the clock and counting the hours before he landed the following morning. Doubting my decision to let him go alone, I prayed and thought about all the things that could go 28 . Then I heard from him. The first text said he had arrived. The second said one of his bags didn’t 29 it.
Feeling 30 , I madly attempted to track down the bag. And I persuaded him to go back to the 31 and go to the airline’s office. My efforts 32 . All the while Tom was texting me he was all right.
After that, there was no more talk about the lost bag, but I knew he would figure it out, and that the life lesson would be 33 .
Several days into the trip, Tom sent me a photo from Hong Kong. “I thought I could 34 study abroad anywhere but Europe. However, I could definitely do it here,” his note read. And I was 35 .
21.A.angry B.thankful C.sad D.surprised
22.A.experiences B.savings C.tools D.relations
23.A.travelling B.learning C.driving D.training
24.A.broke down B.put forward C.left out D.pulled away
25.A.while B.though C.unless D.until
26.A.mask B.own C.side D.mind
27.A.touching B.rocking C.checking D.repairing
28.A.wrong B.wild C.grey D.black
29.A.control B.afford C.deserve D.make
30.A.secure B.easy C.anxious D.confident
31.A.supermarket B.airport C.homeland D.car
32.A.arose B.continued C.failed D.survived
33.A.worthless B.unbearable C.foolish D.deep
34.A.never B.still C.just D.already
35.A.in disbelief B.at risk C.at peace D.in advance
【答案】
21.D 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.A 26.B 27.C 28.A 29.D 30.C 31.B 32.C 33.D 34.A 35.C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的儿子独自一人出国旅行,作者作为妈妈从焦虑到平和的整个心路历程。
31.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当他第一次告诉我和我的丈夫布鲁斯,他想用他的一些积蓄周游中国时,我很惊讶。A. angry生气的;B. thankful感激的;C. sad悲伤的;D. surprised惊讶的。根据下文“the moment he first told my husband Bruce and me that he wanted to use some of his _____ to go around China.”可知孩子告诉爸爸妈妈要一个人出去旅游时,应该是感到惊讶,故选D。
32.考查名词词义辨析。句意:同上。A. experiences经历;B. savings积蓄;C. tools工具;D. relations关系。根据下文“go around China”可知是去旅游,所以应该用的是钱,故选B。
33.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们告诉他,旅行是花钱最好的方式之一,这些回忆将会持续一生。A. travelling旅行;B. learning学习;C. driving驾驶;D. training训练。根据上文“the moment he first told my husband Bruce and me that he wanted to use some of his _____ to go around China.”可知这里作者和丈夫在告诉儿子旅行的意义,故选A。
34.考查动词短语辨析。句意:在他和布鲁斯离开去机场之前,我喊道:“注意安全,到了就发短信。”A. broke down分解;B. put forward提出;C. left out遗漏;D. pulled away (车辆)开始驶离。根据下文“to the airport, I shouted, “Be safe, and text when you arrive.””可知是出发去机场,故选D。
35.考查连词词义辨析。句意:那天晚上,当他在太平洋上空飞行时,我突然意识到汤姆真的是一个人。A. while当……时候;B. though尽管;C. unless除非;D. until直到。根据“he was flying somewhere over the Pacific Ocean”可知是作者儿子坐飞机的时候,故选A。
36.考查名词词义辨析。句意:同上。A. mask面罩;B. own自己;C. side方面;D. mind思想。根据上文“I was _____ the moment he first told my husband Bruce and me that he wanted to use some of his _____ to go around China.”可知是作者的儿子独自出国旅行,on one’s own,意为“独自”,故选B。
37.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我每隔一小时醒来一次,每次都看一看时钟,数着第二天早上他着陆前的时间。A. touching触摸;B. rocking摇晃;C. checking查看;D. repairing修理。根据下文“counting the hours before he landed the following morning”可知作者每次醒来都会查看时钟,故选C。
38.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我怀疑自己让他一个人去的决定,我祈祷着,想着所有可能出错的事情。A. wrong错误的;B. wild狂热的;C. grey灰色的;D. black黑色的。根据上文“I woke hourly, each time 7 the clock and counting the hours before he landed the following morning. Doubting my decision to let him go alone”可知作者非常担心儿子,想着儿子会在哪里出错,故选A。
39.考查动词词义辨析。句意:第二条说他的一个包没送到。A. control控制;B. afford买得起;C. deserve值得;D. make使,让。根据下文“After that, there was no more talk about the lost bag”可知有一个行李没有到达,make it,意为“成功做到,按时抵达”,符合题意,故选D。
30.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我感到很焦虑,疯狂地试图找到那个包。A. secure安全的;B. easy容易的;C. anxious焦虑的;D. confident有信心的。根据下文“I madly attempted to track down the bag”可知作者当时很着急,很焦虑,故选C。
31.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我劝他回到机场,去航空公司的办公室。A. supermarket超市;B. airport机场;C. homeland家乡;D. car小汽车。根据下文“go to the airline’s office”可知是回机场办公室,所以是返回机场,故选B。
32.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的努力失败了。A. arose出现;B. continued继续;C. failed失败;D. survived存活。根据下文“After that, there was no more talk about the lost bag, but I knew he would figure it out, and that the life lesson would be _____.”可知行李并没有找回,所以作者的努力不管用,应是失败了,故选C。
33.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在那之后,我们再也没有谈论丢失的包,但我知道他会弄明白的,而且人生的教训将是深刻的。A. worthless无价值的;B. unbearable不堪忍受的;C. foolish愚蠢的;D. deep深刻的。根据上文“After that, there was no more talk about the lost bag, but I knew he would figure it out”作者认为儿子能够弄明白的道理是人生的教训将是深刻的,故选D。
34.考查副词词义辨析。句意:我以为除了欧洲,我再也不能出国留学了。A. never从不;B. still仍然;C. just刚刚;D. already已经。根据下文“However, I could definitely do it here”可知前后为转折关系,所以是儿子本以为不能出国留学了,故选A。
35.考查介词短语辨析。句意:我很平静。A. in disbelief怀疑地;B. at risk有危险;C. at peace处于平静的状态;D. in advance提前。根据上文“Several days into the trip, Tom sent me a photo from Hong Kong. “I thought I could _____ study abroad anywhere but Europe. However, I could definitely do it here,””可知儿子给妈妈发来相片和积极的话语,可知作者不再焦虑,内心应是平静的,故选C。
(
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第02讲 名词短语、形容词短语&副词短语
考点聚焦:核心考点+小考考点,有的放矢
重点速记:知识点和关键点梳理,查漏补缺
难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升
学以致用:真题感知+提升专练,全面突破
(
考
点1
. 名词短语(NP)
)
定义要点:
是一种短语结构,其中心词为名词,其他词或短语围绕该名词对其起到修饰、限定、说明等作用,整体在句子中的功能相当于名词。
结构要点:
限定词 + 名词:例如 “a book”(一本书),“a” 作为限定词限定了后面的名词 “book”,表明数量是一本;“the pen”(这支笔),“the” 特指某一支笔。
形容词 + 名词:像 “beautiful flowers”(美丽的花),“beautiful” 修饰 “flowers”,描述花的外观特征;“big house”(大房子),说明房子的大小属性。
名词所有格 + 名词:比如 “Tom's book”(汤姆的书),通过 “Tom's” 表明书所属的对象是汤姆;“my mother's car”(我妈妈的车),清晰指出车的所有者。
数词 + 名词:“two dogs”(两条狗),“two” 明确了狗的数量;“five students”(五个学生),用数词对数目的多少进行限定。
动名词 + 名词:“swimming pool”(游泳池),“swimming” 是动名词,表明这个池子的用途是用于游泳;“reading room”(阅览室),说明房间是用来阅读的。
不定式 + 名词:“time to go”(该走的时间),“to go” 作为不定式修饰 “time”,表示时间是用于出发的;“way to solve the problem”(解决问题的办法),指出是能用来解决问题的途径。
名词 + 介词短语:“students in the classroom”(教室里的学生),“in the classroom” 这个介词短语限定了 “students” 所在的位置;“books on the desk”(桌子上的书),说明书本所处的地点。
名词 + and/but 等连词 + 名词:“boys and girls”(男孩和女孩),用 “and” 连接两个名词表示并列关系;“apples or bananas”(苹果或香蕉),“or” 表示选择关系。
功能要点:
作主语:例如 “Beautiful flowers make the room lively.”(美丽的花使房间充满生机。),句子中 “Beautiful flowers” 作为主语,是动作 “make” 的执行者,表达了什么事物让房间变得有生机。
作宾语:“I like reading books.”(我喜欢读书。),“reading books” 在这里充当动词 “like” 的宾语,说明喜欢的对象是什么。
作表语:“My hobby is collecting stamps.”(我的爱好是集邮。),“collecting stamps” 作为表语,用于说明主语 “My hobby” 具体是什么内容。
作宾补:“We made Tom our monitor.”(我们选汤姆做我们的班长。),“our monitor” 补充说明宾语 “Tom” 的身份,是宾语补足语。
· 考点再现
1. 句 “Many beautiful flowers in the park attract bees.” 中名词短语结构及成分?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. 句 “____ (book)on the desk is mine.” 中填入合适名词短语并说功能及原因。
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. 句 “Those cute kittens playing outside are lovely.” 中名词短语可简化成啥不改变基本意?
_________________________________________________________________________________
(
考点2
. 形容词短语(AdjP)
)
定义要点:
以形容词作为中心词,其他成分用来修饰、补充这个形容词,整体在句子里的功能与形容词一致,用于描述人、事物的性质、状态等特点。
结构要点:
副词 + 形容词:比如 “very good”(非常好),“very” 这个副词用来加强 “good” 的程度,更具体地表达好的程度;“quite beautiful”(相当美丽),“quite” 修饰 “beautiful”,让美丽的程度更明确。
形容词 + 介词短语:“afraid of the dark”(害怕黑暗),“afraid” 是形容词,“of the dark” 这个介词短语进一步说明害怕的对象是什么;“good at English”(擅长英语),表明在哪方面具备 “good” 这种擅长的特质。
形容词 + 不定式:“happy to help”(乐意帮忙),“happy” 作为形容词,“to help” 不定式说明高兴是针对帮忙这件事的;“eager to learn”(渴望学习),表明渴望的具体行为是学习。
形容词 + and/but 等连词 + 形容词:“big and bright”(又大又明亮),通过 “and” 连接两个形容词,同时描述事物具备两种并列的特点;“small but lovely”(小但可爱),“but” 连接表示转折关系的两种特点。
功能要点:
修饰名词或代词(作定语):“The cute baby is sleeping.”(这个可爱的宝宝正在睡觉。),“cute” 修饰名词 “baby”,限定是可爱的宝宝;“She is a kind girl.”(她是一个善良的女孩。),“kind” 修饰 “girl”,描述女孩的性格特点。
作表语:“The weather is nice today.”(今天天气很好。),“nice” 作为形容词短语的中心词,在这里作表语,说明主语 “the weather” 的状况;“He seems tired.”(他看起来很累。),“tired” 对主语 “He” 的状态进行描述。
作宾补:“We found the story interesting.”(我们觉得这个故事很有趣。),“interesting” 补充说明宾语 “the story” 给人的感觉,起到宾语补足语的作用。
作状语(少数情况):“Glad to see you, I smiled.”(很高兴见到你,我笑了。),“Glad to see you” 这个形容词短语在这里相当于一个状语,说明 “我笑了” 的原因,是因为见到对方很高兴。
· 考点再现
1. 句 “The dress, nice to wear, is popular.” 中形容词短语结构及功能、效果?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. 用“for kids”“fun”组形容词短语,然后造句,并说语法功能。
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. 改 “He seems a little sad.” 换形容词短语且意思基本不变,分析新短语结构及功能。
_________________________________________________________________________________
(
考点3
. 副词短语(AdvP)
)
定义要点:
以副词作为中心词,搭配其他词语对该副词进行修饰、补充,在句子里行使副词的功能,常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子,表明时间、地点、方式、程度等情况。
结构要点:
副词 + 副词:例如 “very carefully”(非常仔细地),“very” 修饰 “carefully”,进一步强调仔细的程度;“quite slowly”(相当缓慢地),“quite” 加强了 “slowly” 表示缓慢的程度。
副词 + 介词短语:“far from here”(离这里很远),“far” 作为副词说明距离的远近,“from here” 这个介词短语补充距离是相对于哪里而言的;“quickly to the classroom”(快速地朝教室去),表明去教室的速度和方向。
副词 + and/but 等连词 + 副词:“again and again”(再三地,反复地),通过 “and” 连接两个 “again”,强调重复的次数多;“slowly but steadily”(缓慢但稳定地),“but” 连接表示转折关系的两个副词,描述动作进行的状态特点。
功能要点:
修饰动词(作状语):“He runs very fast.”(他跑得非常快。),“very fast” 这个副词短语修饰动词 “runs”,说明跑的速度情况;“She sings beautifully.”(她唱歌唱得很动听。),“beautifully” 修饰 “sings”,表明唱歌的方式和效果。
修饰形容词(作状语):“The movie is really interesting.”(这部电影真的很有趣。),“really” 修饰形容词 “interesting”,加强有趣的程度;“The box is too heavy.”(这个箱子太重了。),“too” 修饰 “heavy”,突出重的程度。
修饰副词(作状语):“He writes quite carefully.”(他写得相当仔细。),“quite” 修饰副词 “carefully”,进一步强化仔细的程度;“She speaks English very fluently.”(她英语说得非常流利。),“very” 修饰 “fluently”,更具体地说明流利的程度。
修饰整个句子(作状语):“Luckily, we arrived on time.”(幸运的是,我们按时到达了。),“Luckily” 这个副词短语修饰整个句子,表明后面所述事情发生的一种幸运的状况;“Generally speaking, it's a good idea.”(一般来说,这是个好主意。),“Generally speaking” 用于对整个句子所表达的观点进行一种普遍性的说明。
· 考点再现
1. 句 “She writes very neatly.” 中副词短语结构及修饰对象?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. 用 “slow”“enough” 组副词短语造含 “that...” 的句子并说语法功能。
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. 填句 “The car runs ____.” 合适副词短语并说功能及效果。
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、单项选择题(10 小题,每题 2 分,共 20 分)
1. Which of the following phrases is a noun phrase? ( )
A. jump high B. a sunny day C. really beautiful D. quite fast
2. 下列短语中,属于形容词短语的是( )
A. read books B. good at math C. my pen D. run slowly
3. 以下哪个短语是副词短语?( )
A. very carefully B. big house C. happy children D. write well
4. In the sentence “I like ____ (book) with interesting stories.”, which of the following can be filled in as a proper noun phrase? ( )
A. read book B. a boring book C. to write book D. book nice
5. “The boy, ____ (happy) to see his mother, ran towards her quickly.” What kind of phrase should be filled in the blank? ( )
A. noun phrase B. verb phrase C. adverb phrase D. adjective phrase
6. 短语 “quite useful” 属于以下哪种类型的短语?( )
A. 名词短语 B. 形容词短语 C. 副词短语 D. 介词短语
7. Which phrase can be used as an adverbial in a sentence? ( )
A. a new bike B. too difficult C. far away D. play football
8. “The beautiful dress, ____ (fit) for the party, is mine.” The correct type of phrase to fill in the blank is ( )
A. noun phrase B. adjective phrase C. adverb phrase D. gerund phrase
9. 以下短语中,结构与 “a red apple” 类似的是( )
A. very good B. run fast C. the tall tree D. on the table
10. 短语 “slowly and steadily” 在句子中一般充当( )
A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 状语 D. 表语
二、填空题:用所给词的适当形式填空(10 小题,每题 3 分,共 30 分)
1. 在句子 “The ____ (bird)in the sky are flying freely.”
2. I find the movie very ____ (interest)to watch.
3. She answered the question very ____ (careful).
4. 在句子 “The best ____ (student)from our class won the competition.”
5. The weather is ____ (nice)enough for a picnic.
6. He walked rather ____ (slow)towards the door.
7. 在句子 “Those old ____ (toy)on the shelf are very old.”
8. The story is really ____ (exciting)to listen to.
9. They played the game ____ (happy).
10. 在句子 “My good ____ (friend)at school are very kind.”
三、句子分析题(10 小题,每题 5 分,共 50 分)
1. 分析句子 “The colorful balloons floating in the air make the party lively.” 中名词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. 分析句子 “The girl, excited about the trip, couldn't sleep last night.” 中形容词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. 分析句子 “He drove the car very slowly on the narrow road.” 中副词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. 分析句子 “Those delicious cakes made by my grandma are my favorite.” 中名词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. 分析句子 “The boy, afraid of the dark, always sleeps with the light on.” 中形容词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. 分析句子 “She sang the song beautifully in the concert hall.” 中副词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. 分析句子 “The interesting book on the desk attracts my attention.” 中名词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. 分析句子 “The children, happy to get presents, shouted with joy.” 中形容词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
_________________________________________________________________________________
9. 分析句子 “They ran quickly along the river bank.” 中副词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. 分析句子 “The big house near the park belongs to my uncle.” 中名词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
_________________________________________________________________________________
· 真题感知
语法填空
(2023·全国·高考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 1 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 2 (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 4 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 5 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 6 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 7 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 8 (record) everything I discovered.
The 9 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
· 提升专练
一、语法填空:阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passage 1
Every year during the Spring Festival, a small village east of Beijing puts on a special show. It’s about-15℃, and a man dressed in a straw hat and sheepskin coat 1 (throw) spoon after spoon of heavy molten iron (铁水) at a massive, icy wall. The collision (碰撞) between the 1,600℃ liquid metal and the frozen brick creates a waterfall of sparks (火花) 2 (fall) over him, equally beautiful and dangerous.
This is a performance 3 requires extraordinary courage, skill and strength. Known as Da Shuhua, it has a history of 500 years in Nuanquan, a highly-developed steel town. Da Shuhua translates literally into “beating down the tree flowers,” 4 agricultural activity of hitting fruit trees to stimulate growth.
In ancient times, fireworks weren’t always 5 (wide) affordable. So people in Nuanquan made use of scrap iron and developed Da Shuhua as a way 6 (celebrate) festivals. As a result, they brought firework displays 7 a whole new level.
Today, Da Shuhua has become more popular than ever, due to bans on fireworks to reduce air 8 (pollute) in some parts of China. Every year, this unique firework display attracts tons of people despite the freezing cold weather 9 draws attention for its protection. Since 2021, it 10 (list) as an intangible cultural heritage of China.
Passage 2
In Pingle village of Luoyang city, Henan Province, farmers bring in an income of over 100 million yuan every year by painting peonies (牡丹花) in 11 (they) spare time. The farmers’ artworks describe the graceful nature of peony flowers and sell well both at home and abroad.
In 1983, 12 (know) as “the city of peonies”, Luoyang 13 (official) held its first peony festival. During the festival, Guo Tai’an, 14 was a villager of Pingle village, painted a peony picture. 15 his surprise, the painting won wide praise, and some people even asked to buy it. Because of the experience, Guo started to teach villagers 16 (paint) peony flowers, and established the first academy (学院) of fine arts in the village. He had seen the 17 (grow) number of painters in his village in the past years.
In 2011, China Pingle Peony Drawing Culture Creative Industry Park 18 (build) in the village. The park has been considered as a national 3A tourist attraction. It receives tourist groups and 19 (visitor) from home and abroad, and sees more than 300,000 visits a year.
Nowadays, local villagers run more than 150 online shops selling paintings on China’s e-commerce platform (电子商务平台) Taobao. They have also established 20 team for the promotion of peony paintings through live-streaming.
二、完形填空:
I wasn’t prepared for the way I felt when my 17-year-old son, Tom, left for Asia during his winter break.
I was 21 the moment he first told my husband Bruce and me that he wanted to use some of his 22 to go around China. We were happy about his exploring the world. We told him that 23 was one of the best ways to spend his money and that the memories would last a lifetime.
On the morning of Tom’s departure (出发), he squeezed a few more things into his bags. Before he and Bruce 24 to the airport, I shouted, “Be safe, and text when you arrive.”
That night, 25 he was flying somewhere over the Pacific Ocean, it hit me that Tom was really on his 26 . I woke hourly, each time 27 the clock and counting the hours before he landed the following morning. Doubting my decision to let him go alone, I prayed and thought about all the things that could go 28 . Then I heard from him. The first text said he had arrived. The second said one of his bags didn’t 29 it.
Feeling 30 , I madly attempted to track down the bag. And I persuaded him to go back to the 31 and go to the airline’s office. My efforts 32 . All the while Tom was texting me he was all right.
After that, there was no more talk about the lost bag, but I knew he would figure it out, and that the life lesson would be 33 .
Several days into the trip, Tom sent me a photo from Hong Kong. “I thought I could 34 study abroad anywhere but Europe. However, I could definitely do it here,” his note read. And I was 35 .
21.A.angry B.thankful C.sad D.surprised
22.A.experiences B.savings C.tools D.relations
23.A.travelling B.learning C.driving D.training
24.A.broke down B.put forward C.left out D.pulled away
25.A.while B.though C.unless D.until
26.A.mask B.own C.side D.mind
27.A.touching B.rocking C.checking D.repairing
28.A.wrong B.wild C.grey D.black
29.A.control B.afford C.deserve D.make
30.A.secure B.easy C.anxious D.confident
31.A.supermarket B.airport C.homeland D.car
32.A.arose B.continued C.failed D.survived
33.A.worthless B.unbearable C.foolish D.deep
34.A.never B.still C.just D.already
35.A.in disbelief B.at risk C.at peace D.in advance
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