专项7 阅读理解-说明文--沪教版（2024）七年级上册期末专项

原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 专项 7 阅读理解-说明文 Passage 1 The Generation Effect: AWay to Improve Memory Do you feel like you can remember things better when you work with the information actively (积极地), and make your own ideas or come up with your own examples? This is known as the Generation Effect (生成效应). A study from 1978 says that we remember information better if we create it ourselves instead of just reading it passively (被动地). Even today, scientists are still not quite sure how the Generation Effect actually works. Some think that making your own study material (材料) might wake up your semantic memory. That is all the general knowledge you’ve got over time, like facts and ideas. Others think that creating your own ideas might start special processes (过程) in your brain. But it doesn’t happen when you just read. Another idea is that playing with new information can help connect different pieces of it, making it easier to remember when you need to. No matter where the Generation Effect comes from, it is clear that it can help us a lot when we learn and remember information. So how can you use it in your day-to-day life? After reading a passage, open your notebook and try to write a few main points about the Passage 1: 生成效应的应用 Passage 2: 抽出时间陪伴家人 Passage 3: 评价他人时考虑他人感受 Passage 4: 早起的好处 Passage 5：双减政策后效果 Passage 6: 人工智能改变学校生活 Passage 7：友谊的重要性 Passage 8: 如何更好的自学 Passage 9: 巴厘岛的竹子学校 Passage 10：PISA项目说明 Passage 11: 联合国的母语保护活动 Passage 12：说唱音乐的起源 Passage 13：英国房屋的布局 Passage 14：中学生参加社团注意事项 Passage 15：做人的原则 话题概览 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 content (内容) from your memory. And if you’re learning to code (编程), read a guide book carefully, then try to practice what you’ve learned without looking at it. Go back to the book only when you really couldn’t move forward. What’s more, when trying to memorize anything you like, ask a friend to quiz (测试 ) you, so you can generate your own answers. Or create your own flashcards to test yourself. By doing these, you can better understand the things while learning. In the end, it’s about being active instead of passive when you learn. Taking a few minutes to create things can really help improve your learning. 1．What is the Generation Effect? A．Forgetting things quickly after reading something. B．Remembering things better when you make your own ideas. C．Having a good rest after study to improve your memory. 2．What does “semantic memory” in the text mean? A．The knowledge you have learned over time. B．The memory of words and their meanings. C．The knowledge of how to do some jobs. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Some special processes in your brain will start when you just read. B．Reading a guide book carefully can help create your own answers. C．Asking a friend to quiz you can help you remember the information. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose (目的) of writing this passage? A．To discuss a traditional learning method and its use in our study. B．To introduce the Generation Effect and how to use it in our life. C．To question the Generation Effect and its power on our learning. Passage 2 In today’s busy world, spending quality time with family can be a challenge. But it’s important for both children and parents. Quality time doesn’t mean you have to spend a lot of money or go out every day. It’s about making the most of the time you have together. Talk and Listen Talking and listening to each other helps families stay close. When kids feel they can talk to their parents, they are more likely to share their problems. This makes them feel better and helps them 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 3 grow. Cook Together Cooking together is a great way to spend time with kids. It helps them learn about food and feel happy with what they make. Trying new recipes (烹饪法) can also be a fun adventure for the whole family. Play Together Playing games with your kids is not just fun, it’s important for their learning and growing up. It helps them use their imagination (想象力) and learn to solve problems. When you play games with your kids, even if you don’t understand all the rules sometimes, it shows you care about them, and that’s all they need. Spending quality time with family is not about how much time you spend, but what you do with it. The most important thing is to keep finding time to be together, no matter how short or long. Try to make it a habit so it becomes a regular part of your life. 5．What does quality time with family mean? A．Spending a lot of money. B．Going out with kids every day. C．Using the time together well. 6．Why is it good for kids to talk to their parents? A．It makes kids do more housework at home. B．It makes kids feel better and helps them grow. C．It teaches kids to learn to work together. 7．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Importance of Cooking with Kids B．The Benefits of Playing Games Alone C．Ways to Spend Quality Time with Family Passage 3 Think about you are walking through the woods and you see a small dog. It looks cute and friendly. You move up to pat the dog. Suddenly it barks and tries to bite you. The dog no longer seems cute and you feel afraid and possibly angry. Then, as the wind blows, the leaves on the ground are 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 carried away and you see the dog has one of its legs caught in a trap (被捕捉器夹住). Now, you take pity on the dog. You know it becomes unfriendly because it is in pain (疼痛). We all judge (判断 ) others all the time. It might be over small things, like a workmate who spends too long on a lunch break. Or it might be over bigger ones, such as a person who hurts our feelings. There are many reasons why we judge others. It is human nature (人的本性) to find a way to survive (生存 ). When we see a dog (or a person) that might bite us, of course we feel afraid. We become nervous, want to fight back and are unable to see the possible reasons for others’ behaviour (行为). It’s natural to judge others, but try to catch yourself before you speak, for you can’t get your words back. Make a short stop. After all, like that dog in the trap, we really don’t know the reasons for someone’s behaviour. When someone disagrees with us or makes our life difficult, remember that it’s usually not about us. It may be about their own pain or struggle (挣扎 ). Why not let others say something for themselves? “You can never understand the pain of a person enough.” said Will Smith, “because to be honest, everyone is struggling. Some people are better at hiding (隐藏) it than others.” 8．Why does the writer talk about the dog in Paragraph 1? A．To describe the qualities of the dog.B．To share a good story with the readers. C．To give an example to show his ideas. D．To tell the readers to have pity on the dog. 9．According to the writer, we usually judge others ________. A．over bigger things instead of (而不是) small ones B．after thinking carefully about themselves C．about the real reasons behind their behaviour D．to make ourselves survive when feeling afraid 10．What can we know from the passage? A．We don’t need to care about others’ pain. B．We can always understand the pain of a person. C．Never think others’ pain is bigger than it really is. D．Never think others’ pain is smaller than it really is. 11．What is the best title of the passage? A．Think Twice Before You Judge B．Too Late to Judge C．The Best Way to Judge D．Have a Reason to Judge 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 5 Passage 4 “Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” This is an old English saying. It means that when we go to bed early, we can get up early the next morning. Then we will become healthy. We will also become rich and clever. This is true. To keep healthy, we must have enough sleep. Experts (专家) say that adults (成人) should get seven to eight hours of sleep a night. Teenagers need nine to ten hours of sleep. And school-aged children may need more than ten hours of sleep. Children who do not have enough sleep can’t do their work very well. They won’t be wise and they may not become wealthy! We also need exercise. Walking, running, swimming and playing games are all exercise. Exercise keeps us strong. It also helps the blood to move around the body. This is very important. Our blood takes the nutrition (营养) from food to all parts of our body. The head also needs blood. So exercise that moves the blood to our head helps us think better! 12．What does the underlined word “rise” mean? A．Stand up. B．Get up. C．Sit down. D．Do exercise. 13．If children don’t sleep for 10 hours, they may ________. A．not be late for school B．become wise C．not study well D．become rich 14．Which of the following is NOT true? A．Exercise helps the blood to move. B．A teenager should have 10 hours’ sleep. C．If we have enough blood, we’ll be wise. D．It’s good for you to get up early and go to bed early. Passage 5 Thanks to the double reduction policy (双减政策 ), many students may have time to enjoy after-school activities. 15 They may play football, table tennis or do Chinese Kungfu. Some students start learning art. 16 Other students can help their schools clean the libraries or learn to fix things. After-school activities are fun and good for students. 17 Here are some good reasons. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 18 After the rest, students can listen to the teachers more carefully and do their homework better. Secondly, students may find they are easy to make some friends while they are doing after-school activities. 19 And they have a lot of time to know better about each other. Finally, students can also get some new skills from activities. The important life skills like working with others are really useful. A．They study singing, dancing or drawing pictures. B．Firstly, doing after-school activities is a good rest. C．Others can help people work better. D．But why should students do after-school activities? E．When they do activities, they will talk to each other. F．Some students can play sports. Passage 6 AI (人工智能) changes school life. Here are some changes. In space classes, students use VR glasses to learn about what’s inside a rocket (火箭). Also, in swimming classes, by wearing smart earphones, children can get real-time instructions from the coach under the water. This makes training safer. For PE classes, with facial recognition technology (人脸识别技术 ), students can get voice reports and results (结果 ) on how they did right after each exercise. For example, before, when a student finished the long jump, the teacher had to use a ruler to measure how far it was. Now, the results just show up on their own. Besides learning, students can also enjoy meals made by the smart dining hall. In June, a school in Liaoning province introduced an “online meal choice and facial recognition meal pickup” system (系统) to the smart dining hall. To meet the different needs of students, the dining hall offers (提供) over 400 dishes, with 6 to 7 choices for each meal. Parents and students can choose meals online. It helps the school plan and prepare meals, cutting down on food and kitchen waste. So, AI changes our school life. What will happen in the future? Let’s wait and see! 20．What can students use smart earphones to do? A．To get voice reports and results. B．To measure how far they can jump. C．To learn about what’s inside a rocket. D．To get real-time instructions from the coach. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 7 21．Which of the following is the structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1,...) A． B． C． D． 22．Which of the following is TRUE about the smart dining hall in a school in Liaoning province? ① It offers over 400 dishes. ② Each meal has 6 to 7 choices. ③ Only students can choose meals online. ④ It helps the school plan and prepare meals. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④ 23．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．AI makes training safer. B．School life in the future. C．AI changes our school life. D．Classes are more interesting. Passage 7 Friendship is one of the most valuable gifts in life. It is a relationship beyond age, gender, culture, and even distance. Having friends means having a shoulder to cry on, and someone to share the joys and sadness of life with. Firstly, friends provide emotions (情感) support. They are the ones we can turn to when we feel lonely, upset, or confused (困惑). Friends listen to our problems, give advice, and help us see things from a different way. This emotional support is important for keeping our mental health and well-being. Secondly, friendship helps personal growth. Through our friends, we learn new things, discover new interests, and broaden our horizons (视野). Friends encourage us and push us to become better. Moreover, sometimes friends are our partners in fun. They are the ones we go on trips with, see concerts or movies with, and generally enjoy life with. These shared experiences make our relationship stronger and create lifelong memories. In short, friendship is an invaluable thing in our lives. It provides emotional support, helps personal growth, and makes our lives more colorful with shared experiences. True friends are few and should be treasured (珍惜). 24．According to the passage, what are the features of friendship? A．It is beyond age and gender. B．Friends can share happiness and sadness. C．Friends can provide a shoulder to cry on. D．All of the above. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 25．Which of the following can best show the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 26．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of friendship? A．Providing emotional support. B．Solving all personal problems. C．Creating shared memories. D．Helping with personal growth. 27．What can we learn from the passage? A．Having many friends means never feel lonely. B．Friends are only important during difficult times. C．Friendship can help us feel well when we are sad in our lives. D．We should only make friends with people who are similar to us. 28．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Friendship is an important part of life. B．Friends can help us solve all our problems. C．We should have many friends to be happy. D．Friendship is only about having fun together. Passage 8 ①Junior high school has more homework and subjects than primary school. You have to know more learning ways. Listening to teachers is a good way. But teaching yourself (自学) is also a useful way to learn. So how do you teach yourself? It’s not a difficult thing. ②First, you must read the textbooks. Read as much as you can. ③Second, you must ask yourself questions. The questions are something you don’t understand or you want to know about. You can write down these questions. A clever student is also good at asking questions. ④Third, you can learn to answer the questions in many ways, such as thinking by yourself, reading books and asking other people. ⑤These are the ways of teaching yourself. If you work like this for a long time, you are sure to be more successful (成功的) in your study. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 29．What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指的是)? 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 9 A．Reading books. B．Doing homework. C．Teaching yourself. 30．What should you do first when you teach yourself? A．Think by yourself. B．Read textbooks. C．Ask questions. 31．How can we learn to answer the questions? a. thinking by yourself. b. reading books. c. asking other people. d. listening to the radio. A．bcd. B．abc. C．acd. 32．What is the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． 33．What is the best title (最佳标题) of the passage? A．Ways of teaching yourself. B．What to do in the classroom. C．How to become a clever student. Passage 9 Do you know bamboo (竹子)? It’s always green in a year and it is everywhere in Bali. There are 1,450 kinds of bamboo around the world, but we only use seven kinds of them to make things. We can use bamboo to make things like beds, desks and chairs. My father uses bamboo to build Green School in Bali. In Green School, all of the rooms are made of bamboo. There are a lot of bamboo things in the classroom. Every classroom has a bamboo blackboard, some bamboo desks and bamboo chairs. But every classroom has no windows, doors or walls. It only has a bamboo roof (屋顶). Green School is very nice. Students are from 40 countries. They have math, English, art and music. In their free time, all students grow fruit and vegetables around the school. And they also keep pigs, sheep, chickens and ducks. A lot of food comes from their hands. Come and have a look at our Green School. It’s a nice school. 34．How many kinds of bamboo can we use to make things? A．7. B．14. C．40. D．1,450. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 35．Where is Green School? A．In Beijing. B．In Yunnan. C．In Bali. D．In Lijiang. 36．All the classrooms don’t have _______. A．windows, doors or roofs B．desks, chairs or walls C．desks, chairs or blackboards D．windows, doors or walls 37．The underlined word “their” in Paragraph 3 refers to “_______”. A．teachers’ B．parents’ C．students’ D．farmers’ 38．What’s the best title (标题) for the passage? A．Bamboo Room B．School Things C．Green SchoolD．Green Things Passage 10 Chinese students are thought to be hard workers who put great effort into their studies. How well do they perform on tests on a world level? The 2018 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA 国际学生能力评估项目) found that 15-year-olds in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang ranked No. 1 in reading, science and math. They got the highest rating (等级) —Level 4. The PISA is carried out every three years by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This year, it tested around 600, 000 students in 79 countries and regions. Students from Singapore came in second place in reading. Students from Macao, China ranked third in all three categories. Students from the United States ranked Level 3 for reading and science and Level 2 for math. Chinese mainland students first took part in the PISA in 2009, when students from Shanghai ranked on top. The city’s students got the top spot again in 2012. The PISA rankings have raised global interest in Chinese teaching methods. The UK ranked 26th in math in the 2012 PISA．Teachers there are starting to use Chinese math—teaching methods. Around 5, 000 of Britain's 16, 000 primary schools have used the Shanghai math—teaching method, China Daily reported. Britain translated math textbooks from Chinese schools and published them in 2017. Every year since 2014, groups of British and Chinese teachers have visited each other’s schools to share teaching tips and discuss methods. The new teaching methods have allowed younger students to learn basic knowledge in a more solid way that makes sure they understand more complex (复杂的) content when they are older, noted 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 11 Carol Knights from Britain’s National Centre for Excellence in the Teaching of Math. Both China and the UK have benefited from each other. “We’ve benefited from working with Chinese partners due to the very high quality of lesson planning and teaching for memorization in China. Our Chinese partners have benefited from our methods of the development of character, focus on innovation (创新) and application of knowledge, ” Philip Avery, from the Bohunt Education Trust, said to China Daily. 39．From the article, we know that mainland students___________. A．won many international prizes B．performed well on the 2018 PISA C．helped the OECD organize the 2018 PISA D．joined an international student organization 40．What do we know about the PISA? A．It tests students from different places. B．It is carried out every year. C．It is held by the United Nations. D．Its tests cover students in all countries. 41．What does the report show about students from different regions? A．Students from Macao ranked second in reading. B．Students from the US are better at reading than math. C．Students from Singapore ranked third in reading. D．Students from the US ranked Level 3 for math. 42．Britain translated math textbooks from Chinese schools to___________. A．learn how Chinese schools teach math B．improve British students’ ability to innovate C．help British students apply their knowledge D．give suggestions to Chinese students who are learning math 43．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．More countries will pay more attention to their teaching methods. B．China will get top score again. C．We should take extra courses after school. D．The students in China are smarter than those in other countries. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 Passage 11 ①Each year on Feb. 21, UNESCO (联合国教科文组织 ) holds an International Mother Language Day (IMLD). The event is to help people to pay attention to the disappearance of the world’s languages: many of them are disappearing each year. UNESCO sees this as a terrible fact. ② What happens when a language dies out? Something great is lost—not just sounds and marks but the way that people understand the world and communicate with each other. We keep different cultures and traditions through languages. Kill a language and all these are killed too. ③ Through IMLD, more and more people come to realize the terrible situation and try to stop it. Google’s 2018 Endangered (濒临灭绝的) Languages Project is a good example. Many speakers and protectors of endangered languages upload texts, audios and videos to the project website. They want to introduce the way that people communicate and express themselves around the world. ④ The Myaamia Project is the same kind of effort to revive the language spoken by the Miami tribes ( 部 落 ) of the United States. Project members work to encourage people to study and communicate with this language, which died out in the 1960s. ⑤These activities give life to those endangered languages. People who work to keep languages alive are not limited to the past. Many young people design apps and use social media to support their activities. They “spread the word” to save the word. ⑥So, while the problem of disappearing languages remains a very serious one, there is hope. We all have a special feeling of our mother language. This is why we should remember the wise words of late president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela: “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to a man in his own language, that goes to his heart.” 44．UNESCO holds IMLD every year in order to help people to A．learn and use endangered languages B．show their talents in learning languages C．practice reading skills of mother languages D．realize the situation of endangered languages 45．What did people do in Google’s 2018 Endangered Languages Project? A．They discussed how to make good use of Google. B．They offered online courses on endangered languages. C．They shared materials about endangered languages online. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 13 D．They translated endangered languages into mother languages. 46．What does the underlined word “revive” mean in Paragraph 4? A．create B．learn C．bring back D．clear 47．What can we guess from Paragraph 5? A．It is more difficult to protect endangered languages. B．The disappearance of languages has already stopped. C．Young people don’t care about endangered languages. D．Young people have creative ways to protect languages. 48．The writer mentions Nelson Mandela’s words in order to__________. A．tell the importance of one’s mother language B．show his help to language protection C．tell the trouble in learning endangered languages D．show the possibility of protecting mother languages Passage 12 ① Most of us believe that rap is a modern style of music. That’s true, but it’s older than many people think. Rap is modern because it’s hugely popular around the world today, and because some of the world’s biggest stars are rappers. On the other hand, rap is not new; its history goes back a very longtime. ② We can trace modern rap back to American blues music of the 1920s. Instead of singing the lyrics of their songs, blues musicians often spoke them. Later on, an American musician named James Brown developed a new style of performing that greatly influenced modern rap. Brown’s music used a certain style of drum beat; it is still the most common drum beat in modern rap music. ③ It is important to remember this: We can look at the history of rap, but we can’t trace its source back to a single point. As we have read in other articles, music types tend to be influenced by all different kinds of things. Rap is the same. Its influences come from many places. ④ The music that we recognize as modern rap arose in the 1980s. One of the early rap groups that help shape this movement was Public Enemy. Public Enemy started the trend that many rappers still follow. They discussed politics, culture, racism (种族主义), discrimination (歧视), black life in modern America and many other issues. Other rappers like Ice Cube, Ice-T, and Dr. Dre helped make rap an international success. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 14 ⑤ One of today’s biggest rappers is Jay-Z. He has sold more than 50 million records, and he has won 17 Grammies. A Grammy is one of the top awards that a person can win in music. Jay-Z is known for his ability to rap at different speeds, and his skill in using words in a clever, unique way. Jay-Z is more than just a performer, however. He has also opened music production businesses, clothing businesses, and a chain of bars. In fact, Jay-Z is one of the wealthiest people in the world. 49．What can we say about James Brown? A．He started playing music in the 1920s. B．He only played the drums. C．His music influenced rap. D．He died in the 1920s. 50．What is the main point of the third paragraph? A．Many different things have influenced rap. B．We can trace rap back to a single point. C．There are very few articles about rap. D．We know very little about rap. 51．What does “biggest” mean in the fifth paragraph? A．Most successful B．Least successful C．Tallest D．Most interesting 52．What kind of business has Jay-Z NOT opened? A．A clothing business B．Amusic production business C．A chain of bars D．A food production business 53．Which of the following sentences is TRUE? A．Modern rap appeared in the 1920s. B．Public Enemy helped shape modern rap. C．Rap is only popular in the United States. D．Dr. Dre didn’t help rap become an international success. Passage 13 ①Do you visit an English house? Do you want to know about it? ②In an English house, there is usually a small front garden. The back garden is bigger. ③There is a hall in the house. When you open the front door, you can see the hall. You can 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 15 usually see two windows in the living room. There is also a sofa and a big table with four chairs. People often watch TV and meet their friends in the living room. ④There is a kitchen in the house. From the hall, you can go to the kitchen. You can usually see three big cupboards in the kitchen. The sink (洗碗槽) is next to the back garden door. There is usually a table with four chairs in the kitchen. The family can eat there. ⑤In the study, there is a big desk in the middle. There is a computer on it. And bookcases are all around the room. ⑥On the first floor there are usually two bedrooms: a big one for the parents and a small one for their son or daughter. On the first floor,you can also see a bathroom. There is a washbasin (洗脸盆) opposite the door. On the right, there is a big bath and in the left corner there is a toilet. 54．How many gardens does an English house usually have? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 55．Where do people often meet their friends in an English house? A．In the hall. B．In the study. C．In the garden. D．In the living room. 56．What does the underline word (划线词) mean? A．储物间 B．娱乐室 C．学习 D．书房 57．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．An English house is usually small. B．There is usually a big table with six chairs in the kitchen. C．On the second floor, there are two bedrooms for parents and their child. D．There is a washbasin, a bath and a toilet in the bathroom on the first floor. 58．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①/②③④⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②/③④/⑤⑥ D．①/②③/④⑤⑥ Passage 14 Middle school students like joining clubs. Joining clubs in middle school can help you make new friends. It can help you know a lot of things. Students need to know something about the clubs. School clubs take time Joining a school club isn’t just about having fun, and kids must know that being in a club needs 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 16 time and needs to do a lot of things.This will make you busier (更忙). ________ Many students like to meet new friends in the clubs. Lindsay Moore from No. 8 Middle School says, “In the music club, I meet Jane. She likes music and she can play the piano very well. I like music too, and I can play the guitar. So Jane can help me play the piano. I can help her play the guitar. It’s so great.” What club to join There are many clubs in schools. Join a club that you like. If you like drawing, you can join the art club. If you like basketball, you can join the sports club. So what club do you want to join? It depends on your interests (兴趣) and hobbies. If your school doesn’t have clubs, you can start a club. They’re fun Joining a club can be a lot of fun, so students like the clubs. 59．Joining a club can make you ________. A．boring B．right C．busy D．healthy (健康的) 60．Which can be put into the blank (空白处)? A．When to join the club? B．Why to join the club? C．How to join the club? D．Where to join the club? 61．What can Jane do? A．She can play the piano. B．She can play the guitar. C．She can play basketball. D．She can sing and dance. 62．What does the underlined phrase “depends on” mean in Chinese? A．杜绝 B．取决于 C．反对 D．重生 63．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Middle School Students. B．School Clubs Are Fun. C．Join a Middle School Club. D．Clubs in Schools. Passage 15 Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don’t give friendship back. That is why some friendships don’t last (持续) very long. To have a friend, you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat (对待) you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous; be understanding. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 Honesty helps start a good friendship. Friends must be able to trust (信任) each other. If you don’t tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you are not honest, you may lose your friend’s trust. Good friends should always speak and act honestly. Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow. You don’t have to give your lunch money, your clothes, or your hobbies. Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. They tell your friend what is important to you. By sharing them, you help your friend know you better. Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem. So to be a friend you must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are ever exactly alike. But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friendships, you must practice honesty, generosity and understanding. 64．Some friendships don’t last very long because ________. A．too many people want to make friends B．some people receive friendship but don’t give friendship back C．some people give others friendship and receive friendship from others D．they don’t know friendship is something important 65．From the text, we know the word “generous” means ________. A．友好的 B．善良的 C．大方的 D．善解人意的 66．What does the word “them” refer to (指代) in the third paragraph? A．your ideas and feelings B．your hobbies and interests C．your lunch money and clothes D．your clothes and enjoyments 67．Which of the following is NOT TRUE in the text? A．Friends should always speak and act honestly. B．Sharing your ideas with your friend is very important. C．A friend who gives you his lunch money is a true friend. D．Talking about your problems with your friend often helps to solve the problem. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 阅读理解-说明文（答案解析） Passage 1 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了生成效应及其在生活中的应用。 1．细节理解题。根据“This is known as the Generation Effect (生成效应). A study from 1978 says that we remember information better if we create it ourselves instead of just reading it passively (被 动地).”可知，生成效应指“如果我们自己创造信息，而不是被动地阅读信息，我们就能更好地 记住信息”，故选 B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Some think that making your own study material (材料) might wake up your semantic memory. That is all the general knowledge you’ve got over time, like facts and ideas.” 可知，“semantic memory”指“你随着时间推移所获得的所有常识，比如事实和想法”，故选 A。 3．推理判断题。根据“What’s more, when trying to memorize anything you like, ask a friend to quiz (测试) you, so you can generate your own answers...By doing these, you can better understand the things while learning.”可知，当你想记住任何你喜欢的东西时，让朋友来测验你，能更好地理 解，C选项符合，故选 C。 4．推理判断题。根据“The Generation Effect: AWay to Improve Memory”及全文可知，作者的目 的是介绍生成效应及其在生活中的应用。故选 B。 Passage 2 5．C 6．B 7．C 【导语】本文讲了抽出时间陪伴家人，通过沟通、烹饪、游戏等方式，增进亲子感情，使家庭 关系更加和谐。 5．细节理解题。根据“Quality time doesn’t mean you have to spend a lot of money or go out every day. It’s about making the most of the time you have together.”可知，高质量的陪伴是指充分利用 在一起的时间。故选 C。 6．细节理解题。根据“When kids feel they can talk to their parents, they are more likely to share their problems. This makes them feel better and helps them grow.”可知，与父母交谈有助于孩子感觉更 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 好并成长。故选 B。 7．最佳标题题。根据“It’s about making the most of the time you have together.”及全文可知，整 篇文章围绕如何高质量地陪伴家人展开，因此最佳标题是“Ways to Spend Quality Time with Family”。故选 C。 Passage 3 8．C 9．D 10．D 11．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了当我们在对他人做出评价的时候，应该优先考虑别人的感受，他们并 不是针对你，而是可能在遭受着巨大的痛苦，只是你不知道而已。 8．推理判断题。根据文中“We all judge others all the time.”可知，作者提及狗的故事是为了引出 我们时常要做出判断的这个结论，举例子引出作者的观点。故选 C。 9．细节理解题。根据文中“There are many reasons why we judge others. It is human nature to find a way to survive.”可知，我们总是评判别人的原因是为了让自己更好地生存。故选 D。 10．推理判断题。根据文中“When someone disagrees with us or makes our life difficult, remember that it’s usually not about us. It may be about their own pain or struggle”及“You can never understand the pain of a person enough.”可知，我们不要把别人的痛苦想像地很简单。选项 D“永 远不要认为别人的痛苦比实际要小。”符合语境。故选 D。 11．最佳标题题。根据文中“It’s natural to judge others, but try to catch yourself before you speak, for you can’t get your words back.”及通读全文可知，文章想要表达的重点是我们在评价别人的 时候，要三思而后行。选项 A“三思而后行”符合语境。故选 A。 Passage 4 12．B 13．C 14．C 【导语】本文讲述了早睡早起的好处，以及充足的睡眠和适当的锻炼对健康的重要性。 12．词义猜测题。根据“Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”可知， 这句话是指早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。这里的“rise”与“get up”意思相近，指的是“起床”。 故选 B。 13．细节理解题。根据“Children who do not have enough sleep can’t do their work very well.”可知， 睡眠不足的孩子不能很好地完成他们的工作，即不能很好地学习。故选 C。 14．细节理解题。根据“Exercise keeps us strong. It also helps the blood to move around the body.” 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 3 可知，运动有助于血液循环。根据“Teenagers need nine to ten hours of sleep.”可知，青少年需要 9到 10小时的睡眠。根据“Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”可 知，早睡早起对我们有好处。文中并没有提到“如果我们有足够的血液，我们会变得聪明”，故 C项不正确。故选 C。 Passage 5 15．F 16．A 17．D 18．B 19．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了“双减政策”出来后，许多学生有了更多的时间享受课 外活动，并介绍了学生为什么要参加课外活动。 15．根据“They may play football, table tennis or do Chinese Kungfu.”介绍学生参加的运动，可知， 上文应引出运动的话题，选项 F“一些学生会做运动。”符合语境，故选 F。 16．根据“Some students start learning art.”一些学生开始学艺术，可知，下文应介绍学哪些艺术， 选项 A“他们学习唱歌、跳舞、绘画。”符合语境，故选 A。 17．根据“Here are some good reasons.”这有一些好理由，可知，上文应询问原因，选项 D“但为 什么学生应该参加课后活动呢？”符合语境，故选 D。 18．根据“After the rest, students can listen to the teachers more carefully and do their homework better.”休息后，学生听课状态更好，作业更仔细，可知，上文应引出课后活动与休息的关系， 选项 B“首先，参加课后活动是好的休息。”符合语境，故选 B。 19．根据“Secondly, students may find they are easy to make some friends while they are doing after-school activities.”学生在课后活动中交朋友更容易，可知，下文应继续讲述交朋友为何容 易，选项 E“当他们参加活动时，他们会相互交谈。”符合语境，故选 E。 Passage 6 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了人工智能改变了学校的生活。 20．细节理解题。根据“Also, in swimming classes, by wearing smart earphones, children can get real-time instructions from the coach under the water.”可知，通过佩戴智能耳机，孩子们可以在水 下从教练那里获得实时指导。故选 D。 21．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出主题人工智能改变了学校生活；第二到第四段从 学习和智能餐厅等方面介绍人工智能是如何改变学校生活的；第五段进行总结。因此文章是总 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 分总结构。故选 B。 22．细节理解题。根据“To meet the different needs of students, the dining hall offers (提供) over 400 dishes, with 6 to 7 choices for each meal. Parents and students can choose meals online. It helps the school plan and prepare meals, cutting down on food and kitchen waste”可知，这个智能餐厅能提供 400多道菜，每餐有 6到 7个选择，也有助于学校计划和准备餐食。故选 D。 23．主旨大意题。根据“AI (人工智能) changes school life. Here are some changes.”及全文可知， 本文主要介绍了人工智能如何改变学校生活的。故选 C。 Passage 7 24．D 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了友谊的重要性。 24．细节理解题。根据“It is a relationship beyond age, gender, culture, and even distance. Having friends means having a shoulder to cry on, and someone to share the joys and sadness of life with.” 可知，友谊是一种超越年龄、性别、文化甚至距离的关系，拥有朋友意味着有一个可以依靠的 肩膀，有人与我们分享生活中的喜怒哀乐。故选 D。 25．篇章结构题。文章第一段先整体说明了友谊的重要性，二三四段分别阐述了朋友的作用， 最后一段总结友谊是我们生活中无价的东西，故本文是总分总结构。故选 D。 26．细节理解题。根据“It provides emotional support, helps personal growth, and makes our lives more colorful with shared experiences.”可知，朋友提供情感支持，有助于个人成长，创造终身难 忘的回忆，没有提到解决所有个人问题。故选 B。 27．细节理解题。根据“Having friends means having a shoulder to cry on, and someone to share the joys and sadness of life with…create lifelong memories”可知，拥有朋友意味着有一个可以依靠的 肩膀，有人与我们分享生活中的喜怒哀乐，故朋友能够让我们在难过时感觉好一些。故选 C。 28．主旨大意题。根据“In short, friendship is an invaluable thing in our lives.”并通读全文可知， 作者向我们介绍了朋友的很多作用，最后总结说友谊是我们生活中无价的东西，故本文主要是 为了说明友谊是生活的重要组成部分。故选 A。 Passage 8 29．C 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了如何能够更好的自学。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 5 29．词义猜测题。根据“So how do you teach yourself? It’s not a difficult thing.”可知，自学不是一 件困难的事情。因此划线单词 it代指的是“自学”。故选 C。 30．细节理解题。根据“First, you must read the textbooks.”可知，首先应该读课本。故选 B。 31．细节理解题。根据“Third, you can learn to answer the questions in many ways, such as thinking by yourself, reading books and asking other people.”可知，可以通过自己思考、看书、问别人等多 种方式学会答题。故选 B。 32．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题；第二、三四段讲述了自学的方法；第五段 总结文章，因此文章的结构是总分总，A选项符合。故选 A。 33．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何能够更好的自学。因此文章的最佳标题 是“自学的方式”。故选 A。 Passage 9 34．A 35．C 36．D 37．C 38．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者父亲用竹子在巴厘岛建了 Green School。 34．细节理解题。根据“but we only use seven kinds of them to make things.”可知，我们只用七种。 故选 A。 35．细节理解题。根据“My father uses bamboo to build Green School in Bali.”可知，学校在 Bali。 故选 C。 36．细节理解题。根据“But every classroom has no windows, doors or walls.”可知，每个教室都 没有窗户、门或墙壁。故选 D。 37．词句猜测题。根据“In their free time, all students grow fruit and vegetables around the school. And they also keep pigs, sheep, chickens and ducks. A lot of food comes from their hands.”可知，所 有的学生都在学校周围种植水果和蔬菜，他们还饲养猪、羊、鸡和鸭，很多食物来自他们的手， 故此处 their指代“学生们的”。故选 C。 38．最佳标题题。根据“Come and have a look at our Green School. It’s a nice school.”及通读全文 可知，本文主要介绍了作者父亲用竹子在巴厘岛建了 Green School。故选 C。 Passage 10 39．B 40．A 41．B 42．A 43．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国学生在国际学生能力评估项目（PISA）中的表现，以及英国等 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 国家对中国教学方法的关注和借鉴。文章还提到中英两国在教育方法上的互相学习和交流。 39．细节理解题。根据“The 2018 Program for International Student Assessment found that 15-year-olds in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang ranked No. 1 in reading, science and math.” 可知，来自大陆的学生在 2018年的 PISA国际学生能力评估项目中表现非常好。故选 B。 40．细节理解题。根据“The PISA is carried out every three years by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This year, it tested around 600, 000 students in 79 countries and regions.”可知，它测试了来自不同地方的学生。故选 A。 41．细节理解题。根据“Students from Singapore came in second place in reading. Students from Macao, China ranked third in all three categories. Students from the United States ranked Level 3 for reading and science and Level 2 for math.”可知，来自美国的学生在阅读和科学方面三级，在数 学方面二级，因此美国学生的阅读比数学好。故选 B。 42．推理判断题。根据“Britain translated math textbooks from Chinese schools and published them in 2017. Every year since 2014, groups of British and Chinese teachers have visited each other’s schools to share teaching tips and discuss methods.”可知，英国将中国学校的数学课本翻译成英文 版是为了学习中国学校如何教数学。故选 A。 43．推理判断题。根据“The new teaching methods have allowed younger students to learn basic knowledge in a more solid way that makes sure they understand more complex content when they are older, noted Carol Knights from Britain’s National Centre for Excellence in the Teaching of Math.”可以推断新的教学方法可以帮助学生更好的学习，因此更多的国家会关注教学方法。故 选 A。 Passage 11 44．D 45．C 46．C 47．D 48．A 【导语】本文主要讲了联合国教科文组织发起的保护母语的活动，讲了母语的重要性以及消亡 后的后果。 44．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The event is to help people to pay attention to the disappearance of the world’s languages: many of them are disappearing each year.”可知，该活动旨在帮助人们关注 世界语言的消失。故选 D。 45．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many speakers and protectors of endangered languages upload texts, audios and videos to the project website.”可知，许多濒危语言的使用者和保护者将文本、音 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 7 频和视频上传到该项目网站，也就是说在线分享濒危语言的材料。故选 C。 46．词义猜测题。根据“The Myaamia Project is the same kind of effort to revive the language spoken by the Miami tribes (部落) of the United States.”可知，Myaamia项目使美国迈阿密部落所说的语 言得以复活也做出了同样的努力。因此 revive最可能得意思是“复活，重新使用”。故选 C。 47．推理判断题。根据第五段内容“These activities give life to those endangered languages. People who work to keep languages alive are not limited to the past. Many young people design apps and use social media to support their activities. They ‘spread the word’ to save the word.”可知，现在的年 轻人用更有创新的方法保护语言。故选 D。 48．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We all have a special feeling of our mother language. This is why we should remember the wise words of late president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela: ‘If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to a man in his own language, that goes to his heart.’”可推测出，提及他的话是为了告诉我们母语的重要性。故选 A。 Passage 12 49．C 50．A 51．A 52．D 53．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了说唱音乐的起源。 49．细节理解题。根据“Later on, an American musician named James Brown developed a new style of performing that greatly influenced modern rap.”可知，美国音乐家詹姆斯·布朗发展出了一种新 的表演风格，这种风格极大地影响了现代说唱。故选 C。 50．主旨大意题。根据“As we have read in other articles, music types tend to be influenced by all different kinds of things. Rap is the same. Its influences come from many places. ”可知，正如我们在 其他文章中读到的，音乐类型往往受到各种不同事物的影响。说唱也是一样，它的影响来自许 多地方。故选 A。 51．词义猜测题。根据“He has sold more than 50 million records, and he has won 17 Grammies.” 可知，他已经售出了超过 5亿张唱片，并且赢得了 17个格莱美奖。据此推测 biggest在文中是 “最成功”的意思。故选 A。 52．细节理解题。根据“He has also opened music production businesses, clothing businesses, and a chain of bars.”可知，他还开办了音乐产品业务、服装业务和连锁酒吧，没开办食品业务。故选 D。 53．推理判断题。根据“We can trace modern rap back to American blues music of the 1920s.”可知， 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 选项A不正确。根据“One of the early rap groups that help shape this movement was Public Enemy.” 可知，早期帮助塑造这一运动的说唱团体之一是 Public Enemy。所以选项 B正确。根据“Rap is modern because it’s hugely popular around the world today”可知说唱在当今全球范围内非常流行， 而并非旨在美国，所以选项 C 不正确。根据“Dr. Dre helped make rap an international success. ” 可知 Dr. Dre帮助使说唱在国际上取得了成功。故选项 D错误。通过对比，故选 B。 Passage 13 54．B 55．D 56．D 57．D 58．A 【导语】本文介绍了典型的英国房屋的结构和布局，包括前后花园、客厅、厨房、书房、卧室 和浴室的特点。 54．细节理解题。根据“In an English house, there is usually a small front garden. The back garden is bigger.”可知，一共是两个花园。故选 B。 55．细节理解题。根据“ People often watch TV and meet their friends in the living room.”可知，主 人在客厅招待朋友们。故选 D。 56．词句猜测题。根据“there is a big desk in the middle. There is a computer on it. And bookcases are all around the room.”这个房间有桌子和电脑，也有许多书橱，猜测这是书房。故选 D。 57．细节理解题。根据“On the first floor，you can also see a bathroom. There is a washbasin (洗脸 盆) opposite the door. On the right, there is a big bath and in the left corner there is a toilet.”可知，一 楼浴室里有洗脸盆、浴缸和厕所。故选 D。 58．文章结构题。第①段是引入话题，询问读者是否想了解英国的房子。接下来的段落 ②③④⑤⑥分别描述了英国房子的不同部分，因此是“总——分”关系。故选 A。 Passage 14 59．C 60．B 61．A 62．B 63．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中学生对于参加学校俱乐部需要了解的一些事情。 59．细节理解题。根据“and kids must know that being in a club needs time and needs to do a lot of things. This will make you busier.”可知，参加俱乐部会让你忙碌起来，故选 C。 60．主旨大意题。根据此处所处位置和文章结构可知此处应是下一段的主旨句，而由 “Manystudents like to meet new friends in the clubs.”及全段可判断这里介绍的是参加俱乐部的原 因，故选 B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 9 61．细节理解题。根据“In the music club, I meet Jane. She likes music and she can play the piano very well.”可知，Jane会弹钢琴，故选 A。 62．词义猜测题。根据“ If you like drawing, you can join the art club. If you like basketball, you can join the sports club.”并结合备选项可猜测参加什么俱乐部取决于兴趣和爱好，故选 B。 63．最佳标题题。本文就中学生参加校园俱乐部这一问题介绍了参加学校俱乐部需要了解的一 些事情，故选 C。 Passage 15 64．B 65．C 66．A 67．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了做一个好朋友所要学会的三个原则是诚实、慷慨、理解。 64．细节理解题。根据第一段“Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don’t give friendship back. That is why some friendships don’t last very long. ”可知，有些友谊不会持续很长 时间，因为有些人得到友谊，但不回报友谊，这就是为什么有些友谊不会持续很长时间的原因。 故选 B。 65．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow.” 可 知，划线单词“generous”与分享有关，意思是“大方的、慷慨的”。故选 C。 66．推理判断题。根据前文“Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings.”你自然会想 分享你的想法和感受，由此可知，“them”这个词指的是“你的想法和感受”。故选 A。 67．推理判断题。根据“You don’t have to give your lunch money, your clothes, or your hobbies. ” 可知，C选项“A friend who gives you his lunch money is a true friend.”给你午餐钱的朋友才是真 正的朋友，描述与原文不符，故此处 C选项是不正确的。故选 C。