2025年广东中考英语二轮复习语法专项突破课件：专题二 冠词

专题二 冠词 知识点 考查题型 具体考查内容 不定冠词a/an 语法选择 (2024)40.a，an，the (2023)36. a， an， the (2022)38.a， an， the 定冠词the / / 零冠词 / / 不定冠词a/an 主要用法 例子 首次提到某人/某物时，起介绍 作用 Long long ago， an old man lived in a small village. 某一类人或事物中的一个，不 具体说明何人/何物 There is an elephant in the zoo. 表示数量“一”，相当于one He has a big mouth and big eyes. 主要用法 例子 表示“每一”的意思，相当于 every/each Tom goes to school five days a week. 用在序数词前，表示“再一；又 一” She has a son now， but she wants a second one. 用于抽象名词前，使抽象名词具体 化，表示“一次；一种；一场” There will be a heavy rain tomorrow. 主要用法 例子 用于物质名词前，使物质 名词普通化 I would like a drink. 用在某些固定短语中 have a look，in a hurry， a little， for a while，a pair of 注意： (1)a和an的区别： 不定冠词 用法 例子 a 修饰以辅音音素开头的单数可 数名词 a bag， a pear an 修饰以元音音素开头的单数可 数名词 an orange， an egg (2)在26个英文字母中，由于字母a、 e、 f、 h、 i、 l、 m、 n、 o、 r、 s、 x的读音以元音音素开头，所以表示“一个 a/e/f/h/i/l/m/n/o/r/s/x字母”时，用an。如：an “a”；an “h”。 (3)有些单词虽然以元音字母开头，但读音以辅音音素开头，须使 用不定冠词a；有些单词虽然以辅音字母开头，但读音以元音音 素开头，须使用不定冠词an。 用法 例子 以元音字母但辅音音素开头的，前面 用a a European country，a one-week trip 以辅音字母但元音音素开头的(且首 字母不发音)，前面用an an hour，an honest girl 用法 例子 u 读[juː](辅音音素开 头) a useful book，a usual farmer，a university student 读[ʌ]或[uː](元音音素开头) an uncle，an umbrella， an ugly man，an unhappy day (　B　)1. (2024龙东改编)－Shenzhou-18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th， 2024.It’s such  　　　　exciting event. －Yes. And the astronauts are our heroes. I want to be  　　　　useful person like them. A. a； an B. an； a C. a； the D. an；the B 定冠词the 主要用法 例子 表示谈话双方都知道的人/物 Would you mind turning down the radio， Jim？ 表示上文中提到的人/物或第二 次提到的人/物 I have a cat. The cat is yellow. 用于序数词、形容词或副词的 最高级前 The third truck carried apples. 主要用法 例子 用于指世界上独一无二的事物或江 河、山脉、海湾、海峡、沙漠等专有 名词前 The moon is far smaller than the earth. the Nile，the Alps，the Changjiang River 主要用法 例子 用于表示方位的名词前 Shanghai is in the east of China. 用于身体部位的名词前 The ball hit me on the shoulder. 用于乐器前 I practise the piano every day after school. 用于年代、朝代前 the Ming Dynasty，in the 1950s 主要用法 例子 用于某些形容词前，表示某一 类人或物 the rich，the poor，the young 用于姓氏复数前，表示“一家 人”或“夫妇” The Greens have worked in Xi’an for years. 用于某些固定短语中 in the morning， listen to the radio， by the way (　C　)2. (2024绥化改编)Beijing，  　　　　capital of China， is  　　　　city with a long history. A. /； the B. a； the C. the； a D. the；an C (　C　)3. (2024武威)I bought a new computer last weekend.  　　　　computer is made in China. A. A B. An C. The D. / C 零冠词 常见情况 例子 在球类、棋类活动、学科名称 前不加冠词 We have Chinese and English every day. 在“by＋交通工具”的结构中 不加冠词 I went to Beijing by plane. 在节假日、月份、四季、星期 前不加冠词 June 1 is Children’s Day./It’s spring now. 常见情况 例子 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词 或数词时不加冠词 That handbag is in her car. 某些专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前一 般不加冠词 He lives in Canada. 三餐名词前通常不加冠词 have supper， after breakfast 在称呼、头衔、职位前不加冠词 What can I do for you， sir？ 常见情况 例子 不可数名词表泛指时前不加冠词 We can’t live without air or water. 复数名词表类别时前不加冠词 Pandas are lovely animals. 在某些固定词组和习惯用语中不 加冠词 at night， in trouble， go to hospital 注意：1. 如果物质名词和抽象名词有限制定语修饰，应在其前用 冠词。如： a big supper， a quick breakfast。 　　　2. 如果季节有限制定语修饰，应在其前用冠词。如： in the winter of 2017。 ※拓展 部分短语有无冠词的区别 in class 在上课 in the class 在班级中 in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在医院里看病、工作或 参观、看望病人 at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁 take place 发生 take the place of 代替 in front of 在……(整 体外部)的 前面 in the front of 在……(整体内部)的前面 (　A　)4. (2023淮安)I usually have  　　　　lunch with my classmates at school. A. / B. a C. an D. the (　D　)5. (2023西藏)My father likes sports.He is good at playing  　　　　soccer. A. a B. an C. the D. / A D 【速记口诀】 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子， 可数名词单，须用a或an， 辅音前用a，an在元音前， 若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见， 碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 冠词在语法选择中的运用 ★Step 1 判断冠词表泛指还是表特指 ★Step 2 表示泛指时，判断用不定冠词a还是an (2024广东)To learn how to deal with money is  　40　 useful life skill. 40. A. a B. an C. the 【思路点拨】根据句意可知，此处泛指一种有用的生活技 能，且空后“useful”的读音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词 a。故选A。 一、单项填空 (　D　)1. (2024兴安盟二模)－Shall we play  　　　　football this afternoon？ －Good idea！ Do you have  　　　　football？ A. the； a B. a； a C. /； / D. /； a D (　C　)2.(2024扬州二模)On  　　　　Children’s Day， Jack received a prize for being  　　　　honest boy. A. a； the B. /； the C. /； an D. the； a C (　C　)3.My mother is making  　　　　apple pie and I want to try  　　　　piece. A. a； an B. a； / C. an；a D. an； / C (　A　)4. James is  　　　　hard-working engineer. His spirit encourages us. A. a B. an C. the D. / A (　C　)5.－The sun is shining， and you’d better take  　　　　umbrella when you go out. －OK. It’s  　　　　useful suggestion. A. an； the B. a； an C. an；a D. the；an C 二、单句选词填空 a　an　the　/ 1. This is English-Chinese dictionary. It’s useful tool. 2. There is a car in front of our house， and the driver is in front of it. 3. Today is important day for me. 4. March 8th is Women’s Day. 5. China is old country with long history. an　 a　 /　 the　 an　 /　 /　 an　 a　 三、小语篇特训 　　People are so busy these days that many people have no time to cook. This becomes  　1　 problem， because most families love home cooking！  　2　 food tastes good and warm， and a family meal brings everyone together. In some families， meals are often the only time everyone sees one another at  　3　 same time. (　A　)1. A. a B. an C. the (　C　)2. A. A B. / C. The (　B　)3. A. a B. the C. / A C B 　　Another  　4　 reason people enjoy home cooking is that it is often a way of showing love. A parent who makes some cookies is not just satisfying a child’s sweet tooth. She or he is sending a message that says， “I care about you enough to spend  　5　 hour making cookies that you will eat up in fifteen minutes if I let you.” Home cooking makes most of us feel good and loved. (　B　)4. A. an B. / C. the (　A　)5. A. an B. the C. a B A 四、语法选择 　　(2024重庆B卷改编)My grandma is almost 80 years old， and she looks very healthy. She was  　1　 math teacher many years ago. She has been away from her work  　2　 over 20 years ago. (　A　)1. A. a B. an C. the (　C　)2. A. in B. at C. since A C Every morning， she gets up early and makes breakfast for  　3　 family. She doesn’t want us  　4　 outside. She is always saying， “Don’t you think mine is  　5　 than theirs？” (　B　)3. A. me B. my C. mine (　C　)4. A. eating B. eat C. to eat (　B　)5. A. good B. better C. best B C B Many elderly people like dancing together in the neighborhood， but my grandma doesn’t.When she  　6　 why she never joins them，she always smiles and says，“I’m not that old.” (　B　)6. A. asks B. is asked C. was asked 【解析】考查被动语态。根据语境及句意可知，主语she与ask为 动宾关系，应用被动语态，且由后半句可知，此处应用一般现在 时。故选B。 B My grandma enjoys walking. She says it is good for her 　7　. She often takes walks in the parks. These days， she has a new  　8　. She has fallen in love with city walks. “I can talk to people  　9　 I am walking with them. I can also enjoy the beauty (　A　)7. A. health B. healthy C. healthily (　A　)8. A. hobby B. hobbies C. hobby’s (　C　)9. A. after B. before C. while A A C and the changes of the city. In the next few years， I  　10　 to every corner of the city，” she says. I hope my grandma will be young， healthy and happy forever！ (　C　)10. A. walk B. walked C. will walk C $$