Unit 1 Wish you were here Grammar and Usage 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册

Unit 1 Wish you were here Grammar and usage Non-restrictive relative clauses Learning objectives: 1. Identify the use of non-restrictive relative clauses; 2. Work out the rules of non-restrictive relative clauses; 3. Use non-restrictive relative clauses to finish the tasks of rewriting sentences and translating sentences. 一、非限制性定语从句构成及定义： +,+ 关系词 先行词 She has two brothers, (who are working in the city). + 其他部分 构成：先行词+，+关系词+其他部分 I live in Nanjing, （which is a big city.） I like my English teacher, （who speaks good English.） I visit my grandparents at the weekend, (when I do not go to school.) 定义：非限制性定语从句对先行项进行补充说明,通常用逗号与主句隔开。 Rule 1: We often use a non-restrictive relative clause to add _______ (额外的）information to a noun, pronoun or noun phrase in the main clause or the main clause. A _________ （逗号）is usually used to separate the adding clause and the main clause. extra comma 非限制性定语从句与主句用逗号隔开，补充说明先行词或主句 Work out the rules on page 6. Exploring the rules Find the sentences with non-restrictive relative clauses in the article. Exploring the rules These industries, in turn, give jobs to the local population, whose welfare depends on tourism. The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too, which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community. More nature-centred tourist attractions, where man and nature live in harmony, can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists. As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely to suffer, which could endanger the local plants and animals. Local festivals and customs, which may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply become entertainment for tourists. Read and compare the sentences with which. The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too, which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community. As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely to suffer, which could endanger the local plants and animals. Local festivals and customs, which may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply become entertainment for tourists. 非限制性定语从句中，可用which指代整个或部分主句 Rule 3: We can use _________(which/who/where) in a non-restrictive relative clause to refer to the main clause as a whole. which 非限制性定语从句中，可用which指代整个或部分主句 Work out the rules on page 6. Exploring the rules 关系词 所指 所作成分 二、非限制性定语从句的关系词 关系代词 关系副词 （充当成分） （不充当成分） who whom which whose as when where 指人 主语 指人 宾语 指代整个主句或主句的一部分 主语/宾语 指人或指物的 定语＋名词 指代整个主句或主句的一部分 主语/宾语 时间名词 时间状语 地点名词 地点状语 介词+which (=at/in/··· which) (= at/ on/ in/ during/··· which) 10 This is the farm where we worked when we were young. = on which I often think of the moment when I first met her. = at which Rule 2: We usually introduce a non-restrictive relative clause with a relative pronoun like who, whom, which and whose or a relative adverb like when and where. The relative pronoun and adverb ________ (can /cannot) be left out in a non-restrictive relative clause. cannot 非限制性定语从句中不用that不用why, 关系词不可省略 Work out the rules on page 6. Exploring the rules There are several reasons why the boys should be punished. = for which 1.在非限制性定语从句中，whom、which 前面可以加 some/ several/ a few / many /more/ most/all of 等修饰词，表示整体中的部分或所有。(指物：which; 指人：whom) I have many friends, _________________ are experts. 我有许多朋友，其中一些是专家。 I have been to many big cities, __________ have left a deep impression on me. 我去过很多大城市，所有的都给我留下来深刻的印象。 some of whom all of which 三、补充用法 13 2.as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是整个主句或主句的一部分。as引导的从句可以置于主句前、主句中或主句后。as是关系词中唯一可以置于句首的关系词。 1. As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer. 美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。 2. He is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。 3. Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China. 你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。 as 有以下常见的固定表达： as we all know(as is well known)众所周知 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as we expect (as was expected) 正如我们预料的那样 as can be seen看得出来 as has been said above 如上所述 as is often the case 像常规那样 as is /was reported 正如报道的那样 (3) St Petersburg, _______ is a very beautiful city, was once called Leningrad. (4) Yesterday I met Li Ping, _____seemed to be very busy. (5) He came to the United States in 1914, _____World War Ⅰ broke out. (6) Singapore, ______I have lived for ten years, is a dynamic country with many a skyscraper. which who when where (1) Beijing, ______ is the capital of China, has a very long history. (2) He was late again, ______ made the teacher very unhappy. which which Exercises Practice makes Perfect 三部曲： 1. 划分主从句 2.圈先行词 3.先行词带入从句 e.g. My parents went on a tour of Japan with 20 people. Some of them had never been abroad before. →My parents went on a tour of Japan with 20 people, some of whom had never been abroad before. Applying the rules Rewrite the following sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses. P7 B1 My parents went on a tour of Japan with 20 people, some of whom had never been abroad before. My favourite place to visit is a little village near Shanghai, where my grandma was born. Dr Luo, who is an expert in Chinese history, will give us a tour of Beijing. I’m reading a guidebook to Rome, which is really fascinating and helpful. I’d rather visit Europe in summer, when the weather is at its best. 1.你要积极参加课堂活动，这将有助于发掘你的潜力和建立你的信心。 You must take an active part in class activities, which will help to explore your potential and build up your confidence. 2. 你应该交一些朋友，这可以克服你的孤独感。 You are supposed to make some friends, which can overcome your loneliness. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English using non-restrictive relative clauses. words: 发掘：explore 潜能：potential 孤独感：loneliness $$