2025届广西壮族自治区中职英语对口升学专题复习：第二部分语法专题11动词的被动语态课件

专题十一 动词的被动语态 文化基础测试复习指南·英语 广西公办高职高专院校单独(对口)招生考试——文化基础测试复习指南·英语 当谓语表示一个动作时，若主语是动作的执行者，谓语要用主动语态；主语为动作的承受者时，谓语就要用被动语态。 专题十一动词的被动语态 考点清单 被动语态的构成与用法 专题十一动词的被动语态 -01 PART 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。由助动词be来表现时态，由及物动词的过去分词来表示语态。其变化方法如下。 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 build/ builds is/ am/ are+built 一般过去时 built was/ were+built 现在进行时 am/ is/ are+building am/ is/ are+being built 现在完成时 have/ has+built have/ has+been built 一般将来时 shall/ will/ be going to+build shall/ will/ be going to+be built 专题十一动词的被动语态 01 02 不知道，或者出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑或者没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时都不带由 by引起的短语)。如： You are wanted on the phone. 有人给你打电话。 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带有by引起的短语)。如： The house was washed away by the storm. 房子被暴风雨冲走了。 二、被动语态的用法 专题十一动词的被动语态 使句子得到更合理、流畅的安排。如： Your letter has been received and your complaint is being dealt with. 来信收到。你的投诉正在处理之中。 He appeared at the scene and was warmly applauded by the audience. 他在现场出现，观众给予了热烈的掌声。 03 二、被动语态的用法 专题十一动词的被动语态 在文章标题、广告、新闻等中常用省略助动词 be的被动语态。如： Tall building burnt.高楼失火。(省略了 was) Girls Wanted. 招女工。(广告用语，省略了 are) Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(新闻报道，省略 is) 04 二、被动语态的用法 专题十一动词的被动语态 The trees must three times a week. A. be watered B. is watered C. is being watered D. will be watered 典例剖析12 【答案】A 易错点 被动语态也是动词的应用之一，因此除了要掌握好它的结构之外，在具体应用时，还要考虑它的时态以及和情态动词的结合，否则容易出错。 【解析】句意：“这些树一周必须浇三次水。”根据句意可知，“树”与“水”的关系是被动关系，因此句子必须用被动语态。同时句子有情态动词 must,情态动词后面的第一个动词必须要用原形，故选A。 二、被动语态的用法 专题十一动词的被动语态 Keep quiet,please. Talking during the meeting. A. is not allowed B. is allowed C. are not allowed D. will be allowed 典例剖析13 【答案】A 易错点 本题如不能辩析祈使句，则不能准确判断答案。 【解析】本题考查被动语态的否定形式。句意：“请安静。会议期间不许交谈。”根据语境判断，“交谈不被允许”,选项 A和C都有不被允许的意思，但是主语 talking 是动名词，通常被当作第三人称单数看待，故选A。 二、被动语态的用法 专题十一动词的被动语态 不带 to的不定式做宾语补足语在句子变为被动时要加上 to(let 除外)。如： You don't have to make Peter work hard. Peter doesn't have to be made to work hard. 没有必要逼迫彼得努力学习。 特别提示 二、被动语态的用法 专题十一动词的被动语态 主动语态变被动语态的方法 专题十一动词的被动语态 -02 PART “主语+谓语+宾语”结构在变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为被动句的主语，原来的谓语变为“be+过去分词”形式，原来的主语在被动句中由by引出，有时可省略。如： Someone broke the window.→The window was broken(by someone). 有人打破了窗户。 We are looking into this matter.→This matter is being looked into(by us). 这件事正在调查中。 一、“主语+谓语+宾语”结构的主、 被动转化 专题十一动词的被动语态 “主语+谓语十间接宾语+直接宾语”结构变为被动语态时，可以将两个宾语中的任何一个宾语作为被动句的主语。这个结构的转换分为两种：一种可以转化为带介词 to的结构，一种可以转化为带介词for的结构。 二、“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构的主、被动转化 专题十一动词的被动语态 ①转化为带介词to的结构。 可以这样转化的动词主要有 give,send,take,bring 等。如： She gave me a nice gift. / She gave a nice gift to me. →A nice gift was given to me by her. 她给了我一件很漂亮的礼物。 专题十一动词的被动语态 二、“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构的主、被动转化 ②转化为带介词 for 的结构。 可以这样转化的动词主要有 buy,make,find,be等。如： Mother bought me a nice gift./ Mother bought a nice gift for me.→A nice gift was bought for me by mother. 母亲给我买了一份很棒的礼物。 专题十一动词的被动语态 二、“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构的主、被动转化 “主语+谓语+宾语十宾语补足语”结构转变为被动语态时应将主动句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。如： We asked Jenny to sing another song.→Jenny was asked to sing another song. 我们要求詹妮再唱一首歌。 I find this book very interesting.→This book is found very interesting. 我们发现这本书很有趣。 专题十一动词的被动语态 三、“主语 +谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的主、 被动转化 含有直接宾语和间接宾语时，一般把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不动。如： He gave me a dictionary.→I was given a dictionary by him.他给我一本字典。(宾语me 变为主语后要改成主格 I) 如果将直接宾语(物)变为主语，那么动词后要用相应的介词。如： Mother bought us a big present.→A big present was bought for us by mother. 妈妈给我们买了一份大礼物。 专题十一动词的被动语态 三、“主语 +谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的主、 被动转化 特别提示 01 常见的能接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的词有 give、show、bring、lend、send(送、寄)等，这些词与介词to搭配；还有buy、make、draw(画画)等，这些词与介词 for 搭配。如： The artist drew the king a horse in five minutes. →A horse was drawn for the king infive minutes by the artist. 画家用5分钟时间就给国王画了一匹马。 专题十一动词的被动语态 三、“主语 +谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的主、 被动转化 含有宾语补足语的句子，宾语变为主语后，宾语补足语改为主语补足语，原来的位置一般不变。但如果宾语补足语是不带 to的动词不定式，句子变成被动语态后则要加to,以便将两个动词隔开。如： 专题十一动词的被动语态 三、“主语 +谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的主、 被动转化 02 We keep food cold in the fridge.→Food is kept cold in the fridge. 我们用电冰箱保鲜食品。(宾语补足语 cold 位置不变) We heard him sing in his room just now.→He was heard to sing in his room by us just now. 我们刚刚听见他在他自己的房间里唱歌。(不带 to的动词不定式变成被动语态后加 to) 专题十一动词的被动语态 三、“主语 +谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的主、 被动转化 除了单一的及物动词可以用于被动语态外，一些相当于及物动词的动词短语也可 用于被动语态，使用时将整个短语看成一个动词。如： Someone turned off the light.→The light was turned off (by someone). 有人把灯关掉了。 We can't laugh at him.→He can't be laughed at. 我们不能嘲笑他。 专题十一动词的被动语态 三、“主语 +谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的主、 被动转化 03 沙场练兵 1.I as monitor of our class yesterday. A. chose B. chosen C. am chosen D. was choser 2. The stage by others now. You don't have to clean it any more. A. is being cleaned B. has been cleaned C. was being cleaned D. had been cleaned 3. This work is very urgent. It today. A. is finished B. can be finished C. must be finished D. will be finished 专题十一动词的被动语态 沙场练兵 4. By the time you came back, all the letters . A. have been typed out B. was typed out C. had been typed out D. were typed out 5. He is a hero. But he never likes his story . A. know B. be known C. being known D. to be known 6. Paper money in the future. A. used B. won't be used C. wasn't used D. isn't used 专题十一动词的被动语态 沙场练兵 7.Great! I heard that the bridge in two months. A. will be finished B. was finished C. has finished D.was finishing 8. These books out of the reading room. A. aren't taken B. weren't taken C. won't be taken D. can't be taken 专题十一动词的被动语态 沙场练兵 9. Must the homework by tomorrow? A. be handed in B. have handed in C. hand in D. will hand in 10.All the products . You can use them without worry. A. are tested B. were tested C. had been tested D. have been tested 专题十一动词的被动语态 谢谢观看 文化基础测试复习指南·英语 广西公办高职高专院校单独(对口)招生考试——文化基础测试复习指南·英语 $$