2025年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题三代词

专题三 代词 Sam's history teacher was asking him some questions. However, not a single one of 1._(he) answers was correct. So the teacher began to ask him 2. _(any) very simple questions,hoping that he could give at least one correct answer. “Sam, 3._ is Waterloo(滑铁卢)?” “Waterloo?”said the boy. “Oh, it is a kind of washing machine, I think.” The teacher shook her head. “Sam, be serious, please. Now tell 4._(I) the answer to a very, very easy question. Who was George Washington?” his some what me “Well,” the answer came quickly, “he must be the man who uses 5._ (those) washing machine.” The teacher was a little angry, but 6._(her) did not give up. She thought and thought, and then she came up with the easiest question. “ 7._ is the president of the United States right now?” “Sorry, I don't know,” Sam answered. The teacher lost 8._(she) temper(脾气). She shouted, “Joe Biden.” Sam looked around and sat down. “Stand up!” cried the teacher. “I didn't tell 9._(your) to sit down.” Sam 10._(stand) up. He looked puzzled(茫然的). “Oh, I'm sorry,” he said. “I thought you were calling on the next student.” that she Who her you stood 考点1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 1.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 2.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法 enjoy oneself玩得开心;过得愉快 teach oneself=learn…by oneself自学 help oneself to sth. 随便吃/喝某物 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 hurt oneself 伤着某人自己 look after oneself 照顾某人自己 dress oneself自己穿衣服 by oneself=alone独自 lose oneself in陶醉于……;沉浸于…… 1.(2024 云南改编)—Maria, you should believe in _(you). That's the secret of success. —OK, I will. 2.(2023 河北改编)In _(he) first class, he asked us to draw a picture of ourselves. 3.(2022 岳阳改编)Even if we are in Grade 9, it's necessary for _(we) to go to bed early and get up early. 4.Some of these games are similar to the games people still play today. One of _(they) is weiqi. 5.This isn't my dictionary. _(I) is over there, on the desk. yourself his us them Mine 考点2 指示代词 1.指示代词this, these, that 和those的用法 单数 复数 用法1 用法2 用法3 this these 指近处。 This is my pencil.这是我的铅笔。 指代下文将要提到的事。 Remember this: Time is money.记住:时间就是金钱。 打电话时,this指自己。 This is Mary speaking.我是玛丽。 that those 指远处。 That's her bag. 那是她的包。 指代前面刚刚提过的事。 Alice was ill. That made me sad.爱丽丝病了。这让我很难过。 打电话时,that指对方。 Who is that? 你是谁? 2.辨析it,one与that 词汇 用法 例句 it 特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物 The book is mine.It's very interesting. 这本书是我的。它很有趣。 one 泛指上下文提及的同类人或事物中的一个,同类而不同物 —Who has a novel named The Old Man and the Sea? 谁有一本叫《老人与海》的小说? —I have one.我有一本。 that 常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Heze. 北京的天气比菏泽的(天气)更冷。 6.(2023 邵阳改编)—I can't find my shoes. Where are they, Mom? —Oh, _ is under the bed, the other is behind the door.(盲填) 7.The gravity(引力) on Mars is only about three eighths of _ on the Earth.(盲填) 8._(this) books on Chinese history are interesting. I'd like to buy one. 9.I think it is really hard for us to climb such a high mountain.(英译汉) _ 10.None of other planets has an environment like that of the Earth.(英译汉) _ one that These 我认为爬这么高的山对我们来说真的很难。 其他任何星球都没有像地球那样的环境。 考点3 不定代词 常见的普通不定代词用法辨析 1.some与any 词汇 用法 例句 some 通常用于肯定句,可用于疑问句的情况:①期待得到肯定的回答时;②表示请求、建议或反问时 Tom has some storybooks. 汤姆有一些故事书。 Would you like some milk? 你想喝点儿牛奶吗? any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中 Are there any apples on the tree? 树上有苹果吗? There aren't any buses. 没有任何公交车。 2.both(详见本书P31),all,either与neither 词汇 用法 例句 both 表示“两者都” Tom's parents are both doctors. 汤姆的父母都是医生。 all 表示“三者或三者以上都” All of the books are very interesting. 所有的书都非常有趣。 either 表示“两者中的任意一个”,作主语时谓语动词用单数 Either of the books is interesting. 这两本书中的任意一本都很有趣。 neither 表示“两者都不”,作主语时谓语动词用单数 Neither of his friends has come yet. 他的两个朋友都还没有来。 3.no one与none 词汇 用法 例句 no one 指人,不能接of短语 No one would like to go with her. 没有人愿意和她一起去。 none 表示否定,可以指人或物,常接of短语 None of them has been to Beijing. 他们都没有去过北京。 4.every与each 词汇 用法 例句 every 表示“每一”,强调整体概念,只能作定语。不能与of短语连用 Every time I go to see him,he is very busy. 我每次去看他,他都很忙。 each 表示“每一个”,强调个体,可作主语、宾语和定语等,可以指人或物。可以与of 短语连用 Each of you can try twice. 你们每个人可以尝试两次。 5.many与much 词汇 用法 例句 many 修饰可数名词复数 There are many books on the desk. 桌子上有很多书。 much 修饰不可数名词 I have much homework to do today. 我今天有很多家庭作业要做。 6.few,a few,little与a little(详见本书P22) 词汇 用法 例句 few 表否定,是“几乎没有,很少”的意思,修饰可数名词复数 Maybe we're going to need few drivers in the future.也许我们以后会需要很少的司机。 He has few friends here.他在这里几乎没什么朋友。 a few 表肯定,是“有一些”的意思,修饰可数名词复数 After a few weeks,this adult butterfly laid her eggs.几周后,这只成年蝴蝶产卵了。 There are a few apples in the basket.篮子里有几个苹果。 词汇 用法 例句 little 表否定,是“几乎没有,很少”的意思,修饰不可数名词 Mr.Wang and his friends often work very hard for little money.王先生和他的朋友们经常为了很少的钱而努力工作。 There is little water in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有水了。 a little 表肯定,是“有一点儿”的意思,修饰不可数名词 Tom has been in Shanghai for five years,so he can speak a little Chinese. 汤姆在上海已经5年了,所以他会说一点汉语。 Don't worry.There is a little time left. 别着急,还有一点儿时间。 7.other,the other,another,others与the others(详见本书P22) 词汇 用法 例句 other 泛指其他的,修饰名词复数 Do you have other ideas? 你还有其他主意吗? the other 指“两者中的另一个” I have two books.One is Chinese,the other is English.我有两本书。一本是语文,一本是英语。 another 指“三者或三者以上中的另一个” Would you like another cup of tea? 你要再来一杯茶吗? 词汇 用法 例句 others 泛指除去一部分后的其他的人或物,但不是剩下的全部 Some went to the park,others visited the museum.有的人去了公园,有的人去参观了博物馆。 the others 特指某一范围内除去一部分后其余的所有人或物 Five students are English,the others are Chinese.5个学生是英国人,其他的是中国人。 复合不定代词 -one(指人) -body(指人) -thing(指物) some-(肯定) someone某人 somebody某人 Something 某事,某物 any-(肯定/否定) anyone任何人 anybody任何人 anything任何事 every-(肯定) everyone每个人 everybody每个人 Everything 每件事,一切 no-(否定) no one没有人 nobody没有人 Nothing 什么都没有 1.复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 The environment will become better if someone volunteers to help. 如果有人自愿提供帮助,环境会变得更好。 2.复合不定代词被else,形容词或动词不定式修饰时,修饰词要置于复合不定代词之后。 I have nothing important to say.我没有什么重要的事情要说。 Let's get something to eat.让我们去取一些吃的东西。 Is there anything else in your schoolbag? 你的书包里面还有其他的东西吗? 3.some-不定代词常用于肯定句,any-不定代词常用于否定句或疑问句。但在表示邀请、建议等的疑问句中,或问话者希望得到对方肯定的回答时,常用some-不定代词。 —Did you go to the movies with anyone,Tony? 托尼,你和别人一起去看电影了吗? —No,no one went with me.不,没有人跟我一起去。 —Would you like something to eat?你想要吃些东西吗? —No, thanks. I've just had many snacks.不了,谢谢。我刚吃了很多小吃。 4.anyone,anything也可以用在肯定句中,分别表示“任何人”“任何事”。 I can do anything for you.我能为你做任何事。 They offer help and advice to anyone interested in becoming a teacher. 他们为任何有兴趣成为老师的人提供帮助和建议。 11.(2023 东营)—Has _(somebody) ever been to Mars? —No, not yet. Maybe in the future. 12.—Which would you like to drink,coffee or orange juice? —_. I'd like some milk.(盲填) 13.Many women keep their age secret from _(other).They don't want others to know about it. 14.The question is so hard that only a few _(student) can answer it. anybody Neither others students 15.Now, people in different countries can talk with each other in many ways. (英译汉) _ 16.Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.(英译汉) _ 17.Although it was raining hard, none of the students was late for school.(英译汉) _ 现在,不同国家的人可以通过多种方式互相交流。 只要你全心全意地投入其中,没有什么是不可能的。 虽然雨下得很大,但是没有一个学生上学迟到。 考点4 疑问代词 疑问代词 含义及用法 例句 who “谁”,提问人称代词主格 Who is that boy over there? 那边的那个男孩是谁? whom “谁”,提问人称代词宾格 I heard from a friend whom I haven't seen for years yesterday morning.昨天早上,我收到了一位多年未见的朋友的来信。 whose “谁的”,提问物主代词 Whose book is it? Is it yours? 这是谁的书?是你的吗? 疑问代词 含义及用法 例句 what “什么”,对具体内容提问 What are you going to do this weekend? 这个周末你打算做什么? which “哪一个”,提问指定范围内的“哪一个” Which book on the desk did you choose? 你选了桌子上的哪本书? 18.(2024 云南改编)—_ dictionary is this? —It must be Sarah's. Look! Her name is on it.(盲填) 19.—_ will happen if you get home late? —I think my parents will get angry.(盲填) Whose What 一、完形填空 Once upon a time, there was a poor boy named Jack. 1 worked hard to earn money for his family, but life was still hard. One day, he decided to ask Mr.Smith, a rich man in the town, for help. Jack knocked on Mr.Smith's door and told him his problem. Mr.Smith 2 to help him, but he had a condition. He gave Jack a bird and said, “Take this bird to the market and sell it. Whatever money you get, that will be 3 help.” Jack took the bird to the market and started to sell it. Soon, a woman came and offered him a good price for the bird. Just when 4 was about to give the money, a boy suddenly appeared and shouted, “Don't buy 5 bird! It can't sing!” The woman changed 6 mind and walked away. Jack felt very sad. Then he set free the bird and started to walk home. Suddenly, he heard a beautiful song. 7 was the bird singing! He realized that the boy had just wanted to free the bird. Jack took the bird back to the market and sold it to the woman for a good price. With the money, he could finally provide food for 8 family. Later, Jack learned that Mr.Smith had trained the bird to sing. He realized that the rich man had taught him a 9 lesson: Kindness always brings happiness. From then on, Jack was kind to 10 he met and his life improved a lot. The story tells us that kindness can change a person's life. A kind word or act can brighten someone's day and make the world a better place. ( )1.A.He B.She C.It ( )2.A.gave B.went C.agreed ( )3.A.yours B.your C.you ( )4.A.he B.she C.they ( )5.A.that B.one C.it 答案 A C B B A ( )6.A.his B.my C.her ( )7.A.He B.It C.She ( )8.A.his B.her C.their ( )9.A.useless B.valuable C.wrong ( )10.A.everyone B.nobody C.none 答案 C B A B A 二、短文填空 Flying to the moon has been a Chinese dream for thousands of years. Professor Ye Shuhua, one of the key scientists, 1._(have) worked at Shanghai Astronomic Observatory for nearly half a century. To her, China's lunar (月球的) project is exciting news for the country's space industry. “For 2._(we) astronomers, the moon is an ideal place to go,” Ye said. Dreams of flying to the moon has deep roots in Chinese culture. According to an ancient story, Chang'e was a fairy who took special medicine that gave 3._ (she) the ability to fly to the moon. The dream has already come true for the US astronauts. And 4._ also has come true for Chinese astronauts. has our her it The project has developed public understanding of the space program and people's knowledge of the moon—5._(especial) among the young people. A visitor said, “The moon is a satellite of the earth.There are millions of pits(凹陷) on 6._(it) surface.” Another visitor said, “The moon is beautiful, and it's the nearest body to the earth.That's 7._ people want to land on it.” Naturally, the children enjoy learning about science. But for scientists like Ye Shuhua, the lunar project is only the 8._(begin). “Landing on the moon will be a project for today's young people, not for 9._(I). But I hope that the day our astronauts land on the moon, I can watch 10._(you) news reports,” Ye once said. especially its why beginning me your $$