2025年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题七 动词

专题七　动词 知识必备　动词的位置及句法功能 分类 功能 位置 例句 实义 动词 充当谓语 在主语后 I accept your invitation.我接受你的邀请。 Mary arrived at school late today.玛丽今天上学迟到了。 系动词 本身有词义，构成系表结构 在主语与 表语之间 She is beautiful.她很漂亮。 The food tastes delicious.这食物尝起来很美味。 分类 功能 位置 例句 助 动 词 本身无词义，与动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定句和疑问句 在动词前 We are cleaning the house.我们正在打扫房子。 They didn't finish their homework.他们没有完成家庭作业。 Do you have a basketball？你有篮球吗？ 情态 动词 本身有词义，与动词原形连用构成谓语，一般没有人称和数的变化 在动词前 I can play ping-pong.我会打乒乓球。 You should take a rest.你应该休息一下。 任务导入·抓核心　 (2023·湘潭改编)Qi Baishi is a world-famous art master in China. He 1.__________(bear) in a poor family from Xiangtan, Hunan Province. He was at school for less than a year because of illnesses. One day, he 2._______ (find) a Chinese painting guide book—Jieziyuan Huapu. The book inspired his interests in painting pictures. He decided 3.__________(learn) by himself and later became a master of art through his hard work. In 1902, he started to travel around China. He visited famous places, 4._____(meet) many people and saw different kinds of art pieces. These experiences helped him 5._____________ (become) one of the best artists of all time. was born found to learn met (to) become His paintings 6._____(be) generally about the small things of the world, such as fish, shrimps(虾) and frogs. “Mouse and Cat with Lamp” is one of them. In the picture, a mouse 7._______________(stand) on the top of a long pole(杆子) where a lamp is hung. Under the pole, a cat is looking up. They are so lively that it looks 8.______ they would jump out of the paper to fight. All the works 9.______________(create) by Qi Baishi in a fresh way, which expressed his love for nature and life. His talents and skills 10.______________ (amaze) the whole world a lot. He is really a master of art and the pride of Xiangtan. are is standing like were created amazed 考点1 动词的基本形式 考向一　动词与动词短语　 大部分动词有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。 1．动词各种形式的规则变化 类别 变化规则 示例 第三人称单数 一般情况加-s help—helps　improve—improves　play—plays 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾加-es guess—guesses　fix—fixes　teach—teaches wash—washes　finish—finishes　go—goes 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加-es fly—flies　study—studies　try—tries 类别 变化规则 示例 现在 分词 一般情况加-ing read—reading　feel—feeling　look—looking 以不发音的e结尾，去e，再加-ing live—living　write—writing　use—using 以ie结尾的单音节词，变ie为y，再加-ing die—dying　lie—lying　tie (捆；绑)—tying 只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing stop—stopping　 run—running swim—swimming 类别 变化规则 示例 过去式/过去分词 一般情况加-ed walk—walked/walked　plant—planted/planted 以不发音的e结尾，加-d promise—promised/promised 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加-ed try—tried/tried　 carry—carried/carried 只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop—stopped/stopped plan—planned/planned chat—chatted/chatted 2.动词的不规则变化　详见《课标词汇册》附录二P37～38 1．(2024·扬州)Elena _________(drop) the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out the window. 2．(2024·白银)Have you ever _______(try) Chinese food outside of China? 3．(2024·眉山改编)—Could you please come to my birthday party this Saturday afternoon? —I'd love to. Thank you for __________(invite) me. 4．(2023·邵阳改编)—Is Lucy in the classroom? —Yeah. She is still there watching Mr. Li _________(draw)． dropped tried inviting drawing 5．(2022·岳阳改编)Many students practice _________(run) in the morning because of the P．E. exam. 6．(2022·永州)Half a month ago, we _______(spend) the Dragon Boat Festival with our family together. 7．(2022·永州)Now Chinese people are living a happy life. Don't be surprised if a Chinese person you have just met on a train _________(invite) you for a meal. 8．She _______(watch) how the teachers teach and shares teaching experience with them. running spent invites watches 考点2 实义动词与助动词 ►实义动词 分类 结构/用法 例词 根据句法功能 及物动词 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 finish, give, invent, accept, teach等 不及物 动词 主语＋不及物动词(＋介词＋宾语) come, go, happen, arrive, stand等 注意：部分动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，故以上结构都可以用 close, begin, study, leave, work等 分类 结构/用法 例词 根据动作的发生方式与过程长短 延续性 动词 表示动作可持续，可以和表示一段时间的状语(for＋时间段，since＋时间点，since从句)连用 work, live, keep, study, sleep, rain, lie, know, read等 非延续性 动词 表示动作不可持续，一般不和表示一段时间的状语连用 come, go, begin, close, die, borrow, stop, receive等 注意：部分动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，故以上结构都可以用 close, begin, study, leave, work等 ►助动词 助动词不能单独作谓语，只能与动词一起构成谓语部分，常见功能如下： 助动词 功能 例句 be     构成现在进行时：am/is/are＋现在分词 I'm reading a book.我在看书。 构成过去进行时：was/were＋现在分词 I was taking a shower at 8：00 last night.昨晚8点我正在洗澡。 构成一般将来时：am/is/are＋going to＋动词原形 I am going to taste some local food in Changsha.我要去尝尝长沙的一些当地美食。 They're going to see a film.他们打算看电影。 助动词 功能 例句 be 构成被动语态： be(am/is/are/was/were)＋过去分词 The villagers were moved by Tommy's love for animals. 村民们被汤米对动物的热爱所感动。 I was invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会。 do 构成疑问句、否定句(原形do和第三人称单数形式does用于一般现在时，过去式did用于一般过去时) Tony doesn't like sports and he does exercise only once a week.托尼不喜欢运动，他每周只锻炼一次。 I didn't like reading in the past.我以前不喜欢读书。 Did you have a nice trip？你旅途愉快吗？ 助动词 功能 例句 do 构成否定祈使句：Don't＋动词原形． Don't eat in the classroom.不要在教室里吃东西。 have 构成现在完成时：have/has＋过去分词 I have read the book twice.这本书我看了两次了。 will/shall 构成一般将来时：will/shall＋动词原形 They will finish their homework on time.他们将按时完成家庭作业。 9．(2024·扬州改编)New technologies ______ greatly _________(change) our lives in the past years. 10．(2024·扬州改编)They _______(not) go to their niece's fifth birthday party last July. 11．(2024·苏州改编)The 2024 Paris Olympics _________(bring) over 10,000 athletes together this summer. 12．(2024·广安改编)My sister Tina often __________(collect) litter with some volunteers in the park. 13．(2023·无锡)What ______ you ______(do) to my computer? It's dead! have changed didn't brought collects have done 14．(2023·常州改编)—_______ we be volunteers in Changzhou Museum during the summer holiday? —It couldn't be better. I'm looking forward to that.(盲填) 15．Hurry up! Dad ____________(wait) for us in the car at the moment. 16．—How _____(do) Lily go to school this morning? —She rode her bike to school. 17．Scientists recommend that both middle and high schools _______(begin) no earlier than 8：30 a．m. 18．Lucy and her parents____________(live) here for more than ten years. They are friendly. Shall is waiting did begin have lived 考点3 系动词 类别 例词 例句 表示 状态 be动词(am/is/are/was/were) It was so hot on the slow train.在慢车上太热了。(表示主语的状态) 表示 持续 stay/keep/remain保持 lie处于；保持 stand处于(某种状态或情形) She keeps fit by walking after supper every day.她通过每天晚饭后散步来保持健康。(表示状态的持续) 表示 感官 feel摸起来，感觉　taste尝起来 smell闻起来　sound听起来 look看起来 The pear tree was full of flowers.They smelled so sweet and looked so beautiful.梨树上开满了鲜花。它们闻起来很甜，看起来很漂亮。 类别 例词 例句 表示变化 become变得　fall变成　get变得 go变为(尤指朝坏的方面) grow逐渐变得　turn变成 The weather is getting hot.天气在渐渐变热。 Lucy fell ill soon after and did not recover. 不久后露西就病倒了，而且未能痊愈。 (1)系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。 ·The story sounds interesting.(跟形容词)这个故事听起来很有趣。 ·She became a doctor.(跟名词)她成了一名医生。 ·He is at home.(跟介词短语)他在家里。 (2)含系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do，does，did等。 ·Does the food taste delicious？这种食物尝起来美味吗？ ·Did he look happy just now？他刚才看起来开心吗？ 19．(2024·广安改编)The green leaves start _________(turn) gold, then brown in autumn. 20．(2024·白银)Education _______(keep) your choice open. 21．(2023·自贡改编)—Would you like to eat some fried chicken? —No, thanks. I think it ________(taste) delicious but is unhealthy. 22．The trip sounds __________(excite) to me. How I wish to go! 23．Mike ________(become) interested in Chinese when he was ten. 24．She is 65 years old now. Her hair is _________(grow) white. 25．The girl is shy. She keeps ________(silence) all the time. to turn keeps tastes exciting became growing silent 考点4 情态动词 情态动词在句中和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，其后跟动词原形。 1．常见情态动词及基本用法 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表能力，意为“能，会”，can用于一般现在时，could用于一般过去时。(注意：be able to也表能力，但可用于各种时态，且有人称和数的变化) I can/am able to swim.我会游泳。 I could/was able to ride the bike when I was 6.我六岁的时候就会骑自行车。 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表许可，意为“能够，可以”，在疑问句中，could比can的语气更委婉 Can I leave now？我现在可以离开了吗？ Could you tell me something about your school？你能告诉我一些关于你学校的情况吗？ may/might 表请求、许可，意为“可以/允许”，比can正式，语气更委婉 May I borrow your book？我可以借你的书吗？ Might I ask you a question？我可以问你一个问题吗？ 情态动词 用法 例句 may 表祝愿 May your dreams come true！愿你们梦想成真！ will/would 表征求意见或提出请求 Will/Would you pass me the salt？你能把盐递给我吗？ 表意愿，意为“愿意” I will try my best to do it well.我会尽力把这件事做好。 情态动词 用法 例句 must 表主观看法，有义务或必要，意为“必须” You must be here on time.你必须准时到达这里。 You must follow the traffic rules when riding a bike.骑自行车时你必须遵守交通规则。 have to 表客观需求，意为“不得 不”，有人称、时态和数的变化 In winter, they had to move from place to place to search for food.在冬天，它们不得不从一个地方移动到另一个地方寻找食物。 We have to wear school uniforms.我们必须穿校服。 表意愿，意为“愿意” I will try my best to do it well.我会尽力把这件事做好。 情态动词 用法 例句 need 意为“需要”，作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句 It's only five minutes' walk from here，so you needn't take a bus.从这里步行只需5分钟，所以你不需要乘坐公共汽车。 should 表要求、劝告或建议，意为“应该” We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。 had better 表劝告、建议，意为“最好” You'd better not smoke here.你最好不要在这里吸烟。 (1)由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to，否定回答常用needn't或don't have to。 ·—Must I finish my homework today？我今天必须完成家庭作业吗？ —Yes, you must./No, you needn't (don't have to)．是的，你必须完成。/不，你不需要。 (2)用情态动词need提问时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't。 ·—Need I finish my homework now？我需要现在完成家庭作业吗？ —Yes, you must./No, you needn't.是的，你必须。/不，你不必。 (3)用情态动词may提问时，肯定回答用“Yes，…can./Yes，please./ Certainly./Sure.”；否定回答用“No，…can't./I'm sorry…can't./I'm afraid…can't./No，…mustn't.” ·—May I come in？我能进来吗？ —Yes, please./ No，you can't.可以，请进。/不，你不可以。 (4)回答由could引出的一般疑问句时用can，不用could。 ·—Could I use your mobile phone？我可以用你的手机吗？ —Yes, you can./No, you can't.可以。/不，你不可以。 2.情态动词表推测的用法 情态动词 用法 例句 may/might ①表示把握不大的肯定推测，意为“可能” ②may/might not意为 “可能不” His answer may be right.他的答案可能是正确的。 Mary may not come tonight. 玛丽今晚可能不会来。 can/could can't意为“不可能” He can't be having a meeting. I saw him just now.他不可能在开会。我刚才看到他了。 情态动词 用法 例句 must 用于肯定句，表示非常有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定；肯定” It must be raining outside. My father's clothes are so wet.外面一定在下雨。我父亲的衣服太湿了。 表推测的可能性大小依次为：must > can > could > may > might > can't 填写合适的情态动词补全句子或对话 26．(2024·河北改编)—Look! Is that girl Alice? —No, it _______ be her. She is on a tour in Beijing now. 27．(2024·连云港改编)Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems _____ be cured. 28．(2024·云南改编)—Whose dictionary is this? —It ______ be Sarah's. Look! Her name is on it. 29．(2024·南京改编)It's so noisy that I _______ hear a word of what you are saying. can't can must can't 30．(2023·北京改编)—Must I stay here and wait for you? —No, you _______________________. You can go home now. 31．(2023·龙东地区)Peter, the floor is dirty. Could you please _____________ (sweep) it? 32．The little ant is very happy because he is able to help the dove.(英译汉) _____________________________________ needn't/don't have to sweep 小蚂蚁十分高兴，因为他能帮助鸽子。 考点5 动词短语 动词短语是指动词跟介词或副词等构成的固定短语。常见分类有： 类型 宾语的位置 示例 动词＋介词 宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面 arrive at/in到达　care about关心　get off从……下来　look like看起来像　believe in相信　ask for请来 laugh at嘲笑 类型 宾语的位置 示例 动词＋副词 宾语为代词(宾格)时，只能位于动词和副词之间；宾语为名词时，位于副词前后均可 clean up清扫；整理　cut off切掉；中断　turn off关闭 find out查明；发现　give away赠送　run away跑开 pick up捡起；接电话　put on穿上；上演 write down写下　try out试验 动词＋副词＋ 介词 宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面 catch up with赶上　get away from摆脱 look forward to期待；盼望　run out of用完 go on with继续　do well in…在……方面做得好 类型 宾语的位置 示例 动词＋名词 / take place发生　have fun玩得开心 take action采取行动　take care当心；注意 lose weight减肥　make mistakes/a mistake 犯错误 动词＋名词＋ 介词 名词之前可加形容词来修饰，宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面 make friends with与……交朋友　pay attention to注意 make fun of 取笑　take part in参加　make use of利用 take the place of代替　take pride in以……为傲 更多动词短语见《课标词汇册》P24～31 33．(2023·扬州改编)Paper cut-outs of “double happiness” are often put ____ in the married couple's home to bring good wishes. 34．(2022·益阳改编)—What are you going to do this afternoon? —My parents are very busy, so I have to look _______ my little brother. 35．I hope you will know me from my photo when I arrive ____ the airport. 36．On the first day of Chinese New Year, we put ____ new clothes and visit people. 37．The Monkey King is not a normal monkey. He can turn himself ______ different animals and objects. up after at on into 38．(2024·天津改编)Students can take part in different activities to learn something new.(英译汉) _______________________________________ 39．It's necessary for us to learn to value time and make good use of every minute.(英译汉) _________________________________________________ 学生们可以参加不同的活动来学习新东西。 我们有必要学会珍惜时间，好好利用每一分钟。 考点1 一般现在时 考向二　动词的时态 1．(2024·扬州改编)My father always ________(avoid) clothes shopping, for he doesn't care about his clothing. 2．(2024·苏州改编)Tiger Hill ________(cover) an area of about 14,100 square meters and is 36 meters high. 3．If the mosquito(蚊子)_______(fly) too low when it is hit by the raindrop, it won't have time to fly off. 4．(2023·眉山)When the summer ________(pass), they'll weigh themselves again to see how many pounds they have lost during the hot season. avoids covers flies passes 5．(2023·无锡)If this ______(go) on, the wild animals will soon have nowhere to live. 6．(2023·鞍山改编)Kate _________(study) hard in order not to let her parents down. 7．(韶华原创)When one ________(wish) to succeed, he will take action to achieve his goal. goes studies wishes 考点2 一般过去时 8．(2024·眉山改编)To our great joy, the astronauts of the Shenzhou-17 crew (乘组) ________(land) safely back to earth as planned in April, 2024. 9．(2024·达州)He ___________(prefer) country music to pop music when he was young. 10．(2023·益阳改编)—I've already visited the space museum. What about you? —Me, too. I ______(go) there last year. 11．(2023·永州改编)Last week my sister failed her cooking exam because she ______________(burn) something. landed preferred went burned/burnt has helped 12．(2023·滨州)Since then, my dad ____________(help) and supported me in everything I do. 13．(2023·南通改编)The children _________(begin) to talk about the project after the teacher divided them into groups. began 考点3 一般将来时 14．(2024·河北改编)I'm expecting a friend. I'm afraid I ____________(order) later. 15．(2024·天津改编)—Jane and I _____________________________(have) a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us? —Sure. See you then. 16．(2023·白银改编)If you heat ice, it ___________(turn) into water. 17．(2023·武汉改编)—The car will not start. What can I do? —Don't worry. Tom and I ___________(give) it a push. will order are going to have/will have will turn will give will do/am going to do 18．(2023·南通改编)—I ________________________(do) a survey on how to go green later this afternoon. I need your help. —With pleasure. 考点4 现在进行时 19．(2024·连云港改编)—Sorry, I can't hear you. The wind ______________ (blow) hard. Can you speak louder? —That's OK. I'll ring you later. 20．(2024·扬州改编)Look! My sister ____________(set) the table. Let's give her a hand. 21．(2024·福建改编)—Xiao Hai won first prize in our school art festival. —Wonderful! I am _________(look) forward to his next performance. is blowing is setting looking 22．(2024·江西改编)—Where is Helen? —I'm not sure. Maybe she ___________(have) her baseball lesson. 23．(2023·常德)—Look! What are the boys doing? —They _____________(play) basketball. 24．(韶华原创)—How can we tell if someone __________(lie)? —Just pay attention to his micro expressions when he is saying. is having are playing is lying 考点5 过去进行时 25．(2024·云南改编)—Helen, I didn't see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ________________(practice) singing for the graduation ceremony at that time. 26．(2024·福建改编)When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ________________ (help) an old man cross the road. 27．(2024·泸州改编)—Hi, Ethan. I called you at 8：00 last night, but you didn't answer. —Sorry, I _____________(wash) the dishes. was practicing was helping was washing 28．(2023·南通改编)—How heavy the rain is! When did it start? —It started at about seven this morning. I _____________(wait) for the school bus then. 29．(2023·天津改编)While we ______________(sing) an English song, some visitors came to our class. was waiting were singing 考点6 现在完成时 现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for，since等引导的时间状语从句连用。如与一段时间连用，要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。常见的变化有： 非延续性动词—延续性动词 非延续性动词—延续性动词 非延续性动词—延续性动词 buy—have borrow—keep open—be open close—be closed begin/start—be on come—be here go—be there finish—be over die—be dead catch a cold—have a cold put on—wear get up—be up wake up—awake fall asleep—be asleep lose—not have join—be in leave—be away arrive/reach—be 30．(2024·江西改编)—Oh hi, I'm looking for a pair of shoes. —Well, you ___________(come) to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop. 31．(2024·广安改编)______ scientists ____________(discover) any life out there in space yet? 32．(2024·广安改编)Adam _____ just _________(refuse) to play football with them because he's busy with his final exam. 33．(2024·河北改编)Alex _____________(study) tea culture since he came to China in 2010. have come Have discovered has refused has studied 34．(2024·达州改编)—May I speak to Wang Hong? —Sorry, she is not at home. She __________(go) to Beijing. 35．(2023·河北改编)This book must be great. My sister __________(read) it five times so far. 36．(2023·绥化)Time flies so quickly and I __________(be) in the new school for two months. 37．Since I was born, my family____________(live) in the same flat. has gone has read have been have lived 1．动词的被动语态的基本用法 考向三　动词的被动语态　 有些感官动词(see，hear，watch，notice)和使役动词(let，make，have)在主动语态中作谓语时，其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to，但变成被动语态时，必须将to还原。 ·The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.老板要求工人每天工作12小时。 ＝The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.工人被老板要求每天工作12小时。 2．主动形式表示被动意义的情况 用法 例句 look，smell，feel，taste等系动词常接形容词表示被动意义 The picture looks different.这张照片看起来不一样。 need/require/want doing需要(被)…… The bike needs repairing.这辆自行车需要修理。 be worth doing值得(被)…… I think your advice is worth taking.我认为你的建议值得采纳。 “某物＋write/open/sell/wash/weigh/ read等＋其他”结构可表被动意义来说明某物的品质、属性 The pen writes very smoothly.这支钢笔书写很流畅。 用法 例句 部分不及物动词(短语)，如happen, take place, come out, come true, run out等用主动形式表示被动意义 The accident happened last night.事故发生在昨晚。 1．(2024·扬州改编)As we all know, the Yangtze River __________(know) as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation. 2．(2024·成都改编)Chinese archaeologist(考古学家) Fan Jinshi ___________ (honor) for her sixty years' work to protect the Dunhuang Mogao Caves last year. 3．(2024·成都改编)What exciting news! The 2025 World Games __________ (hold) in Chengdu. 4．(2024·白银)No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all problems can ___________(solve) in the end. is known was honored will be held be solved 5．(2024·河北改编)Emma got excited when her writing __________(read) as a model in class. 6．(2024·连云港改编)Robot dogs ___________(use) as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. 7．(2024·云南改编)Chinese ___________(speak) by more and more people in the world these days. 8．(2024·达州改编)—Bob, your room is so dirty. It must ________________ (clean) every day. —OK, Mom. I'll do it right now. 9．(2024·福建改编)The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they _________ (take)． was read were used is spoken be cleaned were taken 10．(2023·益阳改编)With the development of technology, computers __________(use) in class now. 11．(2023·常德)—Do you know the book Between a Rock and a Hard Place? —Yes, it _____________(write) by Aron Ralston. 12．(2023·安徽改编)Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they _________________(introduce) into schools. 13．It _____________(report) that there were over 100,000 people on Mount Tai on May 1st, 2024. are used was written were introduced is reported 考点1 语法一致原则 考向四　主谓一致　 语法一致原则是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上要保持一致，即主语是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。 主语 谓语的数 例句 不可数名词、单数可数名词、第三人称单数 单数 The young man is from Changsha. 那位年轻人来自长沙。 动词不定式、动名词(短语)或从句 Learning only a few words is not enough.仅仅学习一些单词是不够的。 主语 谓语的数 例句 ①either/neither/each/ every/no＋单数名词 ②由some-/any-/no-/every-构成的复合不定代词 单数  Each panda needs to eat a lot of bamboo every day.每只熊猫每天要吃许多竹子。 Everyone in the country is proud of him.这个国家的每个人都为他感到骄傲。 the number of＋可数名词复数 The number of tigers in the wild is quickly decreasing.野生老虎的数量正在快速减少。 主语 谓语的数 例句 one of＋可数名词复数 单数  One of my favorite books is The Old Man and the Sea.我最喜欢的书籍之一是《老人与海》。 a pair of＋可数名词复数 A pair of new shoes is given to him.他得到了一双新鞋。 主语 谓语的数 例句 ①either/neither/each/ every/no＋单数名词 ②由some-/any-/no-/every-构成的复合不定代词 单数  Each panda needs to eat a lot of bamboo every day.每只熊猫每天要吃许多竹子。 Everyone in the country is proud of him.这个国家的每个人都为他感到骄傲。 the number of＋可数名词复数 The number of tigers in the wild is quickly decreasing.野生老虎的数量正在快速减少。 主语 谓语的数 例句 one of＋可数名词复数 单数  One of my favorite books is The Old Man and the Sea.我最喜欢的书籍之一是《老人与海》。 a pair of＋可数名词复数 A pair of new shoes is given to him.他得到了一双新鞋。 数词＋pairs/kinds of＋可数名词复数 复数 Sixty pairs of socks are sold every day on average in the shop.这家商店平均每天卖60双袜子。 主语 谓语的数 例句 复数名词、人称代词复数及第二人称you 复数  The children were in the classroom two hours ago.孩子们两小时前在教室里。 ①both…and…连接的名词、代词 ②and连接两个名词指不同的人或物 Both Tom and Sam play the drums well.汤姆和萨姆鼓打得都很好。 Lucy and Lily are students. 露西和莉莉是学生。 主语后带有with，together with，along with，as well as，like，except，but等 取决于前面主语的数 The teacher with his students is going to visit the science museum.这位老师和他的学生们要去参观科学博物馆。 主语 谓语的数 例句 ①由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of/some of＋名词”构成的短语 ②“分数/百分数＋名词”构成的短语 取决于短语中名词的数 There are a lot of things you can do.有很多事情你可以做。 More than 70 percent of the earth is covered by water.地球70%以上被水覆盖。 在定语从句中，关系代词为that，who，which且作主语时 与先行词的数一致 A volunteer is someone who gives his time for free.志愿者是无偿奉献时间的人。 1．(2024·扬州改编)Some of the students _____(be) better at helping others than they are at looking after themselves. 2．(2024·连云港改编)Orange ____________(represent) joy. It can cheer you up when you are feeling sad. 3．(2023·武汉改编)Hometowns are the places that ______(hold) all the best memories in childhood. 4．(2023·宿迁改编)June _______(mark) the beginning of the rainy season in some parts of China. are represents hold marks 5．(2023·龙东地区)Everyone except Mike ____(be) going to play basketball because he doesn't like it. 6．(2022·郴州改编)—The song Together for a Shared Future is very popular now. —That's for sure! Both the young and the old ______(like) it. 7．Along with China's silk and tea, porcelain(瓷器) _____(be) one of the first goods traveling around the world at that time. 8．There _____(be) a lot of basketball games to take part in if you want, or you can just enjoy the fun! 9．—Using serving chopsticks ____(be) necessary when eating with others. —That's right. is like was are is 考点2 意义一致原则 意义一致原则，就是概念一致，即谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。 主语成分 谓语的数 例句 既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，如：family，class，team，group，public等 取决于主语的意义 My family are all tall.我的家人都很高。 My family is very big.我的家庭很大。 通常作复数的集体名词(people，police，cattle等) 复数 In England，people eat fish and chips.在英国，人们吃鱼和炸薯条。 主语成分 谓语的数 例句 the＋姓氏名词复数，表示“……夫妇/一家人” 复数 The Greens are going to Paris.格林一家要去巴黎。 the＋形容词，表示一类人 The young like to listen to pop music.年轻人喜欢听流行音乐。 表示时间、距离、重量、价格、长度等的名词 单数 Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.两个小时时间足够我完成这项工作了。 主语成分 谓语的数 例句 以-s结尾的学科名词(physics，politics，maths)或不可数名词news 单数  The news is very exciting.这个消息非常令人兴奋。 and连接并列主语，表示同一个人或物(and后面无冠词) The doctor and writer is very famous.这位医生兼作家非常有名。 10．—Hurry up, Jason! The movie will be on in thirty minutes. —Don't worry. I think one kilometer ____(be) a short distance. 11．Our whole family likes to do yoga. Even our dog, Bingo, _______(like) to join in! 12．The Smiths _____(be) going to Shanghai tomorrow. 13．Maybe the rich _____(be) not always happy. 14．Physics ____(be) always my favorite subject. is likes are are is 考点3 就近一致原则 就近一致原则就是谓语动词和靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 主语 谓语的数 例句 由either…or…， neither…nor…， not only…but(also)…， not…but…或or连接的两个并列主语 谓语动词和距其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致 Neither Jim nor I am going to this party. 吉姆和我都不去参加这个聚会。 在There be…和Here be…句式中，主语是并列的人或物时 be动词常与距其最近的主语在数上保持一致 There is a school and several shops near the park.公园附近有一所学校和几家商店。 15．(2023·达州改编)—Neither Lily nor her parents ______(be) outdoors when the rainstorm came. —How lucky they were! 16．Not only Peter but also I ____(be) crazy about the basketball match. 17．Here ____(be) some milk and two eggs for you. Enjoy! 18．Not I but you _____(be) responsible for the project. were am is are 考点1 动词不定式 考向五　非谓语动词 功能 用法 例句 作主语 可用it作形式主语，将真正的主语后置。 ①It's＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.(对某人来说/某人)做某事是……的。 ②It's＋n.＋to do sth.做某事是…… ③It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人一些时间。 It's easy to learn English well.学好英语很容易。 It's our duty to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任。 It took me three hours to finish my homework.我花费了3个小时完成我的家庭作业。 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 ①一般只作某些动词的宾语，如decide，want，plan, afford, agree, choose, fail, expect, hope, happen, learn, promise, refuse, seem, offer, volunteer等，结构为：主语＋谓语＋to do sth.(更多单词详见本书P142～143) They decided to change their mind. 他们决定改变主意。 Danny refused to answer the question.丹尼拒绝回答这个问题。 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 ②有些动词后接形容词作宾语，可用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语后置。常用it作形式宾语的动词有：find, think, make, consider, feel等，结构为：主语＋谓语＋it＋其他(adj./n.)＋to do sth. We find it difficult to work out the problem.我们发现解决这个问题很困难。 I consider it a great honor to be invited.能被邀请我感到很荣幸。 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 ③“疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构作宾语，该结构可转化为宾语从句，用来表示目的、结果、原因等，结构为：主语＋谓语＋疑问词/whether＋to do sth.＝主语＋谓语＋宾语从句 I don't know what to do.＝ I don't know what I should do. 我不知道该做什么。 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 补足语   用于某些动词之后，如want, tell, ask, wish, expect, warn, wait, encourage, force, invite, teach, advise等，结构为：主语＋谓语＋sb.＋to do sth.(更多单词详见本书P144) He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.他每天帮助小女孩完成她的家庭作业。 感官动词(如feel, hear, see, notice, watch)和使役动词(如make, let, have)后的不定式to省略，但是在变为被动语态时要还原to He always makes me laugh.他总能让我笑。 He was made to wait for over an hour. 他被迫等了一个多小时。 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 补足语 有些动词后可以接“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构作宾语补足语，结构为：主语＋谓语＋sb.＋特殊疑问词＋to do sth. My father taught me how to make a kite.我的父亲教会我如何做风筝。 作定语 放在名词或复合不定代词后，作后置定语 He has something important to do today.他今天有重要的事情要做。 功能 用法 例句 作表语 常用于be动词后 Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.我们的计划是为孩子们建立另一所中学。 作状语 用来表示目的、结果、原因等 Every morning he gets up very early to exercise. 为了锻炼他每天早上都起得很早。 动词不定式的特殊结构 ①too…to…太……而不能…… ②…enough to…足够……可以……(详见本书P28) ③Why don't you＋动词原形？＝Why not＋不带to的不定式？ 为什么不……呢？ ④had better (not)＋不带to的不定式 最好(不要)做某事 ⑤Will you please＋不带to的不定式？ 你能……吗？ ⑥prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 1．(2024·苏州改编)As the host city, Suzhou will manage _________(make) the 2026 ISF Football World Cup a great success. 2．(2024·连云港改编)The fast Wi-Fi on China's space station helps astronauts ______________(connect) with people on Earth easily. 3．(2024·云南改编)Our headmaster will invite a scientist _________(give) us a speech on space technology. 4．(2024·眉山改编)In Journey to the West, the clever and brave Monkey King is never afraid __________(fight) bad people. to make (to) connect to give to fight 5．(2024·广安改编)It's important for everyone _________(keep) calm when the earthquake happens. 6．(2024·泸州改编)_________(stay) healthy, we students always do morning exercises every day at school. 7．Before visiting a foreign country, you'd better _______(check) what the local people usually do, so you won't make mistakes. 8．(2023·郴州改编)—Are you going to read the book Journey to the West? —Yes. Our teacher expects us _________(read) such traditional Chinese books. 9．(2023·无锡)The firemen had no choice but __________(break) the window. to keep To stay check to read to break 10．I think I'm old enough _________(take) care of myself. 11．(2022·怀化)It is my dream to have a bridge.(英译汉) _________________________ 12．As a Chinese, it is important to learn some traditional Chinese culture.(英译汉) ____________________________________________________________ to take 拥有一座桥是我的梦想。 作为一个中国人，学一些传统中华文化是很重要的。 考点2 动词的-ing形式 功能 用法 例句 作主语 ①单个-ing形式的动词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 ②两个-ing形式的动词(短语)作主语，用and连接时，谓语动词用复数形式；用or连接时，谓语动词用单数形式 Skating on the thin ice is dangerous.在薄冰上滑冰很危险。 Eating less and doing more exercise are good for health.少吃多运动对健康有益。 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 作某些动词(短语)的宾语，如mind, enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, practice, suggest, avoid, give up, feel like, be/get used to等，结构为：主语＋谓语＋doing＋sth.(更多单词详见本书P143) I finished doing my homework.我完成了我的家庭作业。 When playing in the hallways, students should avoid pushing each other.在走廊里玩耍时，学生们应该避免互相推搡。 功能 用法 例句 作表语 多数情况下，-ing形式的动词作表语可转换为作主语，即主语＋系动词＋表语(doing＋sth.)＝原表语(doing＋sth.)＋系动词＋原主语 The nurse's job is looking after the patients.＝Looking after the patients is the nurse's job.护士的工作是照顾病人。 作定语 用动名词表明所修饰词的用途，用现在分词表示正在做的动作 She is reading in the reading room.她正在阅览室看书。 (第一个reading表示动作，第二个reading表示用途) 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 补足语 常用于感官动词(如feel，hear，see，notice，watch)和使役动词(如make，let，have，keep)后，表示动作正在进行 He kept the machine running for ten hours.他让机器运转了10个小时。 13．(2024·苏州改编)Stop _________(push) and just wait for your turn. 14．(2024·连云港改编)_____________(keep) exercise every day will make a difference to our health. 15．(2024·成都改编)They enjoy ________(hike) up the mountains in their free time. 16．(2023·衡阳)Right now, Tech-Help is giving smart TV sets to families in Xinjiang. There are about 50 families on the _________(wait) list. 17．(2023·潍坊)He and Pagani were busy _________(work) together during this period, I'm sure. pushing Keeping hiking waiting working 18．(2023·宁波)On the bus ride home, Ann avoided _________(sit) next to Lily on purpose. 19．We finished _________(write) the words together happily, “Two for one, one for two, see what two good friends can do！” 20．(2023·株洲)保持积极乐观使我们的生活更美好。(汉译英) __________________________________________ 21．(2022·湘潭)Communicating and understanding is very important for a family.(英译汉) ______________________________________________ sitting writing Staying positive makes our lives better. 沟通和理解对于一个家庭来说非常重要。 考点3 动词的-ed形式 功能 用法 例句 作表语 表示某种状态 The TV is broken.电视机坏了。 作定语 修饰名词或代词时，表示被动含义、状态或特征，一般位于所修饰的名词前或代词后 Her job is to take care of the wounded man.她的工作是照顾受伤的人。 作状语 可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步等 Lost in thought, he heard nothing. 他陷入了沉思之中，什么都没听到。 作宾语 补足语 表示宾语与宾语补足语之间为动宾关系或表示动作已经完成 He heard his name called.他听到有人叫他的名字。 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾补的区别 形式 区别 例句 现在分词 作宾补 宾语和补语之间是主谓关系，其动作与谓语动作同时进行 I saw him opening the window.我看见他正在开窗户。 过去分词 作宾补 宾语和补语之间是动宾关系，其动作先于谓语动作 I saw the window opened.我看见窗户被打开了。 不定式 作宾补 表示一个完成的动作，或表示一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作 I saw him open the window.我看见他打开了窗户。 22．(2023·宜宾改编)It is reported that a blind man has made a living by repairing ________(break) bikes for 30 years. 23．A bridge ________(call) Golden Gate Bridge surprised us a lot. 24．I will have the clothes ________(wash) tomorrow. 25．They came in, __________(follow) by some children. 26．We were so _______(bore) that we couldn't help yawning(打哈欠)． broken called washed followed bored 如何判断空处所填词在句中是否作谓语？ 谓语通常描述动作或状态，等同于汉语中的动词。谓语是一个完整句子中必不可少的成分。同学们需认真分析句子结构，主要关注句子中是否还有其他动词及其形式，并结合句子的结构，判断空处所填词是否作谓语。此处通过例子加以说明： 例1　(2023·永州)A journey of a thousand li ________(begin) with a single step. 【方法点拨】A journey of a thousand li作主语，with是介词，a single step作宾语，句中没有其他动词，所以可以确定所填词作谓语。这是一句俗语“千里之行，始于足下”，所以时态用一般现在时即可。主语中的核心词是A journey，根据“主谓一致”的原则，谓语填第三人称单数begins。 例2　(2023·永州)Last week my sister _______(fail) her cooking exam because she burnt something. 【方法点拨】句中虽然有fail和burnt两个动词，但是burnt在because引导的原因状语从句中，主句中并没有其他动词，所以所填词作谓语。由Last week可知，主句为一般过去时，主语与谓语动作为主谓关系，故填过去式failed。 例3　I've decided ________(stay) away from fried food and soft drinks. 【方法点拨】句中已有谓语have decided，空处只能填非谓语或其他词性的单词。根据语境“我决定远离油炸食品和软饮料”可判断，所填词表示动作，故应填非谓语动词，由decide to do sth.可知，应填不定式to stay。 弄清楚是否作谓语后，具体要填什么形式，分为以下几种情况： 1．作谓语(时态、语态详见本书P129～134) (1)若所填动词前有情态动词，动词应填原形。 (2)若所填动词确定作谓语，前面没有情态动词，首先根据主语与谓语的关系判断是否为被动语态，然后根据时间标志词或语境判断时态，根据各时态和语态的结构填写即可。 (3)若无时间标志词，则根据上下文语境或已有的时态判断，从而使用适当的时态和语态。 (4)由and连接的动词、短语或句子，表示并列关系，前后时态须保持一致。 2．有谓语，需填非谓语形式(非谓语动词的用法详见本书P137～141) 中考阶段常考一些单词接不定式或动词的-ing形式的用法，总结如下： (1)只接动词不定式作宾语的动词 afford to do sth.负担得起做某事　ask to do sth.要求做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事 can't wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事 choose to do sth.选择做某事 decide to do sth.决定做某事 dare to do sth.敢于做某事 expect to do sth.期待做某事 fail to do sth.没能做成某事/做某事失败 happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 help to do sth.帮助做某事 hope/wish to do sth.希望做某事 learn to do sth.学着做某事 manage to do sth.设法做成某事 offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 plan to do sth.计划做某事 prepare to do sth.准备做某事 pretend to do sth.假装做某事 promise to do sth.承诺/答应做某事 refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 request to do sth.要求做某事 rush to do sth.匆忙地做某事 seem to do sth.似乎要做某事 used to do sth.过去常常做某事 volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 wait to do sth.等待做某事 would like to do sth.想要做某事 (2)只接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词 avoid doing sth.避免做某事 advise/suggest doing sth.建议做某事 allow doing sth.允许做某事 be good at doing sth.擅长做某事 get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事 consider doing sth.考虑做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 have fun doing sth.做某事有乐趣 imagine doing sth.想象做某事 keep doing sth.坚持做某事 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 mind doing sth.介意做某事 pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事 practice doing sth.练习做某事 put off doing sth.推迟做某事 spend time/money doing sth.花时间/金钱做某事 risk doing sth.冒险做某事 have problems/trouble/difficulty doing sth.做某事有困难 prefer doing A (sth.) to doing B (sth.)比起做事情B更喜欢做事情A (3)既可以接动词不定式，也可以接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词 begin to do sth.＝ begin doing sth.开始做某事 start to do sth.＝ start doing sth.开始做某事 hate to do sth.＝ hate doing sth.讨厌做某事 like to do sth.＝ like doing sth.喜欢做某事 love to do sth.＝ love doing sth.热爱做某事 prefer to do sth.＝ prefer doing sth.更喜欢做某事 (4)常考的接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 cause sb.to do sth.导致某人做某事 encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事 force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事 help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事 want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 warn sb.to do sth.警告某人做某事 wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事 would like sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 (5)接省略to的动词不定式(do)/动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 make sb.do sth.使某人做某事 have sb. do sth.让某人做某事 find sb. doing sth.发现某人正在做某事 notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事 mind sb./one's doing sth.介意某人做某事 stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事 3．需将动词转化为形容词 (1)所填词在句子中作表语或定语时，可考虑填形容词。 (2)动词变形容词的变化规则(部分需双写末尾字母或去掉字母e，再加后缀) 变化规则 示例 v．＋-ed/-ing relax—relaxed/relaxing　excite—excited/exciting interest—interested/interesting v．＋-ive act—active　create—creative　effect—effective v．＋-able enjoy—enjoyable　accept—acceptable　believe—believable 其他 die—dead　live—alive　sleep—asleep　wake—awake 4．需将动词转化为名词 (1)所填词在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，可考虑填名词。 (2)动词变名词的变化规则(部分需双写末尾字母或去掉字母e，再加后缀) 变化规则 示例 v．＋-er/-or/-ress work—worker　play—player　act—actor/actress v．＋-ing begin—beginning　build—building　 meet—meeting v．＋-(t)ion/-ation/ -(s)ion collect—collection　 create—creation　 educate—education decide—decision 变化规则 示例 其他 choose—choice　die—death　 marry—marriage　serve—service think—thought　weigh—weight　 fail—failure　succeed—success 5. 将动词转化为动词(了解) 所填词在句中仍作谓语，但需要通过添加前缀改变词义。变化规则如下： 变化规则 词缀含义 示例 dis-＋v. 不，非，表示 相反意义 like—dislike(不喜欢)　agree—disagree(不同意) un-＋v. lock—unlock(解锁)　cover—uncover(揭开) mis-＋v. 错误地 lead—mislead(误导)　understand—misunderstand(误解) 变化规则 词缀含义 示例 re-＋v. 重复，回 build—rebuild(重建)　write—rewrite(重写) turn—return(返回) pre-＋v. 在……之前，预先 view—preview(预览；预习)　heat—preheat(预热) 一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 1．(2024·安徽改编)—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I have ______ (leave) mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. 2．(2024·云南)I like traveling because I can meet some _________________ (interest) people and things along the way. 3．(2024·云南)David is a ________(work) at a car factory. He loves his job. 4．(2024·扬州改编)China has made great efforts ____________(help) other countries build high-speed railways. left interesting worker to help 5．(2024·达州)An _________________(invent) is a person who has invented something. 6．(2024·白银)Tom and his parents _______________(have) supper when the phone rang. 7．(2023·郴州改编)Many trees and flowers _____________(plant) every year to make our environment more beautiful. 8．(2023·邵阳改编)—What are you going to do this weekend? —I'm not sure. I may ____(go) shopping. 9．(2023·无锡)This T-shirt _________(make) of silk and it feels very smooth. inventor were having are planted go is made 10．(2023·苏州)The memory of the white walls stayed with me. I kept ______________ (imagine) how many shadows(影子) could be collected by them to dance with the light. 11．My father has made a ____________(decide) that he will buy a camera for me. 12．Jim's father ________(go) to London last month. He has been there three times. 13．A clever English learner often _________(guess) the meanings of the new words when he reads. 14．Outdoor activities are good for children's __________(create) thinking. imagining decision went guesses creative 二、短文填空 (2024·深圳模拟改编)Denis Rancourt is a famous professor of physics at the University of Ottawa. As a leading expert in his research field, he 1._______ ________ (write) hundreds of scientific papers so far. One day, he decided to change his 2.___________(teach) method which he had used for over twenty years. It all started a few years earlier. While 3._______(do) research, he found that water and land were being polluted and farms 4._______________________ (disappear). As a person who cared deeply about the environment, Denis decided to start a science course which was open to everyone. He even invited has written teaching doing were disappearing some scientists to give talks on topics such as war, trade, medical care and environmental policy. And he encouraged students 5._____________(think), discuss, and take action to make the world a better place. Once, a hall 6.____________(fill) with over 120 people who had come to listen to these lectures. Two 12-year-old twins even came to his class. Denis became a controversial(有争议的) person. Some people praised him for his courage, social responsibility and unusual teaching methods. However, others 7._____________(think) that he was ruining the reputation(名誉) of the university. to think was filled thought In an interview, some reporters asked him why he did all of this at the risk(风险) of his own career. He said, “As an 8.__________(educate), I'm responsible for 9._________(warn) people about problems and encouraging everyone to become independent thinkers. We should 10._______(try) our best to stop bad things from happening.” educator warning try 一、完形填空 (2024·常德模拟)My grandfather often said “I won't”. He used to be a furniture(家具) maker. One day, a neighbor invited him to make some furniture. When he arrived, he 1 the wood was a little wet, so he said, “I won't start right away until it's dry.” He chose to let the wood dry for a month. He knew working with wet wood could 2 problems later on. Around the same time, another furniture maker was also asked for a 3 job by a different family. Unlike my grandfather, he began working right away. As a result, the neighbor started doubting my grandfather. He thought my grandfather was trying to make more money by 4 the work. However, my grandfather waited 5 . He just wanted to make the best furniture. A month later, the other furniture maker 6 his money and went back home. My grandfather began to make strong and beautiful furniture when the wood was completely 7 . A few months passed and the furniture made by that maker began to break. The neighbor felt regretful for 8 my grandfather and said sorry to him. Influenced by my grandfather, my father also follows the value of “I won't”. He always provides the freshest food, which makes his restaurant very 9 in town. Now, I keep in mind what my grandfather and father taught me. In life, we've come to know our family 10 behind this saying—to be truthful and honest. (　 　)1.A.remained　　 B．noticed　　　 C．required (　 　)2.A.educate B．solve C．cause (　 　)3.A.similar B．common C．daily (　 　)4.A.putting on B．putting off C．putting away (　 　)5.A.patiently B．impolitely C．Uneasily (　 　)6.A.refused B．received C．lost (　 　)7.A.wet B．dry C．wide (　 　)8.A.misunderstanding B．misleading C．misusing (　 　)9.A.awful B．comfortable C．popular (　 　)10.A.purpose B．dream C．value 答案 B C A B A B B A C C 二、短文填空 (2024·常德模拟)Chinese have been using chopsticks for meals for more than 3,000 years. The Chinese love using them but it is difficult 1._____ Westerners to use them. Why don't the Chinese throw these two 2.________ (stick) away? In fact, Chinese people like hot and well-cooked food 3.________(good) than cold and ready-served food. It's very helpful for people 4.________(use) chopsticks to pick up the food from the soup. Here I can give you 5.____ example about the hotpot(火锅). Anyone who has some ideas about Chinese food may 6.______(know) this word “hotpot”. It is very popular with most Chinese people. Can you imagine using a fork 7.____ a knife to take the food for sticks better to use an know or out of the pot while you're eating the hotpot? The food in the pot is very hot, so it's 8.____________(possible) for you to use the fork and knife which conducts (传导) heat very fast. However, chopsticks can solve this problem 9.___________(perfect). Usually, they 10.__________(make) of wood or bamboo that conducts heat slowly. It's very useful and safe to have the hotpot with the chopsticks. impossible perfectly are made $$