Unit 7 Section B 2a-2e 学案 2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语上册

Period 5-6　Section B (2a—2e) 【学习目标】 1．掌握下列重点单词：already, factory, simple, human, servant, believe, even, shape, fall, possible, seem, impossible, housework，inside,such, dangerous 2. 掌握下列重点短语： seem impossible, hundreds of , be able to，over and over again，fall down，look for，for example，look like，wake up, in 20 to 50 years, disagree with 3．掌握下列重点句型： ① He thinks that it will be difficult for a robot to do the same things as a person. ② They think that robots will even be able to talk to people in 25 to 50 years. ③ Some will look like humans, and others might look like animals ④ We never know what will happen in the future！ 【重难点】 1. 教学重点：通过读、写的训练，来让学生们能真正在实际活动中运用所学的知识。 2. 教学难点: 阅读训练与写作训练，学会预测未来。 （一）情境创设： （二）目标导引： 独立预学展示 1. 已经__________ 2. 帮助做家务活 ________________ 3. 人类的仆人 ______________________4. 不同意某人的观点_________________________ 5. 花费几百年时间___________________ 6.干简单的工作_______________________ 7. 反复地________________ 8.倒塌__________________ 9. 制造仿真机器人_______________________10. 似乎不可能________________________ (三)合作探究 一、重点单词与短语 1. human 作可数名词时，意为“人，人类”，其复数形式是humans 。还可写成human being（s） 作形容词时意为“人的，人本性的”；human error 人为错误 【拓展】human, person, people与the people的辨析 ① human表示区别于其他动物、自然景物或神的“人”。 ② person指“人”，包括男人、女人、小孩，用于人数比较精确的场合，有复数形式。 ③ people泛指“人们”，是集合名词，做主语时谓语动词用复数 另外，people还可表示“民族”，a people表示一个民族，peoples表示多个民族 ④ the people 意为“人民（群众）” 【跟踪训练】 用human, person, people或the people的适当形式填空 ① An old ______________ wants to see you. ② He was the only _________ on the island. ③ There are many ____________ there. ④ All the power（权力）in our country belongs to（属于）______________. 2. already 副词，意为“已经，早已”。 一般置于行为动词前，系动词或助动词之后。为了强调，可置于句首、句末； 【拓展】辨析already, yet 和 still ① already“已经”，常用于肯定句中，多用于完成时态。 ② yet 多用于疑问句或否定句，在疑问句中表示“已经”，在否定句中表示“还”，通常用在 完成时中，放在句末。 ③ still “仍”，惊讶某事仍在继续，比预期结束来的晚。 【跟踪训练】根据句意，用already, still或yet填空。 (1) Holly has____________fed the dog, but she hasn’t watered the plants______________. 3. over and over again  “多次，反复地” 该短语常在句中做状语，用于说明动作重复的次数很多。 【跟踪训练】 (1) He said it ________ ________ ________ ________. （他反反复复的说那件事情。） 4. believe v.“相信”，后可跟名词、代词或that/wh-从句作宾语。变否定句时，否定在主句上。 【辨析】believe sb.与believe in sb. believe sb. 意为“相信某人（所说的话是真的）” believe in sb.意为“信任某人”。 【跟踪训练】 (1) I ________ ________ that he knows that place.我认为他不知道那个地方（否定句）。 (2) I ________ him, but I don’t ________ ________ him.我相信他的话是真的,但我不信任他。 5. disagree v. “不同意，持不同意见，有分歧”。 disagree with sb. 不同意某人（的观点） disagree to do sth. 不同意做某事 【拓展】反义词：agree 同意某人(的观点)：agree with sb. 同意做某事 agree to do sth 【跟踪训练】She ________ ________（不同意）other people at yesterday’s meeting. 6. even 副词，意为“甚至，连，愈加” 一般置于系动词be、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前； 也可用来修饰形容词、副词的比较级，加强语气，意思是“更加，愈加，还”。 【拓展】 even if 即使 even though 即使 even so 虽然如此 可用来修饰比较级的词（组）有even, still（更加），much（多）, by far（……的多）,a little（有点）,a bit（稍微……）, a lot（……更多）等。 【跟踪训练】This book is ________ ________ useful that. (这本书比那本书更加有用。) 7. hundreds of... “许多，大量，数百…… ” 表概数，不与具体数词连用 【拓展】 表示具体的“几百”，用“基数词+hundred”，此时hundred不加-s，不加of。 类似用法的词还有：thousand（千）, million（百万）, billion（十亿）。 【跟踪训练】 (1) ( ) ________ people escaped from (逃离) their homes after the disaster happened. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousands of D. Two thousands (2) ( )The volunteer(志愿者) sent ______ books to the poor villages on Children’s Day. A. two hundreds of B. two hundred of C. two hundreds D. two hundred 8. shape 名词，“形状，外形”，作动词，“塑造，定形”. in the shape of... 以……形状 in shape 在形状上 【拓展】shaped 形容词，“成某种形状的”; shapeless 形容词，“无形状的” 【跟踪训练】 The picture is round _____________ _____________. （这幅画是圆形的。） 9. fall ①动词，“倒塌，跌倒，掉落”, 过去式为fell，现在分词为falling ②名词，“落下；秋天；瀑布”e.g. in the fall of 1990 在1990年的秋天 谚语：A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。 【拓展】fall down“（人）跌倒；摔倒；倒塌” fall ill生病 fall asleep 入睡 fall from 落下，跌落，降落 fall off 从……上落下；掉下；摔下 fall into 掉到……里，陷入（困难） fall in love with... 爱上…… 【跟踪训练】 (1) He __________ (fall) down from the horse and broke his arm. (2) 他昨天掉进了河里。 He __________ __________ the river yesterday. 10. look for 寻找，寻求 【拓展】辨析look for, find和find out 1 look for “寻找”，强调找的动作；可用于进行时态。 ② find “找到”,表达寻找的结果；不可用于进行时态。 ③ find out 指通过观察而发现事实的真相，调查找出原因。 【跟踪训练】 用look for, find或find out的适当形式填空。 (1) I __________ __________ my pen everywhere, but I couldn’t __________ it. (2) Let’s go and _________________ when the train will arrive. 11. possible adj. “可能存在或发生的；可能的”, 反义词impossible,“不可能存在或发生的” adv. possibly 可能，或许 n. possibility 可能；可能性 【拓展】 ① as...as possible = as...as one can 表示“尽可能地…… （两个as中间用形容词或副词 原级）” e.g.as soon as possible 尽可能快（时间） as fast as possible 尽可能快（速度） as quickly as possible 尽可能快（动作）as early as possible 尽可能早（时间） if possible 如果有可能的话 ② 谚语：Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.世上无难事只怕有心人。 【跟踪训练】 (1) You’d better rest as __________ as __________ .(你最后尽可能多休息。) (2) You should do what you need to do as soon as possible. = You should do what you need to do _________ __________ _________ _______ _______. 12. be able to 意为“能够（有能力）”，able 是形容词，意为“有能力的” be able to do sth. 有能力做某事，会做某事 【辨析】be able to do与can ① can 指一般的能力，没有人称和数的变化，过去式could , 还可表请求、允许和推测，be able to没有此用法。 ②be able to主要指具体做某件事的能力，有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态，表示经过努力而成功地做成某事。在表示现在和过去“力所能及”时，可与can互换。 【跟踪训练】 根据句意，用can或be able to填空。 (1) He will ________________ sing this song in English next week. (2) I ________________ speak a little English. (3) He could run fast when he was eight years old. (改为同义句) He __________ ___________ ____________ run fast when he was eight years old. 13. wake up 醒来，叫醒 vt.“醒来”； vi. “叫醒”，后跟人作宾语，代词放中间。 【跟踪训练】 (1) 我的小宝宝通常在5点钟醒来。 My baby usually ________ __________ at 5 o’clock. (2) 我妈妈每天六点钟把我叫醒。My mother ________ __________ ______ at 6 o’clock every day. 14. seem impossible “似乎是不可能的”，相当于seem to be impossible seem (to be)+形容词/名词/介词短语/过去分词/现在分词（作表语） seem to do sth. 似乎做某事 seem like 看起来像 It seems that+从句… 似乎… 【跟踪训练】 (1) 当时这看起来好像是个不错的主意。It ________ ________ a good idea at that time. (2) He seems very angry. = He ___________ ___________ ___________ very angry. = __________ ____________ __________ he is very angry. 二、重点句型与语法 ■句型 1. They help with the housework and do jobs like working in dirty or dangerous places. 它们帮助做家务，或者在肮脏或危险的地方干活。 【精讲】① help with sth. “帮助做某事”， help sb. with sth. =help sb. (to) do sth. “帮助某人做某事” ② help u.n. “帮助” 【拓展】help的其他常用搭配 with the help of... 在……的帮助下 with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 ask sb. for help 请某人帮助 can’t help doing... 禁不住做…… help oneself to... 请随便吃/喝… help out 帮……走出困境 【跟踪训练】 (1) 琳达帮着做家务。Linda ________ ________ housework. (2) 他经常帮我做功课。He often __________ ________ __________ my lessons. (3) 这位老人需要一些帮助。 This old man needs ____________ ____________. 2. Today there are already robots working in factories. 现在已经有机器人在工厂里干活了。 “There be sb./ sth. + doing sth.”，意为“有某人/某物正在做某事”。 【跟踪训练】 (1) There is a bird ____________（sing）in the tree. (2) There are some children ____________（play）soccer on the playground. 3. Fewer people will do such jobs in the future because they are boring, but robots will never get bored. 在将来很少有人做这样的工作，因为它们很枯燥，但是机器人永远不会感到厌烦。 【辨析】such和so的用法与区别 ① such ＋a/an＋adj.＋ 单数可数名词 = so＋adj.＋a/an＋ 单数可数名词 such＋adj.＋ 复数名词/u.n. e.g. such delicious food/ such good weather. so＋adj.＋a/an＋ 单数可数名词 so＋adj./adv.＋ 复数名词/u.n e.g. so many books /so much water ② so...that...， such...that.. 加结果状语从句，“如此…以至于… ” e.g. He got up so early that he went to school on time. 魔法记忆：名前such，形（副）前so, 多多少少(many, much, few, little)也用so. 【跟踪训练】 用so或such的适当结构填空。 (1) Sorry, you speak _________ quickly_________ I can’t follow you. (2) All of us feel surprised that __________ a little boy can eat ____________ much food. (3) It’s such a hot day. = It’s ___________ _________ _________ _________. (同义句转换) 4. Scientists are now trying to make robots look like humans and do the same things as we do. 科学家们现在正努力使得机器人看上去像人，并且与我们做同样的事情。 【精讲】try to do sth“尽力、努力去做某事”，也可说成try one’s best to do sth. 【拓展】try doing sth “尝试做某事”，侧重尝试，并没有一定明显的目的性。 【跟踪训练】 （1) ( ) He tried ____________ the tall tree, but he failed. A. to climb B. climbed C. climbing D. to be climb （四）交流展示 1. Fast reading. Read the article and match each paragraph with the question. 2. Careful-reading. Finish 2c and 2d. 3. 2e. Write your own ideas about robots. 4. Retell the article. （五）积累巩固 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 look for, be able to, wake up, fall down, over and over again 1. I saw an old woman ___________ in the street and she broke her leg. 2. The little boy ___________ his storybook just now, but he didn’t find it. 3. Kate___________ draw well when she was five years old. 4. The mother often ___________ the sleeping boy in the morning. 5. Mr Brown went to see the house ___________ before he decided to buy it. 二、单项选择 ( )1. Work hard, and you’ll_____ learn English well. A. can B. able to C. be able to D. are able to ( ) 2._____ seems very hard to work out this problem. A. That B. This C. I D. It ( ) 3. —I think math is more useful than PE. —I don’t _____ you. They are both useful. A. get on with B. catch up with C. talk with D. agree with ( ) 4. There are some teachers ____ in the office. A. Working B. to work C. worked D. works ( ) 5. She is _____ a nice girl _____ we all want to help her. A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. very; that ( ) 6. —______ is your math teacher? —The one in black. A. What B. Which C. How D. Where ( )7. There are ____ of students in our school but only ____ of them are girls. A. hundreds; two hundred B. hundred; two hundreds C. hundreds; two hundreds D. hundred; two hundred ( ) 8. It took me two hours ____ my homework. A. finish B. finished C. finishes D. to finish (      ) 9. Mother makes me ____a glass of milk every day.        A. drinks    B. drink     C. to drink D. drinking ( )10. Nobody knows ____ . A. what will the future be like B. the future will what be like C. what the future will be like D. what the future be like （六）延伸拓展 一、阅读理解 I’m taking my family to other countries to have a trip.  My wife and I and our two children are all going to the trip. My elder brother will go with us, too. He has never gone overseas (从未出过国) and he is even more excited than the children.  My father is so old that he'd like to stay at home and take care of the house. We’re going to go to New York by train, and then take a ship to Europe(欧洲). When we arrive in Europe, we’re going to some countries for sightseeing(观光). We’ll go to places either by train or by bus. We’re going to fly home. It took us a long time to decide where to go, but I think we have planned a very interesting trip.  We’ll go to England, France and Italy. My wife is very interested in going to France because she is a teacher of French. And my brother, who speaks very good Italian, I am looking forward to the trip to Italy.       We also talked about how we would go to Europe. At first we wanted to fly because it would be faster and would save(节省)more time, But my brother likes to take a boat trip and the children like that, too. ( ) 1.My brother is very excited because________ A. he has many friends in other countries B. he has never traveled by plane C. he wants to buy some books in Italy     D. he has never been overseas ( ) 2. We're coming back home by_____________.   A. sea     B. air    C. bus     D. train ( ) 3. In Europe we will _________. A. go sightseeing at the seaside   B. to go different countries by ship C. buy a lot of presents     D. go from place to place by train or by bus ( ) 4. My wife works in a __________. A. hospital     B. factory     C. shop     D. school ( ) 5. My brother and my children would like to ________. A. do some shopping in Europe   B. study the Italian language in Italy C. enjoy a trip by ship   D. learn French in 二、七选五 Robots are playing an important role in our life. 1 In factories, robots can help people do a lot of work. 2 People will feel bored if they do the same job again and again, but the robots will not. And they can work in some dangerous places. 3 In our homes, robots are useful, too. They can help us do some cooking. They help the blind(盲的) people read newspapers and help the old people move some heavy things. They can play chess with children. 4 They are our best friends. They are clean and do need any food. They can become our best pets because they do not need feeding or cleaning. However, robots are not as clever as people. 5 If we do not “teach” them how to do things first, they can do nothing. A. They cannot think like us. B. Usually people cannot. C. They don’t like people. D. They work faster and do not need a rest. E. They help us a lot. F. They can do all the things. G. They can teach the children English and other lessons. 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$