Unit 3 学案 2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 3 Could you please help clean your room ?学案一 Grammar : could (1) can 的过去式, couldn’t Could you make your bed at the age of 5?=Were you able to make you bed at the age of 5? Yes ,I could ./ No I couldn’t . (2)疑问句中表委婉的请求，在肯定句中表委婉的建议 Could you please do sth? & Could you please not do sth? Could you please take out the rubbish? 回答：（1）---Sure/Of course /Certainly/No problem. （2）---Sorry , I’m afraid I can’t. 注意易错题： Could you please tell me ______? ( ) A. what was the matter with him? B. what wrong was with him C which was the way to the bank? D. who broke the door? Words and Expressions 1. rubbish .un 废弃物，垃圾（things that you throw away because you no longer want or need them） rubbish bin/ can/ bag/ truck *electronic rubbish 电子垃圾 take out the rubbish Rubbish can be also useful if we make good use of it . *同义词：waste, garbage, trash, litter, junk 练习：There ______ (be) a lot of ______(rubbish) in the street. 2. fold :v- folded(-ed) ①折叠，对折 fold sth (the clothes/one’s arms) fold the piece of paper in half 对折这张纸 Please fold the table up when you don’t need it. 请在不需要桌子的时候把它折叠起来。 补充：*folded adj 折叠了的 some folded bikes *folding adj. 可折叠的 a folding chair *folder n. 文件夹 练习: We should ______ ______ ______ ______ well. (叠自己衣服) 3. sweep :v ---swept(-ed) --sweeping 打扫，扫 clean/ tidy He picked up the broom to help me to sweep the floor. 练习：My mom ______ the floor and it is very clean now. (sweep) 4. floor .n 地板，楼层 on the floor在地板上 on the third floor 在第三层楼 注意： on the playground 在操场上 on the ground 在地上 *第一层的不同表达 on the ground floor (English) on the first floor(American) 练习：Your things are everywhere ______ ______ ______. Please take them away. (在地板上) *5.mess n 杂乱不整洁，混乱 ① sth be (in) a (terrible /great ) mess （a不可以省略） e.g. His bedroom is in a terrible mess. = His bedroom is a terrible mess. ②sb make a mess of sth 某人把...弄得一团糟 e.g. You made a mess of my weekend. ③What a mess! 真是一片狼藉！ 学案二 6. throw::v –threw（-ed）---throwing（不双写！！）扔掷 ① throw it down 扔下（代词放中间） ② throw it away 丢弃 （代词放中间） ③ throw sth into sp / out of sp 扔进/ 出…地方 ④ throw sth (back) to sb= throw sb sth (back) 扔回给某人某物 注意： throw it back to me 7. all the time 始终 & all day and all night 整日整夜 *8. (1) neither 也不 adv neither/nor + be/助/情 +主语 ....也不...（否定） so + be/助/情 +主语 ....也....（肯定） ①肯定 He’s a singer. I’m a singer, too. = He’s a singer, so am I. He likes hot pot. I like hot pot, too. = He likes hot pot, ________ _________ I. 注意：He’s a singer. So he is. (他的确如此) & He likes hot pot. So ________ ________.（他的确如此） ②否定 He’s not a singer. neither am I. 我也是不是。 He didn’t do anything,________ __________ ________.我也是。 注意：还可以用I didn’t do anything, either. Me, neither/ either. He can’t speak French, ________ _________ _________.John也是。 (2) 两者都不neither & either 两者中任一 （区分） adj / pron. adj/ pron. A. neither +cn 单数 A. either+ cn单数 neither做主语+ 谓语单数 either 做主语+谓语单数 e.g. Neither ______(boy)_______(be) here. e.g. Either boy________(be) here. = Neither of the boys________(be) here. Either of the boys________(be) here. B .If he doesn’t go to CQ, neither _______ I. （主将从现）B. Either A or B+谓语（就近原则） C . Neither A nor B +谓语（就近原则，由B决定） Either he or I ______(need) some help. Neither he nor I _______(be) a nurse. D. Both of the answers are right. （否定句） ________ ________ the answers ________right. （3）both 两者都 adj/ pron. （放在情助be之后，行为动词之前） A. both + cn;pl e.g. We are both singers. = _______ _______ us _______ singers. B. both A and B + V谓语用复数（注意变否定为neither A nor B,直接加否定词not为部分否定） e.g. Both Tom and John ______(be) good at math. 否定句：________ Tom _________ John ________ good at math. *9.as soon as 一..就.. ①the minute/moment =as soon as+从句， 主句。 ________ ________ I saw you ,I fell in love with you .=As soon as I saw you ,I fell in love with you . The moment he comes back , I _________ ________ you.（引导主将从现） ②注意： 可以引导主将从现的词组 as soon as / until/ unless/ before/ after/ when/ as long as ③ when & while A. 后面接宾从和状从 A. 后面接状语从句（延续性动词/状态词） e.g. I don’t know when to go. e.g. While my mother was cooking, the He found himself in a dangerous situation doorbell rang. when climbing. While my mother was away, the B. when可以引导主将从现 doorbell rang. e.g. When it rains, I will stay at home. B. conj 然而；对比 C. when + 延续性和非延续性的动词 e.g. He likes singing ,while I like e.g. When he is away, we are talking. dancing. When he comes into the room, we C. n. 一会儿 wait for a while are talking. D. when 表示突然之意 e.g. We were playing on the playground, when it began to rain. 学案三 *10 pass :v passes ,passed(-ed) （1） 给，递 pass sb sth =pass sth to sb pass it /them to me (2) 通过 pass the exam (3) 经过 pass sp=go past sp e.g. The thief passed his house just now. = The thief _______ _______ his house just now. *11. borrow: - borrowed(-ed) v 借，借入 & lend-lent(-ed) 借出，借给（均为瞬间动词）---延续性动词：借用keep A. borrow sth from sb 从某人那里借某物 B. lend sth to sb =lend sb sth 借给某人某物 Sam borrowed a book from his teacher . =Sam’s teacher ________ him a book =Sam’s teacher ________ a book ________ him. C. 注意：他借书借了10天。 （翻译） He kept the book for 10 days. ________ _________ did he ________ the book? 12. hate .v hate to do sth /doing sth & dislike doing sth （区分） e.g. I hate to do chores by myself. 13.chore: n 杂务，乏味无聊的工作 do chores Housewives have to do different kinds of chores ,such as doing the dishes, folding the clothes and so on . 学案四 14.stress un.精神压力 ①Kids these days already have enough stress from school. ②v.使紧张； 给…加压力 be stressed out 紧张 Take it easy, don't be stress out! *15.waste n &v ①un 浪费，垃圾 a waste of time 浪费时间 Doing sth is a waste of time.= It’s a waste of time doing sth e.g. Reading novels is a waste of time. = _______ a ________ of time _________ novels. ②vt 浪费. waste time/ money on sth/ (in) doing sth e.g. Don't waste money on the junk food. Don’t waste time __________(play) computer games. ③复习 spend（人）时间，钱/ cost（物）钱/pay（人）钱/ take（物）时间 *16.in order that =so that +句子 目的是 ，为了 in order（not）to do sth… e.g. He bandaged himself in order that he wouldn’t lose too much blood. = He bandaged himself _________ _________ _________ _________ lose too much blood. *17 provide vt 提供，供应 provided(-ed)-providing provide sth for sb =provide sb with sth为某人提供某物 offer sb sth= offer sth to sb e.g. They provided me with some help. = They _______ some help ______ me. = They ______ me some help. = They ______ some help ______ me. 18. anyway. adv= anyhow 而且，加之 e.g. Anyway, please believe yourself. *19..depend vi 依靠 ①习语 That/It depends 视情况而定 放在句首 e.g. --Can you come to my party? --That depends. ② it (all)depends +句子… e.g. It all depends how you solve the problem. ③depend on /upon sth/sb 1) 依靠;信赖 e.g. Children these days depend on their parents too much. 2）取决于 Your health depends on what you eat. Your future _________ _________ your attitude. 你的未来取决于你的态度。 3) independence (n) 独立- independent (adj) 独立的 an independent girl e.g. Independence plays an important role in our life. She often travels alone---- she’s very independent. *20. develop v (使)发展，（使）壮大 ①develop one’s talent in sth 培养某人某方面的天赋 develop one’s interests and hobbies 培养某人的兴趣爱好 e.g. We can ________ our ________ and hobbies in our free time. 我们能在空闲之余培养我们的兴趣和爱好。 ② developed & developing adj a developed country 发达的 a developing country 发展中的 ③ development un. With the development of sth ,+句子 e.g. With the development of science, we can make good use of the rubbish. 学案五 *21. drop –dropped(-ed)—dropping （要双写！！！） ① vt : drop sth （意外地）落下；掉下 e.g: She dropped her glasses and broke them. The fruit ________ ________ ________ the tree.水果从树上掉下来。 ② vi: sth drop 下降；减少 Eg: As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped. The price of house dropped the other day. ③ drop doing sth= stop doing sth= give up doing sth 放弃做某事 22. fair- unfair – fairness n. be fair/ unfair to sb e.g. It’s unfair to say what she said is all right. 23. take good care of sb = look after sb well= care for sb 24. ill adj（表语） & sick adj（表语和定语） a sick boy (V) an ill boy (X) sb get / fall sick 某人生病了 & sb be ill Important Language points in the textbook 1. P18 I am going to work on it 继续工作，从事于 2. P19 my mom come over ------come over 走过来 3. P20 get it wet ------get sth wet 弄湿sth 4. P22 do one’s part in sth /doing sth 在---中做自己的那部分 5. P22 There is no need for them to do it now .=It’s not necessary /unnecessary for them to do it =They don’t need/have to do it now .=They needn’t do it now 6. P22 He had no idea how to take care of himself I have no idea.= I don’t know. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$