Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking Language Points 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking No sweet without sweat. Language Points 教材原句：1. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. severe adj. extremely bad or serious 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的 not kind or showing sympathy; not smiling or showing approval 严厉的 e.g. His injuries are severe. The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders. She was a severe woman who seldom smiled. 【常用搭配】 be severe on/with 对……严厉 be severe with oneself 严于律己 【拓展】：severely adv. 严重地; 严格地，严厉地 【语境应用】单句语法填空。 1) I do not like to be severe _________ anyone, but our own situation is serious. 2) You should first of all be severe _________ yourself and set an example to your kids. 3) A fire had _________ (severe) damaged the warehouse. 教材原句：2. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. die from: die owing to 死于 【拓展】：die away (声音、风或光) 逐渐消失 die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息 die of 因……而死 die out 灭绝；消失 by dying for/ to do sth. 渴望得到某物/ 做某事 词条 相同点 含义 die of “死于疾病”既可用die of, 也可用die from表示。 死于(疾病、过度悲伤等内部原因) die from 死于(某种外部原因) 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) In 2020, many species of animals ____________ (死于) the forest fire in Australia. 2) It is well known that smoking does harm to health. A lot of people ____________ (死于) lung cancer and heart disease due to smoking. 教材原句：3. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. contradictory adj. containing or showing a contradiction 互相矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 【常用搭配】 be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反 e.g. His remark was contradictory to the truth. 【拓展】：contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾 contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法 Don’t contradict! 别顶嘴 in （direct） contradiction to 与……恰恰相反 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) But the information I got was rich and varied, or even _____________. 但我得到的信息丰富多样，甚至相互矛盾。 2) People found this sort of ____________ (contradict) reality to accept. 人们觉得这矛盾的现实难以接受。 3) He kept ___________________ when we were arguing ― I think he was a bit confused. 当我们争论的时候他为断自相矛盾―我认为他有点困惑了。 4) Your attitude is in contradiction __________ your character. 你的态度和你的性格相矛盾。 教材原句：4. Snow subscribed to the second theory. subscribe v. to apply to buy shares in a company认购(股份) to pay an amount of money regularly in order to receive or use something 定期订购 to pay money regularly to be a member of an organization or to support a charity 定期缴纳(会费) e.g. Each employee may subscribe for up to￡2,000 worth of shares. You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year. She subscribes to an environmental action group. 【常用搭配】 subscribe to 订阅(报纸、杂志等)；签字认可，同意；向……捐赠 subscribe for 预订；认购 【拓展】: subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者 a subscriber to… ……的订阅者 subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款 【语境应用】单句语法填空。 1) She used to subscribe ___________ an environmental action group. 2) Have you handed in your ___________ (subscribe)? 3) Write away now for the free album offered to every new ___________ (subscribe). 教材原句：5. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. suspect v. to have an idea that something is probably true or likely to happen, especially something bad, but without having definite proof 疑有 to have an idea that sb. is guilty of sth., without having definite proof怀疑 to feel that something is not completely right, legal or honest, without having any proof; to not trust something 不信任 【常用搭配】 suspect…of… 怀疑……有罪 suspect… to be/ as 怀疑……是…… e.g. I have no reason to suspect her honesty. The police suspect him of having taken the money. I suspected him to be a liar. n. a person who is suspected of a crime or of having done something wrong 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 e.g. He is the prime suspect in the case. 【拓展】：suspicion n. 怀疑 suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的 常用“vt.+ sb. + of sth.”短语 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 cure sb. of sth. 给某人治愈某病；改正(某人的不良行为) inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某事 【语境应用】单句语法填空。 1) Some people suspected him _________ theft. 2) The police suspected the designer _________ (be) the murderer. 3) Two _________ (suspect) in connection with the killing are now being questioned. 4) They suspected me of _________ (have) something to do with the affair. 5) you’ll need to convince them _________ the convenience of using credit cards to buy things. blame v. to think or say that somebody/something is responsible for something bad 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. responsibility for doing something badly or wrongly; saying that somebody is responsible for something 责备; 指责 【常用搭配】 (1) blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任 be to blame for 应承担……的责任；因……该受责备 (2) accept/ bear/ take blame for 对某事负责；承担责任 put/ lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事的责任推到某人身上 【语境应用】单句语法填空。 1) She doesn’t’t blame anyone _________ her father’s death. 2) The narrator was _________ (blame) for the misunderstanding. 3) We were ready to take the blame _________ what had happened. 4) They think the blame should be placed _________ the conductor. was to blame 不定式的主动形式表示被动的含义 (1) n.+ be+ adj.+to do 这个结构中常用表特征或性质的形容词，如difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。句子的主语与不定式是被动关系，形容词表示主语的特征或性质，用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。 e.g. The question was very difficult to answer. (2) n.+ be+ too + adj. + to do e.g. The thing is too small to see. (3) n. + be + adj. + enough to do e.g. The box is light enough to carry. 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) The expert said that the polluted air _____________ for this disease. 这位专家说污染的空气是这种疾病的罪魁祸首。 2) Modern methods of/ for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 自20世纪80年代中期以来，才采用追踪北极熊种群的现代方法，而且在一个大区域内持续进行，花费是巨大的。 3) today’s homework was easy ________ (do), so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play. 今天的家庭作业很容易做，所以迈克很快就做完了，然后出去玩了。 教材原句：6. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Handle n. the part of a door, window, etc. that you use to open it 把手；拉手 the part of an object that you use for holding it 柄 e.g. turn the handle the handle of a knife v. to deal with a situation, a person, an area of work or a strong emotion 处理, 应付(局势、人、工作或感情) to touch, hold or move sth. with your hands 触, 拿, 搬动 to control a vehicle, an animal, a tool, etc 控制, 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) e.g. She’s very good at handling her patients. Wear rubber gloves when handling cat litter. I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car. 【常用搭配】 handle sth. well / perfectly / badly/ poorly 处理某事好/完美/不好/很差 handle a problem 处理问题 handle difficult customers 应付难对付的顾客 handle the situation well 很好地应对局势 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) The public never had faith in his ability __________ (handle) the job. 公众从来不相信他有能力胜任这一职位。 2) We got into trouble because none of us knew how __________ (handle) the machine. 我们遇到了麻烦，因为我们都不知道如何操作这台机器。 3) ___________________ (转动把手) and you will open the safe. have sth. done 使某事被……(可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做); (主语)遭遇/ 经历某种不幸的事 have sth. done 结构中，过去分词作宾补。用过去分词作宾补表示被动或动作已经完成。 have sth. done 可表四种不同的意义： (1) (主语) 请/ 派别人完成某事； (2) (主语) 完成某事(可能参与)； (3) (主语) 遭受某种不幸的情况； (4) 用于否定句中，表示“不允许……”“不让” 【拓展】：have sb. to sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人去做某事 have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事(动作延续) 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph__________(take). 我需要一个新护照，所以我得去让人给我照相。 2) You’d better have the old furniture __________ (remove) out of the room. 你最好找人把这些旧家具从房间里搬出去。 教材原句：7. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. link n. a connection between two or more people or things 联系 a relationship between two or more people, countries or organizations 纽带 e.g. Is there a link between smoking and the disease? Each link that makes up a chain is equally important. link v. to make a physical or electronic connection between one object, machine, place, etc. and another 把……连接起来 to links two things, facts or situations, or they are linked, they are connected in some way 相关联 【常用搭配】 link… to… 与……连接；联系 link…with… 将……和……连接(系)在一起 e.g. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland. I have heard his name linked with that of a well-known person. 【语境应用】 单句语法填空。 1) Regular air traffic links the city _________ the rest of the country. 2) High unemployment is not necessarily linked _________ the rise in prices. 3) There are a lot of wireless _________ (link) in a radio. 4) The television camera _________ (link) to a computer. 教材原句：8. Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. decrease v. to become smaller in size, number, etc.; to make something smaller in size, number, etc. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 【常用搭配】 decrease (from…) to… 减少到…… decrease by … 减少了……(表示减少的量) decease in … 在……方面减少 e.g. The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year. Average house prices decreased by 13% last year. This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year. n. the process of reducing something; the amount that something is reduced by 减少; 降低；减少量 【常用搭配】 a decrease in… ……的减少 on the decrease 在减少 【语境应用】单句语法填空。 1) The number of students in each class is _________ the decrease. 2) The decrease _________ sales was almost 20 percent. 3) The production of wheat has decreased _________ 20% because of the dry weather. 4) The latest warm period has caused the number of glaciers to decrease _________ 150 in 1850 to 26 today. 教材原句：9. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. thanks to with the help of; because of 幸亏，由于 e.g. Thanks to your help, we succeeded． It was all a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work. 【辨析】：thanks to, owing to, due to, because of thanks to “多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达正面意思 (接近于原 意 “感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。 作状语 owing to “由于、因为”，可置于句首或句末。 常作状语、表语 due to 表示原因，可与owing to 互换 常作表语、状语或定语 because of 着重某个结果的原因 常作状语 【语境应用】辨析填空：thanks to/ due to/ because of /owing to 1) He was out of work _________________________ a physical injury. 2) Most of the problems were _________________________ human error. 3) _____________________________ your help, I got the position advertised in the newspaper. 4) The town was cut off from the rest of the world _________________________ heavy snow. 教材原句：10. moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. 1) transform vt. to change the form of something; to change in form 使改变形态 to completely change in appearance or character 使改观 【常用搭配】 transform … (from…) into … 把……变成…… transform … with … 用……来改变…… e.g. This equipment can transform light into energy. We can transform the world with our knowledge. transform vi. to change them completely and suddenly so that they are much better or more attractive 改变；转变 e.g. The sofa can transform for use as a bed. 【拓展】 transformation n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数) transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的 transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) They successfully ______________________________ (把这家公司变成) a global one. 2) The art gallery ___________________________ (由……改造而成) an old railway station. 3) It's said that the shape of such a toy ___________________ (是可变形的). 4) His attitude to life has gone through a(n) _____________ (改变). 2) the way+定语从句 way作“方式，方法”讲，后接定语从句。 关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词用that, in which或省略。 e.g. The way (that/ in which) he did it attracted me. 关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词用that或which (作宾语时关系词可省略)。 e.g. I did it in the way (that/ which) you told me. Keys 原句1: 1) on 2) with 3) severely 原句2: 1)died from 2) die of 原句3: 1) contradictory 2) contradictory 3) contradicting himself 4)to 原句4: 1) to 2) subscription 3) subscriber 原句5: suspect: 1) of 2) to be 3) suspects 4) having 5) of blame: 1) for 2) to blame 3) for 4) on was to blame: 1) was to blame 2) to perform 4) to do 原句6：handle:1) to handle 2) to handle 3) Turn the handle have sth. done: 1) taken 2) removed 原句7: 1) to 2) with 3) links 4) is linked 原句8: 1) on 2) in 3) by 4) from 原句9: 1) due to/owing to/because of 2) due to/owing to 3) Thanks to/Owing to/Because of 4) due to/owing to 原句10: transform 1) transformed the company into 2) was transformed from 3) is transformable 4) transformation the way+定语从句 1) in which / that / 省略 2) that/which/省略 3) which / that 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$