Unit 3 备课单 教师版 2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级上册

Unit Three Part One: Grammar I. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成 1. 规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节末尾-er; -est tall short taller shorter tallest shortest 以不发音的 e 结尾的单音节和少数以 结尾的双音节词只加-r; , -st nice large simple nicer larger simpler nicest largest simplest 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -est big hot thin fat slim bigger hotter thinner fatter slimmer biggest hottest thinnest fattest slimmest 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的双音节词，变 y 为 i ，再加-er; -est lovely, friendly, lively两种均可 heavy easy busy early funny heavier easier busier earlier funnier heaviest easiest busiest earliest funniest 少数以-er,-ow 结尾的双音节词末尾加-er; -est clever narrow cleverer narrower cleverest narrowest 其它双音节和多音节词，在原级前加more; the most ， 尤其以-ing; able; -ed; -ly 结尾的词；特殊的often; tired; fun important exciting interested quickly fun often comfortable more important more exciting more interested more quickly more fun more often more comfortable most important most exciting most interested most quickly most fun most often most comfortable 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good; well better best bad; badly; ill worse worst old older/elder oldest/eldest much/many more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 二、用法 1. 同级比较 （两者程度一样） 肯定句 as + 原级 as ( 和……一样 ) 否定句 not as/ so +原级……..as（与 …….不同） e.g. He swims as well as his brother. She draws as carefully as her teacher. He doesn’t do his work so carefully as his classmates. She isn’t so careful as her mother . 2. 比较级（两者之间进行比较） ① 主语+谓语+比较级+ than +比较部分 e.g. Jim gets up earlier than me. Jack is cleverer than his brother . It is hotter today than yesterday. She does her work more carefully than others. ② Which is +比较级， A or B? Who is + 比较级， A or B? e.g：Which subject do you like better, English or Chinese? Who is heavier, your father or your mother? ③ 越…….就越……… e.g. The harder you study, the better grades you can get. The sooner, the better. The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. The more you eat, the fatter you will become. The less exercise you take, the heavier you will be. ④ 越来越（比较级连用） e.g. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. She becomes more and more beautiful. The weather gets hotter and hotter. ⑤ of结构的比较级 e.g. Of the two boys, Tom is the more outgoing. Lucy is the cleverer of the twins. Of my parents, my father is the busier. She is the funnier of the twin sisters. ※ 比较级使用注意： 1. 修饰比较级的词 ① 程度加深 even, much, a lot, far, a little, a bit e.g. She looks much younger than her real age. He feels even worse after taking the medicine. My little brother is a lot heavier than his classmates. My hair is a little longer than yours. She seems a bit more excited about the news than her son. ② 数量修饰 e.g. His house is twice bigger than mine. She is two years older than me. My deskmate reached school five minutes earlier than me. My baby is two kilos heavier than hers. My home is ten kilometers farther from school than yours. 2. 注意比较范围 e.g. Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan. ( 范围外) Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. ( 范围内 ) Jiang Lei is cleverer than any student in Class4. ( 范围外 ) Jiang Lei is cleverer than any other student in Class14. ( 范围内 ) 3. 对称原则 e.g. The weather in Chongqing is much hotter than that in Beijing. The apples on the tree look much bigger than those in the basket. The things in these stores are a lot more expensive than those in the small shops. The box on the table is more beautiful than the one in your hand. The buildings in Chongqing are far taller than the ones in New Zealand. Her lifestyle is a bit healthier than mine. She has longer hair than I do/ I/ me. 4. 同级比较的否定与比较级的转换 This movie isn’t so interesting as that one. =This movie is less interesting than that one. 5. many, much, few, little 不作表语 e.g. She has more friends that I do. I have fewer apples than you, but mine are better than yours. 6. many more+复数名词 many more books much more+不可数名词 much more money （more表数量） 7. 不再 not …any longer = no longer ；not ….any more = no more 3. 最高级 (三者及以上比较) ① 基本用法：Which / Who is + 最高级，A, B or C? Who is the heaviest, Tom, Jack or Tony? Which is the biggest country, Canada, China or Russia? ② 特殊句型: A. one of +最高级+复数名词 Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. She is one of the most hard-working girls in our class. B. the + 序数词+ 最高级 Huanghe River is the second longest river in China. C. This/ It is + 最高级 + that … This is the best movie that I have ever seen. This is the most beautiful place that I have ever been to. Jack is the cleverest boy that I have ever met. D. 与比较级的转换 China is the biggest country in Asia. =China is bigger than any other country in Asia. =China is bigger than the other countries in Asia. 最高级使用注意： 1. 形容词最高级前加定冠词the, 副词最高级前可以不加the He isn’t the tallest in his class, but he jumps farthest. 2. of/ among +比较对象 in+地点 Of all the animals on land, elephants are the biggest. He is the most handsome among all the players. Jack is the cleverest of all the boys. Shanghai is the largest city in China. Li Lei is the tallest boy in our class. Part Two: Words and Expressions 1. outgoing adj. more outgoing/ the most outgoing an outgoing boy/ girl 2. both 1) adv. 位于 be动词,情态动词后，行为动词前 My parents are both good at cooking Chinese food. They both think Chinese is hard to learn. 2) adj. on both sides=on either side= on each side 3) pron. both of ….. Both of my grandparents enjoy reading newspapers. =My grandparents both enjoy reading newspapers. Both of her sisters are teachers. =Her sisters are both teachers. 4) prep. both A and B Both my father and my mother are strict with me. Both her teacher and her father make her study harder than before. 3. better be better at…./ do better in 4. loudly adv. more loudly; most loudly laugh loudly / talk loudly / sing loudly/ knock at the door loudly aloud adv. read aloud / say aloud loud adj. in a loud voice / in a low voice adv. Please speak louder so that we can hear you clearly. 5. quietly adv. more quietly/ most quietly walk into the room quietly quiet adj. keep quiet/ be quiet live somewhere quiet 6. hard-working adj. more hard-working; the most hard-working My parents are more hard-working than I am. hard work 困难的工作 This is hard work. Everybody needs to try their best. work hard 努力工作 She works so hard that she feels very tired. 7. competition n. singing competition/ drawing competition/ reading competition take part in the competition/ join in the competition win the competition 8. clearly adv. speak clearly/ understand clearly/ sing clearly / hear clearly/ see clearly e.g. He spoke so clearly that everybody could understand him. She sings more clearly than other singers. Could you please speak louder. We can’t hear you clearly. Something is wrong with my eyes. I can’t see things far-away clearly. clear adj. a clear voice/ clear water 9. win v. win—won winner 获胜者 win the competition/ win the game/ win the match win the first prize/ win the gold prize/ win the silver prize/ win one million beat( 击败 ) sb. in… He beat me in the table tennis match. 10. though 位置可句首，句中，句末 although 位于句中，句首 He bought the house. He wasn’t rich enough, though. I passed the test. I wasn’t hard-working enough , though. Though she feels very tired, she keeps studying . There were still a lot of people in the street, though it was already 10pm. 11. talented adj. be talented in(有天赋) music/ sports/ piano/ study… talent n. =show/ have talent in music/ singing/dancing/ drawing talent show 才艺表演 a boy with talent一个有天赋的男孩 12. truly adv. --- true adj. I truly want to share something with you. She is truly talented in drawing. You should know that you parents truly care about you. 13. care 1) n. take care of (照顾 ) = look after show care to sb. 给某人关爱 2) v. care sth. / care about sth./sb. I don’t care what others say about me. She doesn’t care much about money. You needn’t care too much about the small differences between them. care for care for sb. = look after sb. = take care of sb. 照顾 care for 喜爱 careful adj. 仔细的 Be more careful and you can get better grades. Be careful, or you may hit the car. ( Take care/ Look out) Of the two boys, John is the more careful. carefully adv. 仔细地，认真地 The more carefully you do things, the fewer mistakes you will make. =The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. Llisten to our teacher carefully in class, or you may miss some important points. 14. laugh vi. laugh loudly 高声笑; smile vi. 微笑 smile at sb. laugh at sb. 嘲笑 It’s impolite to laugh at others. 15. serious adj. 严肃的 ； 严重的 a serious illness/ a serious accident Of my parents, my father is the more serious. seriously adv. 严肃地、严重地 He was seriously ill, so he had to see the doctor. 对…严肃认真 take … seriously = be serious about 16. as long as 只要 (主将从现 ) You can pass the test as long as you work hard. She can catch the first bus as long as she starts off before seven. You can make friends with your kids as long as you truly care about them. 17. necessary（拼写） adj. 必要的，必须的 ---- unnecessary It’s necessary for us to drink enough water every day. It’s necessary to have enough sleep at night. I thought it unnecessary to take so much money with you. 18. bring out 使显露 Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. Our teachers always try their best to bring out our interest in their subjects. Practice can help bring out our talent in something. 19. grade n. 1) Grade One/ Grade Two 2) get good grades 取得好成绩 The harder you study, the better grades you can get. 20. should + do We should learn from each other and help each other. Everybody should try their best to do everything well. 21. reach n. in one’s reach 触手可及 out of one’s reach 够不着 We should put the medicine out of children’s reach. vi. 伸出 He reached out his hands to help his classmates. vt. reach= get to = arrive in/at 到达 When he reached the airport, he found his wife waiting for him at the gate. reach home/here/there=get home/here/there= arrive home/here/there 22. hand n. hand in hand 手牵手 by hand 手工 v. hand sth. to sb. Please hand the hammer to me, Tom. hand in 上交 hand out 分发 23. heart n. learn sth. by heart 用心学… touch one’s heart 感动内心 24. in fact = actually = as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上 In fact, she doesn’t know anything about his family. 25. break v. ---broke break the glass/ break the rules/ break the law break down 抛锚 / break out 爆发 / break into 破门而入 She was so tired that she almost broke down. A fire broke out on the fifth floor of the building. Someone broke into the house and stole a lot of things. 26. share vt. share sth. with sb. 与…分享… We should learn to share something with others. 27. be similar to Her lifestyle is similar to mine. be different from 与…不同 be the same as 与…相同 28. information un. some information/ a piece of information a lot of information/ lots of/ much information We can get a lot of information by reading newspapers and watching TV. 课文难点： 1. The most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. ( 不定式做表语) 2. I don’t really care if(是否) my friends are the same as me or different. 3. Larry is much less hard-working than me, though. = Larry isn’t so hard-working as me, though. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$