03 专题三 动词 第3讲 情态动词和虚拟语气 课件-2024届高三英语一轮复习

第3讲 情态动词和虚拟语气 第二部分 语法专项复习 词法篇专题三 动词 1 1. （经典高考）I can't find my purse. I _______________（leave） it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. could have left [解析] 句意：我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市里了， 但我不确定。根据句中的yesterday和but I'm not sure可知，设空处是 对过去发生的事情的推测，需用could have left。 2. （经典高考）Truly elegant chopsticks might_________（make） of gold and silver with Chinese characters. be made [解析] 根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。设空处位于情态动词might后， 故填be made。 真题演练 2 3. （经典高考）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we_____________________（have） a good time together. would/could have had [解析] 句意：你错过了这次游览，否则我们就可以一起度过一段愉快 的时光了。根据关键词or可知，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语应 用would/could have had。 4. （经典高考）If we____________（catch） the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. had caught [解析] 句意：如果昨天我们赶上了那趟航班，我们现在就正在沙滩上享 受我们的假期了。If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，应用过去完成时。 3 必备知识 考点1 情态动词 1.情态动词的基本用法 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示能力，意为“能，会” （外研选必二 Unit 1）At a glance I can distinguish China from Arizona. 我一眼就能分辨中国和亚利桑 那。 4 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示推测，意为“可能”， 往往用于否定句或疑问 句中。can比could语气强 That can't be Mary—she is in London now. 那不可能是玛丽——她现在在 伦敦。 续表 5 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示客观可能性，意为 “有时候会”，多用于肯定 句 Credit cards provide us with lots of convenience, but sometimes they can lead to problems.信用卡给我们提供许 多方便，但有时候会带来一些 问题。 续表 6 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示礼貌地提出请求， 意为“能，可以”。在疑问 句中，could可代替can, 语气更委婉 Can you tell us your recipe for happiness and a long life? 你能告诉我们你幸福和长寿的 秘诀吗？ 固定句式： can't...too/over，意为 “无论……也不过 分”“越……越好” I can't thank you too much for all your help to my son. 我非常感谢你对我儿子的帮 助。 续表 7 情态动词 用法 例句 may/might 表示许可和请求，在疑 问句中might比may的语 气更委婉 Might/May I have a word with you? It won't take long. 我可以和你说句话吗？不会耽 误很长时间。 表示推测，意为 “可能，或许”，用于肯定 句和否定句中 （人教选必二 Unit 2）Some students might even encounter problems with personal safety. 有些学生甚至可能遭遇人身安 全问题。 续表 8 情态动词 用法 例句 may/might 固定句式：may/might as well+动词原形，意为 “不妨；倒不如……” Since it is raining hard, you may/might as well stay here. 既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如 待在这儿。 续表 9 情态动词 用法 例句 must 表示义务、必要性等， 意为“必须”，其否定式 mustn't 意为“禁止” You must finish the task before the deadline.你必须在 截止日期前完成这个任务。 You mustn't play football in the street.你绝对不能在街上踢 足球。 续表 情态动词 用法 例句 must 表示猜测、推测，意为 “想必，一定”，常用于肯 定句中 You must be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years. 你肯定是卡萝尔。这么多年过 去了，你一点儿都没变。 表示偏执、固执，意为 “非得，偏要” If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over. 如果你非要走，至少要等到暴 风雨停了。 续表 11 情态动词 用法 例句 shall 用于第一、第三人称疑 问句中，表示说话人征 求对方的意见或向对方 请示 Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow? 要我告诉布雷特明天放学后直 接过来吗？ 用于第二、第三人称陈 述句中，表示说话人给 对方的命令、警告、允 诺或威胁 One of our rules is that every student shall wear the school uniform while at school.我们 的规定之一就是每名学生在校 期间都必须穿校服。 续表 12 情态动词 用法 例句 should 表示劝告或建议，意为 “应该” （外研选必四 Unit 4）You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with.你应该知道自己以 及与你共事的人的极限。 表示推测、可能性或预 期，意为“应该；可能” He should be here on time— he started early enough. 他应该按时到这里的——他出 发得足够早。 续表 13 情态动词 用法 例句 should 表示惊奇、失望、遗 憾、愤怒等情绪，意为 “竟然；居然” It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission.简直是 太奇怪了,他竟然未得到主人的 允许就把这些书拿走了。 续表 14 情态动词 用法 例句 will/would 表示意志、意愿或某种 倾向性，will指现在， would指过去 I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. 我已再三告诉他戒烟，但他就 是不听。 续表 情态动词 用法 例句 will/would 表示习惯性动作，意为 “总是”，will指现在， would指过去 I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends.我仍旧记得我快 乐的童年，那时我妈妈经常在 周末带我去迪士尼乐园。 续表 16 情态动词 用法 例句 will/would 表示征求意见或提出请 求，多用于第二人称疑 问句中，would比will语 气委婉 Will/Would you please let me have a look at your new watch? 请让我看看你的新手表好吗？ 续表 17 情态动词 用法 例句 need need表示必要性，常用于 疑问句和否定句中， needn't表示“不必” My room is in a mess, but I needn't clean it before I go out tonight. 我的房间乱糟糟的，不过我今 天晚上出门之前没必要打扫 它。 续表 18 情态动词 用法 例句 dare dare意为“敢，敢于”，主 要用于疑问句、否定句 和条件从句中 How dare you leave your home without your parents' permission? 在没有征得你父母许可的情况 下你怎么敢离开家？ 续表 情态动词 用法 例句 ought to 表示“应该（义务）” I think I ought to get back to work.我想我应该重新开始 工作了。 have to 表示“不得不 （客观需要）” Michael is tired and he has to rest after his long trip. 迈克尔累了，他在长途旅行之 后不得不休息。 续表 20 对过 去的 推测 must have done 一定做过某 事 Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must have practised many times last week.保罗在演讲 比赛中表现得很好。他上周一定练 习了很多次。 2.情态动词+have done 21 对过 去的 推测 can't/couldn't have done 过去不可能 做过…… George can't have gone too far. His coffee is still warm. 乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡还 是温的呢。 may/might （not）have done 过去可能 （没）做 过…… I thought you might have invited her over. 我想你大概已经邀请她过来。 续表 22 对过去 情况的 后悔、 遗憾或 责备 could have done 本来能够做 但却未做 You could have helped me yesterday, but you didn't. 你昨天本可以帮我的，但 你没有帮我。 should have done 本来应该做 但是实际上 未做 You should have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习 的。 续表 23 对过去 情况的 后悔、 遗憾或 责备 shouldn't have done 本来不应该 做而实际上 做了 You shouldn't have cheated in the exam yesterday. 你昨天考试本不应该作弊 的。 needn't have done 本来没必要 做却做了 You needn't have told him that.你本来用不着告诉 他那个的。 续表 24 1.虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 主句谓语动词 从句谓语动词 例句 与现在事 实相反 should/would/co uld/might+do 过去式 （be用were） If I were at school again， I would study harder. 如果我再次上学的话，我 会更加努力学习。 考点2 虚拟语气 25 主句谓语动词 从句谓语动词 例句 与过去事 实相反 should/would/co uld/might+have done had+done If I had adopted his advice last week, I would have passed that exam.如果上周我采纳了 他的建议，我就能通过那 场考试了。 续表 26 主句谓语动词 从句谓语动词 例句 与将来事 实相反 should/would/co uld/might+do 过去式/were to do/should+do If it should rain tomorrow, we wouldn't get involved in the voluntary activity.如果明 天下雨，我们就不会参与 志愿活动了。 续表 27 2.含蓄虚拟语气 有时，假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某 些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类 词或短语有without（要是）没有；but for要不是；otherwise/or否则等。 But for （=If it hadn't been for） your generous help, I wouldn't have made so much progress.要不是你的慷慨帮助，我就不会取得那 么大的进步了。 The workers were not better organized.Otherwise （=If not） they would have accomplished the task in half the time.工人们没有被更好 地组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。 28 特别提醒 有时用错综时间来表达假设或某种遗憾。 If I had studied harder, I would be in a better college now.如果我当 初学习再刻苦一点，我现在就能在一所更好的大学了。 29 3.虚拟语气在从句中的用法 在表示要求、命令、建议等动词后接的宾语从句中，以及表示上 述意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“（should+） 动词原形”。常见的此类动词有一坚持（insist）、二命令 （order, command）、三要求（require, demand, request）、四建议 （suggest, advise, propose, recommend）。 30 I suggest you （should）read The Moonstone as a start.我建议你 （应该）阅读《月亮宝石》作为开始。 My suggestion was that necessary measures （should） be taken to protect the children from dangerous situations.我的建议是采取必要措 施来保护儿童免受危险的境遇。 31 易错提示 （1）当suggest作“暗示，表明”讲，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用 陈述语气。 （2）在“It is/was+adj./done+that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用 “（should+）动词原形”。常见的形容词或过去分词有important、 necessary、strange、urgent、suggested、required、ordered、advised、 requested、demanded等。 It is necessary that we （should）clean the room every day.我们每 天打扫房间是有必要的。 32 （3）wish后的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟；用 “would/could+动词原形”表示对将来的虚拟；用过去完成时表示对过去 的虚拟。 We will go shopping tomorrow. I wish you would go with us.我们明 天要去购物，我真希望你同我们一起去。 I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket. 我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。 33 （4）would rather后的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的 虚拟；用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。 I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.我宁愿他前天和我去了海边。 34 句式 现在 过去 将来 if only引导的条件从句及感 叹句 过去式 had+过去 分词 would/could/might +动词原形 as if/though引导的表语从句 及方式状语从句 过去式 had+过去 分词 / It is （high/about） time that... 过去式或should+动词原形 4.其他句式中的虚拟语气 35 If only we had taken our teacher's advice! 要是我们听从老师的建议该多好！ Mary's description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I had been there.玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动,以至于我觉得我好像去 过那里一样。 It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem.确实到了我们采取一些措施来解决这个问题的时候了。 36 分层特训 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. John wants to see me now, but I have so much work in hand that I would rather he______（come） tomorrow than today. came [解析] 句意:约翰现在想看我,但是我手头有很多工作,所以我宁愿他明 天来而不是今天。would rather后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气,表示与将来 事实相反的愿望用一般过去时。 37 2. When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I______________（answer） your call. had answered [解析] 句意:当你给我打电话的时候,我正在开会。我多么希望我（之前） 接了你的电话。此处wish后的从句用虚拟语气,根据句意可知是对过去 情况的虚拟,故填had answered。 3. The suggestion that the new rule________________________ （develop） came from the chairman. （should） be developed [解析] suggestion在表示“建议”时,其后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气,其谓 语构成是“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。本题中develop与the new rule 之间为被动关系,故填（should）be developed。 38 4. It is high time that you_________________________（consider） that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. considered/should consider [解析] 在It is high time that...句式中,从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用过 去式或“should+动词原形”。 5. You didn't let me drive.If we___________（take） turns driving, you wouldn't have got so tired. had taken [解析] 此处是对过去情况的虚拟。if 引导的条件状语从句的谓语动词 用“had done”,主句谓语动词用“should/would/could/might+have done”。 39 A Recently, residents in a youth apartment building in downtown Shenzhen have planted the seed, cultivating 1.___ unique city lifestyle. They can farm their own land, which can 2.____________ （access） just an elevator ride away to the top of their building.There they can grow vegetables, while 3._______________（communicate） with other renters and taking in the skyline of the city. a be accessed communicating Ⅱ.语法填空 40 Huang Suyun, the founder of the youth apartment building, 4._________ （see） positive changes in her own life since “farming” and other social activities were introduced to the rooftop of it. 5.____________（additional）, the experience of tending the gardens allows her 6._________ （make） friends and get to know others who either live in the building or visit from outside. The rooftop heaven covers a total area of 450 square meters and consists 7.___ a sightseeing zone, a shaded leisure area as well as the urban farming section.“There's space to exercise, like doing yoga at has seen Additionally to make of the leisure zone, and then to walk over to check the vegetables,” says Xie Jing, an architect 8._________ undertook the project. Nowadays, it is suggested that a social life that aims to promote environmental protection and personal health 9._____________________ （seek） by urban residents, which is good news for sustainability and community activity development. If people stick to a green life, our planet 10.____________ （become） a better place in the future. who/that （should） be sought will become a [解析] 考查冠词。句意：最近，深圳市中心一栋青年公寓的居民种下 了种子，形成了一种独特的城市生活方式。空后lifestyle为可数名词， 且此处泛指“一种生活方式”，应用不定冠词，unique的发音以辅音音素 开头，故填a。 2. ____________ be accessed [解析] 考查谓语动词的语态。此处which指代前文的their own land， 与access之间为被动关系，且空前有情态动词can，故填be accessed。 1. ___ 43 communicating [解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处可看作while引导的时间状语从句的省略 形式“while （they are） communicating with other renters and taking in the skyline of the city”，其中communicating with other renters和 taking in the skyline of the city为并列关系，故填communicating。 4. _________ has seen [解析] 考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：自从“种植”和其他社 交活动在公寓顶楼开始以来，青年公寓楼的建设者Huang Suyun已经看 到了自己生活的积极改变。Huang Suyun为主语，表示单数意义，根据 后文的since...it可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has seen。 3. _______________ 44 Additionally [解析] 考查副词。置于句首，修饰整个句子使用副词形式，故填 Additionally。注意：首字母大写。 6. _________ to make [解析] 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.意为 “允许某人做某事”。故填to make。 7. ___ of [解析] 考查介词。固定搭配consist of意为“由……构成”。 8. _________ who/that [解析] 考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为Xie Jing，指人，定语从句 缺少主语，故填who或that。 5. ____________ 45 （should） be sought [解析] 考查虚拟语气和动词的语态。此处为固定句型：it is suggested that+主语+（should） do。从句的主语a social life与seek构成被动关系， 应使用被动语态，故填 （should） be sought。 10. ____________ will become [解析] 考查时态。根据主句中的时间状语in the future可知此处表将来， 故填will become。 9. _____________________ 46 B We live in a vast, complex world, 1._______ new species are being discovered all the time. Yet even as these 2.________（exist） creatures are being discovered, the increasing human population, climate change, habitat destruction, hunting and the over-exploitation of wildlife mean countless numbers of animals 3._________________ （push） currently to the edge of extinction.Without the factors, many rare animals 4.________________________________（continue） living at present. where existing are being pushed should/would/could/might continue 47 Scientists 5._______________ （estimate） so far that over the course of Earth's history, anywhere between 1 and 4 billion species have existed. The natural extinction rate describes how fast plants, mammals, birds and insects 6.___________（die） off if humans weren't in the picture. It is estimated that today species are disappearing at almost 1,000 times the natural rate, which 7._______（mean） we're losing around 150-200 species every single day. would die means have estimated Choosing animals which are likely to go extinct before your children have the opportunity 8._______（see） them is a discouraging task. By only picking 10, we have to leave out countless other animals that are facing similar depressing circumstances. 9._____ millions of other species, many never known to science, are also likely to die out in the coming decades.Thus, it is high time that immediate measures 10.___________________________（take）to prevent such a thing from happening. to see But should be taken/were taken where [解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，world为先行词，后接非限 制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 2. ________ existing [解析] 考查形容词。形容词作名词creatures的定语，existing表示 “现存的”。 1. _______ 50 3. _________________ [解析] 考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知， mean后接宾语从句，从句的主语countless numbers of animals表示复数 意义，与动词push构成被动关系。根据状语currently可知应用现在进行 时，故填are being pushed。 4. ________________________________ should/would/could/might continue [解析] 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有这些因素，很多稀有动物现在 会继续存在。根据时间状语at present可知此处是对现在的虚拟，故填 should/would/could/might continue。 are being pushed 51 have estimated [解析] 考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主句的主语Scientists 表示复数意义，与动词estimate构成主动关系；根据时间状语so far可知 此处应用现在完成时。故填have estimated。 6. ___________ would die [解析] 考查虚拟语气。根据后文if humans weren't in the picture可知 此处用虚拟语气，表示对现在的虚拟，故填would die。 5. _______________ 52 means [解析] 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处在定语从句中作谓语，从 句的主语which指代前面的内容，表示单数意义，谓语动词应用单数形 式；根据上下文时态可知用一般现在时。故填means。 8. _______ to see [解析] 考查非谓语动词。have the opportunity to do sth.有做某事的机 会。 7. _______ 53 But [解析] 考查连词。句意：但数以百万计的其他物种，即许多科学界从 未知道过的物种，也可能在未来几十年灭绝。设空处前后为转折关系， 句首单词首字母大写，故填But。 10. ___________________________ should be taken/were taken [解析] 考查虚拟语气和动词的语态。句意：因此，现在应该立即采取 措施防止这样的事情发生。此处为固定句型：it is high time that+主语 +should+动词原形/动词的过去式。从句的主语immediate measures与动 词take构成被动关系，应使用被动语态，故填should be taken或were taken。 9. _____ 54 Ⅰ.用虚拟语气升级下列句子 1. I am not in Beijing now, so I can't accompany you to the bookstore. →If I were in Beijing now，___________________________________ ____________. I would accompany you to the bookstore 2. I didn't sign up for the English contest, so I missed the chance to improve my oral English. →If I had signed up for the English contest, ____________________________________________________________. I wouldn't have missed the chance to improve my oral English 语法链接写作 55 3. It is time for human beings to take proper measures to keep the balance of nature. →It is high time that human beings _____________________________ ___________ to keep the balance of nature. took/should take proper measures 4. Thanks to your help, I have improved my oral English rapidly. →But for your help, __________________________________________ ______. I couldn't have improved my oral English rapidly 5. I wish I had read and replied to your e-mail as soon as I received it！ →If only_____________________________________________________ __________! I had read and replied to your e-mail as soon as I received it 56 1. （2023·全国乙卷）But for that unforgettable experience, _____________________________________________________________ ___________（我就不会意识到耐心和坚持的重要性）. I wouldn't/couldn't have realized the importance of patience and persistence 2. （2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷）“If you hadn't encouraged me, ______________________________________（我是不会参加赛跑 的），” he said. I wouldn't have taken part in the race 3. （2022·全国乙卷）It's urgent that _____________________________ _______________________________（学生们自己也应该提高他们的自 律能力）. students themselves（should）also improve their self-discipline Ⅱ.用虚拟语气完成或翻译下列句子 57 4. （2021·北京卷）____________________________________________ _______________（我将非常感激） if you could listen to my explanation. 5. Most importantly, it's vital ___________________________________ _________（你应该注意餐桌礼仪）. I would be very grateful/I would greatly appreciate it that you （should） mind your table manners 6. （2022·全国甲卷）的确到了我们采取有效措施保护海洋的时候了。 _____________________________________________________________ __________________ It is high time that we took/should take effective measures to protect the ocean. 58 Dear Mr. Smith, I'm Li Hua, chairman of the Students' Union. I'm writing to inform you that an English speech contest will be held in the lecture hall next Friday. If you are available at that time, could you accept our invitation to be one of the judges of the contest? The topic of the speech contest is “Stop Wasting Food”.We think it is vital that 1.____________________________________________________________ we （should） raise students' awareness of reducing food waste Ⅲ.用虚拟语气完成下面的短文 59 （我们应该提高学生减少食物浪费的意识） and sense of responsibility. We wish 2.____________________________________________________________ _____（每个学生都会采取行动与食物浪费做斗争） on campus. 3._____________________________________________（我们将非 常感激） if you could accept our invitation. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua every student would/could take action to fight against food waste We would greatly appreciate it/be very grateful Thanks 61 $$