2025年云南省中考英语人教版一轮复习课件 专题一 名词

项目二 语法过关 专题一 名词 1 语法梳理 考点综合过关 2 3 考点1 名词词义辨析（必考） 考点复习 1.辨析news, message与information 单词 用法 news 不可数名词，意为“新闻”，是指通过广播、电视、报纸、 网络等新闻媒体向大众发布的最新消息，侧重“新” message 可数名词，意为“消息；口信”，一般指口头传递或者书写 的消息 information 不可数名词，意为“信息”，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或 书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料、咨询等 4 2.辨析voice， sound与noise 单词 用法 voice 不可数名词，通常侧重于“人的嗓音，人说话的声 音”或者“鸟的声音” sound 不可数名词，通常指大自然中的一切声音 noise 可用作可数或不可数名词，指代“噪声” 5 3.辨析race, match, game与sport 单词 用法 race 可数名词，侧重于竞速类的比赛 match 可数名词， match意为“竞赛，比赛”，多指正式比赛 game 可数名词， game的意思是“运动，比赛”，不管户内户 外还是脑力体力，指以胜负为主的运动 sport 可数名词， sport通常指“户外运动”，以锻炼为主，概 念较大 6 4.辨析matter, trouble, problem与question 单词 用法 matter 不可数名词，指“重要性，关系要紧不要紧”。常用句 型：What's the matter with you?（你怎么了？） trouble 不可数名词，指“麻烦，问题，事故或者意外”。常用短 语be in trouble，“陷入麻烦” problem 可数名词，指需要时间思考或者解决的“问题，疑问” question 可数名词，侧重于需要回答的“问题” 7 5.辨析work与job 单词 用法 work 不可数名词，通常指抽象意义的工作或者工作量 job 可数名词，通常指具体的工作，表示一份工作 6.辨析invitation, instruction与introduction 单词 用法 invitation 可数名词，意为“邀请” instruction 可数名词，意为“说明；指令” introduction 可数名词，意为“介绍” 8 对点过关 1.（2024·海南模拟）—Jack, will your family move to Shanghai? —Yes. My parents have made the ________.( ) C A. problem B. challenge C. decision D. move 2.（2024·新疆模拟）It's raining heavily. Please take the ________.( ) C A. stone B. flower C. umbrella D. postcard 9 3.（2024·重庆模拟）—I wonder if you've made a decision on the project， Eric. —Not yet. I can't make it until I have first hand ________ on prices.( ) A. information B. knowledge C. news D. education A 考点2 可数名词与不可数名词 考点复习 1.可数名词 可数名词复数形式的构成 （1）规则变化 11 名词特点 词尾加法 例词 一般情况下 直接加-s pear—pears banana—bananas 以-s， -x， -ch， -sh 结尾 加-es glass—glasses watch—watches box—boxes 以辅音字母加y结 尾 变y为i 再加-es family—families dictionary—dictionaries 12 名词特点 词尾加法 例词 以元音字母加y结 尾的 直接加-s boy—boys key—keys toy—toys 以“f或fe”结尾 变f或fe为v，再 加-es knife—knives wolf—wolves 助记口诀:他的妻子（wife）用一把刀（knife）和半（half）片树叶 （leaf）剥夺了狼（wolf）和贼（thief）的生命（life） 续表 13 名词特点 词尾加法 例词 以 o 结尾的 有生命的事物加 -es tomato—tomatoes potato—potatoes 无生命的事物加 -s photo—photos radio—radios 续表 （2）不规则变化 ①元音字母或词尾发生变化 man→men woman→women child→children foot→feet mouse→mice tooth→teeth Frenchman→Frenchmen postman→postmen Englishman →Englishmen fisherman→fishermen gentleman→gentlemen 15 ②单复数同形 sheep→sheep fish→fish Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese ③形式为单数,意义为复数的名词 people police ④形式为复数,意义为单数的名词 physics news maths the United States 16 2.不可数名词 液体 water， milk， juice， coffee， tea， wine， beer， soup， oil 食物 meat， fish， chicken， beef， pork， mutton, rice， salt， sugar， porridge， bread 材料/ 细小颗 粒物 metal， iron， paper， glass， cotton， silk， wool， wood， plastic, soil， sand， rain， hair 抽象 fun， joy， money， knowledge， advice， homework， housework， information， light， medicine， wind， sunshine， news， music... 17 （1）不可数名词的计量形式 数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词。如:a bottle of water一瓶水。 （2）数词决定量词的单复数形式 如:a piece of news一条新闻， two pieces of news两条新闻。 18 3.既可数又不可数 有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但含义不同，常见的有: 名词 可数 不可数 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 experience 经历 经验 exercise 练习题 锻炼 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 iron 熨斗 铁 life 生命 生活 light 电灯 光；光线 19 名词 可数 不可数 orange 橙子 橙汁 paper 试卷；论文 纸 radio 收音机 无线电广播 room 房间 空间 time 次数；倍数 时间 wood 树林 木头；木材 work 作品 工作 续表 20 对点过关 4.（2024·江西模拟）Spending too much ________ playing computer games is bad for your ________.( ) B A. time； eye B. time； eyes C. times； eye D. times； eyes 5.（2024·达州模拟）I want two kilos of ________.( ) C A. rices B. breads C. pork D. waters 21 6.（2024·贵阳模拟）The three ________ upstairs are too small to have enough ________ for a double bed.( ) A. room； room B. room； rooms C. rooms； room D. rooms； rooms C 考点3 名词所有格 考点复习 23 对点过关 7.（2024·宁夏模拟）This year, the family went camping on ________ Day,June 1st.( ) D A. Child B. Child's C. Children D. Children's 8.（2024·辽宁模拟）The movie shows ________ love for their children.( ) C A. parents B. parent's C. parents' D. parents's 24 9.（2024·广州模拟）Here is a picture ________ a girl. She is my sister.( ) A. in B. on C. for D. of D 10.（2024·上海模拟）________ father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world.( ) A A. Tony and Peter's B. Tony' and Peter C. Tony's and Peter's D. Tony's and Peter 考点4 名词作定语 考点复习 一般情况只变后者 apple trees， many boy students man和woman作定语都要变 men teachers， women doctors 26 对点过关 11.（原创）—It's said that the two ________ doctors have just come back from the hospital. —Yeah， I know them. They are both already in their ________.( ) C A. woman； sixty B. women； sixtieth C. women； sixties D. woman； sixties 27 一、单项填空 1.（2022·云南）Miss Li has lots of teaching ________.She has her own ways to make classes lively and interesting.( ) C A. exercise B. excitement C. experience D. environment 2.（2021·云南）Hi, Mom is a moving film. It has been on for several months in the ________.( ) D A. museum B. bank C. library D. cinema 28 3.（2019·云南）The earth is often called the ocean planet. Its surface is about 70 percent ________.( ) D A. land B. plants C. animals D. water 4.（2024·湖北模拟）It's dangerous for us to give too much ________ about ourselves on the Internet.( ) D A. message B. suggestions C. preparation D. information 5.（2024·内蒙古模拟）Thanks to his great ________， I succeeded in solving the problem at last.( ) B A. suggest B. suggestions C. advise D. advices 29 6.I recognized his ________ as soon as I heard it on the phone.( ) B A. noise B. voice C. sound D. song 7.—What's the ________ of Beijing Winter Olympics in 2022? —Together for a Shared Future!( ) C A. plan B. symbol C. theme D. sport 8.—Could you please tell me how I can make more friends? —Sure. I think being honest is the first ________.( ) A A. step B. score C. sense D. information 30 9.—Hello! May I speak to Tony, please? —Sorry, I'm afraid you have the wrong ________.( ) C A. telephone B. name C. number D. age 10.—How did you fix up the broken bicycle? —It's easy. I just followed the ________.( ) A A. instructions B. instruments C. interviews D. inventions 11.—Would you like something to drink, Judy? —Yes. Some ________ is OK.( ) D A. bread B. ice-cream C. salad D. milk 31 12.—Mr. Yang runs at least half an hour every day. —What a good ________! No wonder he looks fit.( ) A A. habit B. idea C. rule D. skill 13.Mr. Huang was born in Nanjing, but Suqian has become his second ________.( ) D A. family B. house C. village D. hometown 14.—Look! Mike does so well in his speech. —Yes, he has a（n） ________ for public speaking. ( ) B A. eye B. gift C. answer D. attention 32 15.Amy refused her friend's ________ because she had to take care of her grandma.( ) C A. tradition B. attention C. invitation D. action 16.—How do you improve your English ________? —I often talk with the persons whose mother language is English.( ) C A. population B. transportation C. pronunciation D. suggestion 33 17.Mike, a 7-year-old boy, has a great talent for ________.He can draw nice pictures though he has never learned it.( ) A A. art B. sport C. music D. science 18.—I've got a “C” in the English test. Can you give me some ________? —Of course. I think reading can help.( ) C A. messages B. information C. suggestions D. instructions 34 19.Yuan Longping was a world-famous scientist. Because of his achievements, rice ________ has been increased greatly.( ) A. population B. contribution C. production D. introduction C 二、根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 20.（2024·云南）It is sunny and _______ today. Let's go outside and fly kites.（wind） 21.（2024·云南）I like traveling because I can meet some ___________ people and things along the way.（interest） 22.（2023·云南）We're going to make vegetable salad. How many _________ do we need?（tomato） windy interesting tomatoes 36 23.（2023·云南）Life in a spaceship is hard, so an astronaut must have a ________body and mind.（health） 24.Tianwen-1 landed on Mars ____________ on May 15， 2021. （success） 25.We'd better not swim in rivers. It's ___________.（danger） healthy successfully dangerous 37 三、将括号中所给的汉语部分译成英语，注意使用适当的形式 26.（2024·云南）Lisa joined an _____________ to improve her speaking skills.（英语俱乐部） 27.（2023·云南）What a wonderful _______________ it was! Many young people were crazy about it.（足球赛） English club football match 28.（2023·云南）During the Spring Festival, Chinese people usually put paper cuttings on windows as symbols of wishes for ___________. （好运） good luck 38 29.（2022·云南）Visitors to Yunnan like to taste special dishes, such as flower cakes, Qiguo Chicken, ____________and so on.（米线） 30.（2021·云南）My grandpa likes drinking __________ a lot.（绿茶） 31.（2020·云南）Lots of tourists are amazed at the beauty of the _________in Yunnan.（蓝天） rice noodles green tea blue sky 39 $$