2025年云南省中考英语人教版一轮复习 专题七 介词

项目二 语法过关 专题七 介词 1 语法梳理 考点综合过关 2 3 考点1 介词的基本用法 考点复习 介词分类 1.根据结构分类 简单介词：由一个词构成的单一介词。如：for，at，in，on，of，to等。 复合介词：由两个词组合在一起的介词，也称合成介词。如：without, inside，outside，into，within 短语介词：由短语构成的介词。如because of，according to，thanks to等。 4 2.根据意义分类 表示地点的介词：at，behind，beside，near，on，in front of，across 等。 表示时间的介词：at， after，before，during，in，past，since，until 等。 表示原因的介词： for，with，from等。 表示手段和方式的介词： by，in，with等。 表示“除去”的介词：but， except，besides 等。 表示其他含义的介词：about（关于，大约），on（关于），without （没有）等。 5 时间介词 辨析at，in与on at at 表示具体时间点，较短的时间 at six o'clock 在六点钟 at midnight 在午夜 at dinner time 在（吃）晚饭时 at night 在夜间 6 on on 表示特定日子、某月某日、星期几、节日等前面，或某天的早上、 下午、晚上 We can play football on Sunday.我们可以在周日踢足球。 They came to my house on a cold winter morning.他们在一个寒冷 的冬天上午来到我家。 续表 7 in in 表示较长的一段时间段（月、季节、年、世纪），早上、下午、晚 上 I was born in May.我出生在5月。 They came here in 1998.他们1998年来的这里。 What are you going to do in the winter holiday？在寒假你打算干 什么？ 续表 8 辨析for, since与during for for+时间段表示“（延续） ……久” They have lived in China for ten years. 他们住在中国10年了。 since since +时间点表示“从过去某时延续到现在的一段时间” She has worked here since last year. 从去年开始她在这工作。 during “在……期间”，与表示一段时间的名词连用，强调时间的延续 During the meal we talked about the map.在就餐期间，我们讨 论了这张地图。 9 辨析in与after in in+时间段表示“从现在算起一段时间以后”，一般用于将来时 He'll be back in three hours. 他三小时后回来。 after after+时间段表示“从过去算起一段时间后”，一般用于过去时 另外,after后也可以接具体时间用于将来时 He came back after three hours. 三小时后，他回来了。 He'll be back after 3 o'clock. 他三点后会回来。 10 辨析before与after before before意为“在……之前” He must finish his homework before supper.他必须在晚饭之前 完成作业。 after after意为“在……之后” I go swimming every day after work. 我每天下班后游泳。 11 until/ till 当用于肯定句时，“直到……为止”， 其前面谓语动词用延续性动词 当用于否定句时，“直到……才”，其前面谓语动词用短暂性动词 I will work here until five o'clock.我将会在这工作到5点。 They won't come back until the end of the year.他们直到年底才 回来。 辨析until/till与by 12 by by+时间点 如果表示将来的时间点，用一般将来时，如果表示过去的时间点，用 过去完成时 By the end of next month，I will finish reading this book.到下个 月结束，我将读完这本书。 By the end of last month，we had seen ten English films.到上月 为止，我们已经看了10部英语电影。 续表 地点/方位介词 辨析in与at in in 表示地点时，多指较大的地方 He lives in Shanghai.他住在上海。 at at 表示地点时，多指较小的地方 I will arrive at the airport in two hours. 我将会在两个小时之后到达飞机场。 14 in “in the+方位名词+of”表示在某一地区之内的某个方位，属于该范围 They bought a villa in the south of France. 他们在法国南部买了一 座别墅。 to “to the+方位名词+of”表示在某一地区之外的某个方位，不属于该范围 The town lies ten miles to the south of here. 该镇位于这里以南10 英里。 on “on the+方位名词+of”表示与某地接壤 Vietnam is on the south of China. 越南与中国的南部接壤。 辨析in，to与on 15 辨析on，in，under，below，above与over on on表示一个物体在另一个物体的上面 There is a book on the desk. 书桌上有一本书。（书在书桌表面 上） in in表示一个物体在另一个物体的里面 There are some dumplings in the bowl. 碗里有一些水饺。 （水饺在碗里面） under under表示一个物体在另一个物体的下方（一般为正下方） There is a ball under the chair. 椅子下面有一个球。（球在椅子的下面） 16 below below意思是“在……之下”，所指范围较宽，不一定在某物的正下方 From the plane, we could see the whole town below us.从飞机 上，我们可以看到下面的整个城镇。 above above表示一个物体在另一个物体的上方，并非有“垂直之上”的含义 His room is above ours. 他的房间在我们的上面。 over over表示一个物体在另一个物体的正上方，有时有“覆盖；越过”之意 His room is over ours.他的房间就是我们头上的那间。 There is a big bridge over the river. 河上有一座大桥。 （桥在河的上面） 续表 17 辨析across，through与past across 表示从某一个物件的表面横过、穿过，用介词across They swam across the river. 他们游过了河。 through 从某一个物体的里面或者一定范围内穿过，用介词through The boys go through the forest quickly. 这些男孩子快速地穿过 树林。 past 从某一个物体旁边经过用past They drove past a big supermarket. 他们开车经过一家大超 市。 18 辨析beside， by， near， next to与around beside/by beside/by都表示“在……旁边”，常可换用 He sat down beside Jane. 他在简的身旁坐下。 She stood by the window. 她站在窗边。 near near表示“在附近”。by和beside比near更近 I live near my school. 我住得离我的学校近。 19 next to next to表示“紧靠着，紧挨着” He placed his chair next to hers. 他把他的椅子放在她的椅子旁边。 I live next to the cinema. 我住在电影院的旁边。 around around表示“环绕,在……周围” The whole family was sitting around the dinner table.全家人围坐在餐桌旁。 续表 20 其他介词 辨析in，by与with in in可以和表示某种语言的名词连用表示“用某种语言”；也可以表示用某种工具或材料的意思 Can you answer my question in English？你能用英语回答我的问题吗？ Don't write in pencil. Please write in ink.不要用铅笔写， 请用墨水写。 21 by by指使用的方法和手段，by和表示交通工具的名词连用时，中间不用冠词 My father often goes to work by bus. 我爸爸经常乘坐公共汽车去上班。 He made a living by selling newspapers. 他靠卖报为生。 with with表示“借助于某种具体的工具或身体部位” We write with our hands. 我们用手写字。 I cut the cake with a knife. 我用刀子切开了蛋糕。 续表 22 辨析except与besides except 表示“除……之外”，其后的宾语是被排除在整体之外的。 All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.除了汤姆以外，其他的同学都参加了运动会。（汤姆没有参加） besides 表示“除……之外”，其后的宾语是被包括在整体之内的 We need three more boys besides Tom.除了汤姆以外，我们还需要三个男同学。（我们也需要汤姆） 23 辨析like与as like 意为“像……一样”，用于相似关系，即两者在形态上或性质上有相似 之处 She talks to me like my mother. 她像我妈妈那样跟我说话。 （她不是我妈妈） as 意为“作为；以……身份”，用于说明同一关系，即两者实为一体 She talks to me as a mother. 她以妈妈的身份跟我说话。 （她是我妈妈） 24 考点2 介词短语（必考） 考点复习 25 单项填空 1.Books are made ________ paper while paper is mainly made ________ wood.( ) C A. of； of B. from； from C. of； from D. from； of 2.Most people are ________ building a paper factory near here. They are worried the river will get polluted.( ) C A. for B. with C. against D. beyond 3.The sweet smell of the flowers in the garden comes in ________ the open window， making us feel in a good mood.( ) C A. on B. with C. through D. across 26 4.Most of the kids in our school enjoy pop songs， ________ some hit songs on the Internet.( ) B A. besides B. including C. except D. without 5.Today， we are proud ________ my motherland and some day I hope my motherland will take pride ________ me.( ) D A. of； of B. in； in C. in； of D. of； in 6.He bought a large house ________ a swimming pool last year. Now he is sitting ________ the pool.( ) B A. in； at B. with； by C. of； by D. at； at 27 7.—It is said that a new library will be built in our town. —I'm ________ it. Libraries are useful for us young people.( ) A A. for B. besides C. against D. except 8.—I'm afraid the boy can't deal with the problem. —Me， too.________， he is only 8 years old.( ) C A. In general B. So far C. After all D. For example 9.—How can we protect ourselves ________ the earthquake? —We should stay calm first.( ) D A. with B. about C. for D. from 28 10.—Do you know Mo Yan? —Of course. He won the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature ________ the age of 57.( ) B A. in B. at C. on D. to 11.—What's your teacher like? —She is always strict ________ us ________ study.( ) B A. in； with B. with； in C. to； with D. with； about 12.________ the help of my teacher and my classmates， I caught up with the other students.( ) C A. Under B. In C. With D. On 29 13.Mother's Day is ________ the second Sunday in May in the United States.( ) A A. on B. in C. at D. during 14.The castle stands in a quiet place ________ the main road at the far end of the river.( ) C A. to B. for C. off D. out 15.She always wants to do the job which she has been trained ________.( ) A A. for B. by C. on D. of 16.People send each other presents ________ Christmas.( ) A A. at B. on C. in D. by 30 17.—Where is Fujian? —It is ________ the west of Taiwan.( ) D A. at B. in C. on D. to 18.—Where is Mr. Green? —He went to Harbin for business yesterday and will be back ________ a week.( ) D A. behind B. later C. after D. in 19.Please try on this red skirt. You will look great ________ it.( ) C A. on B. by C. in D. for 31 20.—When did the earthquake happen? —It happened ________ 4:30 ________ the afternoon of August 3rd， 2014.( ) C A. on； in B. at； in C. at； on D. on； on 21.You can improve your English ________ practicing more.( ) A A. by B. with C. of D. in 22.Mrs. King put a coat ________ the sleeping girl to keep her warm.( ) A A. over B. with C. behind D. beside 32 23.—Where's our library? —It's ________ the right side of the teacher's office.( ) C A. at B. for C. on D. in 24.—All the students went home ________ Jim. Why? —Because he had to finish his work.( ) A A. except B. besides C. without D. beside 25.—What do you call this ________ English? —It's a stamp. It is used ________ sending letters.( ) A A. in； for B. to； on C. with； by D. with； for 33 26.I don't think I can succeed ________ your help. I need your help very much.( ) B A. with B. without C. for D. by 27.Look! There is a map ________ China ________ the wall.( ) C A. of； in B. in； in C. of； on D. for； on 28.—Look in the mirror. What happened ________ your face? —Oh， there's some ink on my face.( ) A A. to B. on C. in D. over 34 29.—Which is your new English teacher? —The young lady ________ red over there.( ) B A. with B. in C. on D. for 30.The whole family were ________ agreement about what they should do next.( ) C A. about B. of C. in D. on 31.A woman stood ________ the window， watching the children playing games in the garden.( ) D A. past B. through C. across D. by 35 32.Remember to spend some time ________ your love ones.( ) A A. on B. in C. at D. by 33.Nora opened the box. To her surprise， ________ it was a gold watch.( ) B A. outside B. inside C. beside D. behind 34.—What do you often do ________ classes to relax yourselves? —We often do some running or listen to music.( ) C A. in B. through C. between D. among 36 $$