2025年云南省中考英语人教版一轮复习 专题二 动词-（三）动词的时态和语态 课件

项目二 语法过关 专题二 动词 （三）动词的时态和语态 1 语法梳理 考点综合过关 2 考点1 动词的时态（必考） 考点复习 3 一般现在时 1.一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,当主语是第三人称单数时,一般在动词原形 后加-s或-es。 Tom often helps his parents with the housework. 汤姆经常帮助父母做家务。 4 2.一般现在时的用法 （1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与often, always, usually,sometimes, every day, once a day等表示频率的副词或时间状语连 用。 （2）表示客观事实或普遍真理。 The sun rises in the east.太阳在东方升起。 （3）在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。 When he comes tomorrow,I will call you. 明天他来时,我会给你打电话。 5 一般过去时 1.一般过去时的构成 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。 6 2.一般过去时的用法 （1）表示过去某个时间发生或存在的状态。经常与yesterday, last week, in 2016, just now, the other day, two weeks ago等时间状语连用。 We went on a school trip last week. 上周我们去学校郊游了。 （2）表示过去的习惯或过去经常发生的动作。 He often walked to work last year. 去年他经常步行去上班。 现在进行时 7 1.现在进行时的构成 现在进行时的构成:am/is/are+动词的现在分词。 2.现在进行时的用法 （1）表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作,常与now, at the moment等时间状语连用。 He is watching TV now. 他现在正在看电视。 8 （2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态（说话时不一定正在做）, 常与these days, all the time 等时间状语连用。 They are picking apples these days. 他们这些天在摘苹果。 （3）与always, usually, forever等词连用,表示赞扬、厌恶或不满等情绪。 He is always helping others. We all like him.他总是帮助别人。我们都喜 欢他。 9 （4）一些表示位置移动的动词,如go, come, leave, arrive等,常用现在进行 时表示即将发生的动作。 He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 明天他将前往上海。 过去进行时 1.过去进行时的构成 过去进行时的构成:was/were+动词的现在分词。 10 2.过去进行时的用法 （1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常与at 6:00 yesterday, at this time yesterday, at that time, then等时间状语连用。 I was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night. 昨天晚上8点我正在看电视。 （2）表示两个过去的动作同时进行,常用while连接。 His father was reading a newspaper while his mother was cooking.他 妈妈做饭时,他爸爸在看报纸。 一般将来时 11 1.一般将来时的构成 一般将来时的构成:will/be going to+动词原形。 2.一般将来时的用法 （1）表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tomorrow, next week, in a few days, in the future等时间状语连用。 They will have a party tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午将举行聚会。 （2）表示某种必然的趋势。 Fish will die without water. 没有水,鱼就会死。 12 现在完成时 1.现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的构成:have/has+动词的过去分词。 2.现在完成时的用法 （1）表示已完成的动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果。常与just, already, yet, before, ever, never, recently等连用。 I have already seen the movie. 我已经看过那部电影了。 13 （2）表示从过去某个时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或存在的状态或将一 直继续的动作或状态。常与“for+一段时间”“since+时间点”连用,动词为延 续性动词。 We have lived here for ten years. 我们住在这里10年了。 （3）表示某一动作的反复。常与once, twice, three times 等表示次数的词 连用。 She has read the book twice. 这本书她看了两遍了。 14 ◆注意 在现在完成时中，和表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须是延续 性的。如果谓语动词是非延续性的，则要转换为延续性动词。常见转换如下： 15 非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组） begin/start be on borrow/lend keep buy have come be here close be closed die be dead finish be over join be in/be a member of leave be away from 16 非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组） lose not have marry be married open be open put on wear/be in arrive in/arrive at/reach/get to be here catch a cold have a cold come back be back fall/become asleep/ill be asleep/ill wake up be awake 续表 17 对点过关 1.（2024·抚顺模拟）At 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon， my father ________ for me outside the school gate.( ) C A. waits B. waited C. was waiting D. is waiting 2.（2024·长春模拟）There ________ some beautiful flowers on the teacher's desk now.( ) C A. is B. was C. are D. were 18 3.（2024·北京模拟）The Shenzhou-15 astronauts ________ to Earth safely on June 4， 2023.( ) B A. return B. returned C. will return D. have returned 4.（2024·哈尔滨模拟）—Where is your father， Dandan? —Oh， he ________ Beijing on business and he'll come back next week.( ) C A. has returned from B. has been to C. has gone to D. has been in 19 5.（2024·益阳模拟）—I've already visited the space museum. What about you? —Me， too. I ________ there last year.( ) B A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go 6.（2024·天津模拟）While we ________ an English song， some visitors came to our class.( ) C A. sing B. will sing C. were singing D. are singing 20 7.（2024·宿迁模拟）—My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. —Those photos must be your valuable memories.( ) A A. have taken B. will take C. take D. were taking 8.（2024·雅安模拟）—Lucy， the Dragon Boat Festival is coming. I want to learn how to make zongzi. —OK.If my grandma ________ free tomorrow， she will teach us.( ) A A. is B. are C. am D. will be 21 9.（2024·江西模拟）—What's that noise， Tom? —Oh， some children ________ in the yard.( ) B A. play B. are playing C. played D. will play 10.（2024·沈阳模拟）After this exam， you ________ a wonderful holiday next month. Take it easy!( ) D A. have B. have had C. had D. will have 22 11.（2024·安徽模拟）—Jim， I've got a problem with my car. Could you help me? —Sorry， not right now. I ________ a short video.( ) C A. make B. have made C. am making D. was making 12.—I'm afraid Mr. White doesn't know me. —Don't worry. I ________ you to him when we meet.( ) C A. introduce B. introduced C. will introduce D. have introduced 23 考点2 动词的语态 24 考点3 使用被动语态的情况 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态常用于以下场合: 1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 My bike was stolen yesterday.昨天我的自行车被偷了。（并不知道是谁偷 了自行车） A knife is used for cutting things. 刀子是用来切东西的。（不必说明刀子被谁用） 25 2.强调动作的执行者时,使用“by+执行者”。 The pen was used by my father. 这支钢笔是我父亲使用过的。 26 考点4 几种常考的被动语态的构成 1.一般现在时:主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。 The flowers are watered every day. 每天给这些花浇水。 2.一般过去时:主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词。 The house was built in the 1920s. 这座房子是20世纪20年代建的。 27 3.一般将来时:主语+will/am（is/are） going to+be+及物动词的过去分词。 The new bus station will be put into use next month. 这个新的公交车站下个月将被投入使用。 4.含有情态动词的被动语态:主语+情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词。 English must be spoken in this club. 在这个俱乐部里必须说英语。 28 考点5 主动语态变被动语态 1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾,找出其中的谓语动词。 2.将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾 格变为主格。 3.把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格变成宾格,并由by连接。 29 4.谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 30 考点6 被动语态需要注意的几个问题 1.使役动词make， have， let后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动语 态中不定式to要省略，但被动语态中，要有to。 My mother makes me do homework. 我妈妈让我做作业。 I am made to do homework by my mother.我被我妈妈叫去做作业。 2.不及物动词没有被动语态，如:happen， take place， appear， disappear， jump等。 31 3.感官动词look， sound， taste， smell， feel在主系表结构中用主动表 被动。 The apple tastes delicious. 苹果尝起来很美味。 The idea sounds great. 这个主意听起来不错。 32 4.在结构be worth doing“值得……” 和 need doing “需要……”中， 主动 表被动含义。 The movie is worth watching. 这部电影值得观看。 The clothes need washing.=The clothes need to be washed.这些衣服需要 洗了。 33 对点过关 13.（2024·哈尔滨模拟改编）Many research labs ________ in the future to develop science and technology in China.( ) B A. are building B. will be built C. were built D. are built 14.（2024·湖北鄂州）—What language ________ in Germany? —Most people speak German， but many can speak English， too.( ) B A. speak B. is spoken C. is speaking D. speaks 34 15.（2024·泸州）The 18th China International Alcoholic Drinks Expo （CIADE） ________ in Luzhou from April 13th to April 16th， 2023.( ) A A. was held B. is held C. will be held D. has been held 16.（2024·贵港模拟）—Mum， could I help you take out the rubbish? —Sure. But it ________ into different kinds for recycling first.( ) D A. separates B. should separate C. was separated D. should be separated 35 单项填空 1.（2024·云南）Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world these days.( ) C A. speak B. spoke C. is spoken D. was spoken 2.（2024·西山区一模）The 16th “Chinese Bridge” Chinese Proficiency Competition ________successfully in Beijing and Yunnan last October.( ) A A. was held B. held C. is held D. holds 36 3.（2023·云南）—Where is your brother? —Look! He ________ basketball on the playground.( ) C A. plays B. played C. is playing D. was playing 4.（2023·云南）—________ you ________about Naxi Ancient Music yet? —Yes, I have. It is a part of Naxi culture.( ) B A. Has； heard B. Have； heard C. Did； hear D. Do； hear 37 5.（2022·云南）How time flies! I ________ a senior high school this September.( ) C A. enter B. entered C. will enter D. have entered 6.（2024·大理模拟）The documentary Aerial China《航拍中国》 is wonderful. So far， I ________ it three times.( ) C A. watched B. will watch C. have watched D. watch 38 7.There ________ a basketball game next Monday. If it ________, we'll have to put it off.( ) C A. is going to have； will rain B. is going to have； rains C. is going to be； rains D. is going to be； will rain 8.（2024·滨州模拟）—Sorry， I can't hear you clearly. I ________ a football match. —OK.I'll ring you up later.( ) C A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. was watching 39 9.（2024·安徽模拟）Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ________ into schools.( ) D A. introduce B. introduced C. are introduced D. were introduced 10.（2024·北京模拟）Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science.( ) D A. is learning B. was learning C. will learn D. has learned 40 $$