阅读理解学案（含讲解笔记和练习） 2025届高考英语人教版总复习

高中英语阅读理解教案 学生姓名 性别 年级 学科 英语 授课教师 上课时间 教学课题 高考阅读理解 —— 答题技巧 教学目标 认知目标： 1. Talk about how to study. 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。 2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法。 情感目标： 通过对学习方法的学习，培养学生用正确而科学的方法做事的能力，明白“一份耕耘，一份收获”。激发学生学习的信心。 教学重点与难点 重点：阅读理解题型分析，解题技巧 难点：不同题型的阅读理解的解题方法 教学过程 1、 阅读理解 1.概述 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。 通过对近几年高考试卷的研究发现，高考阅读理解的主要考查方式其实只有两种：主观题型和客观题型。我们先来了解一下高考所考查文章的体裁与内容，通过对近几年高考试卷的总结研究，高考阅读理解对于体裁的考查较多样，多为记叙文、说明文、应用文，有时也会考议论文。总之对于体裁的考查不会太单一。而文章的题材内容也比较丰富，一般会有小故事、日常生活事件、报刊杂志内容、文化习俗、名人轶事等。 2.题型 高考中的阅读理解主要考察以下几个方面： 1. 理解主旨和要义 2. 理解文中的具体位置 3.根据上下文推断生词的词义 4.作出判断和推理 5 .理解文章的基本结构 6.理解作者的意图﹑观点和态度 相应的，阅读理解就会有以下题型: 主旨大意题 事实细节题 词义猜测题 推理判断题 那么下面我们就按每个题型，来分别看一下，不同题型的解题方法以及需要注意的问题。 （一）主旨大意题（主题理解或写作意图推断） 1.主旨大意题经常会出现容易让人混淆的选项，有时候可能是属于文章中的某一个事实或细节，有时候也可能会是从文中某个细节或事实片面推断出的错误片断，还有可能是根本不属于文章内容的主观臆断。而真正的正确答案应该是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。 主旨题考查的内容： 1）短文的标题（title, headline） 2）短文或段落的主题（subject） 3）中心思想(main idea) 4）作者的写作目的(purpose) 2.主旨大意题的常见的提问形式: 1) What does the writer mainly tell us? 2) Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text? 3) Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4) Which is the subject discussed in the text? 5）What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? 6) What’s the best title for this passage? 【小试牛刀】 Would you like to visit Britain one day?--Our country would like to welcome you! Overseas travel can be expensive. But there are ways of visiting Britain cheaply. We hope that we can give you some good ideas. When to come? If you can avoid the busy months --July and August , your visit may be cheaper. There will be smaller numbers of visitors. British weather is pleasant from April to the end of September. Of course, you can visit it in winter, but it is often dark by 4pm.Many places, such as large houses and castles(城堡),are closed early in winter. However, if you are interested in museums, art galleries or theatres, winter may be a good time to visit. Be prepared. If you are a student, it's a good idea to apply for (申请)an International Student Identity Card(身份证).With this card, you can save a lot of money. You can get the card from your local student travel office, and you can also call (44)-08708-413224 to get it. To get the card, you need to show that you are a student, get a passport photo ,and pay a little money. 27. This passage is mainly about_____. A. when to visit Britain B. why to take a trip to Britain C. what to do and see in Britain D. how to trip cheaply in Britain 【独门秘笈】 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。 （二）事实细节型（出题最多的题型） 文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。 1.提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。 2.在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式： 1）Which of the following statement is true? 2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 3）The author ( or the passage) states that___. 4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)___? 1. 直接事实題 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找出。如： A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river. This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 193 6. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United State s. Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada. Q： Hoover Dam lies_____________. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B 2.间接事实题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。 Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme “Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years. However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station. “It’s really a hard job for me. I won’t enter for such competition any more. Anyhow，I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，” said Luo Lin with a sweet smile. Q：Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. 3. 数据推算题 If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time, you will save_______ . A.$100　 B.$300　 C.$350　 D.$400 这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时： 1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。 2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。 3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 【小试牛刀】 Music is an international language. Popular music in America is every student likes. Students carry radios with earphones and listen to music before class, after class and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play the music loudly as they drive on the street. Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports, weather, politics, and activities of the American people. Most of the radio broadcast is music. Questions: 1. Almost every American student likes . A. popular music B. American songs C. folk music D. western music 2. What do adult drivers do while they are driving? A. They listen to pop songs. B. They listen to news and make a CD. C. They listen to music and news. D. They watch news and programs. （三）词义猜测题 词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。 此类题的设问方式主要有： 1. The word “...” in line...means/can be replaced by... 2. As used in the passage, the phrase “...” suggests... 3. From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to (提到)... 4. The word “...” is closest in meaning to... 猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。 eg. Most women in Ghana---the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation(名誉) for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的). Questions: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate”. （ ） A. repeat B. reiterated（重申，反复做） C. uneducated D. sick ①同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 ②反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 ③释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。 ④情景推断法、代词替代法等 【独门秘笈】 1）文中找线索或信息词; 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。 （四）推理判断题型 1. 做推理判断题要注意两点：一是推理，二是判断，两者密不可分。推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。判断推理题要求学生根据原文，经过推理，进行判断，从而得出结论，所以推理判断题的答案不能在文中直接找出。但推理时无必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找可推论的依据，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。 2.推理判断型常见的命题方式有：（此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude 等） The passage implies (暗示) that_______. We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_____. Which of the following can be inferred (推论)? What is the tone (语气) of the author ? What is the purpose (目的) of this passage? The passage is intended to _____. Where would this passage most probably appear? eg. Mark Wellman showed that if you set your heart and mind on something, no wall is too high, no dream impossible. 1. What can we learn from the passage? A. A friend in need is a friend indeed. B. Dreams will come true in the end. C. Each step is important to success. D. Nothing can stop a strong will. 技巧： ①推理判断题：高考重头戏，15个题中常有4-6个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 ②透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。 ③以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非自己观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释 二、【真题演练】 （分析题型，轻松突破） Passage 1 Stay Fitness Club—the Club with a Difference Get off the sofa! It’s summer! Let’s spring into action! We want to help you get fit and stay fit. Join our fitness club and become a member. Then, you can enjoy our classes for free. You can enroll（注册） for as many classes manage. We offer classes in: · Yoga · Indoor cycling · Dancing · Taekwondo · Chinese kong fu We also have fantastic facilities（设施）： · Machines—They use the very latest technology. · Changing room—There are excellent showers and lockers to keep your things safe. · Lounge area—You can relax and enjoy a cooling drink and a healthy snack. The membership fee（会费）is very low. You can pay weekly or monthly. It is up to you. When you have paid the fee, you can come as often as you want. Our friendly staff（工作人员）will be glad to answer your questions. Come to Stay Fitness Club. You are never too old or too young to start a fitness programme. Look after you body and it will look after you! 25. There are ______ kinds of classes in Stay Fitness Club. A. three B. four C. five D. eight 26. Members can ______ in the lounge area. A. have a rest B. use machines C. store things D. change clothes 27. What can we know about the club? A. It offers free classes. B. It is open for 24 hours. C. It has experienced staff. D. It is for people of all ages. 28. The passage is ________. A, a diary B. a poster C. a menu D. a letter. Passage 2 Just as I came back home. I heard a sound coming from the bedroom upstairs—it was from my favorite violin. “Thief （小偷）！” I rushed upstairs and saw a boy in dirty clothes pulling my violin down. At first sight, I found a new pair of shoes missing. It seemed he was surely a thief. However, when I saw his eyes full of fear, my anger disappeared. I smiled and asked, “Are you Mr. Ram’s student Rubens? I’m his butler（男管家）. I’ve heard Mr. Ram say his student will come. It must be you.” “Has my teacher gone out ?” the boy said, “I think I’d better visit him again in a while/” I nodded and asked him, “Do you like playing the violin?” “Yes, but I’m too poor to afford one.” the boy replied. “Then, I’ll give you this violin.” The boy looked at me surprisingly, but he picked up the violin. While going out of the room, he suddenly saw a huge photo of me playing the violin at the Grand Theatre of Sydney on the wall. His face turned pale. He stood there for a moment and ran out. He must have understood what had happened because no master（主人）would put up the butler’s photo on the wall of his living room. A few years later, at a music competition in Melbourne, I was invited to be the judge （评委）. Finally, a violin player called Merritt won the first prize. After the prize-giving, Merritt ran to me holding a violin box, his face red, and asked, “Mr. Brian, do you still know me? You gave me the violin, which I have treasured ever since! Today, I want to say sorry and give back this violin to you without regret…” He was just the “Mr. Ram’s student”! 29. The writer felt ______ when he saw the boy pulling his violin down. A. afraid B. angry C. sad D. disappointed 30. In fact, the boy was ________. A. Mr. Ram’s student B. a visitor to the Ram family C. the butler’s friend D. a thief to the writer’s home 31. The boy’s face turned pale probably because he realized______. A. the butler was a great musician B. he would be found as a thief soon C. the master had come back home D. the butler was just the master 32. The passage mainly wants to tell us that _______. A. It’s never late to say sorry B. the future is what we make it C. kindness can bring one power D. success depends on trust and support Passage 3 If you need to call your parents but your phone is not with you, can you remember their numbers? To remember 11 numbers is not difficult. However, because of the smartphone, many of us are losing this ability. What’s more, smartphones weaken（削弱）our skills at giving directions, as well as killing face-to-face communications. Even when friends are having a meal together, it’s common for most to check their phones. According to a report by Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers, an American company, Chinese people spend about 170 minutes on their smartphones daily. Many students are addicted to using smartphones. It does no good to their study. Research by Japan’s Education Ministry showed children who spend more than four hours a day on their phones perform much worse in school test than those who play with their phones for 30 minutes. It’s true that the smartphone has made our lives easier. But many also think they spend too much time on it, and this is bad for their study or work. People are trying to change that. A new app（应用软件）called Forest was introduced this month. It lets users plant a seed that grows into a tree over the next 30 minutes. During the half hour, users cannot use their phones, or the tree will die. A restaurant in Los Angeles, US, gives people a 5% discount (折扣) if they don’t check their phones during a meal. Owner Mark Gold said he hopes it gives people a way to enjoy their meal and actually talk with friends and family in person. 33. Many people can’t remember their parents’ phone numbers because _______. A. they don’t care about their parents B. they depend too much on smartphones C. they find it difficult to remember numbers D. they don’t know how to remember numbers 34. What does the word “addicted” probably mean in Chinese? A. 沉迷 B. 喜爱 C. 习惯 D. 擅长 35. The app “Forest” is used to _________. A. encourage people to plant more trees B. get people to change their smartphones C. help people better control smartphone using D. offer people a new game to enjoy themselves 36. By giving people a 5% discount, Owner Mark Gold wants his customers to ___________. A. enjoy a cheaper meal B. say no to smartphones C. check phones after the meal D. improve face-to-face communication 37. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Smart or harmful? B. Stop using smartphones? C. Why not try smartphones? D. How to make your phones smart? 三．课堂总结 课后练习： 一、拓展阅读： A FOR many of us, cartoon strips（连环画） are simply one of our pastimes. The popular Japanese manga（漫画） provides us with an escape from reality into a world of fantasy, adventure and romance. With much less text and pictures running for pages, it fits perfectly into today's fast, throwing away city lifestyle. But Tsai Chih-chung, a famous Taiwanese illustrator (漫画家), doesn't agree. He believes cartoons can be a bridge connecting traditional Chinese culture and wisdom with the modern world in a much more wise and acceptable way. He has interpreted（演绎） Lao Zi, Confucius, Mencius, Zhuang Zi and Sun Zi and made their works accessible to a global audience. He has also produced two books about Zen (禅宗), introducing oriental philosophy（哲学）. His cartoons are humorous yet full of wisdom and are admired as an easy way to learn Chinese classics. After avoiding the public for ten years, Tsai made a comeback in late April with seven new works. But does his age, 61, work as a gap between him and his young readers? Tsai doesn't think so. The topics he has covered range from philosophy in a time of individuality(个性) to the learning and memorizing techniques used at school. "Every child is a genius and has the potential beyond his own imagination," he said. If popular Japanese manga is simply for entertainment, Tsai's work, to a large extent, is to light the power of thinking in a light-hearted way. Tsai uses different forms of water to refer to people. In his eyes some people are like an ocean, some are like vapor , while others may be ice or rain. But in essence they share a similarity – human being's forever chasing for the true and the good. "The person who thinks over life issues is not necessarily a scholar or a philosopher," he said. "I've devoted my whole life to thinking and individual freedom, not making a living." 1．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A．Tsai’s work fits today’s city lifestyle. B．All of Tsai’s works mainly introduce eastern philosophy. C．Tsai’s works are humorous as well as full of wisdom. D．Tsai’s works are not involved in children’s study. 2．What’s the word “vapor” mean in the 6th paragraph? It means . A．a kind of food B．a form of water C．a form of solid D．a kind of people 3．From the passage we know that . A．Tsai once stopped writing his works for ten years B．Tsai writes his works in order to make a living C．Tsai thinks everyone should be a scholar or a philosopher D．Tsai doesn’t think there is a gap between him and his young readers 4．In the author’s opinion, . A．Japanese manga is more valuable than Tsai’s B．Tsai’s works are more valuable than Japanese manga C．Japanese manga is as valuable as Tsai’s D．Both Japanese manga and Tsai’s works are valueless B The greatest cartoon-maker in cinema history was Walt Disney, who has often been quoted as saying, “…… it was all started by a mouse.” It was, and Mickey Mouse has gone on to become an international cartoon superstar. Without him, Disney could not have made his own dreams come true. Mickey was created in 1928. It’s not clear if it was Disney or his business and animation（动画片制作）partner Ub Iwerks who designed the original mouse. But many credit(相信是) Iwerks, who animated all of the earliest cartoons. The mouse’s original name was Mortimer but was changed to Mickey on the advice of Walt Disney’s wife Lillian. The first and second Mickey Mouse Cartoons were not a success with the public. It was only with the third cartoon, titled Steamboat Willy, that Mickey began to achieve wide recognition(认可). Since then, Mickey’s appearance and personality have changed. His body was changed a few times until they found the best shape for his head, body and ears. Until 1946, Walt Disney provided Mickey’s voice himself. Mickey has starred in more than a hundred cartoons. He’s often joined by four other famous Disney characters, Donald Duck, Minnie Mouse, Goofy and Pluto, who have also become children’s favorite cartoon characters all over the world 1. According to the passage, Disney’s early dream may probably be ________. A. to create Mickey Mouse B. to marry his wife Lillian C. to become a cartoon maker D. to become a superstar 2. Which of the following about Mickey Mouse is true? A. Mickey became famous in his first cartoon. B. The original mouse was designed by Disney’s wife. C. Cartoons starred by Mickey are always very successful. D. There have been some changes in Mickey’s name and body. 3. From the passage we know that ________. A. Walt Disney was known as a great cartoon maker B. less than 100 cartoons have been starred by Mickey C. there are four Disney characters in Disney’s cartoons D. Mickey’s voice has been provided by Walt Disney since 1946 4. The best title for this passage is ________. A. Mickey Mouse — A Cartoon Hero B. Walt Disney — A Famous Cartoon Maker C. Walt Disney and His Wife D. How Mickey Mouse Got His Name 二、回家复习学过的阅读理解相关四种题型；下节课抽查哦！ ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$