内容正文:
新概念第二册
Lesson 33 Out of the darkness
1、 单词精讲
darkness /'dɑ:knəs/
【释义】n.黑暗,阴暗,漆黑
【例句】The yard was indarkness.院子里一片黑暗。
explain /ɪks'pleɪn/
【释义】vt.解释,叙述;说明
【例句】He madeup a wonderful story to explain
his absence.
他编造了一个完美的故事来解释他的缺席。
【释义】vi解释:
【例句】I've got toexplain about it.我得解释一下此事。
【搭配】explain sthto sb.给某人解释某事
【联想】explanation /ekspla'ner/n/n解释explain一>plain /plem/n.草原
【辨析】explain,interpret
1.explain指解释不明的事情。
The teacher tried to explain the difficult concept to the students.
老师试图向学生解释这个难懂的概念。
2.interpret 侧重于用知识判断、了解或想象去闸明特别难懂的事物。
The students were asked to interpret the poem.学生们被要求诠释那首诗的意思。
coast /kəʊst/
【释义】n.海岸,海滨
【例句】The boat turned overjust off the coast.小船在距离海岸不远处翻了。
【辨析】coast,shore,seaside, beach,bank
1.coast“海岸”,指海滨或滨海的陆地边界
The town is located on the west coast of the country.这个城镇位于该国的西海岸。
2.shore“海岸”,指海洋、湖泊或河流边的土地。
We walked along the shore of the lake.我们沿着湖岸散步。
3.seaside“海边”,是通俗说法,常指风景胜地。
Many people go to the seaside for their holidays.许多人去海边度假。
4.beach“海滩”,指带沙或卵石的海边。
The children are playing on the beach.孩子们正在海滩上玩耍。
5. bank“河岸”,常指与河水相接的地面。
There are many willow trees on the bank of the river.河岸边有许多柳树。
storm /stɔ:m/
【释义】n.风雨
【例句】The storm blew trees down and lifted roofs from some houses.
暴风雨吹倒了大树,掀翻了一些房子的屋顶。
【链接】snowstorm暴风雪 rainstorm暴风雨 shower 阵雨
towards /tə'wɔ:dz/
【释义】prep向,朝;接近
【例句】Towards the nd of the afternoon it began to rain.傍晚时分开始下雨了。
rock /rɒk/
【释义】n.①岩石 ②礁石
【例句】A rock fell and hurt a boy.一块岩石落了下来,伤了个男孩。
【释义】①摇动,使摇晃.
【例句】He rocked the baby gently in his arms.他抱着孩子轻轻摇晃。
【释义】②使震惊
【例句】The news rocked the household with surprise.这消息使全家震惊。
【释义】vi摇晃,颠簸
【例句】The ship rocked i the storm.船在暴风雨中摇晃。
【搭配】rock and roll摇滚乐 rock band摇滚乐团
shore /ʃɔ:/
【释义】n.海岸
【例句】We walked along the shore every evening.每晚我们都沿着海岸散步。
light /laɪt/
【释义】n.①灯,灯光
【例句】He put the light out before he left.离开前,他把灯关了。
【释义】②光线,光亮
【例句】She could just see by the light of the candle.她借着烛光勉强看得见。
【释义】adj.①明亮的
【例句】The colour of the capis very light.这顶帽子颜色很浅。
【释义】②浅色的,淡色的
【例句】They look best with light brown suits.它们与浅棕色西装搭配最好看。
【释义】③轻的
【例句】 Modern video cameras are light and easy to carry.
新型的摄像机很轻,容易携带。
【释义】vt、点,点燃,照亮 (lit /lt/,lit)
【例句】The room is lit by candles.这个房间有蜡烛照明。
【释义】vi:点燃
【例句】The match lights easily.这火柴容易点燃。
【搭配】traffic light 交通指示灯 light up 照亮;喜形于色
【联想】light→sunlight /'sʌnlaɪt/ n.日光
highlight /'haɪlaɪt/ 加亮;强调
ahead /ə'hed/
【释义】adv.①在前面
【例句】There is a house ahead.前面有一座房子。
【释义】②提前,预先,提早
【例句】The party was planned weeks ahead.聚会提前几个星期就已筹划好了。
【搭配】ahead of在·..·-前面 go ahead 向前走(行);好吧,说吧
【联想】ahead一headline /'hedlaɪn/n.pl)新闻提要
↓
head /hed/n.领导
cliff /klɪf/
【释义】n.峭壁,悬崖
【例句】He climbed up the cliff.他攀上了悬崖。
struggle /'strʌgəl/
【释义】vi.①挣扎
【例句】Tony is struggling with too much work.托尼正在诸多工作中挣扎。
【释义】②奋斗,努力
【例句】They would rather struggle for independence.他们宁愿为独立而奋斗。
【释义】③斗争,抗争
【例句】They struggled for peace.他们为和平而战。
【释义】n.挣扎,奋斗,努力,竞争
【例句】With a struggle, he made a final decision.他费了好大劲才做出最后决定。
【搭配】struggle for为·而斗争
struggle to do sth挣扎着做某事struggleagainst与作斗争(搏斗);打仗
【辨析】struggle, fight; conflict
1.struggle“挣扎”,指肉体、精神、政治、思想上的斗争,为不及物动词
He struggled in the water before someone rescued him.
在有人救他之前,他在水里挣扎着。
2.fight“战斗、斗争,指图战胜某人或某事。
The soldiers fought bravely against the enemy.士兵们勇敢地与敌人作战。
3.conflict“争执、冲突”,指由于严重不一致,而引起抵触或冲突。
【链接】ridge 山脊,山脉 valley 山谷,溪谷
There is a conflict between their ideas.他们的想法之间存在冲突。
hospital /'hɒspɪtl/
【释义】n.医院
【例句】They took him to the hospital in the middle of the night.
他们在午夜把他送到了医院。
He is in hospital.他住院了。
【搭配】go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital去医院办其他事情
【联想】 hospital→hospitable /hɒ'spɪtəbl/ adj;好客的,(环境)宜人的
2、 重点句型
表示方向和目的地的介词和副词
① 表示“上、下”的两对小品词是on和off,up和down
Jim’s standing on the roof. I hope he won’t fall off.
Tom’s climbing up the tree. I hope he won’t fall down.
② 表示“来、去”的一对小品词是from和to;towards(强调越来越近)的意义和to(强调目标)相近,表示“朝,向,接近”等;for在有些动词后面也表示“往,向”的意思
He went for home.
leave for… 动身到某地(强调离开,出发)
set out for… 动身到某地
head for/to 前往 (强调“去”)
③ 表示“进去,出来”这两种方向的介词为into(进、入)和out of(从...出来);表示“在某个地方”或“在……里面/外面”可用at(含有一种瞄准的概念,方向性),in,out of等;表目的地或位置往往用at
aim at,fire at(瞄准开火),throw at,threw to the bank
④ 表示“穿过,越过,绕过”等动词时,往往用through,across,under,over,round等介词
How did you get over the wall?
Pass and Past
pass和past的区别主要是词义上的区别,pass是动词,其过去式为passed,过去分词是passed或past。当作及物动词用时,可表示“经过,通过(考试),超过”等,作不及物动词用时可表示“(时间等)消逝”。I’ve passed/past my French test.
A month has passed/past since I left home.
past可以作形容词、介词、名词等,作形容词时表示“以前的,过去的”等;作介词时表示“经过,超出范围等)”;作名词时表示“过去,昔时,往事”等。Frank is proud of his past experience.
I go past the garden.
Can you tell me something about your past?
Next and Other
next表示时间顺序上“紧接的,下一个”,如果以现在为基准,则next前一般不加the;如果以过去或将来的某一时间为基准,则next前面要加the或其他修饰词。
next day 第二天
the other day =a few days ago (几天前),
the other day 出现一定是过去时;next day有可能是过去式, 有可能是将来式
3、 课文精讲
Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.几乎过了一个星期,那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。
nearly adv. 几乎 差不多 将进 快到 =almost ;★ pass-passed v. 经过 过去;past 可作介词 形容词 名词 , 但不作做动词;before conj. 在 .. 之
后才 ≠ after ;explain v. 解释 叙述 explanation n. 解释 说明 explanatory adj. 解释的 说明的 阐述的;before 引导时间状语从句,what 从句
作 explain 的宾语 ; happen to her 发生在她身上 ; happen v. 发生 = occur ;
“一段时间以后”句型:
sometime later…
Three days later, my mother returned. (强调某人做某事,简单句)Three days passed and then my mother returned. 并列句, 既强调某人做某事, 又强调时间(有多久)…passed before…
Three days passed before my mother returned.
强调时间(这么久的时间, 时间状语从句, 后面是从句)be able to强调有能力, 且能够成功(还强调成功);can 只表示能力
One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.一天下午,她乘小船从海岸出发,遇上了风暴。
set out from 从 ... 出发 ; set out = set off 出发 动身 ; coast n. 海岸 coastal adj. 海岸的;★ be caught in 遇上雨 风暴 实然遇上 ;be caught
in +灾难 ; I was caught in a rain/traffic jam. 我遇上了一场雨 / 堵车 ; storm n. 暴风雨 ;storm out of ... 气冲冲的出去 ;
Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.天将黑时,小船撞在了一块礁石上,姑娘跳进了海里
towards prep. 向 朝 接近 临近 ; ★ strike-struck-struck/striken v. 撞击 ; rock v. 岩石 礁石 rocky adj. 崎岖不平的;jump v. 跳 ; sea n. 海 ;
strike强调的往往是猛烈的撞击
Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.
她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。在那段时间里,她游了 8 英里。
swin-swam-swum v. 游 ; shore n. 海岸;spend-spent-spent v. 度过 , 过 ( 一段时间 );spend sometime + 地点 ; whole adj. 全部的 ;
during prep. 在 ... 期间 ; during that time 在那段时间里;cover v. 行过 游过 走过;distance n. 距离 ★ keep distance with sb. 与某人保持
距离;distant adj. 遥远的 久远的 ; distantly adv. 远地 冷漠地 ; at this distance (of/in time) 时隔已久 : I can hardly remember him at this
distance of time .;
a distance of+具体长度 多长的距离,表示具体的距离the red army covered a distance of 25000
Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. 第二天凌晨,她看到前方有灯光,知道自己已经接近岸边了,因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。
light n. 灯光;★ ahead adv. adj. 在前面 , 放在被修饰词的后边作后置定语 : asleep, awake, alive, ahead, abloom, alight, a 开头的往往是表语形容词 , 不管是作表语形容词还是副词,都放在名词的后面,一般形容词放在名词的前面 ;
she was near the shore 作 knew 的宾语 [ 宾语从句 ] because 引导状语从句 ; near prep. 接近 靠近;cliff n. 峭壁;high up 修饰介词短语 on
the chiffs. high & up adv;high adv. 在高处 向高处 adj. 很高的 海拔高的;height n. 高度 高处 高地 ;
On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.到达岸边后,姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。
★on + 动名词= as soon as/ the moment 引导的时间状语从句: as soon as/the moment she arrived at the shore [on 后面一定要加动名词,
承认动词是由主句主语做的】; struggle v. n. 挣扎 斗争 努力抗争 + with ; in struggle with : He now is struggling with English. = He is in a
constant struggle with English. ; up prep. 在 ... 上面;she had seen 省略了关系代词 that/which 的定语从句,修饰 the light;
That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.她所记得的就是这些。第二天她醒来时,发现自己躺在医院里。
remember v.记起 回忆; all是句中的表语,she remembered是定语从句,用来修饰all,因引导词that在从句中作宾语而被省略;wake up 醒过来;
a day later 一天之后;hospital n. 医院;★ herself in hospital 作动词 found 的复合宾语 ; herself pron. 她自己 [ 反身代词 -self/selves ];
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$