内容正文:
读《西游记Journey to the West》画思维导图学英语语法
找出文中的动词
Wukong leaped into the air and was gone. The Tang Monk sighed and then continued his journey.
Later that day he saw an old woman.“Monk,” said the woman. “Where are you going?”
“I’m going to the Western Paradise,” said the Tang Monk.
“Don’t you have anyone with you?” asked the woman. “You can’t go there alone.”
“I did have a companion,” said the Tang Monk. “But he got angry when I scolded him for being violent. He left.”
“Your companion will come back,” said the woman. “When he does, trick him into putting this on.” She pulled a metal headband out of her bag. “Whenever he misbehaves, recite the Tight Headband spell.” The old woman whispered a magical spell to the Tang Monk.
“Thank you,” said the Tang Monk. “But how did you—”
There was a flash of bright light, and the woman rose into the air.
“The bodhisattva Guanyin!” cried the Tang Monk.
He got down from his horse and bowed.
动词的基本形式
动词在不同时态中有不同的形式,这节课我们来初步了解一下动词在不同时态中的不同形式。
时态
动词形式
例词
例句
一般现在时
第三人称单数形式
go→goes
like→likes
Whenever he misbehaves, recite the Tight Headband spell.
无论何时他行为不端,就念紧箍咒。
现在进行时
现在分词
cook→cooking
run→running
I am feeling a little cold!
我觉得有点冷呢!
一般过去时
过去式
eat→ate
do→did
Wukong stood in front of the waterfall with his cheering subjects.
孙悟空和他欢呼雀跃的臣民们站在瀑布前。
现在完成时
过去分词
see→seen
read→read
Wukong stayed trapped under the mountain.
孙悟空被困在山下。
与某些动词搭配
不定式
drink→to drink
watch→to watch
The robbers tripped over one another, trying to get away.
强盗们互相绊倒,试图逃跑。
多种时态或动词搭配中
动词原形
buy
help
fly
I hope the Jade Emperor learned his lesson.
我希望玉皇大帝能吸取教训。
动词不同形式的变换也有一定的规则,在后面讲时态时会详细讲到,这里暂不详细讲解。
英文句子中的主语分为以下三种情况:
第一人称
I、we
第一人称仅此两个词
第二人称
you
第二人称仅此一个词,可译为“你、你们”
第三人
称
单数
he、she、it、不可数名词
及数量等于1的人或物(除去第一、二人称)
milk、water、 book、my brother、cat等都是第三人称单数
复数
they、数量大于1的人或物
trees、boys、my pencils等都是第三人称复数
句子中主语的这三种人称情况一定要分清楚,涉及到后面动词的三单形式变化及一般现在时中一般疑问句及否定句的变换。
leaped(leap的过去式)
表示“跳跃”,在句子“Wukong leaped into the air and was gone.”中使用过去式,描述过去孙悟空做出跳跃这个动作,进入空中然后消失了这一情景。 sighed(sigh的过去式) 意为“叹气,叹息”,在“The Tang Monk sighed and then continued his journey.”里用过去式,体现唐僧当时发出叹息这个动作,符合故事叙述中对过去发生事情的描述。
continued(continue的过去式)
意思是“继续”,此处以过去式形式出现,说明唐僧在叹息之后继续踏上旅程这一过去发生的行为动作。
saw(see的过去式)
解释为“看见”,在“Later that day he saw an old woman.”中运用过去式,用于讲述那天晚些时候唐僧看见一位老妇人这件过去发生的事。
going(go的现在分词)
用于现在进行时等结构中表示动作正在进行或将来的计划等,在“I’m going to the Western Paradise,”里,“be + going to”构成一般将来时结构,表示唐僧打算去西天这一计划。
asked(ask的过去式)
含义是“问,询问”,在“Don’t you have anyone with you?” asked the woman. “You can’t go there alone.”中采用过去式,描述老妇人过去向唐僧发问的行为。
did have(do的过去式 + have动词原形,此处为强调结构)
强调过去的情况,在“I did have a companion,”中使用,强调唐僧之前确实有个同伴这一过去的事实情况。
got(get的过去式)
有“变得,变得生气、恼怒”等意思,在“But he got angry when I scolded him for being violent. He left.”里以过去式呈现,描述过去同伴生气这一状态变化的动作,是故事中过去发生的情况。
left(leave的过去式)
意为“离开”,此句“He left.”中用过去式,说明同伴离开这一已经发生过的动作。
come(come的动词原形)
在“Your companion will come back,”里是动词原形,用在一般将来时“will + 动词原形”结构中,表示同伴将会回来这一将来的动作情况。
trick(动词原形)
表示“哄骗,诱使”,“trick sb. into doing sth.”是固定短语结构,在这里用动词原形,用在祈使句中,老妇人告诉唐僧要诱使同伴做某事的建议,符合句子表意及语法结构要求。
put(put的动词原形)
意思是“放置,戴上”,在“trick him into putting this on.”中是“into”为介词后接动名词(动词的 -ing形式,此处putting 是put的动名词形式)的结构里的动词原形情况,用于表达诱使同伴戴上某样东西的表意内容。
pulled(pull的过去式)
解释为“拉,拽,掏出”等,在“She pulled a metal headband out of her bag.”中使用过去式,描述老妇人过去从包里掏出金箍的动作,符合故事叙述过去发生之事的语境。
misbehaves(misbehave的第三人称单数形式)
意为“行为不端,举止不当”,在“Whenever he misbehaves, recite the Tight Headband spell.”中是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式,用于表述假设的情况,即每当他(同伴)行为不端的时候,符合语法上主语是第三人称单数(he)时动词的变化规则及句子表意逻辑。
recite(动词原形)
表示“背诵,念诵”,在祈使句结构“recite the Tight Headband spell.”里用动词原形,传达老妇人告知唐僧要念紧箍咒的指令内容,符合祈使句的语法特点及表意需求。
whispered(whisper的过去式)
意思是“低声说,悄声说”,在“The old woman whispered a magical spell to the Tang Monk.”中采用过去式,用于描述老妇人过去向唐僧悄悄说咒语这一动作,符合故事在讲述过去事件时对动作的描述要求。
cried(cry的过去式)
解释为“呼喊,大叫”,在“The bodhisattva Guanyin!” cried the Tang Monk.中用过去式,体现唐僧当时大声呼喊的动作,呈现故事里过去那一刻他惊讶激动的反应。
got(get的过去式)
同样表示“下来,从……下来”等意思(此处结合语境理解为从马上下来),在“He got down from his horse and bowed.”里以过去式出现,描述唐僧过去做出从马上下来以及鞠躬这两个连续的动作,符合对过去事件的叙述逻辑。
bowed(bow的过去式)
意为“鞠躬,弯腰行礼”,此句“He got down from his horse and bowed.”中用过去式,说明唐僧做出鞠躬行礼这一过去发生的动作,展现对观音菩萨的尊敬之举。
上面关于动词的基本形式以及句子主语三种情况的介绍,你明白了吗?来完成下面的思维导图吧!
小试牛刀
1、 给下列的单词或短语归类。
she
his father
I
boys
milk
coffee
students
car
bikes
he
it
we
our school
monkeys
we
your sister
feet
fruits
bread
an umbrella
vegetables
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称单数
第三人称复数
二、画出所给句子中除去动词原形以外的其他形式。
例:Bajie wants to play on the ice.
1.It looks very beautiful, Master.
2.Monkey King is sleeping in his cave.
3.Yesterday I went to the Cloud Palace and I saw the Jade Emperor.
4.Bajie bought some peaches yesterday.
5.Wujing always makes sand sculptures.
三、真题再现。
1.—Let's ______ volleyball.
—That ______ good.
A. playing; is B. playing; sounds C. play; sounds D. plays; sound
2.Kangkang______Beijing yesterday and he______there by air.
A. arrived in, got B. arrived, got to
C. arrived in, got to D. arrived, got
3.Her name is Wang Xiaomei. We can ________ her Xiaomei.
A. to call B. call C. calling
4.Keep quiet, everyone! Let me _______ my friend to you.
A. say B. tell C. speak D. introduce
5.— Peter an evening party this week?
—No,his sister has it.
A. Do,have B. Does,have C. Is,has
6.Lily likes listening to music.It ______ her ______ great.
A. makes;feels B. makes;to feel C. makes;feel D. make;feel
7.Jim, his father, playing basketball very much.
A. like, like B. likes, likes C. like, likes D. likes, like
8.Tommy and his sister often ________ meals at weekends.
A. cook B. cooks C. is cooking D. are cooking
9.We donˈt _______ visit the museum at this time because we are so busy.
A. get to B. gets to C. getting to D. to get to
10.The teacher there ______ a computer in his hand. Each of the teachers ______ a computer in our school.
A. is; have B. is; has C. has; have D. has; has
11.November 11 is coming. Jane, _____ other girls, ______ shopping on the internet.
A. like; likes B. likes; likes C. likes; like D. like; like
12.Let us a bottle of orange.
A. eat B. to eat C. drink D. to eat
13.The music ________ nice. Everyone can enjoy it.
A. listen B. sound C. listens D. sounds
14.—Does Kangkang ________ three brothers? —No, he ________. He only has one.
A. have; doesnˈt B. has; doesnˈt C. have; does
15.—Does Linda ______ three sisters?
—No. She only ______ one.
A. have; have B. have; has C. has; have
16.Everyone in my family _____ the housework. Many hands make light work.
A. Do B. does C. don’t do D. doesn’t do
动词的基本形式参考答案
一、
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称单数
第三人称复数
I
we
you
she、he、it、his father、your sister、car、milk、coffee、bread、our school、an umbrella
boys、students、bikes、monkeys、feet、fruits、vegetables
二、 1.It looks very beautiful, Master.
2.Monkey King is sleeping in his cave.
3.Yesterday I went to the Cloud Palace and I saw the Jade Emperor.
4.Bajie bought some peaches yesterday.
5.Wujing always makes sand sculptures.
三、1.C2.A3.B4.D5.B6.C7.C8.A9.A10.D11.A12.C13.D14.A15.B16.B
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!6
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$