2025届高三英语一轮复习核心词汇词性转换(按变化方式)清单

高考核心词汇词性转换（按变化方式） 一、名词/动词 → 形容词 1. -al: ①直接加al: personal musical original additional emotional occasional professional traditional ②去e, 加al： universe--universal globe--global culture—cultural agriculture—agricultural nature---natural 2.-cial： ce变成cial: finance---financial face---facial office—official 另外benefit---beneficial 3.-able rely---reliable enjoyable unbearable renewable uncomfortable suitable reasonable 去e：believe—unbelievable admire—admirable value—valuable adore--adorable 不去e： moveable changeable (双写t) forget—unforgettable 难忘的 4.-ible accessible terror---terrible horror---horrible 5.-ive act/ect结尾: active attractive subjective objective effective protective 另外: impressive expressive aggressive create—creative 6.-ous humorous poisonous mountainous dangerous vary—various luxury--luxurious harmony--harmonious mystery---mysterious (去e)nerve---nervous caution—cautious ambition--ambitious nutrition--nutritious religion--religious 7.-some tiresome troublesome 8.-ed 直接-ed: concerned shocked endangered unexpected gifted/talented limited/limitless addicted depressed stressed detailed accustomed crowded absorbed e结尾：united advanced balanced opposed pleased polluted determined educated involved engaged motivated retired injured 其他：fried committed shame—ashamed swell---swollen 肿胀的 9.名词+y 转换成形容词 dirty healthy wealthy dusty smelly salty sugary misty greedy guilty watery windy cloudy 双写：sunny foggy 10. –en golden wooden woolen 11.（注意：以下词语是形容词）friendly lovely lively daily weekly yearly timely及时的 lonely deadly likely motherly 母亲般的 12. –ful powerful thankful useful hopeful painful harmful careful stressful peaceful graceful doubtful successful faithful regretful respectful 恭敬的 beauty—beautiful mercy—merciful forgetful 健忘的 joyful 开心的 13. -ing： challenging surrounding rewarding appealing alarming 二、动词/形容词→名词 1. –ance (dis)appearance performance ignore—ignorance guide---guidance assistance enter---entrance insure—insurance resistance annoyance important---importance distant---distance significant--significance 2.-ence ①preference reference ②violent---violence patient---patience present---presence convenient---convenience evident---evidence intelligent---intelligence confident---confidence absent--absence consequent--consequence ③ different---difference independent---independence existent---existence 3.-ent 改为-ency: fluent—fluency emergent—emergency efficient—efficiency current--currency sufficient--sufficiency (注意：accurate--accuracy advocate--advocacy) 4. -de结尾，改为sion persuade---persuasion explode---explosion decide---decision conclude—conclusion divide---division (但：rude---rudeness wide----width) -mit结尾，改为mission : admit—admission permit—permission submit--submission 5. –ure failure pressure departure (离开) mix—mixture please--pleasure 6. –y recovery discovery delivery modesty honesty difficulty （去e,-y） injure---injury 7. –ty cruelty certainty safety 8. –ing ①suffering spelling finding saying warning ending parking misunderstanding opening ②rate--rating save--saving wrestle--wrestling beginning ③surroundings belonging greeting 9.-ity ar、or结尾： regularity similarity popularity majority minority al结尾： reality nationality personality equality diverse---diversity obese---obesity electricity active---activity 注意：curious---curiosity necessary—necessity vary---variety social—society 10.-ble改为-bility able—ability responsible---responsibility possible—possibility flexible---flexibility （但：capable--capacity） 11.-ness ①(表情感) happy---happiness sadness lonely---loneliness ②fitness weakness sickness homesickness illness ③(表品质) kindness goodness politeness rudeness carelessness ④(一明一暗) brightness darkness 另外: awareness forgiveness 12. –th young---youth bathe---bath breathe—breath true—truth warmth growth long—length wide—width deep--depth strong---strength high--height weigh--weight die—death 13. –ment （e结尾较多） (dis)agreement amazement advertisement excitement measurement achievement announcement amusement movement improvement settlement puzzlement encouragement arrangement statement judgement argue—argument (去e) appointment disappointment treatment adjustment commitment employment development entertainment equipment assignment government astonishment punishment assessment embarrassment establishment 14. –al arrive—arrival survive---survival approve---approval remove---removal revive--revival try---trial bury---burial 15. -ion: ①直接加ion: impression expression attraction rejection election selection collection construction interaction reaction digestion infection prediction extinction eruption ②去e,加ion: tense--tension devote--devotion contribute--contribution promote--promotion （-ate变成ation: concentration graduation appreciation illustration op operation participation motivation cooperation hesitation donation congratulations decoration association evaluation location 16. -ation: ①直接加ation adaptation consideration expectation information presentation transportation recommendation expectation ②去e,加ation civilize---civilization combine---combination invite---invitation organize---organization admire---admiration inspire--inspiration determine—determination explore---exploration prepare---preparation observe—observation reserve--reservation starve---starvation 17. -age: teenage shortage marry--marriage 18. -dom: freedom wise--wisdom biao 19.表身份：（er略） ①.-or conductor actor instructor director editor visitor inventor operate—operator translate—translator educate---educator possessor sailor survive—survivor compete—competitor ②. –ant assistant serve---servant apply---applicant participate--participant ③. –ist cycle—cyclist type--typist piano—pianist violinist journalist artist novelist ④-ian： musician library--librarian （注意:这几个词汇特殊）school---scholar lie---liar law---lawyer beg---beggar 三、名词/形容词→动词 1. 前加en: encourage endanger enlarge enrich ensure enable 2.后加en: lengthen strengthen straighten deepen widen broaden shorten lessen threaten weaken sharpen 3. 其他：company--accompany lower breath--breathe bath--bathe blood--bleed real--realize symbol--symbolize 四、其他 (无规律) A. 名词/动词变成形容词 noise—noisy base--basic science—scientific organ--organic fortune—fortunate anger---angry hunger---hungry consider—considerate detail—detailed energy—energetic history--historic die—dead athlete--athletic compete--competitive economy--economic B. 形容词变成名词 brave—bravery anxious—anxiety curious—curiosity free---freedom wise---wisdom short---shortage proud---pride high---height C. 动词变成名词 choose---choice advise---advice serve---service apologize---apology behave---behavior bleed—blood explain---explanation describe---description succeed---success fly—flight weigh---weight complain--complaint recognize--recognition attend---attention intend---intention represent—representative defend---defence(英)/defense(北美) respond----response vary---variety destroy---destruction solve---solution lose—loss laugh—laughter sign—signature repeat—repetition satisfy---satisfaction add---addition believe---belief relieve---relief prove--proof base--basic emphasize--emphasis compete---competition compare--comparison apply---application occupy--occupation destroy--destruction reduce--reduction assume--assumption consume--consumption 五、形容词→副词 (没有任何特征的形容词) ①entirely extremely sincerely severely vividly rarely barely merely fiercely rudely absolutely exactly accurately approximately fortunately privately deliberately immediately ultimately swiftly directly tightly slightly mildly wildly certainly particularly regularly firmly fairly roughly eagerly weakly briefly chiefly stiffly distinctly cruelly mostly nearly ②true—truly gentle--gently angry—angrily steady--steadily temporary—temporarily success—successfully increase—increasingly ③-ic 结尾： logic--logically historically energetically scientifically magically 六、否定前缀 1.前缀un- unconcerned unfriendly unwilling unhappy unpleasant unhealthy unfit uncomfortable unbearable unfinished unexpected unemployment unimportant unable unpaid unlike不像 unbelievable unforgettable 难忘的 unspoken unlikely unconscious unluckily unfortunately unlock unfair unclear uncertain 2.前缀dis- disagree dislike不喜欢 disable disadvantage discourage dishonest 3.前缀im- impossible impolite immoral 4.前缀in- informal incorrect indirect 5.前缀mis- misunderstanding misread 6.前缀il- /ir-/ab- illegal irregular abnormal 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$