高考七选五阅读理解解题策略 课件+学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

nullnull 高考“七选五”型英语阅读理解学案 I. Observing and learning 阅读下列文段，从文段后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并且思考解题的技巧。 【例1】 Thinking is a skill. __________ However, in most cases(情况), this skill is taken for granted(理所当然) especially where children are concerned. A. It is something that is learned and developed. B. This kind of thinking is great exercise for the brain. 【例2】 In fact, many top companies report that empathy(共鸣) is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __________ “Academics（学术） are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence(智力), you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says. A. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel. B. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life. 【例3】 Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome(结果). __________ A. This does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. B. Be aware that information may not be always true in different cases. 【例4】 Your children need to be deeply curious. __________ Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time? A. Encourage kids to cook with you. B. Bring science education into your child’s daily life. C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. 【例5】 That happens in the 1980s. And, most recently, she says many kinds of people have joined the movement. __________ They represent many races, regions and political beliefs. A. They are mainly from South America. B. Most often, their parents are their teachers. C. She says this includes rich people and poor people. 【例6】 _______ This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answer to any questions. The input you give your children during study periods(阶段) will help form a bond(纽带,关系) and make studying enjoyable. A. Spend time with your kids when they’re studying. B. Pick a place where your children can study properly. C. Try to stop the bad habit by offering some sort of reward. 【例7】 Winners are great at overcoming problems. _________ Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. A. Winners have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. B. Winners are good at seeing the problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents(技能). C. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. 【例8】 If you listen to Muzak(酒吧\饭店等录音助兴音乐) carefully, you will probably recognize the name of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don’t want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? ________ A. The music gives them extra energy. B. Muzak tends to help people understand music better. C. They get as much as $ 4 million a year if their songs are used. 【例9】 It’s important to show your child how money is traded(交易) for the thing he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员). ________ When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function(用途) of money, you can start explaining more complex(复杂的) ways of using money. A. Explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases (购买). B. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy shore. C. Ask your child to make a choice between different brands (品牌) of a product. (产品). 【例10】 Business is the organized approach(途径) to providing customers with the goods and services(服务) they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to (寻求) make a profit(利润)----that aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. ________ Commonly(通常) called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. A. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover (足够支付)their operating costs(经营成本). B. In this connection there is a difference between top management(管理) and operative management. C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals. II. Instant Practice（即时训练） A.阅读下列文段，运用所学解题技巧选出最佳答案，并且在文段后的括号中写出采用的解题策略序号。 ( ① 关注代词 ② 关注同义词 ③ 关注 近义词 ④ 关注上下义词 ⑤ 关注同范畴词 ) 【验证1】 A recent study by an American management institute shows that the processing(审核、处理) of documents(文档) takes up 60% of office works’ time, 40% of labor costs and up to 10% of business income. __________ （ ） A. Documents are increasingly the way to communicate with customers, suppliers and employees. B. These figures are hardly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information. C. Thinking these findings into account, document classification is of great importance. 【验证2】 Creative thinking techniques can develop children’s mind. __________ （ ） A. Improved thinking abilities will help you to understand more both in academic sense and in as an individual. B. Improved thinking abilities will help them to understand more both in academic sense and in as an individual. 【验证3】 By 2020, Dr. David Davis believes, car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever the weather conditions, by projecting (投射) an image of the road ahead on to the car’s wind-screen. __________ Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar(电牵引杆) to the car in front to form “road-trains”(公路列车). （ ） A. Every driver will use less fuel in the car he owns. B. They believe that cars will become more important in 20 years. C. And by 2030, cars will travel in line, linked to each other electronically. 【验证4】 True creativity is the ability to take something exciting and create something new. __________ There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can help them develop their creativity. （ ） A. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. B. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. 【验证5】 Researchers reported that empathy among students had dropped sharply over the years. Jennifer Freed has her own explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __________ （ ） A. Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but(根本不) empathetic. B. Everyone is different, and levels(水平) of empathy differ from person to person(因人而异). C. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel. B. 阅读下列文段，运用所学解题技巧选出最佳答案，并且在文段后的括号中写出采用的解题策略序号。 ( 1. 解释关系 2. 例证关系 3. 因果关系 4.顺逆关系 ) 【验证6】 Business management(管理) is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations(经营) of a business. ______ One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production, sales, the purchase(购买) of equipment, materials and supplies, and accounting. The second aspect(方面) relates to the application of these policies by departments. The third relates to the establishment(建立) of standards of word in all departments. ( ) A. Planning in business management has three main aspects. B. In the theory of business management, organization is very important. C. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management. 【验证7】 Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that’s not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don’t take it out on yourself. _________ ( ) A. You need to figure out what the problem is. B. Notice your friends’ feelings and find a way to help them. C. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. 【验证8】 Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven(证明) that Muzak(酒吧、饭店等助兴音乐) does what is id designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background(背景). ________ Supermarket shoppers buy 38% more groceries(杂货). ( ) A. Music is played in the background. B. Factory workers produce 13% more. C. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world. 【验证9】 Parents should help their children understand money. _______ So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candies or toys, for example. ( ) A. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. B. You should teach your children the value of money as early as possible. C. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest. III. Comprehensive Exercises（综合训练） 根据短文内容，运用所学的解题技巧从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Calm Your Teen’s Nerves(紧张) Before an Exam Stress(压力) is a feeling of physical, mental or emotional strain of tension, which disturbs or interferes(妨碍) with normal physiological balance. Stress can be overwhelming(强烈的) for anyone, but it can be especially difficult for a teen that has not yet developed effective coping(处理) skills. A major source of teen stress is school exams, and test anxiety is not uncommon. So, how can parents help their teen stay calm before an exam? Recognize when your teen is under stress. Teens can feel an immense pressure to do well on exams. For some teens, just the idea of taking the test can bring them into a panic (恐慌). 1 Emotional symptoms(症状) include: excessive（过度的） aggression, mood swings, and panic attacks. What should parents do? — Be involved(参与) Parents need to be involved in their teen's work. What they look for is your presence—to talk, or simply to sit with them quietly. Communicate openly with your teen. 2 . Help them get organized Help your teen think about what she has to study and plan accordingly. 3 . — Give them a nutritious diet It's important for your teen to eat a healthy, balanced diet during exam times to focus and do her best. 4 If this happens, encourage your teen to eat light meals or sandwiches. A healthy diet, rather than junk food, is best for reducing stress. — Show a positive attitude 5 If you panic, blame, or apply to much pressure, your teen will have an undue increase in their stress levels. Make your teen feel accepted and valued for her efforts. Most important, reassure your teens that things will be all right, no matter what the results are. A. Together, you and your teen can work out a time-table in which she can study for what she knows will be on the test. B. Parent’s attitude will dictate their teen’s emotions. C. Physical symptoms of stress and anxiety include: lack of sleep, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite（胃口） of irregular eating. D. Encourage your teen to relax. E. Encourage your teen to express his worries and fears, but don’t let them focus on those fears. F. Your teen may also make negative comments(消极评价) about themselves. G. Exam stress can make some teens lose their appetite. 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$“七选五”型阅读理解 高考英语专题教学 主要考查： 考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。 方法一： 观察词汇衔接手段 由于篇章都有连贯性、一致性和逻辑联系，所以在解答“七选五”型阅读理解时，可以通过观察词汇之间的照应来判定答案。 阅读下列文段，从文段后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并且思考解题的技巧。 【例1】 Thinking is a skill. __________ However, in most cases, this skill is taken for granted especially where children are concerned. A. It is something that is learned and developed. B. This kind of thinking is great exercise for the brain. Tip1: Finding Pronoun(代词) 5 在英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高，用以指代前面提及的名词或名词性质的词语。巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 Tip1: Finding Pronoun(代词) 【例2】 In fact, many top companies report that empathy(共鸣)is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. _____ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else — both what they think and how they feel. B. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life. Tip2: Finding synonym(同义词) —————————— ——————— Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contbutes to” or is “associated with” an outcome.____ A.This does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. B. Be aware that information may not be always true in different cases. 【例3】 Tip3: Finding relatives synonym (近义词) 8 在英语语篇的行文中，往往会使用同义词、近义词、近义表达甚至相同词汇，这为“七选五”型阅读理解提供了很好的解题线索。如果选项中出现与空格前后句相同的词汇，尤其是名词，则该项很有可能就是正确选项。 Tip3: Finding synonym and relatives synonym (同义词)/(近义词) Your children need to be deeply curious. ___Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. A. Encourage kids to cook with you. B. Bring science education into your child’s daily life. C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. 【例4】 Tip4: Finding same category(同范畴词) 10 我们把围绕同一话题出现的不同词汇或表达称为同范畴词，如围绕school这一话题，可能会出现诸如student, study, teacher, classroom等相关词汇，充分利用这些同范畴词同样也有助于解题。 Tip4: Finding same category(同范畴词) 选出不同类的单词。 1. A. sunny B. warm C. windy D. duck 2. A. pen B. pencil C. book D. watermelon 3. A. east B. right C. north D. south Understanding words of same category(同范畴词) That happens in the 1980s. And, most recently, she says many kinds of people have joined the movement. _______ They represent many races, regions and political beliefs. A. They are mainly from South America. B. Most often, their parents are their teachers. C. She says this includes rich people and poor people. Tip5: Finding hypernym (上义词)和hyponym(下义词) 读音均为[’haɪpənɪm] 【例5】 Tip1:Finding Pronoun(代词) Tip2:Finding synonym(同义词) Tip3:Finding relative synonym(近义词) Tip4:Finding same category(同范畴词) Tip5:Finding上义词(hypernym)和下义词(hyponym) Summary 方法二：分析逻辑衔接方式 在解答“七选五”型阅读理解时，除了可以借助语篇中的词汇衔接手段之外，还可以通过分析语篇中的逻辑衔接方式，尤其是设空句和前后句的逻辑关系来判定答案。 【例6】 _______ This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answer to any questions. The input you give your children during study periods(阶段) will help form a bond(纽带,关系) and make studying enjoyable. A. Spend time with your kids when they’re studying. B. Pick a place where your children can study properly. C. Try to stop the bad habit by offering some sort of reward. _____________________________________________________ 解释关系 “解释关系”指的是前后句之间含有解释说明的逻辑关系，这样的逻辑关系在这一题型中颇为常见，但却较为隐蔽，因为文段中未必会明显出现表示解释说明的词或短语。在解答针对主题句（过渡句、结论句）的设空时，可借助这一句际关系进行判断，此类句子的设空常位于每段的首尾，教易辨别。 16 【例7】 Winners are great at overcoming problem. _________ Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. A. Winners have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. B. Winners are good at seeing the problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents(技能). C. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. 例证关系 英语篇章中，若前后两句中，某一句是为了证明另一句的例子，那么彼此间就存在“例证关系”。 解题时如果遇到诸如for example, such as 一类的逻辑词，或者prove(证明), show, represent 之类的动词时，则前后句之间必然存在例证关系。 【例8】 If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the name of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don’t want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? ________ A. The music gives them extra energy. B. Muzak tends to help people understand music better. C. They get as much as $ 4 million a year if their songs are used. 因果关系 按“因果关系”组成的句群，既可以是从因到果， 也可以是从果到因。 当前后句存在因果关系时，往往会出现诸如because (of), for , since, as, reason, result, be due to(因为), thus(所以), therefore 等表达。 【例9】 It’s important to show your child how money is traded(交易) for the thing he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员). ________ When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function(用途) of money, you can start explaining more complex(复杂的) ways of using money. A. Explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases(购买). B. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy shore. C. Ask your child to make a choice between different brands(品牌) of a product(产品). 【例10】 Business is the organized approach(途径) to providing customers with the goods and services(服务) they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to (寻求) make a profit(利润)----that aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. ________ Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. A. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover (足够支付)their operating costs(经营成本). B. In this connection there is a difference between top management(管理) and operative management. C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals. 顺逆关系 “顺逆关系”事实上包括两种逻辑关系：顺承的逻辑关系和逆转逻辑关系。 解题时可以通过观察句中是否有and, also, besides, in addition, furthermore(再者), what’s more, on the other hand, but, however等表达来判断。 summary Instant Practice 阅读下列文段，运用所学解题技巧选出最佳答案，并且在文段后的括号中写出采用的解题策略序号。 ①关注代词 ②关注同义词 ③关注近义词 ④关注上下义词 ⑤关注同范畴词 A recent study by an American management institute shows that the processing of documents takes up 60% of office works’ time, 40% of labor costs and up to 10% of business income. ________ Documents are increasingly the way to communicate with customers, suppliers and employees. B. These figures are hardly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information. C. Thinking these findings into account, document classification is of great importance. 关注上下义词 【验证1】 26 Creative thinking techniques can develop children’s mind. __________ Improved thinking abilities will help you to understand more both in academic sense and in as an individual. B. Improved thinking abilities will help them to understand more both in academic sense and in as an individual. ①关注代词 【验证2】 By 2020, Dr. David Davis believes, car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever the weather conditions, by projecting an image of the road ahead on to the car’s wind-screen. __________ Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar to the car in front to form “road-trains”. A. Every driver will use less fuel in the car he owns. B. They believe that cars will become more important in 20 years. C. And by 2030, cars will travel in line, linked to each other electronically. 关注近义词 【验证3】 True creativity is the ability to take something exciting and create something new. _____ There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can help them develop their creativity. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. B. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. 关注同义词 【验证4】 Researchers reported that empathy(同情) among students had dropped sharply over the years. Jennifer Freed has her own explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. ______ Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic. B. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person. C. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel. 关注同范畴词 【验证5】 —— ———— ———— —— $$