Unit 5 Working the Land Words and expressions 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Words and expressions Ⅰ U5 Working the Land 1. _______________ vt.把…献给，专心于→_______________adj. 专心的，致力的→_______________n.致力，专心 2. _______________adj. 使相信；使确信→_______________adj. 确信的，深信的→_______________adj使某人信服的 3. characteristic n.特征 adj.典型的→_______________n. 性格 4. conventional adj. 传统的，习惯的→_______________n. 传统 5. assumption n. 假定，设定→_______________v. 假设 devote devoted devotion convince convinced convincing character convention assume 6. expand vt.扩大→_______________n. 扩大 7. consumption n. 消耗→ _____________v.消耗→ ___________n. 消费者 8. _______________adj.营养物的→_______________adj.有营养的→_______________n. 营养 9.digest vt.消化→_______________n. 消化 10.depth n.深度→_______adj.深的→_________adv. 深深地 v.加深 11.entirely adv.全部的，完整的→_______________adj. 全部的，整个的 expansion digestion entire consume consumer nutrition nutritious nutritional deep deeply deepen 1. devote /dɪ'vəʊt/ vt. 把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于 Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life. 原句 devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的 devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；挚爱 拓展 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。 P53 he/she is devoted to … 他/她致力于······ 举例 devote /dɪ'vəʊt/ vt. 把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于 For many years, Tu Youyou has been devoted to researching into traditional Chinese medicine.（选必1U1) 多年来，屠呦呦全力以赴研究中药。 我仍然记得你为提高我的英语口语和写作能力所做的努力。(应用文写作之感谢信) I still remember what you have devoted to improving my oral English and writing skills. 总之，我们致力于保护海洋的时候到了。(2022·全国甲卷应用文写作之倡议信) All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean. devote /dɪ'vəʊt/ vt. 把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于 注意: to用作介词 1.devote one’s life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth. 把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(做)某事 2.devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于/致力于/专心于做某事 3.be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事 devoted adj.忠诚的；深爱的；投入的(committed) a devoted father慈爱的父亲 1.be devoted to... 对……忠诚；深爱…… 【联想】“专注于/ 致力于做某事”的表达 be lost/buried in be absorbed in be engaged in be involved in focus on concentrate on 一句多译(走近时代楷模) 我最尊敬的人是袁隆平爷爷，他终生致力于研究杂交水稻和为人民服务。 The person I respect most is Grandpa Yuan Longping, who 1.______________________________________________________. (devote ...to) 2.__________________________________________________ (devote oneself to) 3._________________________________________________ (be devoted to) devoted his whole life to studying hybrid rice and serving the people. devoted himself to studying hybrid rice and serving the people. was devoted to studying hybrid rice and serving the people. (1)devote ... to (doing) sth. 把……献给(做)某事；致力于(做)某事 =devote oneself to (doing) sth. (to 为介词) e.g. devote one’s life/time/energy to sth./doing sth. 把生命/时间/精力投入到... (2)be devoted to (doing) sth. 献身于(做)某事；专心致志于(做)某事 1. He is so ________ to his English teaching that everyone admires him for his ________.(devote) 2. 我最崇拜的人是我的英语老师，她不仅人美，还致力于教学。(应用文写作之人物描写) ①The person I admire most is my English teacher ____________________ ____________________________________________.(定语从句) ②The person I admire most is my beautiful English teacher ____________________.(过去分词短语作后置定语) 巩固 devote /dɪ'vəʊt/ vt. 把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于 devoted devotion who/that is not only beautiful but also devotes herself to / is devoted to her teaching devoted to her teaching have a shortage of 缺少······ 原句 举例 P50 However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。 There is a desperate shortage of teachers in remote parts of India. 印度的偏远地区极度缺乏教师。 have a shortage of 缺少······ 归纳 拓展 material shortage 材料紧缺 shortage of drinking water 缺乏饮用水 short adj. 短的；不足的 -age 名词后缀 courage 勇气 marriage 结婚 damage 伤害 (1)for short 作为简称；作为缩写 in short 简单地说；总之 (2)be short of 缺少…… be short in 在……方面短(缺)的 (3)shorten v. (使)变短；(使)缩短 shortage n. 短缺 adj: short --- 形容词后加en变为动词： deep--deepen; dark--darken; wide--widen; bright--brighten; sharp--sharpen 一句多译：这些人因食物短缺而生活贫困。 These people are living in poverty ______________________________. (a shortage of) These people are living in poverty ___________________________. (shortage) These people are living in poverty ________________________. (be short of) because of a shortage of food because of food shortage because they are short of food tackle /ˈtækl/ vt.解决(难题); 应付(局面);处理 = solve / deal with / cope with tackle the problem 处理问题 tackle the crisis 处理危机 crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n.（pl. crises/-sɪ:z/） 危机,危急关头 food crisis 食物危机 financial crisis 金融危机 boost /buːst/ v. 使增长；使兴旺 n.增长；提高；激励 Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. 原句 举例 袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。 The farm has boosted wheat production by 25 percent. 农场的小麦增产了25%。 Winning the competition was a wonderful boost for her morale. 赢得那场比赛使她士气大振。 boost /buːst/ v. 使增长；使兴旺 n.增长；提高；激励 归纳 v. 使增长； 使兴旺 n. 增长； 提高；激励 boost boost yields 提高产量 boost exports/profits 增加出口量/提高利润 boost one’s confidence 增强某人的信心 boost one’s morale 增强某人的士气 a great/tremendous/welcome boost 很大的/极大的/令人感激的激励 give a boost to sth.推动······· a boost to/for... 增强······ 1. 通过驾驶考试极大地增强了我的自信心。 Passing my driving test was such _________ my confidence. 2. 翻译：我必须竭尽全力振奋他的精神，并说服他不要向暂时的失败屈服。 巩固 boost /buːst/ v. 使增长；使兴旺 n.增长；提高；激励 a boost to I must do whatever I could to boost his spirits and convince him not to yield to the temporary failure. yield n.产量;产出 vt.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服;让步 Wheat yields doubled last year. This land yields well. 3. His business yields big profits. 4. He would rather die than yield. n. 产量 vt. 出产 vt. 产生 vt. 区服 /jiːld/ convince /kən'vɪns/ vt.使相信；使确信；说服 Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 原句 举例 袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 I’m firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.(演讲稿) 我坚信诚实的重要性，它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。 Oscar convinces the manager to look into the record of advance ticket sales.(2012浙江卷）奥斯卡说服了经理查看预售票记录。 拓展 convince v. 相信 convinced adj. 相信的 convincing = persuasive adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信某事 convince sb. that...使某人相信······ convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 be convinced of... 坚信······；确信······ be convinced that ... 确信······ convince /kən'vɪns/ vt.使相信；使确信；说服 常用 v. + sb. +of + sth. 类型总结 convince sb. of sth. accuse sb. of sth. cure sb. of sth. inform sb. of sth. cheat sb. of sth. persuade sb. of sth. warn sb. of sth. remind sb. of sth. 1. First of all, you need to convince them ____ your enthusiasm for the job. 2. I’m not completely __________(convince) that he has the determination to overcome the difficulty. 3. His speech was so __________(convince) that everyone present entirely believed what he said. 4. 翻译：我深信我能胜任这份工作，如果有幸得到这个职位，我将尽最大 努力履行职责。(应用文写作之竞选稿) __________________________________________ and I will _____________________________ if I am lucky enough to get the position. 巩固 convince /kən'vɪns/ vt.使相信；使确信；说服 of convinced convincing I am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job endeavour to perform my duties 我相信你会喜欢剪纸，所以我邀请你去参加展览会。(应用文写作之邀请信) ________________________________, so I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition. _______________________________, I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) 巩固 convince /kən'vɪns/ vt.使相信；使确信；说服 Convinced that you like paper­cutting I’m convinced that you like paper­cutting 我相信如果你把我的建议列入考虑范围内，你一定会沉浸在广州的魅力当中。(应用文写作之建议信) 巩固 convince /kən'vɪns/ vt.使相信；使确信；说服 I’m convinced that if you take my suggestion into consideration, you will be immersed in the charm of Guangzhou. 归纳 characteristic /kærəktə'rɪstɪk/ n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的 characteristic character n. -istic 表示形容词“的” artistic 艺术的 simplistic 过分简单的 humanistic 人道主义的 品质, 特性, 特色 特征, 好的品质 人物, 角色 (书写或印刷)符号, (汉)字 characteristic /kærəktə'rɪstɪk/ n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的 One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. 原句 举例 杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。 1. She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm. 她说话带着特有的热情。 2. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ) 她想知道几个世纪的潜水是否会导致身体特征的进化，从而使潜水任务变得更容易。 attain /ə'teɪn/ vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到 One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. 原句 举例 杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。 1. 不管别人说什么，只要不向困难屈服你就一定能实现你的目标。 No matter what anyone says, you can attain your goals if you don’t yield to/give in to the difficulties/challenges. 2. 她致力于锻炼，结果，四个月后，她达到了理想的体重。 She is devoted to taking exercise, __________________, after 4 months, she had attained her ideal weight. as a result of which, 辨析 巩固 attain /ə'teɪn/ vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到 attain one’s goal(s) 实现某人的目标 attainable adj.可实现的 unattainable adj.难以实现的 attainment n.获得，达到 She refused to let the injury keep her from ________(attain) her goal of being in the Olympics. We need to set challenging but _________(attain) targets. attaining attainable conventional adj.传统的;习惯的 = traditional He was penetrated with a conventional idea . 他深受传统思想的影响。 I wish you weren't so conventional in the clothes you wear. 我希望你在穿戴上不要那么保守。 pollinate /ˈpɒləneɪt/ vt.授粉;传粉 develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants 培育自花授粉植物的杂交品种 assumption /ə'sʌmpʃən/ n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担； (权利的)获得 The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 原句 举例 当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。 It was impossible to make assumptions about people’s reactions. 臆断人们的反应是不可能的。 Be willing to challenge your assumptions and then learn from them. 要愿意挑战你的假设，然后从中学习。 归纳 assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得 assumption n. 假定 assume sb. /sth. to be… 假定/假设某人/某事为…… It is generally assumed that... 人们普遍认为…… assuming (that)... 假设…… on the assumption that ... 假定······ make an assumption 作出假设 assume v. 假定 巩固 assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得 _________(assume) you are right, we will make a great deal of money from the project. It __________(assume) that mental health is related to physical health. A lot of people make the __________(assume) that poverty only exists in the third world. ___ the assumption that everyone invited will turn up, the hall is a little crowded. Assuming is assumed assumption On 巩固 assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得 假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动，丰富我们的学校生活。（应用文写作之竞选稿） ， I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life. 6. 人们认为喝中国茶不仅能提神，还能增强记忆力。 People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory. →______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. (用It is generally assumed that...；not only...but also...的倒装句改写) It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves ，but also it can strengthen our memory Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Union intense adj.热切的;十分强烈的; 激烈的 intense feeling 强烈的感觉 He's been under intense pressure. 他面对着很大的压力。 My work is so intense that I even have no time to take a rest. 我的工作非常紧张，以致于我没有时间休息。 overcome /əʊvə'kʌm/ vt. 克服；解决；战胜 过去式：overcame 过去分词：overcome 现在分词： overcoming 变形 原句 Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。 归纳 overcome vt. 克服；解决；战胜 overwhelm 压倒；泛滥 overlook 俯视 overproduction 生产过度 overwork 过度劳累 over- 表示在上，超过 come v. 来到 归纳 举例 It’s greatly to your credit that you have overcome such great difficulty and accomplished the task ahead of time.（读后续写之升华主题） 你们克服了如此巨大的困难，提前完成了任务，你们值得赞扬。 overcome overcome difficulties 克服困难 overcome one’s fear 克服恐惧 overcome with grief 悲痛欲绝 overcome with/by emotion 激动得难以自持 [佳句] It is with great courage and outstanding professional skills that she overcame all the difficulties and finally won the competition.她凭借巨大的勇气和出色的专业技能，克服重重困难，最终赢得了比赛。 背诵点　读后续写之人物描写 巩固 overcome vt. 克服；解决；战胜 她激动得难以自持，有好几分钟说不出话来。（读后续写之情绪描写） ______________________, she found herself unable to speak for a few minutes. 看见我朋友悲痛欲绝，我是如此焦虑，我感觉就像热锅上的蚂蚁。（读后续写之情绪描写） Seeing my friend _________________, I was so anxious that I felt like an ant on a hot pan. Overcome with/by emotion overwhelmed with grief/overcome with grief felt like sitting on pins and needles 6. expand vt.&vi.扩大；增加　vt.扩展；发展(业务) (教材P50) This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. (1)expand on 详述 (2)expand one’s knowledge 拓展知识 expand one’s horizons/həraizn/ 开阔视野 = broaden one’s horizons expand one’s vocabulary 扩大某人的词汇量 这种杂交作物使农民能够大幅度地增加他们的水稻产量。 (2021·全国甲卷满分作文) 我们老师在班会上进一步说明了这个活动的细节。 It was at the class meeting that our teacher ___________________ of the activity. 我们上周五参加了一个志愿者活动，该活动开阔了我们的视野。 We took part in a voluntary activity last Friday, which ____________________. 背诵点　应用文写作之活动介绍 expanded on the details expanded our horizons (2022·全国乙卷) In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism(女权主义), which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. 她详述了西方的历史以及女权主义.......... output n.产量;输出;输出量 vt.(output,output)输出 Grain output reached a new high in the three years. 谷物产量达到三年来最高水平。 The output should be proportional to the input. 输出应当与输入成比例。 estimate /'estɪmeɪt/ vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 原句 Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种（形成的作物）让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。 estimate /'estɪmeɪt/ vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 举例 据估计这项工程将持续四年。 It is estimated that the project will last four years. 你能估计一下参与人数吗？ Can you make an estimate of the numbers involved? estimate /'estɪmeɪt/ vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 拓展 巩固 estimate sth. (at sth. ) 估价为…… be estimated to be/have 估计 It is estimated＋that … 据估计 at a rough estimate 粗略估计；粗略说来 The earthquake caused damage to property _________ (estimate) at 6 million. At ___ rough estimate, Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain. 翻译：据估计，今年对教育的总投资将继续增加。 ________________ total investment in education will continue to increase this year. a estimated It is estimated that domestic /dəˈmestɪk/ adj.本国的;国内的; 家用的;家庭的 domestic news 国内新闻 domestic affairs 家庭内务 domestic violence 家庭暴力 consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费 consume vt. 消耗，消费，吃喝 /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ The government encourages individual consumption. 政府鼓励个人消费。 The car scored well in fuel consumption. 那部汽车在燃料消耗方面获得好评。 There's too great a consumption of alcohol in China. 在中国酒的消耗量_太大了。 拓展 domestic consumption 国内消耗 annual consumption 年消耗量 consumption level 消费水平 consumer rights 消费者权益 consume one’s energy 消耗精力 consume vast amounts of money 花很多钱 be consumed by/with sth. 被······吞噬；充满 （某种强烈的感情） consumer n. 消费者 10. consumption /kən‘sʌmpʃən/ n.消耗；消耗量；消费 consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费 consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝 consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费 巩固 By contrast, __________ in the developed countries ________ the most energy in the world.(consume) In the developing world cigarette ___________ (consume) is increasing. 翻译：那座旅馆很快被大火吞噬。 翻译：我为自己的粗心而深感内疚。 consumers consume consumption The hotel was quickly consumed by fire. I was consumed with guilty because of my carelessness. be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成) 举例 归纳 该委员会由著名的登山运动员组成。 The committee is comprised of well- known mountaineers. 他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。 Their diet was largely comprised of vegetables. 【联想】 “由……组成”的表达 consist of ; be made up of ; be composed of 【注意】 consist of （无被动形式） Their diet consists largely of vegetables. 巩固 翻译：这次爱心义卖活动包括开幕式、卖东西和闭幕式。 （应用文写作之活动内容） The charity sale was comprised of the opening ceremony, the selling of objects and the closing ceremony. be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成) generate = produce /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ generate electricity发电 generate heat产生热量 Generate interest in study 对学习产生兴趣【2023佛山二模】 Chat GPT 生成型预训练变换模型（generative pre-trained transformer） generative adj.有生产力的，有生殖力的；（语言学）生成的 vt.产生;引起 strain n.(动、植物的)系; 品种;拉伤;压力 1. He created a new strain of sheep. 他培育出一个新的绵羊_____。 2. The rope finally broke under the strain. 绳子在______之下终于断了。 3. All her senses were on the strain when the test was going on. 测试时，她所有的感官都处于______状态。 /streɪn/ 品种 压力 紧张 leisure n.闲暇;休闲;空闲 /ˈleʒə(r)/ Life today is divided into work and leisure. 现今生活分成工作和闲暇两部分。 I have no leisure for playing cards. 我没有闲暇玩牌。 deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 原句 举例 Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. 实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。 He seems confident but deep down he’s quite insecure. 他好像很有信心，实际上却没什么把握。 我很高兴你回来了。我只是在我心里深处隐藏着我的喜悦。 I am glad that you’re back. I’m just hiding my joy deep down inside. soil n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土 /sɔɪl/ celebrity n.名望;名誉;名人;名流 /səˈlebrəti/ 复数 celebrities envision /ɪnˈvɪʒn/ vt.展望;想象 = imagine I can't envision him doing such a terrible thing. 我不敢想象他能做出这种可怕的事。 vision /ˈvɪʒn/ n.想象;视力;视野;影像 1. I've had my eyes tested and the report says that my vision is perfect. 我的眼睛检查过了，检查报告说我的______非常好。 2. We apologize for the loss of vision. 很抱歉没办法显示 。 3. She unites common sense with vision. 她将_______与常识联系起来。 视力 影像 想象 sorghum /ˈsɔːɡəm/ n.高粱;高粱米 broom /bruːm/ n.扫把;扫帚;金雀花 grain /ɡreɪn/ n.谷物;谷粒;颗粒 Long ago ， he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum，with each ear of rice as big as a broom，and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut . 很早以前，他曾设想水稻植株高度比肩高梁，稻穗大如扫帚，稻米饱满如花生。 拓展 in reality 事实上；实际上 become a reality 变成现实 real adj. 真的；真实的；真正的 really adv. 真实地；非常 realistic adj. 现实的；逼真的 realize vt. 实现；意识到 reality /rɪ'ælɪtɪ/n. 现实；实际情况；事实 reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实 巩固 I ________(real) don’t see any reason for changing it. Some people ________(real) that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive. The speed of 6G will exceed 125GB/s, allowing for new generation of virtual ________. (real) (2020·江苏卷) really realize reality 6G的速度将超过125GB/s，实现新一代虚拟现实。 salty /ˈsɔːlti/ adj 含盐的;咸的 urban /ˈɜːbən/ adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的 反 suburban adj.郊区的 bomb /bɒm/ wartime bombs 战时炸弹 A bomb exploded somewhere near. 一颗炸弹在附近爆炸。 The bomb has been safely disposed of. 炸弹已安全处理。 n.炸弹 vt.轰炸;对…投炸弹 tunnel /ˈtʌnl/ n.地下通道;地道;隧道 extension /ɪk'stenʃən/ n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 原句 The shelter, which could protect up to 8,000 people from wartime bombs, is comprised of two large tunnels that were intended to one day become an extension of the London Underground. 这个避难所，可以保护多达8000人免受战时炸弹的袭击，它由两条巨大隧道组成，计划有一天成为伦敦地铁的延伸。 The extension of the garden will take several weeks. 扩建花园需要几个星期。 The city is building an extension to the subway line. 这座城市正在扩建地铁路线。 extend vt.延伸，扩展 1. We built an extension to our house. 我们_______了我家的房屋。 2. an extension of visa 3. telephone extension 扩建 签证的延期 电话分机 extend vt.延伸，扩展 (空间，事件) 1. The field extended into infinity. 2. The hot weather extends into October. extend one's life extend my heartfelt gratitude 无限延展 持续（延长） 延长生命 表示由衷的感激 chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品 chemical adj.化学的 n.化学品 chemistry n.化学 chemist n.化学家 wheat /wiːt/ n.小麦;小麦籽 flavour(-vor) /ˈfleɪvə(r)/ n.味道;特点;特色 fertiliser( -izer) /'fɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/ n.肥料 nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的 nutritional adj.营养(物)的 nutrition n.营养;滋养 nutritious food/ diets （食物富含营养） 营养食物/营养餐 nutritional content/ value （与营养相关的东西） 营养成分/ 营养价值 alleviate /əˈliːvieɪt/ vt.减轻;缓解 alleviate one's pain/sorrow/ sore throat 拓展： alleviation (n.) 缓和 measures to alleviate poverty 扶贫措施 poverty n.贫穷;贫困 poor adj. 贫穷的 live in poverty 过着穷苦的生活 lift people out of poverty 让人们摆脱贫困 reduce poverty 缓解贫困 /ˈpɒvəti/ organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj.有机的;不使用化肥的; 有机物的 organ n.器官 organic adj. 有机的 organism n. 有机体 organize vt.组织 organization n.组织 organically (adv.) 有机地，有组织地 organic food/farming 有机食品/耕作 pesticide /ˈpestɪsaɪd/ n.杀虫剂;除害药物 widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/ adj.分布广的;普遍的;广泛的 More/most widespread 更/最广泛的 a widespread disease 广泛传播的疾病 bacterium /bækˈtɪərɪəm/ n.(pl. –ria /-riə/)细菌 bacteria 复数 in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流 女孩依次大声喊出了自己的姓名。 The girls called out their own names in turn. by turns 轮流 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 digest /daɪˈdʒest/ /ˈdaɪdʒest/ digestion n.消化 the food vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘 have a good/poor digestion 消化能力强/弱 digestible (adj.) 易消化的；易理解的 essential /ɪ'senʃəl/ adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 原句 举例 They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well. 此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。 Most authorities agree that play is an essential part of a child’s development. 大多数权威人士认为玩耍是孩子成长的一个重要部分。 拓展 essential adj.完全必要的(necessary)；极其重要的(vital) be essential to (doing) sth. 对……不可缺少的 It is essential for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是必要的 It is essential that...(should) do sth. 做某事是很有必要的 essential /ɪ'senʃəl/ adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 be essential to /for... 对...很重要 essentially (adv.) 根本上，基本上 essence(n.) 本质，实质 in essence 本质上，实质上 mineral /ˈmɪnərəl/ n.矿物;矿物质 adj.含矿物的；矿物的 alternative /ɔːl'tɜːnətɪv/ n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的 原句 举例 As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. 作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。 这辆车太贵了，因此我们正试图找到一种更便宜的替代品。 The car is too expensive so we're trying to find a cheaper alternative. alternative (n.) 可供选择的事物 an alternative to...... ......的替代品 have no alternative but to do sth. =have no choice/option but to do sth. 除了做某事之外别无选择 alternative (adj.) 可供替代的 an alternative method/way of doing sth. 做某事的其他方法 an alternative energy 替代能源（太阳能、风能、水能等） alternatively .(adv.) 要不；或者 alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 巩固 I could come to your house, or (alternative) we could meet in the town. For instance, solar energy is an alternative fossil fuel. 面对新冠，我们别无选择只能待在家里以缓解这个严重的境况。 Faced with COVID-19, _______________________________ _____ to alleviate the serious situation. we have no alternative but to stay at to alternatively home 单句语法填空 ①(2022·全国乙卷)There are ______________ (alternative) to constant written communication， such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ②I could come to your house，or ______________ (alternative)，we could meet in the town. ③For instance，solar energy is an alternative _____ fossil fuel. alternatives alternatively to alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 巩固 为了减少污染，我们人类别无选择只能选择一些清洁资源。例如，太阳能成为燃料能源的替代品。（应用文写作之倡议信） 面对这样的困境, 我们没有选择只能等待援救。（读后续写之陷入困境） In order to reduce pollution, we human beings have no alternative but to choose some clean resources. For instance, solar energy is an alternative to fossil fuel. Faced with such a dilemma, we have no alternative but to wait for rescue. grocery /ˈɡrəʊsəri/ n.食品杂货店;[pl]食品杂货 grocer n.食品杂货商 instance /ˈɪnstəns/ n.例子;实例;事例 for instance 例如;比如 depth /depθ/ n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度) 原句 归纳 Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. 有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。 deep adj. 深的 -th 名词后缀 height 高度 width 宽度 length 长度 strength 强度，力量 depth /depθ/ n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度) 拓展 deep adj. 深的 deeply adv. 深深地； 强烈地 deepen one’s understanding of different cultures 加深理解不同文化 deepen vt. 加深；(使)变深 feel deeply in love 深陷爱河 be deeply impressed by 深受影响 depth n. 深度 a man of great depth and insight具有渊博学识和洞察力的人 the depth of ... ···的深度 in depth 全面地；深入地 be deep in thought 陷入沉思 depth /depθ/ n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度) 巩固 You also need to judge the quality and _____(deep) of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷) 他的眉头皱着更紧了。（读后续写之动作描写） 我们向他们表达了深深的谢意。(应用文写作之感谢信) depth His frown deepened. We have expressed the depth of our gratitude to them. depth /depθ/ n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度) 巩固 这个节日不仅让我们沉浸于不同的文化活动中，而且给我们提供一个加深理解不同文化的机会.（2022年浙江卷书面表达） =deepen our insight into Not only did the festival immerse ourselves in diverse cultural activities, but it also provided an opportunity for us to deepen our understanding of different cultures. root /ruːt/ n.根茎;根部;根源 put down deep roots 扎根土壤深处 the root of evil 万恶之源 be rooted in... 根源在于... root up 连根拔起 entirely /ɪnˈtaɪəli/ adv.全部地;完整地;完全地 entire adj.全部的(只用于名词前) an entire set of Lun Xun's works 一整套《鲁迅全集》 aspect /ˈæspekt/ n.方面;层面;外观，样子 He has made progress in every aspect. 他在各方面都有起色。 Our school takes on an entirely new aspect. Vietnam /ˌvjet'næm/ 越南(国家名) LED(light-emitting diode) /略/ 发光二极管 DDT 旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂 $$