内容正文:
谓语动词的时态
(十大时态)
Part 01
谓语动词的时态
一般现在时:do/does 一般过去时:did
一般将来时:shall/will do
一般过去将来时:should/would do
现在进行时:am/is/are doing
过去进行时:was/were doing
将来进行时:shall/will be doing
现在完成时:have/has done
过去完成时:had done
现在完成进行时:have/has been doing
十个必备时态
1、构成
由动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则在动词原形后加-s或-es,变化规则如下:
①一般情况:-s(e.g. look→looks)
②以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾的动词:-es(e.g. teach→teaches;go→goes)
③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词:变y改i再加-es(e.g. fly→flies;cry→cries)
一、一般现在时
2、用法
①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态
Tom goes to school at 7:30 every morning.
Tom每天早上七点半去上学。
Do you often watch movies on weekends?
你周末常去看电影吗?
(注意:常与一般现在时连用的状语有usually,always,never,every day,often,sometimes,occasionally,seldom,once a week,generally,rarely等)
一、一般现在时
2、用法
②表示现在的特征、能力、性格等。
We are very tired these days.
这些天我们很累。
This job needs great patience.
这份工作需要极大的耐心。
③表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言等。
The sun rises from the east.
太阳从东边升起。
Sound travels slower than light.
声音比光传播得慢。
一、一般现在时
2、用法
②表示现在的特征、能力、性格等。
We are very tired these days.
这些天我们很累。
This job needs great patience.
这份工作需要极大的耐心。
③表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言等。
The sun rises from the east.
太阳从东边升起。
Sound travels slower than light.
声音比光传播得慢。
一、一般现在时
2、用法
④表示将来
i)在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中。
Even if we achieve great success in the race, we will not be happy.
即使我们在比赛中获得优胜,我们也不会高兴。
ii)按时间表将要发生的动作或事先安排好的动作。
The bus arrives at 12:00.
巴士十二点到达。
一、一般现在时
2、用法
⑤用于图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。
Tom hands Jerry the potatoes. Jerry cuts the potatoes and puts them in the pot with the beef.
汤姆把土豆递给杰瑞。杰瑞切好土豆,把土豆和牛肉一起放入了锅里。
一、一般现在时
2、用法
⑤用于图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。
Tom hands Jerry the potatoes. Jerry cuts the potatoes and puts them in the pot with the beef.
汤姆把土豆递给杰瑞。杰瑞切好土豆,把土豆和牛肉一起放入了锅里。
一、一般现在时
1、构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示。其规则动词变化方法如下:
①一般情况:加-ed(e.g. hand→handed)
②以辅音字母加y结尾的动词:去y改i加-ed(e.g. cry→cried;try→tried)
③以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词:双写结尾辅音字母,再加-ed(e.g. stop→stopped;plan→planned)
④以字母e结尾的动词:加-d(e.g. smile→smiled;like→liked)
二、一般过去时
2、用法
①表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常常与yesterday,three days ago,in 1999等表示过去的时间状语连用。
CCTV-5 broadcast the ping-pong match last night.
昨天晚上中央电视台五套栏目播放了这场乒乓球赛。
②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常常与often,always等表示频率的时间状语连用。
When I was a child, I often sat under this tree.
我小时候经常坐在这棵树下。
二、一般过去时
2、用法
③在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
Jim said he would come if Lily promised to join the party.
Jim说如果Lily答应来派对的话,他也会来。
④“used to+动词原形”或“would+动词原形”也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,但两者的用法有所区别。
I used to play computer games every night.
我以前每天晚上都打游戏。(现在不在这样做了)
We would stay up all night gossiping.
(那时候)我们常常彻夜聊八卦。(今后有可能再发生)
二、一般过去时
1、基本形式及用法
一般将来时由“will/shall+动词原形”构成,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,next day,in the near future等。
The new game will be available in December.
这个游戏将会在12月上线。
三、一般将来时
2、表示将来意义的其他方式
①be going to do表示现在打算做的事或有迹象表明最近要发生的事。
They are going to hold a meeting to discuss the future project plan.
他们打算开个会来讨论之后的项目计划。
It's dark outside and it's going to rain later.
外面天黑了等会儿会下雨。
三、一般将来时
2、表示将来意义的其他方式
②be doing可用于表示计划、安排好要采取的动作或要做的事情,常与表将来的时间状语连用。
We’re leaving by train tonight. 我们今晚乘火车离开。
③一般现在时可以表示规定、计划或时间表要发生的事;在条件、时间、让步状语从句中可用一般现在时表将来。
According to the timetable, we have no classes this Friday.
根据时间安排,这周五我们不上课。
He will call his wife as soon as he has time.
他一有时间就会给他太太打电话。
三、一般将来时
2、表示将来意义的其他方式
④be about to do表示客观马上要发生的事,一般不与具体的时间状语连用,可与when连用。
I’m not about to stop when I am so close to my goal.
当我离目标这么近的时候,我是不会停下来的。
⑤be to do sth.表示安排好或要求做的事。
He is to leave tomorrow Xiamen.
他明天要离开厦门。
三、一般将来时
1、构成
be(am/is/are)+动词-ing。动词-ing的变化规则如下:
①一般情况:加-ing(e.g. train→training)
②以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词:双写末尾辅音字母,再加-ing(e.g. run→running;regret→regretting)
③不发音的字母e结尾的动词:去掉e,再加-ing(e.g. smile→smiling;date→dating)
四、现在进行时
2、用法
①表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事,常与now,at this time,at present等连用。
I’m waiting to talk to you, sir.
先生,我正等着和您谈话。
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
Lily is writing a book she is going to publish.
莉莉正在写她将要出版的一本书。
四、现在进行时
2、用法
③用来强调某个反复重复的动作,常与always,constantly,continually,forever等副词连用,表达说话者对主动行为的生气、赞扬、同情、不满、好奇等情绪。
Ben is always thinking of himself.
Ben总是考虑他自己。(抱怨)
④表示按计划或安排要发生的事。
The bus is arriving soon.
公交车马上要到了。
四、现在进行时
2、用法注意:
一般不用于进行时态的动词
存在状态:stay,exist,be等
从属与占有:belong(to),contain,have等
感觉、感知:hear,see,smell,taste等
感情:like,prefer,hate,love等
思考、理解等心理活动:forget,know,believe,doubt等
四、现在进行时
1、构成
was/were+动词-ing。
2、用法
①表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在发生的动作。
We were playing football at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候我们正在踢足球。
常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有at this time,at that moment,at this time yesterday等。
五、过去进行时
2、用法
②用来描写故事发生的背景或提供故事发生的时间背景。
It was a rainy day. I was on my way to school. Then I found a dying kitten on the side of the road.
那是一个下雨天,我正在去上学的路上。然后我在路边发现了一只奄奄一息的小猫。
③表达褒贬等感情色彩:过去进行时可以和always,constantly,continually,forever等连用,表示说话人的主观感情,如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。
Old Tom was always complaining about that, about everything he could.
老汤姆总是抱怨着抱怨那,抱怨一切他可以抱怨的东西。
五、过去进行时
1、构成
have/has+过去分词。
2、用法
①表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
The books have been put back on the shelf.
这些书已经被放回了架子上。
六、现在完成时
2、用法
②表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态。
Calls for laws to protect women in the workforce have continued for more than a decade.
呼吁设立保护女性就业的法律的声音十多年间来从未停止。
常与现在完成时连用的状语有already,yet,recently,lately,never,ever,before,since then,for a long time,in the past/last few years,up to now,so far等。
六、现在完成时
2、用法
③在固定句型中。
(1)在“This/It is the first/second/...time + that从句”中,that从句用现在完成时。
This is the first time that Wang Tao has seen a live penguin.
这是王涛第一次看到活生生的企鹅。
(2)在“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”中,since从句用一般过去时。
It is/has been three years since Mingming studied in the international school.
明明在国际学校已经学习三年了。
六、现在完成时
(1)构成
should/would+动词原形。
(2)用法
表示过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
The new book he would be reading was Pilgrimage to the West.
他将读到的新书是西游记。
七、过去将来时
3、表示过去将来的其他方式
①was/were going to do表示过去打算或计划
He said he was going to quit his job at the end of this year. 他说他打算在年底辞去工作。
②was/were about to do结构指过去某时“即将”发生的动作。
He was about to wash the dishes when a dish fell to the floor.
他正要去洗碗,一只盘子掉到了地上。
七、过去将来时
3、表示过去将来的其他方式
③was/were doing多用于go,come,leave,arrive等瞬间性动词,表过去将要发生的情况。
A lot of people were coming to watch the movie.
许多人都会来看电影。
七、过去将来时
1、构成
will/shall+be+动词-ing。
2、用法
表示将来某时正在进行的动作,也可以表示已计划好的事。
This time tomorrow we'll be camping in the countryside.
明天这个时候我们会在郊外露营。
八、将来进行时
1、结构
had+过去分词。
2、用法
①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。
He had finished his homework when he went to bed yesterday.
昨天他去睡觉的时候已经完成了他的作业。
I had made all the plans before my trip to Beijing last year.
我去年去北京旅游前已经做好了所有攻略。
九、过去完成时
2、用法
②过去完成时的固定结构
i)had hardly done...when...did...和no sooner had...done...than...did...表示“一……就……”;当hardly位于句首时,主句部分倒装。
Her brother had hardly heard the terrible news when he widened his eyes.
他的弟弟一听到这个骇人听闻的消息就瞪大了眼睛。
九、过去完成时
2、用法
②过去完成时的固定结构
ii)在“That/It was the first/second/...time+that从句”中,that从句用过去完成时。
That was the first time that I had finished my homework so early.
那是我第一次那么早完成作业。
九、过去完成时
2、用法
②过去完成时的固定结构
iii)在“It was/had been+时间段+since从句”中,从句用过去完成时。
It was ten years since he had left his hometown.
他离开家乡已经十年了。
注意:“by+过去的时间”意为“截止到过去的某个时间”,可与过去完成时态连用; “by+现在的时间”意为“截止到现在的某个时间”,可与现在完成时态连用。
九、过去完成时
1、构成
have/has+been+动词-ing。
2、用法
①表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,这个动作现在仍在继续。
I have been preparing the test since last year.
我从去年开始一直在准备这场考试。
十、现在完成进行时
2、用法
②表示动作开始于过去某时,说话时刚刚结束。此时句中通常没有表示一段时间的时间状语。
You look so tired. Have you been running?
你看起来很累。你一直在跑步吗?
The cicada had been making noise outside, but now it had stopped.蝉一直在外面制造噪音,但现在它停下来了。
③表示一段时间里重复的动作。
You have been running this month.你这个月一直在跑步。
十、现在完成进行时
1、现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性;现在完成时强调某个刚刚完成的动作或过去的某个动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。
He has cleaned the table.
他把桌子擦干净了。(动作已完成)
He has been cleaning the table.
他一直在擦桌子。(动作不一定完成)
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的主要区别
2、一些静态动词常用现在完成进行时,如lie,sit,wait,stand等。而一些状态动词、感官动词和情态动词如see,feel,know,love等,不可用于现在完成进行时,但可以用于现在完成时。
I have been waiting for you for a long time.
我一直等你很久了。
I have know the boy for a long time.
我认识那个男孩儿很久了。
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的主要区别
Part 02
练习
1.So far, a theme park in western France __________(employ) six birds, more exactly six crows, to collect and deal with garbage—mainly cigarette ends and other small pieces.
2.A few years back, psychologists at the University of California, San Diego, __________(discover) when words or phrases are repeated a few times...
3.Since then, electric vehicles __________(improve) in cost, performance, efficiency and availability.
练习
has employed
discovered
have improved
4.Inside the house, many of the features—including its floor, staircase, and ceiling beams—__________(restore) so much so that they appear fancy and shiny.
5.Years ago, people went to stores and __________(try) clothes on.
6.Another negative effect on the environment that can not __________(ignore) is caused by the chemicals used to make the clothes.
练习
have been restored
tried
be ignored
7.But the challenges __________(outweigh) by the memorable experiences on her way.
8.So far, Gutierrez __________(travel) to book fairs in Mexico and Chile to share his experience of starting a library.
9.The high costs of raising a child __________(cause) officials to place restrictions on the private tutoring industry in the last few years.
练习
were outweighted
has traveled
have caused
10.Last week, Hiroyuki Komatsu, a Google engineer, __________(submit) a proposal to add new icons to the standard emoji library which could help those with food allergies understand what they are eating.
11.Multiple tasks __________(complete) by them over the past five months, including performing two spacewalks and a live science lecture.
12.Nowadays, electric cars __________(design) for the common people.
练习
submitted
have been completed
are designed
13.Since 2008, a boom in electric vehicle production __________(occur) due to the progress in batteries and energy management.
14.It __________(believe) that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future.
15.The healing effect of the art __________(realize) when the arranger comes to terms with what they truly want.
练习
has occured
is believed
is realized
16.Originally, the game __________(create) to activate office atmosphere by Josh Wardle, a New York software engineer.
练习
was created
感谢聆听
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