Module 12【刷语法】构词法(重点语法提升练)-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册单元模块满分必刷题(外研版)

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2024-2025学年九年级英语上册单元模块满分必刷题(外研版) Module 12 Save our world【刷语法】(重点语法提升练) 构词法 1.概念: 构词法是指研究词形变化规则的方法。 2.分类: 合成法、转化法、派生法、缩写法和简写法。 考点一:合成法 合成法就是把两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列构成新词的方法。用此法构成的词叫复合词。复合词主要包括复合名词、复合代词、复合形容词和复合副词等。 1.复合名词: (1)名词+动词headache,daybreak (2)动词+名词playground,postcard (3)名词+名词basketball,classroom (4)形容词+名词blackboard,grandfather (5)动名词+名词waiting-room,sitting-room 2.复合代词: (1) some (any,every,no) +body:somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody (2)some (any,every,no) +thing:something,anything,everything,nothing 3.复合形容词有: man-made,kind-hearted,hard-working 4.复合副词有: upstairs,downstairs,everywhere,maybe等 。另外,复合动词有understand,复合介词有without等。 考点二:转化法 转化法就是将某些单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词方法。词性转化有以下几种情况: 1.名词→动词 如:There’s a lot of rain in this country. 这个国家多雨。 It’s still raining now. 现在还在下雨。 2.动词→名词 如:What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么? There will be a talk next week. 下周会有一场演讲。 3.形容词→动词 如:The classroom is not clean. 教室不干净。 You must clean it tomorrow. 你明天必须打扫。 考点三:派生法 派生法就是将前,后缀附加到某些词上构成新词的方法。初中英语主要有以下几种前、后缀: 1.常用前缀:前缀一般不造成词性的转换,但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。 前缀 含义 例词 anti- 反对; 防止 anti-war反战  anti-freeze防冻剂 co- 共同;相互 co-author合著者 cooperate合作 dis- 不;无 disappear消失  dishonest不诚实的 en- 使可能 enable使能够  enlarge扩大 il- 不;非 illegal非法的 im- 不 impossible不可能的 impatient不耐烦的 in- 不;非 inexpensive不贵 incomplete不完全的 ir- 不;无 irregular不规则的 mis- 错误的 misunderstanding误解 non- 不;非 non-smoker不吸烟者 re- 再;又 retell复述  reunion重聚 super- 超级 supermarket超市 tele- 远程 telescope望远镜  telephone电话 un- 不 unlike不像  uncomfortable不舒服的 2.常用后缀: 通过加后缀构成另一个词。后缀不仅能改变词义,也能改变词类。 词类 后缀 例词 名词 -er, -or, -ess teacher教师inventor发明家actress女演员 -an,-ian American美国人musician音乐家 -ese Chinese中国人;汉语 Japanese日本人;日语 -ing building建筑物  sightseeing观光 -ist artist艺术家  scientist科学家 -ment government政府 development发展 -ness illness疾病 coldness寒冷 -ship leadership领导(力) friendship友谊 -th truth事实 warmth温暖 -ion,-tion, -ation,-sion education教育competition比赛 invention发明 translation翻译decision决定 -ty safety安全 necessity必要性 -hood childhood童年neighborhood街区 形容词 -able comfortable舒服的 enjoyable快乐的 -ible flexible灵活的 -al traditional传统的national民族的 -d, -ed surprised感到吃惊的 moved感动的 interested感兴趣的 relaxed放松的 -en wooden木制的  golden金色的 -ern eastern东方的  western西方的 -ing interesting有趣的 exciting使人兴奋的 -ive active有活力的 impressive令人难忘的 -ful careful仔细的 helpful有帮助的 useful有用的 -less careless粗心的  useless无用的 -ly friendly友好的  weekly每周的 -ous humorous幽默的 dangerous危险的 -y lucky幸运的dirty肮脏的 数词 -teen thirteen十三fifteen十五 -ty sixty六十 seventy七十 -th fourth第四fifth第五 副词 -ly carefully细心地happily开心地 考点四:缩写和简写 1. 缩写指把单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。 (1)截头telephone → phone,aeroplane → plane (2)去尾mathematics → math (s),kilogram → kilo laboratory → lab,examination → exam (3)截头去尾 influenza → flu,refrigerator → fridge 2. 简写指把单词首字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式:各字母分别读;作为一个单词读。 very important person → VIP,United Kingdom → UK the United States of America → the USA, the People’s Republic of China → PRC 3. 混合法(混成法)指把两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体,前半部分表示属性。 news broadcast → newscast 新闻广播 television broadcast → telecast 电视播送 smoke and fog → smog 烟雾 语法过关小测满分:80分,时间:40分钟 一、单项选择(每小题1分,共40分) 1.Which of the following words is formed the same way as “wartime”? A.suggestion B.bookworm C.accountant D.carelessness 【答案】B 【详解】句意:以下哪个词的构成方式与 “wartime” 相同? 考查构词法。“wartime”是由两个名词“war”和“time”构成的合成词。选项中“bookworm”也是由两个名词“book”和“worm”构成的合成词,与“wartime”构词法一致。故选B。 2.Which word is formed the same way as the word “bookworm”? A.handbag B.pronunciation C.impatient D.achievement 【答案】A 【详解】句意:下面哪个单词组成形式类似“bookworm”? 考查合成词。handbag手提包;pronunciation发音;impatient不耐心的;achievement成就。bookworm由book和worm组成,而选项A中handbag由hand和bag组成。故选A。 3.Spring is a colourful season full of beautiful and lively scenes. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “colourful”? A.beauty B.friendly C.impossible D.doorbell 【答案】B 【详解】句意:春天是一个多姿多彩的季节,充满了美丽和生机勃勃的的景色。以下哪一个单词的构成方式与“彩色”一词相同? 考查构词法。beauty美丽,是名词;friendly友好的,是由名词friend加-ly构成的,是派生词;impossible不可能的,是由否定前缀im和possible构成的,是派生词;doorbell门铃,是由名词door和名词bell构成,是合成词。根据colourful是由名词colour加-ful构成的派生词,因此friendly与colourful构成方式相同。故选B。 4.In the words “retell” and “reuse”, “re”means “ _________ ” A.very B.more C.again 【答案】C 【详解】句意:在单词“复述”和“再次使用”中,“re”意思是“再”。 考查构词法。very非常;more更多;again再,又。根据“retell” 意思为“复述”; “reuse”的意思为“再次利用”,可知re作前缀,表示“再”、“重新”、“重复”的意思,故选C。 5.The word “________” is formed the same way as “impatient”. A.incorrect B.patiently C.humorous D.pancake 【答案】A 【详解】句意:“incorrect”一词的构成与“impatient”相同。 考查构词方式。incorrect不正确的,in为前缀,表否定;patiently耐心地,为副词,是由形容词patient词尾加ly构成;humorous幽默的,由名词humor加ous构成;pancake煎饼,由pan+cake构成。impatient中im是前缀,表否定,与incorrect构成方式相同。故选A。 6.In the words “homeless”, “careless” and “useless”, “-less” means “________”. A.full of B.without C.very much 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在“无家可归”、“粗心大意”和“无用”这些词中,“-less”的意思是“没有”。 考查词缀的含义。full of充满;without没有;very much非常。在“homeless”、“careless”和“useless”这些词中,“-less”的意思是“没有”。故选B。 7.Which of the following suffixes is used to form a noun? A.-tion B.-less C.-ful D.-ly 【答案】A 【详解】句意:下列哪个后缀用来构成名词? 考查后缀。-tion用来构成名词的后缀;-less用来构成形容词的后缀;-ful用来构成形容词的后缀;-ly用来构成形容词或者副词的后缀。本题问的是名词的后缀。故选A。 8.Which “re-” in the following words has the same meaning as that in the word “reuse”? A.recommend B.remember C.return D.recycle 【答案】D 【详解】句意:下面哪个单词中的“re-”与单词“reuse”的意思相同? 考查单词的前缀。recommend推荐;remember记得;return返回;recycle重复利用。句中的“reuse”是重复使用,“re-”前缀是“重复、反复”的意思。选项D中的“re”与之意思相同。故选D。 9.Which of the following suffixes can be used to make an adjective? A.-ment B.-tion C.-ness D.-less 【答案】D 【详解】句意:下列哪个后缀可以用来构成形容词? 考查词缀知识。-ment通常用于构成名词,如enjoyment“享受”;-tion常用于构成名词,如action“行动”;-ness常用于构成名词,如happiness“幸福”;-less则常用于构成形容词,如endless“无尽的”。故选D。 10.His brother is ________ boy. He is very handsome. A.a 18 years old B.an 18-year-old C.an 18-years-old D.an 18 year old 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他的弟弟是一个18岁的男孩。他很帅。 考查不定冠词及复合形容词的用法。空格处应作定语修饰boy,所以用复合形容词18-year-old表示“十八岁的”,且此处表示泛指,所以要用不定冠词修饰,结合18-year-old以元音音素开头,所以此处用不定冠词an。故选B。 11.If you want to know the exact ______ of the word, you’d better look it up in a dictionary. A.mean B.meaningful C.meaning 【答案】C 【详解】句意:如果你想知道这个单词的确切含义,你最好查一下词典。 考查同根词词义辨析。mean作动词,意思是……;meaningful作形容词,有意义的;meaning作名词,意思。根据句意,本空缺少名词“意思”,故选C。 12.Which of the following words is a compound word like “wartime”? A.impatient B.schoolwork C.German D.carelessness 【答案】B 【详解】句意:下面哪个单词是和“wartime”一样的复合词? 考查合成词。impatient不耐烦的;schoolwork学业;German德国人;carelessness粗心。根据四个选项可知,schoolwork是复合词,由“school”和“work”合成,故选B。 13.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “impolite”? A.blackboard B.uncertain C.chairperson D.earthquake 【答案】B 【详解】句意:下列哪一个单词的组成形式与单词“impolite”相同? 考查构词法。blackboard黑板,black和board合成;uncertain不确定的,certain加前缀un-;chairperson主席,chair和person合成;earthquake地震,earth和quake合成。单词“impolite”为polite加前缀im-而来,与B选项的构成方法相同。故选B。 14.We form a new word “________” in a different way from the other three. A.firefighter B.noticeboard C.impatient D.greenhouse 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我们组成新单词“impatient”的方法不同于其他三个。 考查构词法。firefighter消防员,由fire和fighter合成;noticeboard布告栏,notice和board合成;impatient没有耐心的,是在单词patient前面加-im;greenhouse温室,由green和house合成。故选C。 15.Which of the following words is formed the same way as “housework”? A.instruction B.uncertain C.cheerful D.chairperson 【答案】D 【详解】句意:下列哪个词的构成方式与“housework”相同? 考查构词法。instruction指示,由前缀in+struction构成;uncertain不确定的,由前缀un+certain构成;cheerful高兴的,由cheer和后缀ful构成;chairperson主席,由chair和person两个单词构成。housework是由house和work两个单词构成的,与选项D相同。故选D。 16.选出构词方式与其它三个不同的选项。 A.winner B.homework C.teacher D.farmer 【答案】B 【详解】句意:选出构词方式与其它三个不同的选项。 考查构词法。winner“获胜者”为派生名词,动词加后缀-er构成;homework“家庭作业”为合成词,名词home和名词work合成的名词;teacher“教师”为派生名词,动词加后缀-er构成;farmer“农民”为派生名词,动词farm加后缀-er构成。结合选项可知,选项B的构词方式与其它三个不同的选项。故选B。 17.We can add prefix “im-” to the following words to form new words with the opposite meaning _______. A.honest B.correct C.common D.partial 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我们可以给下列单词中的partial加前缀im,构成具有相反意义的新词。 考查构词法。honest诚实的;correct正确的;common普通的;partial偏袒的。honest—dishonest“不诚实的”,correct—incorrect“错误的”,common—uncommon“非同寻常的”,partial—impartial“不偏不倚的”。故选D。 18.The Battle at Lake Changjin is my favourite film. It is not an imaginary story but a true experience of Chinese soldiers in wartime. Which of the following is created the same way as the word “wartime”? A.achievement B.dangerous C.carelessness D.bookworm 【答案】D 【详解】句意:《长津湖》是我最喜欢的电影。这不是虚构的故事,而是中国军人在战时的真实经历。下列哪一个词与“wartime”一词的造法相同? 考查构词法。wartime是“名词+名词”构成的合成名词,选项中bookworm与之用法一致。故选D。 19.We can put the prefix “un” before the following words to give them the opposite meaning EXCEPT________ . A.active B.certain C.important D.finished 【答案】A 【详解】句意:除了“active”,我们可以在下面的单词前加上前缀“un”来表示相反的意思。 考查形容词词缀。active“活跃的”的反义词是inactive“不活跃的”;certain“确定的”的反义词是uncertain“不确定的”;important“重要的”的反义词是unimportant“不重要的”;finished“完成的”的反义词是unfinished“未完成的”。综上可知,四个选项中只有active的反义词是加前缀in,其他三项是加前缀un,故选A。 20.Which of the following words has a different prefix to make it have an opposite meaning? A.possible B.polite C.correct D.patient 【答案】C 【详解】句意:下列哪个词有不同的前缀使它有相反的意思? 考查单词的派生。possible可能的,impossible不可能的;polite礼貌的,impolite不礼貌的;correct正确的,incorrect不正确的;patient耐心的,impatient不耐烦的。故单词“correct”的否定前缀与其它单词不同。故选C。 21.Which of the following words can be changed into a noun by adding the suffix “-ness”? A.pleasant B.difficult C.worth D.careful 【答案】D 【详解】句意:下列哪一个单词可以加后缀“-ness”而变为名词? 考查单词派生。pleasant令人愉快的,其名词形式为pleasure“愉快”;difficult困难的,其名词形式为difficulty“困难”;worth值得的,其名词形式是worth“价值”;careful小心的,其名词形式为carefulness,意为“细心”。故选D。 22.An adult panda _________ 100-150 kilograms. That is to say, its _________ is 100-150 kilograms. A.weight; weight B.weighs; weighs C.weight; weigh D.weighs; weight 【答案】D 【详解】句意:一只成年大熊猫重达100-150公斤。也就是说,它的重量是100-150公斤。 考查派生词。weigh“称重,重多少”,为动词;weight“重量”,为名词。根据“An adult panda...100-150 kilograms.”可知,第一个空填动词,An adult panda为主语,动词用三单,故第一个空填weighs;根据“its...is 100-150 kilograms可知,第二个空填名词,故填weight。故选D。 23.Which of the following prefixes(前缀) can turn “agree” into its antonym(反义词)? A.un- B.im- C.in- D.dis- 【答案】D 【详解】句意: 下面哪个前缀可以把“agree”变成它的反义词? 考查派生。四个选项都是否定前缀,agree“同意”的反义词为disagree,故选D。 24.Which word is formed in the same way as “weekend”? A.unable B.invention C.helpless D.noticeboard 【答案】D 【详解】句意:哪一个单词的构成方式与“weekend”的构成方式相同? 考查构词法。unable不能,由able加否定前缀构成;invention发明,由invent加名词后缀构成;helpless无助的,由help加形容词后缀构成;noticeboard通知栏,由notice“通知”和board“板”构成。题中的weekend“周末”是由week“周”和end“结束”构成。由此可知weekend和noticeboard构词法相同,为合成词,其他均为派生词。故选D。 25.The word “wonderful” has a suffix (后缀). All the following words have suffixes except “________”. A.careless B.development C.introduction D.research 【答案】D 【详解】句意:“wonderful”这个词有一个后缀。除“research”外,以下所有单词都有后缀。 考查构词法。careless“马虎的”,后缀是-less;development“发展”,后缀是-ment;introduction“介绍”,后缀是-ion;research“研究”,无后缀。故选D。 26.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “blackboard”? A.dislike B.weekday C.unlucky D.achievement 【答案】B 【详解】句意:下面单词哪一个词的构成方式与“blackboard”一样? 考查构词法。dislike不喜欢,由词根like加否定前缀构成;weekday工作日,由week“工作”和day“日,天”合成;unlucky不幸的,由词根luck加前缀及后缀构成;achievement成就,由词根achieve加名词后缀构成。题中的blackboard“黑板”是由black“黑色”和board“板”合成。由此可知weekday与blackboard构词法相同,为合成词,其它均为派生词。故选B。 27.Which of the following suffixes(后缀)is the opposite of“-ful”? A.-able B.-ness C.-ous D.-less 【答案】D 【详解】句意:以下哪个后缀是“-ful”的反义词? 考查构词法。-able能……的,会……的,可以……的;-ness……的性质;-ous拥有,具有或充满;-less没有,无。根据“-ful”可知,此后缀表示“充满”,故其反义词为“没有,无”。故选D。 28.In the words ‘unhappy’ and ‘unusual’, the ‘un -’ means ________. A.very B.most C.not D.less 【答案】C 【详解】句意:在单词“unhappy”和“unusual”中,“un”的意思是不。 考查构词法。happy开心的;unhappy不开心的;usual通常的;unusual不寻常的。由此可发现“un”是否定前缀,因此“un”的意思是“不”,故选C。 29.The following words all have the negative prefixes (否定前缀) EXCEPT ________. A.indoor B.unhappy C.inexpensive D.impossible 【答案】A 【详解】句意:除“indoor”外,以下单词都有否定前缀。 考查单词的构成。indoor室内的,形容词,没有否定前缀;unhappy不快乐的,在happy的基础上加否定前缀un;inexpensive廉价的,在expensive的基础上加否定前缀in;impossible不可能的,在possible的基础上加否定前缀im。因此没有否定前缀的单词是indoor。故选A。 30.Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A.helpless B.wartime C.hard-working D.blackboard 【答案】A 【详解】句意:下列哪一个不是复合词? 考查复合词。helpless是由动词help和形容词否定后缀less构成,属于派生词;hard-working是由副词hard和动名词working构成;blackboard是由形容词black和名词board构成;wartime是由名词war和名词time构成,意为“战时”。故选A。 31.Which of the following word can’t create a new word with “-ship”? A.friend B.relation C.scholar D.business 【答案】D 【详解】句意:下面哪个词不能与“-ship”造新词? 考查构词法。friendship友谊;relationship联系,亲属关系;scholarship学问,奖学金;business商业。D项business不能与“-ship”造新词。故选D。 32.Mr. Black is an ________ in the army, not an ________ in the government. You can not easily find him in his________. A.official; officer; office B.officer; office; official C.official; official; official D.officer; official; office 【答案】D 【详解】句意:布莱克先生是军队的军官,不是军委的官员。你在他的办公室里很难找到他。 考查词汇辨析,official官员,公务员;officer军官;office办公室。第一空根据“in the army”,可知应该是军官;第二空根据“in the government.”可知应该是公务员;第三空根据“in his…”可知是办公室,故选D。 33.We have to learn ________ technology from other countries. A.advance B.advancing C.advantage D.advanced 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我们必须向其他国家学习先进技术。 考查形容词的用法。advance发展,前进,是动词;advancing前进,是现在分词;advantage有利条件,是名词;advanced先进的,高级的,是形容词。technology是名词,科技,空前用形容词修饰名词,故选D。 34.The child looked at me ________. A.stranger B.strangely C.strange D.strangeness 【答案】B 【详解】句意:那孩子奇怪地看着我。 考查词义辨析。stranger陌生人;strangely奇怪地;strange奇怪的;strangeness陌生;奇怪。空前面的 looked at 是动词短语,此处需用副词修饰。故选B。 35.Canada is mainly an ________ country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 【答案】A 【详解】句意:加拿大主要是一个说英语的国家。 考查构词法。English-speaking说英语的;speak English说英语,不用连字符连接;spoken English口语,不用连字符连接。English-spoken英语口语。根据空后的“country”是名词可知,前要用形容词修饰;an English-speaking country表示“一个说英语的国家”,固定表达。故选A。 36.We can put the prefix “un” before the following words to give them the opposite (相反的) meaning except (除了)________. A.certain B.usual C.important D.active 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我们可以把前缀“un”放在下面的单词之前,除了哪一个,其他会成为它们相反意思的词? 考查构词法。certain确定的;usual寻常的;important重要的;active积极的;A、B、C项的单词前面加-un都可以成为原本单词的反义词;即uncertain不确定的;unusual不同寻常的;unimportant不重要的;active的反义词是inactive。故选D。 37.Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark in Paris. Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word “landmark”? A.worldwide B.hopeless C.unpleasant D.surprising 【答案】A 【详解】句意:埃菲尔铁塔是巴黎著名的地标。下面哪个单词的构词法和单词“landmark”一样? 考查构词法。worldwide世界各地的;hopeless无望的;unpleasant 不愉快的;surprising令人惊讶的。分析“landmark”可知这是由名词land(陆地)和名词mark(标记)构成的合成词,hopeless和 surprising是单词(hope/surprise)+后缀(-less/-ing)构成的派生词,unpleasant是由前缀un+单词pleasant构成的派生词,worldwide是由名词world(世界)和形容词wide(宽的)构成的合成词;故选A。 38.Which of the following words is formed like “dishonest”? A.important B.international C.uncomfortable D.interviewer 【答案】C 【详解】句意:以下哪个词的构词类似于“dishonest”? 考查构词法。important重要的;international国际的;uncomfortable不舒服的;interviewer采访者。dishonest中dis-是否定前缀,加在“honest诚实的”前面,dishonest意为“不诚实的”;结合选项,un-是个否定前缀,加在“comfortable舒服的”前面,uncomfortable不舒服的。dis-和un-都是否定前缀。故选C。 39.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as snowball? A.daily B.actor C.pancake D.discussion 【答案】C 【详解】句意:下列哪个词的构成方式和snowball相同? 考查构词方式。daily日常的,派生词,由名词day变y为i加ly构成形容词;actor演员,派生词,在动词act后面加后缀or构成名词;pancake煎饼,合成词,由pan和cake合成名词;discussion讨论,派生词,由动词discuss加后缀ion变成名词。题中snowball意为“雪球”,合成词,由snow和ball合成名词,所以pancake和其构成方式相同,故选C。 40.Which of the following words can be added with the suffix (后缀) "-ness"? A.round B.laugh C.ill D.angry 【答案】C 【详解】句意:下面哪一个单词可以加后缀“-ness”? 考查构词法。round形容词,圆的;laugh动词,笑;ill形容词,生病的;angry形容词,生气的。根据构词法可知选项中只有“ill”可以派生成名词“illness”。故选C。 二、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。(每小题1分,共40分) 41.Tom thinks people will help him if he asks for help (polite). 42.The play was very (success) on Broadway. 43.The old painting is really rare and (collect). 44.The soccer is (hope) because it always fails. 45.It is (possible) to separate languages from culture. 46.Be (care) when you cross the street. 47.My sister is an (usual) pianist. 48.The old man felt (wanted) because he lived alone for a long time. 49.You should give up your (waste) habits. 50.Mary is ill again and I think she is kind of (healthy). 【答案】 41.politely 42.successful 43.collectable 44.hopeless 45.impossible 46.careful 47.unusual 48.unwanted 49.wasteful 50.unhealthy 【解析】41.句意:汤姆认为如果他有礼貌地请求帮助,人们就会帮助他。 考查副词。设空处修饰前面的动词asks,所以需要填入一个副词形式;polite有礼貌的,形容词,与其所对应的副词是politely有礼貌地,故答案填politely。 42.句意:这出戏在百老汇非常成功。 考查形容词。根据题干可知,设空处在句中用在系动词was后面,充当表语成分,所以应填入一个形容词形式;success “成功”,名词,与其所对应的形容词是successful“成功的”,故答案填successful。 43.句意:这幅旧画非常珍贵,值得收藏。 考查形容词。and连接两个并列成分,在这里是连接设空处和前面的形容词rare,所以此处也应填入一个形容词形式,和rare共同作系动词is的表语;与collect所对应的形容词是collectable,故答案填collectable。 44.句意:足球是无望的,因为它总是失败。 考查形容词。根据“because it always fails”可知“因为它总是失败”,所以判断前面说的是没有希望的,hopeless“无望的、没有希望的”,形容词,在句中作系动词is的表语;故答案填hopeless。 45.句意:把语言和文化分开是不可能的。 考查形容词。根据“separate languages from culture”,可知“语言与文化的分离”应该是不可能的,所以此处应用possible的反义词impossible,impossible意为“不可能的”,形容词,故答案填impossible。 46.句意:过马路时要小心。 考查形容词。根据题意“过马路时要怎么样”,可知在be动词后接形容词作表语,结合所给单词care动词,可推理出用care的形容词形式careful,“小心的”,故答案填careful。 47.句意:我姐姐是一位与众不同的钢琴家。 考查形容词。根据题干“My sister is an ______ (usual) pianist.”可知“我姐姐是一位与众不同的钢琴家”,这里表示“与众不同”用unusual,形容词,修饰后面的名词pianist,故答案填unusual。 48.句意:这位老人感到自己不受欢迎,因为他独自生活了很长时间。 考查形容词。根据“because he lived alone for a long time”,可知因为他孤独地生活了很长时间,所以这位老人感到自己不受欢迎,用unwanted表示“不受欢迎的、多余的”,故答案填unwanted。 49.句意:你应该改掉浪费的习惯。 考查形容词。根据“You should give up your ______ (waste) habits”,可知你应该改掉浪费的习惯,这里修饰名词应用形容词形式,与waste所对应的形容词是wasteful“浪费的”,故答案填wasteful。 50.句意:玛丽又病了,我认为她有点不健康。 考查形容词。根据“Mary is ill again”,可知“玛丽又病了”,由此判断她有点不健康;故填形容词unhealthy“健康的”,故答案填unhealthy。 【点睛】首先粗读所要完成的句子,看所要完成的句子是什么意思。然后看需要填写的内容在句子中做什么成分,需要什么词性;再按照所给出的单词提示,结合相关的语法知识,对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。如第1小题,根据题干可知设空处修饰前面的动词asks,所以需要填入一个副词形式;polite“有礼貌的”,形容词,与其所对应的副词是politely“有礼貌地”,故答案填politely。第6小题,根据题意“过马路时要怎么样”,可知在be动词后接形容词作表语,结合所给单词care动词,可推理出用care的形容词形式careful“小心的”,故答案填careful。 51.The fisherman’s wife said to him, “Why can’t we live in a new house? It’s unfair.” (happy) 【答案】unhappily 【详解】句意:渔夫的妻子不开心地对他说:“我们为什么不能住进新房子呢?这不公平。”根据“said...to him”可知,此处应用副词修饰动词,根据“‘Why can’t we live in a new house? It’s unfair.’”可知,妻子觉得不公平,所以应是不开心地对他说,happy“开心的”,形容词,happily“开心地”,副词,其反义词unhappily“不开心地”符合语境。故填unhappily。 52.Don’t make much noise in public. It’s (polite). 【答案】impolite 【详解】句意:不要在公共场合制造太多噪音。这是不礼貌的。根据“Don’t make much noise in public”可知,在公共场合制造太多噪音是不礼貌的,应用形容词impolite“不礼貌的”,故填impolite。 53.He was an actor several years ago, but now he becomes famous. (know) 【答案】unknown 【详解】句意:几年前他是一个不出名的演员,但现在他变得有名了。根据“but now he becomes famous”和提示词可知,空格处指“不出名的”,英语表达为“unknown”,在此作定语修饰名词actor。故填unknown。 54.I want to buy my best friend an (electricity) watch. 【答案】electronic 【详解】句意:我想给我最好的朋友买一个电子手表。electricity“电”,是名词;由空后的watch可知,空处应填electricity的形容词形式electronic“电子的”。故填 electronic。 55.Sometimes they strongly (agree) with each other, so they need to communicate more often. 【答案】disagree 【详解】句意:有时他们彼此意见相左,所以他们需要更频繁地沟通。根据“so they need to communicate more often”可知,空处应该表示意见不合,空处应用agree“同意”的否定形式disagree,disagree with sb“与某人意见不合”;根据sometimes可知,时态为一般现在时,主语they是复数形式,谓语动词用原形。故填disagree。 56.Of the four seasons in Chongqing, spring is the most (usual) one, because people are wearing all kinds of clothes. For example, you can see sweaters and T-shirt s at the same time. 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意:在重庆的四季中,春天是最不寻常的一个,因为人们穿着各种各样的衣服。例如,你可以同时看到毛衣和t恤。由“because people are wearing all kinds of clothes. For example, you can see sweaters and T-shirt s at the same time”可知,此处指重庆的春天是最不寻常的,unusual“不寻常的”符合语境。故填unusual。 57.It is (polite) to speak when you are eating things. 【答案】impolite 【详解】句意:你吃东西的时候讲话是不礼貌的。polite意为“有礼貌的”,其反义词impolite,意为“不礼貌的”。根据“to speak when you are eating things”和常识可知,吃东西的时候讲话是不礼貌的,空缺处应用“impolite”在句中作表语。故填impolite。 58.Mr Zhang, your is excellent! Have you ever studied abroad? (pronounce) 【答案】pronunciation 【详解】句意:张先生,你的发音很棒!你去国外学过吗?根据“your...is excellent!”可知,此处缺主语,空处应填名词;pronounce“发音”,动词,其名词形式是pronunciation,为不可数名词。故填pronunciation。 59.My father asked me to my homework because of my poor handwriting. (write) 【答案】rewrite 【详解】句意:因为我的潦草书写,我爸爸让我重新写家庭作业。根据“because of my poor handwriting”可知,因为书写不好,爸爸让我重新写家庭作业,write“写”,rewrite“重写”。故填rewrite。 60.I like shopping at 9 a. m. because the supermarket is (crowd) at that time. 【答案】uncrowded 【详解】句意:我喜欢早上9点去购物,因为那个时候超市不挤。根据“I like shopping at 9 a. m. because the supermarket is...at that time”及英文提示可知,此处表达“不拥挤的”;uncrowded“不拥挤的”,形容词,在此处作表语。故填uncrowded。 61.In Zhuhai Park, you can enjoy the natural beauty, or (simple) breathe the fresh air. 【答案】simply 【详解】句意:在珠海公园,你可以享受自然美景,或者只是呼吸新鲜空气。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词simple的副词形式simply“仅仅,只是”作状语,修饰动词breathe。故填simply。 62.Reading aloud is (help) to the students who want to improve their English. 【答案】helpful 【详解】句意:大声朗读对那些想要提高英语的学生来说很有帮助。根据“Reading aloud”可知,此处表示大声朗读有助于提高英语,help“帮助”,动词,此处应用形容词作表语,其形容词为helpful“有帮助的”。故填helpful。 63.The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “ ”. (possible) 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意:凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。根据“The man who has made up his mind to win will never say…”可知,此处是指下定决心要获取胜利的人是不会轻易说“不可能的”,即使面对困难和挑战,也会努力寻找解决方案,而不是轻易放弃;应将形容词possible“可能的”变为impossible“不可能的”,形容词。故填impossible。 64.Before Giant Panda Fu Bao returned to China, thousands of (tour) came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao. 【答案】tourists 【详解】句意:在大熊猫福宝回到中国之前,成千上万的游客来到爱宝乐园与福宝告别。tour“旅游”,名词;根据“thousands of...came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao.”可知,应是游客来跟福宝告别,应用tourist“游客”;“thousands of”后接复数名词。故填tourists。 65.Experience is a wealth of knowledge and a symbol of . (wise) 【答案】wisdom 【详解】句意:经验是知识的财富,是智慧的象征。由“Experience is a wealth of knowledge and a symbol of…”可知,此处应用名词形式,wisdom是其名词形式。故填wisdom。 66.People in that city prepared to their houses after the terrible flood. (build) 【答案】rebuild 【详解】句意:那场可怕的洪水过后,那个城市的人们准备重建他们的房屋。由“People in that city prepared to…their houses after the terrible flood”可知,此处指重建房屋,rebuild“重建”;prepare to do sth.“准备做某事”,固定短语,故应用动词原形。故填rebuild。 67.The magazine is a great success and it’s quite popular with these . (read) 【答案】readers 【详解】句意:这个杂志取得巨大成功并且它相当受这些读者的欢迎。read“阅读”,动词,根据“these”可知此处应填名词,reader“读者”,可数名词,符合语境,由“these”可知,应填其复数,故填readers。 68.Scientists say some animals will soon because of the serious pollution. (appear) 【答案】disappear 【详解】句意:科学家说,由于严重的污染,一些动物将很快消失。appear“出现”,根据“because of the serious pollution”可知由于严重的污染,一些动物将很快消失,应用disappear“消失”,will后跟动词原形。故填disappear。 69.Don’t be . Learning English takes some time. (patient) 【答案】impatient 【详解】句意:不要没有耐心。学习英语需要一些时间。句中“be”是系动词,后接形容词作表语;根据下文“Learning English takes some time.”可知,学习英语需要花时间,不能没有耐心;patient“耐心的”,形容词,表示“没有耐心”应用impatient。故填impatient。 70.I hope all my are helpful to you.   (suggest) 【答案】suggestions 【详解】句意:我希望我的所有建议都对你有帮助。根据“all my...are helpful”和所给词汇可知,my是形容词性物主代词,后面要接一个名词,suggest“建议”,动词,其名词为suggestions,由all可知,应该用其复数形式。故填suggestions。   71.The boy (careless) put the cup on the table and it fell down. 【答案】carelessly 【详解】句意:男孩粗心把杯子放在桌子上,杯子掉了下来。根据空后“put(放)”是动词,可知此空填副词,careless的副词形式是在其后加ly,意为“粗心大意地,马虎地”。故填carelessly。 72.The never dreamed of having a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100-meter race. (compete) 【答案】competitor 【详解】句意:这位选手做梦也想不到自己有机会在100米比赛中获得第一名。根据题目可知,此处缺乏主语,应将动词compete“竞争”,转变为名词competitor“竞争者”作为主语。故填competitor。 73.There are many foreign (visit) in our school today. 【答案】visitors 【详解】句意:今天我们学校有很多外国参观者。foreign“外国的”,形容词作定语修饰名词,visitor“参观者”,符合语境;根据many可知用名词复数形式。故填visitors。 74.It’s very kind of you to help me with my English with great . (patient) 【答案】patience 【详解】句意:非常感谢你耐心地帮助我学习英语。根据“with great...”可知,空处应填名词;patient“耐心的”,形容词,名词形式为patience,不可数名词。故填patience。 75.Mozart was a famous (music) in the world. 【答案】musician 【详解】句意:莫扎特是一位著名的音乐家在世界上。根据“Mozart”及常识可知,他是一位音乐家,“音乐家”musician。故填musician。 76.Li Jun was (lucky) because his car broke down yesterday. 【答案】unlucky 【详解】句意:李军很不幸因为他的车昨天坏了。lucky“幸运的”,形容词;由“his car broke down yesterday”可知,应该是不幸的,lucky的反义词是unlucky“不幸的”。故填unlucky。 77.You should take an active part in the (discuss). 【答案】discussion 【详解】句意:你应该积极参加讨论。the后面需接名词;discuss“讨论”,动词,其名词为discussion。故填discussion。 78.His mother is a nurse and his father is a (manage). 【答案】manager 【详解】句意:他的母亲是一名护士,他的父亲是一名经理。根据“His mother is a nurse and”可知,后面应该填的是他父亲的职业。manage管理,动词。manager经理,可数名词。空前有a,需用可数名词单数形式。故填manager。 79.Amy is a(n) (usual) woman from America. She is a famous artist now. 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意:艾米是一个来自美国的不寻常的女人。她现在是一位著名的艺术家。根据“She is a famous artist now.”可知,是一位不寻常的女人,unusual“不同寻常的”,形容词作定语。故填unusual。 80.She thinks a good friend must know her (true). 【答案】truly 【详解】句意:她认为好朋友必须真正地了解她。此空修饰动词“know”,应用“true”的副词形式“truly”。故填truly。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年九年级英语上册单元模块满分必刷题(外研版) Module 12 Save our world【刷语法】(重点语法提升练) 构词法 1.概念: 构词法是指研究词形变化规则的方法。 2.分类: 合成法、转化法、派生法、缩写法和简写法。 考点一:合成法 合成法就是把两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列构成新词的方法。用此法构成的词叫复合词。复合词主要包括复合名词、复合代词、复合形容词和复合副词等。 1.复合名词: (1)名词+动词headache,daybreak (2)动词+名词playground,postcard (3)名词+名词basketball,classroom (4)形容词+名词blackboard,grandfather (5)动名词+名词waiting-room,sitting-room 2.复合代词: (1) some (any,every,no) +body:somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody (2)some (any,every,no) +thing:something,anything,everything,nothing 3.复合形容词有: man-made,kind-hearted,hard-working 4.复合副词有: upstairs,downstairs,everywhere,maybe等 。另外,复合动词有understand,复合介词有without等。 考点二:转化法 转化法就是将某些单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词方法。词性转化有以下几种情况: 1.名词→动词 如:There’s a lot of rain in this country. 这个国家多雨。 It’s still raining now. 现在还在下雨。 2.动词→名词 如:What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么? There will be a talk next week. 下周会有一场演讲。 3.形容词→动词 如:The classroom is not clean. 教室不干净。 You must clean it tomorrow. 你明天必须打扫。 考点三:派生法 派生法就是将前,后缀附加到某些词上构成新词的方法。初中英语主要有以下几种前、后缀: 1.常用前缀:前缀一般不造成词性的转换,但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。 前缀 含义 例词 anti- 反对; 防止 anti-war反战  anti-freeze防冻剂 co- 共同;相互 co-author合著者 cooperate合作 dis- 不;无 disappear消失  dishonest不诚实的 en- 使可能 enable使能够  enlarge扩大 il- 不;非 illegal非法的 im- 不 impossible不可能的 impatient不耐烦的 in- 不;非 inexpensive不贵 incomplete不完全的 ir- 不;无 irregular不规则的 mis- 错误的 misunderstanding误解 non- 不;非 non-smoker不吸烟者 re- 再;又 retell复述  reunion重聚 super- 超级 supermarket超市 tele- 远程 telescope望远镜  telephone电话 un- 不 unlike不像  uncomfortable不舒服的 2.常用后缀: 通过加后缀构成另一个词。后缀不仅能改变词义,也能改变词类。 词类 后缀 例词 名词 -er, -or, -ess teacher教师inventor发明家actress女演员 -an,-ian American美国人musician音乐家 -ese Chinese中国人;汉语 Japanese日本人;日语 -ing building建筑物  sightseeing观光 -ist artist艺术家  scientist科学家 -ment government政府 development发展 -ness illness疾病 coldness寒冷 -ship leadership领导(力) friendship友谊 -th truth事实 warmth温暖 -ion,-tion, -ation,-sion education教育competition比赛 invention发明 translation翻译decision决定 -ty safety安全 necessity必要性 -hood childhood童年neighborhood街区 形容词 -able comfortable舒服的 enjoyable快乐的 -ible flexible灵活的 -al traditional传统的national民族的 -d, -ed surprised感到吃惊的 moved感动的 interested感兴趣的 relaxed放松的 -en wooden木制的  golden金色的 -ern eastern东方的  western西方的 -ing interesting有趣的 exciting使人兴奋的 -ive active有活力的 impressive令人难忘的 -ful careful仔细的 helpful有帮助的 useful有用的 -less careless粗心的  useless无用的 -ly friendly友好的  weekly每周的 -ous humorous幽默的 dangerous危险的 -y lucky幸运的dirty肮脏的 数词 -teen thirteen十三fifteen十五 -ty sixty六十 seventy七十 -th fourth第四fifth第五 副词 -ly carefully细心地happily开心地 考点四:缩写和简写 1. 缩写指把单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。 (1)截头telephone → phone,aeroplane → plane (2)去尾mathematics → math (s),kilogram → kilo laboratory → lab,examination → exam (3)截头去尾 influenza → flu,refrigerator → fridge 2. 简写指把单词首字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式:各字母分别读;作为一个单词读。 very important person → VIP,United Kingdom → UK the United States of America → the USA, the People’s Republic of China → PRC 3. 混合法(混成法)指把两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体,前半部分表示属性。 news broadcast → newscast 新闻广播 television broadcast → telecast 电视播送 smoke and fog → smog 烟雾 语法过关小测满分:80分,时间:40分钟 一、单项选择(每小题1分,共40分) 1.Which of the following words is formed the same way as “wartime”? A.suggestion B.bookworm C.accountant D.carelessness 2.Which word is formed the same way as the word “bookworm”? A.handbag B.pronunciation C.impatient D.achievement 3.Spring is a colourful season full of beautiful and lively scenes. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “colourful”? A.beauty B.friendly C.impossible D.doorbell 4.In the words “retell” and “reuse”, “re”means “ _________ ” A.very B.more C.again 5.The word “________” is formed the same way as “impatient”. A.incorrect B.patiently C.humorous D.pancake 6.In the words “homeless”, “careless” and “useless”, “-less” means “________”. A.full of B.without C.very much 7.Which of the following suffixes is used to form a noun? A.-tion B.-less C.-ful D.-ly 8.Which “re-” in the following words has the same meaning as that in the word “reuse”? A.recommend B.remember C.return D.recycle 9.Which of the following suffixes can be used to make an adjective? A.-ment B.-tion C.-ness D.-less 10.His brother is ________ boy. He is very handsome. A.a 18 years old B.an 18-year-old C.an 18-years-old D.an 18 year old 11.If you want to know the exact ______ of the word, you’d better look it up in a dictionary. A.mean B.meaningful C.meaning 12.Which of the following words is a compound word like “wartime”? A.impatient B.schoolwork C.German D.carelessness 13.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “impolite”? A.blackboard B.uncertain C.chairperson D.earthquake 14.We form a new word “________” in a different way from the other three. A.firefighter B.noticeboard C.impatient D.greenhouse 15.Which of the following words is formed the same way as “housework”? A.instruction B.uncertain C.cheerful D.chairperson 16.选出构词方式与其它三个不同的选项。 A.winner B.homework C.teacher D.farmer 17.We can add prefix “im-” to the following words to form new words with the opposite meaning _______. A.honest B.correct C.common D.partial 18.The Battle at Lake Changjin is my favourite film. It is not an imaginary story but a true experience of Chinese soldiers in wartime. Which of the following is created the same way as the word “wartime”? A.achievement B.dangerous C.carelessness D.bookworm 19.We can put the prefix “un” before the following words to give them the opposite meaning EXCEPT________ . A.active B.certain C.important D.finished 20.Which of the following words has a different prefix to make it have an opposite meaning? A.possible B.polite C.correct D.patient 21.Which of the following words can be changed into a noun by adding the suffix “-ness”? A.pleasant B.difficult C.worth D.careful 22.An adult panda _________ 100-150 kilograms. That is to say, its _________ is 100-150 kilograms. A.weight; weight B.weighs; weighs C.weight; weigh D.weighs; weight 23.Which of the following prefixes(前缀) can turn “agree” into its antonym(反义词)? A.un- B.im- C.in- D.dis- 24.Which word is formed in the same way as “weekend”? A.unable B.invention C.helpless D.noticeboard 25.The word “wonderful” has a suffix (后缀). All the following words have suffixes except “________”. A.careless B.development C.introduction D.research 26.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “blackboard”? A.dislike B.weekday C.unlucky D.achievement 27.Which of the following suffixes(后缀)is the opposite of“-ful”? A.-able B.-ness C.-ous D.-less 28.In the words ‘unhappy’ and ‘unusual’, the ‘un -’ means ________. A.very B.most C.not D.less 29.The following words all have the negative prefixes (否定前缀) EXCEPT ________. A.indoor B.unhappy C.inexpensive D.impossible 30.Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A.helpless B.wartime C.hard-working D.blackboard 31.Which of the following word can’t create a new word with “-ship”? A.friend B.relation C.scholar D.business 32.Mr. Black is an ________ in the army, not an ________ in the government. You can not easily find him in his________. A.official; officer; office B.officer; office; official C.official; official; official D.officer; official; office 33.We have to learn ________ technology from other countries. A.advance B.advancing C.advantage D.advanced 34.The child looked at me ________. A.stranger B.strangely C.strange D.strangeness 35.Canada is mainly an ________ country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 36.We can put the prefix “un” before the following words to give them the opposite (相反的) meaning except (除了)________. A.certain B.usual C.important D.active 37.Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark in Paris. Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word “landmark”? A.worldwide B.hopeless C.unpleasant D.surprising 38.Which of the following words is formed like “dishonest”? A.important B.international C.uncomfortable D.interviewer 39.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as snowball? A.daily B.actor C.pancake D.discussion 40.Which of the following words can be added with the suffix (后缀) "-ness"? A.round B.laugh C.ill D.angry 二、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。(每小题1分,共40分) 41.Tom thinks people will help him if he asks for help (polite). 42.The play was very (success) on Broadway. 43.The old painting is really rare and (collect). 44.The soccer is (hope) because it always fails. 45.It is (possible) to separate languages from culture. 46.Be (care) when you cross the street. 47.My sister is an (usual) pianist. 48.The old man felt (wanted) because he lived alone for a long time. 49.You should give up your (waste) habits. 50.Mary is ill again and I think she is kind of (healthy). 51.The fisherman’s wife said to him, “Why can’t we live in a new house? It’s unfair.” (happy) 52.Don’t make much noise in public. It’s (polite). 53.He was an actor several years ago, but now he becomes famous. (know) 54.I want to buy my best friend an (electricity) watch. 55.Sometimes they strongly (agree) with each other, so they need to communicate more often. 56.Of the four seasons in Chongqing, spring is the most (usual) one, because people are wearing all kinds of clothes. For example, you can see sweaters and T-shirt s at the same time. 57.It is (polite) to speak when you are eating things. 58.Mr Zhang, your is excellent! Have you ever studied abroad? (pronounce) 59.My father asked me to my homework because of my poor handwriting. (write) 60.I like shopping at 9 a. m. because the supermarket is (crowd) at that time. 61.In Zhuhai Park, you can enjoy the natural beauty, or (simple) breathe the fresh air. 62.Reading aloud is (help) to the students who want to improve their English. 63.The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “ ”. (possible) 64.Before Giant Panda Fu Bao returned to China, thousands of (tour) came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao. 65.Experience is a wealth of knowledge and a symbol of . (wise) 66.People in that city prepared to their houses after the terrible flood. (build) 67.The magazine is a great success and it’s quite popular with these . (read) 68.Scientists say some animals will soon because of the serious pollution. (appear) 69.Don’t be . Learning English takes some time. (patient) 70.I hope all my are helpful to you.   (suggest) 71.The boy (careless) put the cup on the table and it fell down. 72.The never dreamed of having a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100-meter race. (compete) 73.There are many foreign (visit) in our school today. 74.It’s very kind of you to help me with my English with great . (patient) 75.Mozart was a famous (music) in the world. 76.Li Jun was (lucky) because his car broke down yesterday. 77.You should take an active part in the (discuss). 78.His mother is a nurse and his father is a (manage). 79.Amy is a(n) (usual) woman from America. She is a famous artist now. 80.She thinks a good friend must know her (true). 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Module 12【刷语法】构词法(重点语法提升练)-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册单元模块满分必刷题(外研版)
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Module 12【刷语法】构词法(重点语法提升练)-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册单元模块满分必刷题(外研版)
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Module 12【刷语法】构词法(重点语法提升练)-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册单元模块满分必刷题(外研版)
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