Unit4 Natural Disasters 单元知识全覆盖-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit4 重点单词、高频短语、经典必背句型单元检测 一：词汇情景运用 1．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)A flood (洪水) had hit the area earlier that year and the damage (损失) it caused had driven away a number of birds. 2．A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue (营救) with a generous donation. 3．The accident seemed to have completely/totally destroyed (摧毁) his confidence. 4．They opened a shelter (避难所) to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless. 5．Twenty miners were trapped (使落入险境) underground. 6．His father is buried (埋葬) in the cemetery on the hill. 7．(2021·全国乙卷)Provide financial aid (援助) and other benefits for local peoples. 8．he police have warned the public that the killer could strike (侵袭) again. 9．The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $6 million. 10．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Let your pen follow the waves (wave) of thought. 11．(2022·全国甲卷)It is my firm belief that only with joint efforts (努力) can we have a better tomorrow. 12．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)When approaching the finish line, he burst into a big toothy smile and waved (挥手) to me with excitement. 13．She drew the curtains and the sunlight flooded (大量涌入) in. 14．A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins (废墟)． 二：本单元重点词性转换 1． death n．死；死亡→ dead adj.死的→ deadly adj.致命的→ die v．死亡 2． affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→ effect n．效果；结果；影响→ effective adj.有效的→ affection n．喜爱 3． shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→ shocking adj.令人震惊的→ shocked adj.感到震惊的 4． electricity n．电；电能→ electric adj.电的；用电的→ electronic adj.电子的 5． breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→ breath n．呼吸→ breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 6． wisdom n．智慧；才智→ wise adj.明智的→ unwise adj.不明智的 7． suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ suffering n．受难；苦楚 8． erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→ eruption n．喷发 9． survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→ survival n．幸存；生还→ survivor n．幸存者；生还者 10． power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ powerful adj.强大的；强壮的→ powerless adj.无力的 11． emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→ emergent adj.紧急的→ emerge vi.浮现；出现 12． deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→ delivery n．投递；送交 13． summary n．总结；概括；概要→ summariz(s)e vt.& vi.总结；概括 14． length n．长；长度→ long adj.长的→ lengthen v．(使)变长→ lengthy adj.漫长的；冗长的 三：本单元高频词汇 1. in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 2.in the open air 露天；在户外 3.refer to 提到，涉及 4.set up 建立 5.live a new life 过着新生活 6.as if 仿佛；好像 7.come to an end终结；走向末日 8.be/get back on one’s feet 完全恢复 9.blow …away 把…吹走 10.in shock 震惊；吃惊 11.in danger 处于危险之中 12.on hand 现有（尤指帮助） 13.suffer from 遭受，患病 14.stay away from 远离 15.run out of 跑出来 16.at an end 结束终止 17.sweep away 消灭，彻底消除 18.carry on 执行 19.a series of 一系列的 20.have an effect on 对......有影响 21.dig out 挖掘，发现 22.in all directions 朝四面八方 23. put up 搭起 24．at least 至少 25.be expected to do 预计；有望做…… 26．give up 放弃 27.in danger 处境危险 四：本单元必背经典句型 1. too...to...太...而以致不能 1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。 2. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise. 人们开始锻炼永远不会太晚。 3.t's too late to catch the last bus.（太晚了，赶不上末班车了。） 2. as if ...似乎；好像(虚拟语气） 1.She talks as if she knew everything.（她说话的样子好像她什么都知道。） 2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.仿佛世界末日即将来临。 3.It looks as if it were going to rain.（看起来好像要下雨了。） 3. 现在分词作状语（doing....,句子 句子，doing... .... ） I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。 2.Being tired, he took a rest.（因为累了，他休息了一下。）： 3. He sat there, reading a book quietly.（他坐在那里，静静地读着一本书。） 4. make+it +adj+to do sth (it充当形式宾语） 1.he new software makes it easy to manage your tasks.（这个新软件使管理你的任务变得容易。） 2..A clear explanation makes it possible to understand the complex concept.（清晰的解释使理解这个复杂的概念成为可能。） 5. be doing ....when ....正在做...突然.... 1.I was reading a book when the phone rang.（我正在读书的时候电话响了。） 2.She was walking in the park when it started to rain.（她正在公园里散步的时候天开始下雨了。） 3.He was cooking dinner when his friends arrived.（他正在做晚饭的时候他的朋友们到了。） 五：本单元重点语法填空词汇练习 rescue 1. The firemen rescued a baby from the flood. 2. When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers rescued (rescue) us. damage 1. The drought has done great damage to the crops. 2. They are repairing the houses which were damaged (damage) in the flood. shelter 1. It's so hot, and we'd better find a tree to take shelter from the sun. 2. We sat in the shade, sheltering (shelter) from the sun. 3. The city lay in ruins (ruin) after the earthquake. Now, rows of houses are being built. 4. Some parents are just too protective. They want to shelter their kids from every kind of danger. ruin 1. The old famous castle fell into ruin after the big flood. 2. Heavy smoking may ruin yourself (you), so you should give it up as soon as possible. 3. He returned home only to find that his house had been ruined (ruin) by the flood. 4. Heavy smoking ruins (ruin) your health, so you should give up smoking. shock 1.Looking at the house which lay in ruins in shock, he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped. 2.All of us were shocked at the shocking news that many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock) 3.I was shocked to hear (hear) the news that his car got crashed the other day seriously.The news was a shock to us. trap 1. If you walk into the forest, you're likely to fall into a trap. 2. The young man was trapped in the building, and he felt very helpless. 3. Trapped (trap) in the building, the young man felt very helpless. 4. He was trying to save the girl trapped (trap) in the burning house. 5. He trapped me into cheating in the important examination. bury 1. He was buried (bury) in his lessons and knew nothing about the outside world. 2. In the past three weeks, we have been burying ourselves (we) in study because the exam is drawing near. 3. Buried (bury) in his lessons, he knew nothing about the outside world. 4. Burying (bury) himself in the newspaper, he didn't notice what was happening. 5. Nowadays family members are often found buried (bury) in their own smartphones. effort 1. If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance, I will spare no effort to finish (finish) the task. 2. As far as I'm concerned, you should make a greater effort to study (study) hard. 3. Through all the efforts (effort), the city began to breathe again. suffer 1.The sufferer(suffer) has been suffering for a long time. 2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The project is also being used to help patients suffering (suffer)from dementia(痴呆), a serious illness of the mind. 3.People of the disaster area suffered a lot from the typhoon, and water supplies and electricity were hard to get. 写作运用提能 生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之升华句)(强调句) There are always some ups and downs in our lives, but it is the suffering that makes us stronger . wisdom 1.It is wise (wisdom) of you to give up your possessions(财产) in the fire because nothing is more important than life. 2.She spent her money wisely(wisdom) and managed to save a lot. 3.The old man's wisdom (wisdom) is gained from years of experience. breath 1.She took a deep breath(breath) before starting the speech. 2.He takes a deep breath and breathes in the sweet smell of fresh flowers.(breathe) destroy 1. The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (destroy)． 2. The kind of trees is under threat and ten percent were destroyed (destroy)in huge wildfires last summer. death 1.The tree is dead(death). 2.he death(death) of his pet made him very sad. 3.The deadly disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 deaths up to now.(dead) 4. Another 254 were found dead (death) and many more were hurt or missing in Thailand. 5.. Many people were injured and 3 people died (death) in the accident. supply 1. I'd like to know the reason why the milk is in short supply in this area now. 2. I don't know whether they are supplied with enough food in the area. 3. I don't know whether they have a good supply of food in the area. 4. The audience supplied a lot of information to us, which affected us deeply. 5. That rescue team supplied (supply) those people who were affected by the flood with enough fresh water. survive 1.Some strange customs have survived from earlier times 2.Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of survival .Thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors .(survive) 3.We will do everything in our power to help those survivors (survive) in the tornado. 4.(浙江卷)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving entirely on discarded(丢弃的) food. 5.Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness, she still survived her husband by 5 years. 写作运用提能 (2022·全国甲卷) 没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类。 Without the oceans, no living things would survive, humans included/including humans . power 1.A powerful (power) pleader can inspire people to achieve great things. 2.She felt powerless (power) in the face of the disaster. 3.There was a time when the girl had no power to speak (speak)． 4.Being a powerful (power) person, he has the power to deal (deal) with all kinds of problems. calm 1. Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly (calm) can we solve problems in a better way. 2. When he gets anxious, he often breathes deeply to calm himself (he) down. 3．He was very excited, and it was long before he calmed down. 4. When he was trapped in the flood, he gave his wife a call calmly (calm). aid 1. I'd be very grateful if you can aid me in my English. 2. He is so considerate a boy that he often aids his mother to clean (clean) the house. 3. They promised to aid me to mend (mend) my house damaged in the flood. wave 1. Huge waves (wave) were breaking on the shore. 2. He waved to/ at us as the bus drove off. 3. I waved goodbye to him, but he ignored me. 4. A man in the flood was shouting and waving (wave) his arms around wildly. strike 2. It suddenly struck (strike) me that I had forgotten to do my homework. 3. Struck (strike) by the beauty of Mount Tai, we decided to stay another day. effect 1.This medicine is very effective(effect) in treating headaches. 2.He managed the project effectively(effect) and completed it ahead of schedule. 3.have an effect on：Smoking has an adverse effect on health. length 1. The length (long) of the article should be about 800 words. 2.We measured the length of the area and found it was just three meters long and thus, we needed to lengthen it.(length) deliver The volunteers made every effort to deliver the medicines to the disaster area in time. effect 1. I have much affection for my mum, whose words and actions have a positive effect on me. I was deeply affected by her. (effect) 2.(2023·全国甲卷)Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective (effect)at getting grizzlies away. summary 1.When you write a summary of an article, summarizing the main idea of each part is the first step.(summary) emergency 1.When an emergent incident emerges ，you can immediately call the emergency call.(emergency) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit4 重点单词、高频短语、经典必背句型单元检测 一：词汇情景运用 1．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)A _____(洪水) had hit the area earlier that year and the _____ (损失) it caused had driven away a number of birds. 2．A wealthy sponsor came to our _____ (营救) with a generous donation. 3．The accident seemed to have completely/totally _____ (摧毁) his confidence. 4．They opened a _____(避难所) to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless. 5．Twenty miners were _____(使落入险境) underground. 6．His father is _____(埋葬) in the cemetery on the hill. 7．(2021·全国乙卷)Provide financial _____(援助) and other benefits for local peoples. 8．he police have warned the public that the killer could _____(侵袭) again. 9．The earthquake caused damage _____property estimated at $6 million. 10．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Let your pen follow the _____ (wave) of thought. 11．(2022·全国甲卷)It is my firm belief that only with joint _____ (努力) can we have a better tomorrow. 12．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)When approaching the finish line, he burst into a big toothy smile and _____ (挥手) to me with excitement. 13．She drew the curtains and the sunlight _____(大量涌入) in. 14．A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but _____ (废墟)． 二：本单元重点词性转换 1． death n．死；死亡→ _____ adj.死的→ _____adj.致命的→ _____v．死亡 2． affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→ _____ n．效果；结果；影响→ _____ adj.有效的→ _____ n．喜爱 3． shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→ _____ adj.令人震惊的→ _____ adj.感到震惊的 4． electricity n．电；电能→ _____ adj.电的；用电的→ _____adj.电子的 5． breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→ _____ n．呼吸→ _____ adj.气喘吁吁的 6． wisdom n．智慧；才智→ _____ adj.明智的→ _____ adj.不明智的 7． suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ _____ n．受难；苦楚 8． erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→ _____ n．喷发 9． survive vi.生存；vt.幸存→ _____ n．幸存；生还→ _____n．幸存者；生还者 10． power n．电力供应；能量→ _____ adj.强大的→ _____ adj.无力的 11． emergency n突发事件；紧急情况→ _____adj.紧急的→ _____ vi.浮现；出现 12． deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→ _____ n．投递；送交 13． summary n．总结；概括；概要→ _____ vt.& vi.总结；概括 14． length n．长；长度→ _____adj.长的→ _____ v．(使)变长→ _____adj.漫长的；冗长的 三：本单元高频词汇 1_________严重受损；破败不堪 2_________ 露天；在户外 3._________ 提到，涉及 4._________ 建立 5_________过着新生活 6._________仿佛；好像 7_________终结；走向末日 8_________ 完全恢复 9. _________ 把…吹走 10_________ 震惊；吃惊 10. _________处于危险之中 12_________现有（尤指帮助 11. _________遭受，患病 14________ 远离 15_________跑出来 16_________结束终止 17_________消灭，彻底消除 18_________ 执行 19._________一系列的 20._________对......有影响 21._________ 挖掘，发现 22_________ 朝四面八方 23._________搭起 24_________ 至少 25._________ 预计；有望做…… 26．_________ 放弃 27_________ 处境危险 四：本单元必背经典句型 1. too...to...太...而以致不能 1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。 2. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise. 人们开始锻炼永远不会太晚。 3____________________________太晚了，赶不上末班车了。） 2. as if ...似乎；好像(虚拟语气） 1.She talks as if she knew everything.（她说话的样子好像她什么都知道。） 2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.仿佛世界末日即将来临。 3.____________________________.（看起来好像要下雨了。） 3. 现在分词作状语（doing....,句子 句子，doing... .... ） I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。 2.Being tired, he took a rest.（因为累了，他休息了一下。）： 3____________________________.（他坐在那里，静静地读着一本书。） 4. make+it +adj+to do sth (it充当形式宾语） 1.he new software makes it easy to manage your tasks.（这个新软件使管理你的任务变得容易。） 2..A clear explanation makes it possible to understand the complex concept.（清晰的解释使理解这个复杂的概念成为可能。） 5. be doing ....when ....正在做...突然.... 1.I was reading a book when the phone rang.（我正在读书的时候电话响了。） 2.She was walking in the park when it started to rain.（她正在公园里散步的时候天开始下雨了。） 3.________________________.（他正在做晚饭的时候他的朋友们到了。） 五：本单元重点语法填空词汇练习 rescue 1. The firemen rescued a baby _____the flood. 2. When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers _____ (rescue) us. damage 1. The drought has done great damage _____ the crops. 2. They are repairing the houses which _____ (damage) in the flood. shelter 1. It's so hot, and we'd better find a tree to take shelter _____ the sun. 2. We sat in the shade, _____(shelter) from the sun. 3. The city lay in _____ (ruin) after the earthquake. Now, rows of houses are being built. 4. Some parents are just too protective. They want to shelter their kids _____ every kind of danger. ruin 1. The old famous castle fell _____ruin after the big flood. 2. Heavy smoking may ruin _____ (you), so you should give it up as soon as possible. 3. He returned home only to find that his house _____ (ruin) by the flood. 4. Heavy smoking _____ (ruin) your health, so you should give up smoking. shock 1.Looking at the house which lay in ruins _____ shock, he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped. 2.All of us were _____ at the _____ news that many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock) 3.I was shocked _____ (hear) the news that his car got crashed the other day seriously.The news was _____shock to us. trap 1. If you walk into the forest, you're likely to fall _____a trap. 2. The young man was trapped _____ the building, and he felt very helpless. 3. _____(trap) in the building, the young man felt very helpless. 4. He was trying to save the girl _____ (trap) in the burning house. 5. He trapped me _____ cheating in the important examination. bury 1. He was _____ (bury) in his lessons and knew nothing about the outside world. 2. In the past three weeks, we have been burying _____ (we) in study because the exam is drawing near. 3. _____(bury) in his lessons, he knew nothing about the outside world. 4. _____ bury) himself in the newspaper, he didn't notice what was happening. 5. Nowadays family members are often found _____ (bury) in their own smartphones. effort 1. If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance, I will spare no effort _____ (finish) the task. 2. As far as I'm concerned, you should make a greater effort _____ (study) hard. 3. Through all the _____(effort), the city began to breathe again. suffer 1.The _____(suffer) has been suffering for a long time. 2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The project is also being used to help patients _____(suffer)from dementia(痴呆), a serious illness of the mind. 3.People of the disaster area suffered a lot _____the typhoon, and water supplies and electricity were hard to get. 写作运用提能 生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之升华句)(强调句) _____________________________________________ wisdom 1.It is _____(wisdom) of you to give up your possessions(财产) in the fire because nothing is more important than life. 2.She spent her money _____(wisdom) and managed to save a lot. 3.The old man's _____ (wisdom) is gained from years of experience. breath 1.She took a deep_____breath) before starting the speech. 2.He takes a deep _____ and _____ in the sweet smell of fresh flowers.(breathe) destroy 1. The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely _____ (destroy)． 2. The kind of trees is under threat and ten percent _____ (destroy)in huge wildfires last summer. death 1.The tree is_____(death). 2.he _____(death) of his pet made him very sad. 3.The _____ disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 _____ up to now.(dead) 4. Another 254 were found_____(death) and many more were hurt or missing in Thailand. 5.. Many people were injured and 3 people _____ (death) in the accident. supply 1. I'd like to know the reason why the milk is _____ short supply in this area now. 2. I don't know whether they are supplied _____ enough food in the area. 3. I don't know whether they have_____good supply of food in the area. 4. The audience supplied a lot of information____us, which affected us deeply. 5. That rescue team_____ (supply) those people who were affected by the flood with enough fresh water. survive 1.Some strange customs have survived _____ earlier times 2.Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of _____ .Thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in _____the terrible flood and they were the only two _____(survive) 3.We will do everything in our power to help those _____(survive) in the tornado. 4.(浙江卷)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving entirely _____ discarded(丢弃的) food. 5.Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness, she still survived her husband _____ 5 years. 写作运用提能 (2022·全国甲卷) 没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类。 _____________________________________________. power 1.A_____ (power) pleader can inspire people to achieve great things. 2.She felt _____ (power) in the face of the disaster. 3.There was a time when the girl had no power to _____ (speak)． 4.Being a_____ (power) person, he has the power _____ (deal) with all kinds of problems. calm 1. Only when we react to emergencies in life _____ (calm) can we solve problems in a better way. 2. When he gets anxious, he often breathes deeply to calm_____ (he) down. 3．He was very excited, and it was long before he calmed_____ 4. When he was trapped in the flood, he gave his wife a cal_____(calm). aid 1. I'd be very grateful if you can aid me_____ my English. 2. He is so considerate a boy that he often aids his mother_____ (clean) the house. 3. They promised to aid me _____mend) my house damaged in the flood. wave 1. Huge _____ (wave) were breaking on the shore. 2. He waved _____us as the bus drove off. 3. I waved goodbye_____him, but he ignored me. 4. A man in the flood was shouting and _____(wave) his arms around wildly. strike 2. It suddenly _____ (strike) me that I had forgotten to do my homework. 3._____ (strike) by the beauty of Mount Tai, we decided to stay another day. effect 1.This medicine is very _____(effect) in treating headaches. 2.He managed the project _____(effect) and completed it ahead of schedule. 3.have an effect on：Smoking has an adverse effect_____ health. length 1. The_____(long) of the article should be about 800 words. 2.We measured the _____of the area and found it was just three meters _____ and thus, we needed to _____ it.(length) deliver The volunteers made every effort to deliver the medicines _____ the disaster area in time. effect 1. I have much _____ for my mum, whose words and actions have a positive _____ on me. I was deeply_____ by her. (effect) 2.(2023·全国甲卷)Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly _____(effect)at getting grizzlies away. summary 1.When you write a_____ of an article, _____ the main idea of each part is the first step.(summary) emergency 1.When an _____ incident _____，you can immediately call the_____call.(emergency) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$