新概念英语第二册非谓语动词课件

非谓语动词 非谓语动词 判断下面句子哪些是正确的？ Tom was lost in thought, Tom almost ran into the car in front of him. 逗号不能连接两个句子 Tom was lost in thought. Tom almost ran into the car in front of him. Tom was lost in thought, so Tom almost ran into the car in front of him. 连词可以连接两个句子 Being lost in thought, Tom almost ran into the car in front of him. 一个句子有且只能有一个谓语动词，如果出现多个动词，第二个动词起需要变成非谓语动词 非谓语动词 What is 非谓语动词？ 在句子中不能单独做谓语的动词。 包括哪些基本形式？ 不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 to do doing done 表目的，表将来 表主动，表进行 表被动，表完成 非谓语动词 不定式：形式：基本构成：to do 否定式：not to do 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done 非谓语动词 （一）不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或在其后发生。 He threatened to cut my hair off. （二）不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 Mr. Brown is supposed to have left for Italy last week. 非谓语动词 （三）不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，而且正在进行。 The old man pretends to be sleeping. （四）不定式的完成进行式 不定式的完成进行式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，而且一直在进行。 He was very happy to have been staying with his uncle. 非谓语动词 （五）不定式的被动语态 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式 “to be+过去分词”或“to have been+过去分词”。 The building to be built there is our lab. （不定式的一般被动式） The temple is said to have been built in the Ming Dynasty. （不定式的完成被动式） 非谓语动词 不定式的句法功能： （一）作主语 1.不定式或不定式短语直接作主语，表示没有发生的动作或具体的动作，谓语动词用单数。 To find a good job my wish. 非谓语动词 不定式的句法功能： （一）作主语 2.如果用作主语的不定式（短语）较长，常用it作形式主语而把真正的主语移到句子的后面，以保持整个句子结构的平衡。形成句型：It is（was）+形容词+（for/of+sb.）to do sth. It is very important to master a foreign language. 非谓语动词 （二）作宾语 1.有些动词或动词短语后只用不定式作宾语。常与不定式作宾语连用的动词或动词短语有：want, try, hope, wish, plan, learn, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, like, love, hate, begin, start, choose, decide, fail, forget, remember, continue, demand, desire, pretend, intend, hesitate, prepare, happen, fail, expect, determine, beg, afford, ask, be supposed to do sth., be about to do sth.等。 I want to eat ice-cream. You promised to give it to me. to do表示目的和将来，“去做......” 非谓语动词 不定式的句法功能： （二）作宾语 2.谓语动词think, find, feel, make, suppose, believe等后常其用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语不定式后置。句型结构为：主+谓+it+宾语补足语（形容词/名词）+to do sth. She finds it difficult to learn English well. 非谓语动词 不定式的句法功能： （三）作表语 1.不定式作表语时，表明主语“是什么”，不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作。大部分情况下，主语和表语的位置可以互换。若主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，则形式必须保持一致，即前后要么都是不定式，要么都是动名词。 His job is to teach English. To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing. 2.Review: 某些结构中可以用主动表被动，be to blame, be to let She is to blame for the accident. 非谓语动词 不定式的句法功能： （四）作定语 动词不定式作定语须放在被修饰的名词（短语）或代词之后，做后置定语。 I have something to do this afternoon. He was the first student to get to the top of the hill. He had the wish to be an artist. 动宾关系 主谓关系 同位关系 非谓语动词 不定式的句法功能： （五）作状语 1.表示目的。 She reads English newspapers every day to improve her English. 2.表示结果。 不定式作结果状语时常表示意料之外的结果，常用于only to+动词原形的结构中。 He hurried to the station, only to see that the train had left. 非谓语动词 不定式的句法功能： （五）作状语 3.表示原因。表示喜怒哀乐等心理状态的形容词或过去分词作表语在其后加不定式。 I'm glad to see you again. 非谓语动词 （六）作宾补 动词不定式作宾语补足语用来表达宾语所发出的动作，句型结构为：主+谓+宾+to do sth. 某些及物动词的宾语后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成复合宾语。该类及物动词有：ask, help, allow, want, think, like, hate, wish, warn, tell, get, force, expect, advise, expect, cause, persuade, prefer, teach, invite, prepare, permit, encourage等。 The doctor advises him to give up smoking. 非谓语动词 （七）作主补 带有宾语和宾补的结构用于被动语态时，宾补变主补：be+V-ed+to do。 He was forbidden to leave the room, as a punishment. They were made to work day and night. 在sb/sth+be+said/reported/believed/supposed+to do作主补。 They are believed to conduct the plan soon. 非谓语动词 不定式省略to： 1.使役动词和感官动词接不定式作宾补时，常接省略to的不定式，但是这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to。 这些使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel），二听（hear, listen），三让（let, make, have），四看（see, watch, look, notice）。另外，help后充当宾语补足语的不定式可带to，也可不带to。 I heard him sing a song in the next room.→He was heard to sing a song in the next room. 非谓语动词 The teacher let him recite the poem.→He was let by the teacher to recite the poem. He helped me（to）find the book.→I was helped by him to find the book. 2. 在do nothing but, have nothing to do but do等结构中，前有do后无to，前无to后有do。 I have nothing to do but wait. I have nothing to deal with but to wait. 非谓语动词 3. 在had better, would rather, cannot help but, may/might just as well之后省略to。 He had better track this wolf and see where it lived. 随堂练习 1. He seems quite well in the examination since he feels so confident of passing. A. to do B. to have done C. doing D. having done 2. At first he found what he wanted to do. A. that it hard to do B. it hard to do C. hard to do D. hard to do it 3.I meant you,but I was so busy. A. to have called on B. calling on C. to be called on D. having called on 4.His mother bought him a toy train . A. which to play with B. to play with C. to play with it D. at which to play B B A B 随堂练习 5.The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, by the police next time. A. had been captured B. being always captured C. only to be captured D. unfortunately captured 6.Jack could do nothing but________to his mother that he was wrong. A.admitting B.admits C.admit D.to admit 7. The problem at the meeting next Sunday is of great significance. A. discussed B. to be discussed C. being discussed D. discussing C C B 随堂练习 8. Mr. Smith is supposed for London last week. A. to have left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have been left 9. The television is still on.She must have forgotten________it off. A.turning B.to turn C.turned D.have turned 10. I happened________along the street when the car accident took place. A.to walk B.walking C.to be walking D.to be walked A B C 非谓语动词 1. 结构：动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成。相当于名词。 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 2.否定形式：not+动名词 动名词： 非谓语动词 （一）动名词的一般式 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或在其后发生 I approve of his taking part in the project. （二）动名词的完成式 动名词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 He never tells me about his having been to Paris. 非谓语动词 （三）动名词被动式 当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词所表示动作的承受者时，动名词一般要用被动式。 （“being+过去分词”或“having been+过去分词”） After being interviewed,you will know the result.（动词的一般被动式） I heard of his having been chosen as coach of the team.（动名词的完成被动式） 非谓语动词 （四）动名词主动表被动 Review:need/want/require doing=need /want/require to be done sth be worth doing/deserve doing This essay needs shortening/to be shortened. 两个“需要”、两个“值得” 非谓语动词 动名词句法功能： （一）作主语 1. 动名词作主语表示抽象或习惯性的动作，当作第三人称单数处理。 Walking is good for our health. Being offered such a job was a sheer good luck. 非谓语动词 2.有些形容词或名词充当表语时，常需用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置。此类形容词或名词有：no use, no good, fun, funny, worth, tiring, a waste of time等。 It's no use talking with him about it. 3. There is no doing...=It is impossible to do... 做......没有可能 There is no denying that Jack is guilty of negligence. 非谓语动词 （二）作动词宾语 1. 以下及物动词和动词短语常用动名词（短语）作宾语，而不能用不定式（短语）作宾语，如 admit, advise, advocate（提倡）, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice/practise, prevent, quit, recall, resent（愤恨）, resist, risk, suggest, tolerate, can't help（禁不住）等。 People enjoy working with him because he is very humorous. 非谓语动词 （二）作动词宾语 2.既可用动名词（短语）又可用不定式（短语）作宾语的动词（短语）：bear（忍受）, begin, forget, hate, intend, like, love, mean, need, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, stop, try, go on等。 We mean to travel by air tomorrow. Note：mean to do sth 打算做某事 mean doing sth 意味着某事 can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 can’t help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 used to doing sth习惯于做某事 非谓语动词 （二）作动词宾语 3.动名词（短语）可以作介词的宾语，常用在某些短语后面。这类短语主要有：succeed in, insist on, feel like, apologize for, give up, keep on, put off, attach importance to, be accustomed to, devote to, confess to, in addition to, lead to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, be opposed to, stick to, take to, the approach/ solution/ key to等。 She apologizes for breaking the new vase. 非谓语动词 （二）作动词宾语 4. 在下列结构中应使用动名词（短语）作宾语：have(no) difficulty/(no) trouble/fun/pleasure/a hard time/a good time(in) doing sth., spend some time(in) doing sth., when it comes to doing sth.等。 They had a hard time walking out of the grassland. 非谓语动词 5.有些动词，如advise, allow, forbid, permit, recommend等，v.+doing/v.+sb+to do He doesn’t allow smoking in his office. He doesn’t allow his family to smoke in his office. 非谓语动词 动名词句法功能： （三）作介词宾语 1. 动词+介词+doing。 He succeeded in getting a place at art school. succeed in doing worry about doing think about doing admit to doing give up doing agree on doing believe in doing apologize for doing dream of doing object to doing insist on doing persist in doing stick to doing turn to doing think of doing 非谓语动词 动名词句法功能： （三）作介词宾语 2. 动词+名词/代词+介词+doing。 Li Ming excused his friends for not being able to attend the party yesterday. thank sb. for doing waste... in doing congratulate sb. on doing devote oneself to doing excuse sb. for doing forgive sb. for doing pay attention to doing prevent sb. from doing keep sb. from doing 非谓语动词 动名词句法功能： （三）作介词宾语 3. 可以省略介词。 She spent her spare time（in）shopping. spend...（in）doing prevent...（from）doing stop...（from）doing have difficulty/trouble/problem（in）doing waste...（in）doing 非谓语动词 动名词句法功能： （三）作介词宾语 4. 名词+介词+doing。 I have no habit of planning ahead. habit of doing advice about/on doing difficulty in doing delay in doing experience in/of doing apology for doing importance of doing excuse for doing hope of doing possibility of doing interest in doing method of doing success in doing idea of doing skill in doing 非谓语动词 5.be+形容词/过去分词+介词+doing。 be good at doing be good for doing be busy in doing be afraid of doing be aware of doing be angry about doing be bad at doing be bad for doing be proud of doing be confident of doing be fond of doing be experienced in doing be expert in doing be fearful of doing be poor in doing be hopeful of doing be interested in doing be suitable for doing be responsible for doing be successful in doing be diffident of doing be tired of doing be used to doing be unaware of doing 非谓语动词 动名词句法功能： （四）作表语 动名词作表语是表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。 Blacks job is receiving newspapers. 可以和主语互换位置。 My hobby is playing chess. =Playing chess is my hobby. 非谓语动词 动名词句法功能： （五）作定语 动名词作定语时，置于被修饰名词之前，表示被修饰名词的用途或者性能。 It is very convenient to use a washing machine. You are so brave to jump down from the diving board. a sleeping pill一片安眠药 a hiding place一个藏身的地方 a dressing room一间更衣室 building materials建筑材料 drinking water饮用水 a reading room一间阅览室 a waiting room候车室 a dining hall餐厅 reading material阅读材料 非谓语动词 动名词复合结构： （1）there be的动名词形式为there being，多在介词后面。 Ann never dreams of there being a chance to be sent abroad very soon. （2）逻辑主语+形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词→作主语/宾语 The president’s coming is what we have expected. 随堂练习 1. by the host added to his uneasiness. A. His neglecting B. His being neglected C. He is neglected D. He had been neglected 2.It is no good________about the living conditions here. You should adapt yourself to the new environment. A.to complain B.complained C.to complaining D.complaining 3.-What's made Ruth so upset? - three tickets to the folk music concert. A.Lost B.Losing C.Because of losing D. Since he lost B D B 随堂练习 4.I remember my father me to the beach when I was a very small boy.We forget a towel and I felt very cold. A. taking, to take B. to take, taking C. take, taking D. take, taken 5.I am considering your offer. A. to accept B. accepted C. having accepted D. accepting 6. To take the machine apart now would mean a lot of labour. A.to waste B. wasting C. to be wasted D.being wasted A D B 随堂练习 7. He apologized for . A. his not being able to come B.his being not able to come C.his being able not to come D.not his being able to come 8.I objected to like this. A.treating B.being treated C. be treating D. have treated 9.The hall is used to________guests, but I'm not used to________in so noisy an atmosphere. A.treat; eating B.treating; eating C.treat; eat D.treating; eat A B A 非谓语动词 现在分词： 1.结构：动词-ing构词，兼有形容词和副词特征。 2.否定形式：not+动名词 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 非谓语动词 现在分词用法： （一）一般式 一般式表示该动作正在发生，或与谓语动词所表示的动作（几乎）同时发生。 Walking in the street the other day, I came across an old friend. （二）完成式 表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 Having finished his speech, he answered our questions. 非谓语动词 （三）一般被动式 一般被动式不仅表示被动，而且表示这个动作正在发生，或者这个动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 The new product being tested will be put into production soon. （四）完成被动式 完成被动式不仅表示被动，而且表示这个动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生。 Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work. 非谓语动词 分词句法功能： （一）定语 1.结构：doing/done+n. n.+doing/done... 2.用法：单个分词作定语前置，分词短语做定语后置。 This was a worrying problem. The broken cup is put on the table. This is a book written by a famous American writer. Tell the children playing by the river to look out for their safety. 非谓语动词 分词句法功能： （一）定语 （难点）不定式表示将来的动作；现在分词表示正在进行的动作；过去分词表示完成的动作。 The bridge to be built next year will play an important part in this area's traffic. The bridge being built will play an important part in this area's traffic. The bridge built last year plays an important part in this area's traffic. 非谓语动词 分词句法功能： （二）表语 1.结构：主语+be动词+doing/done 2.用法：现在分词作表语时，往往表示一种状态，或者表示主语的性质或特征，主语一般是物；过去分词作表语时，往往表示主语的状态或状况，主语一般是人。 The news is very disappointing. Local residents were very disappointed with the decision. 非谓语动词 （三）状语 1.结构：Doing/Done...,主语+谓语 主语+谓语..., doing/done... 2.用法：分词作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、结果、伴随、方式等。现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成。 Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. When completed, the museum will be open to the public. Given another chance, he will do better. He sat on the sofa, watching TV. 非谓语动词 （四）宾补 1.结构：v.+sb/sth+doing/done sth 2.用法：（1）感官动词（短语）：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, smell, listen to, look at 等 The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano. （2）表示“使”“致使”等意义的动词：get, have, keep, leave, make, let等。 I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 非谓语动词 3.现在分词做宾补强调动作延续性，表示动作正在进行；不定式做宾补强调动作全过程或经常性。 I saw her cross the street. I saw her crossing the street. 看见全过程 看见正在进行 随堂练习 1.Mike had his driving license for reckless driving. A. suspend B. being suspended C. suspended D. suspending 2. Mike used to look hurt and surprised when . A. scolding B.to scold C. having scolded D. scolded 3. ,he can now only watch it on TV at home. A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match 4. George stood up in order to make_______by others. A.seen B.to see C.seeing D.see C D C A 随堂练习 5. ________in the street, she tries to remember how she delivered her speech yesterday. A.Walking B.To walk C.Having walked D.Walked 6. After a long walk on a hot day, one often feels . A.exhaustive B. exhausting C. exhaust D. exhausted 7. The door remained . A. locking B. locked C. lock D. to lock 8. the direction clearly, I could not find the way to the hotel. A. Having not understood B. Having understood not C. Not having understood D.Not understand A D B C 随堂练习 9. You will see the product wherever you go. A.advertised B.advertise C. advertising D. to be advertised 10.The new library, ________last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A.build B.building C.to be built D.built A D 非谓语动词 独立主格结构是个名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上一个不定式、分词、介词短语、形容词、副词等，在句子中做状语。 The movie being over, they went home. Time permitting, I shall go to Shanghai to stay for one week. She lay against the wall, the sun shining upon her face. 特点：①有逗号，无连词 ②非谓语前带有自身的逻辑主语 结构：①主语1+谓语，主语2+非谓语。 ②主语1+非谓语，主语2+谓语。 非谓语动词 with复合结构： (with) 名词/代词（逻辑主语）+to do/doing/done，主语+谓语...... With exams approaching, it’s a good idea to review your notes. 现在分词做独立成分：（看成固定搭配） Considering his age, he can't go to school himself. frankly speaking 坦白地说 honestly speaking 诚实地说 generally speaking 一般说来 talking of/about 谈到 judging from/by 根据······判断 considering... 考虑到······ 随堂练习 1.So many people ，the meeting had to be put off. A. were absent B. being absent C. been absent D.had been absent 2.There nothing more for discussion, the meetin came to an end half an hour earlier. A.to be B.to have been C.being D.be 3.Time , the celebration will be held as scheduled. A.permit B.permitting C. permitted D. permits 4.He lay on his back, his hands under his head. A. crossing B. crossed C. to cross D.having crossed B C B B 随堂练习 5.Slowly she opened the letter, . A.her hands trembled slightly B.trembling her hands slightly C.her hands slightly trembling D.slightly her hands were trembled 6.With its economy__________so fast. China is becoming more and more active in international affairs. A.to develop B.developing C.is developing D.developed C B 非谓语动词 翻译中应用： 一般情况下，可以用连词连接主从句 此时也可以换成从句变成独立主格结构。 吉姆犯了错，因此他爸爸训斥了他。 Because Jim made a big mistake, his father scolded him.（连词方式） Jim making a big mistake, his father scolded him.（独立主格方式） $$