冠词用法（讲义）-2023-2024学年人教PEP版英语六年级下册

第四讲 冠 词 基本用法 当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。 一、定冠词的基本用法： ① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful. ② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please. ③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。 ④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right. ⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest. ⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded. ⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation. ⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake. ⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths ⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin. ⑾　发明物。如：The compass was invented in China. ⑿　年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 　　⒀　固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time 二、不定冠词的基本用法： ① 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table. ② 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea. ③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. ④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。） ⑤ 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。） ⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 　　⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"） 　　⑧ 固定搭配。如：A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden(突然), as a matter of fact(实际上), in a hurry(匆忙的), in a word(简言之), have a good time(玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(帮忙), pay a visit to(访问), as a rule(惯例), as a whole(总之), in a day or two(一两天), in a way(在某种程度上), of a size(大小相同), have a word with sb.(与…交谈), make a living(谋生), take a pride in(自豪), take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座)), a great deal of(大量), be a pity(遗憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒(头痛、发烧)), many a(许多), catch a cold(感冒). 三、不用冠词的情况： ① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。） ② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English. ③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct. ④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most. ⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother? ⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch? ⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. ⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball. ⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。 四.注意：冠词与抽象名词连用，抽象名词具体化，表示“一场，一次，一件”等意思，如：a pleasure, a surprise, a joy, a pity, an honor, a knowledge of , a success等 五. 用冠词与不用冠词的差异 在某些习惯用语中，用还是不用冠词，意义不同，有时甚至差别很大，使用时要特别注意。 at table 进餐 at the table 在桌子旁 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里 by sea 乘船（由海路） by the sea 在海边 go to sea 当水手 go to the sea 去海边 go to school 上学 Go to the school 到学校去 A most important meeting 一个重要的会议 The most important meeting 最重要的会议 A third time 又一次 the third time 第三次 A number of 许多 the number of …的数目 - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$