精品解析：北京市第九中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中英语试题

北京九中2024—2025学年度第一学期期中统练 2024.11 年级:高二 科目:英语 (考试时间100分钟 满分100分) 第一部分:知识运用(共30分) 一、词汇(共20小题,每小题0.5分,共10分。从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。) 1. 请选出与单词“access”匹配的释义。________ A. 特点 B. 主人 C. 报告 D. 进入 2. 请选出与单词“convince”匹配的释义。________ A. 便利 B. 自信 C. 说服 D. 控制 3. 请选出与单词“effective”匹配的释义。________ A. 效率 B. 有效的 C. 效果 D. 影响 4. 请选出与单词“employee”匹配的释义。________ A. 雇员 B. 雇主 C. 雇佣 D. 雇佣合同 5. 请选出与单词“depressed”匹配的释义。________ A. 绝望的 B. 沮丧的 C. 拼命的 D. 敏感的 6. 请选出与单词“guilty”匹配的释义。________ A. 自私的 B. 忧愁的 C. 内疚的 D. 烦恼的 7. 请选出与单词“competitor”匹配的释义。________ A. 竞争 B. 比赛 C. 能力 D. 选手 8. 请选出与单词“devotion”匹配的释义。________ A. 宿舍 B. 提升 C. 奉献 D. 信任 9. 请选出与单词“contrast”匹配的释义。________ A. 合同 B. 差异 C. 控制 D. 捐献 10. 请选出与单词“intensity”匹配的释义。________ A. 强度 B. 意图 C. 影响 D. 邀请 11. 请选出与释义“极好的；难以置信的”匹配的单词。________ A. incredible B. passionate C. worthwhile D. sensitive 12. 请选出与释义“热心的，热衷的”匹配的单词。________ A. emotional B. enthusiastic C. grateful D. practical 13. 请选出与释义“偏好，爱好”匹配的单词。________ A. passion B. presentation C. preference D. principle 14. 请选出与释义“最后的，最终的”匹配的单词。________ A. motivated B. wired C. advanced D. ultimate 15. 请选出与释义“心神不定的，无法集中的”匹配的单词。________ A. ashamed B. reserved C. distracted D. injured 16. 请选出与释义“远见卓识”匹配的单词。________ A. progression B. vision C. simulation D. intention 17. 请选出与释义“拼命的；绝望的”匹配的单词。________ A. desperate B. demanding C. disciplined D. defensive 18. 请选出与释义“巨大的, 庞大的”匹配的单词。________ A. ambitious B. enormous C. countless D. constant 19. 请选出与释义“令人惊奇的， 异乎寻常的”匹配的单词。________ A. extreme B. effective C. extraordinary D. element 20. 请选出与释义“自制力；惩罚，触发”匹配的单词。________ A. dorm B. deadline C. dominate D. discipline 二、完形填空。(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分。阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。) It was my first time skiing and I had been persuaded to come along with a group of friends. I was wondering whether I had made a ____21____ by joining them, because they all had at least some ____22____ of skiing in the past while I had never even had a single skiing lesson. We arrived at our destination in the afternoon and my lessons didn’t start until the following morning. There was no way I was going to stay behind and ____23____ everyone else go out to enjoy the skiing without me, so I grabbed my stuff and ____24____ out with them. Harriet, a member of our group, took pity on me and offered to pair up, giving me some ____25____ on how to get started. For all of about ten metres, I fell to the ground in shame. Again to my feet, again to the floor. And so the situation continued until finally, just once, I caught my ____26____ and I was away. I daren’t move anything for fear that my run would come to an untimely end. From a few feet behind, Harriet was shouting something encouraging, trying not to ski past me and ruin my moment of ____27____. I only covered a tiny distance, but it felt ____28____. With proper instructions, I improved quickly. Harriet was a really ____29____ teacher and I had a good experience. Winter is coming again. I can’t wait to head ____30____ to the ski resort. 21. A. mistake B. deal C. promise D. contribution 22. A. ambition B. assistance C. pressure D. experience 23. A. suggest B. watch C. help D. order 24. A. broke B. called C. went D. checked 25. A. tips B. reasons C. comments D. gifts 26. A. tear B. balance C. coat D. idea 27. A. accident B. creativity C. victory D. wildness 28. A. amazing B. boring C. disappointing D. relaxing 29. A. confident B. funny C. strange D. patient 30. A. bitterly B. curiously C. excitedly D. nervously 三、语法填空。(共 10 小题, 每小题 1 分, 共 10 分。阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。) A 语法填空 Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist, ____31____ large sculptures are on display all over the world. One way for him to find inspiration is thinking about his children`s toys. These ____32____ (object) have given him ideas for his animal sculptures, such as the famous Rubber Duck. A more recent work of his is the huge Floating Fish, which ____33____ (set) among the beautiful landscape of Wuzhen West Scenic Zone. B 语法填空 At the age of ten, Liu Wei lost both his arms in an accident. Despite this, he wanted to live life to the full. He learned ____34____ (use) his feet for everyday activities. He also ____35____ (start) swimming and won two gold medals at the National Games for People with Disabilities. When he had to stop swimming due to health problems, he decided to learn how to play the piano ____36____ his toes. It was difficult, ____37____ he kept practicing until he had achieved his goal. In 2010, he won in Chinas Got Talent and became famous. C 语法填空 In most countries ____38____ (turn) 18 marks the start of adulthood. But what does reaching this milestone, the age of majority, really mean? Will you be ____39____ (complete) in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and ____40____ (excite) ways? What new responsibilities will it bring? Some young people have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a sense of social responsibilities than before. 第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分) 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A The Public Transport Fares in New York On our website, you can find out how much it costs to ride the subway, bus, Long Island Rail Road, and Metro-North in the New York area. ★ Subways and buses ●Fare for most riders on subways and local, limited, and Select Bus Service buses:$2.85. ●Express buses cost $6.85. More information about subway and bus fares ●Riding the subway costs $2.85 for most riders. People with disabilities or who are 65 or older are qualified for a reduced fare. ●An unlimited ride MetroCard can save you money. It gives you unlimited rides for a certain length of time. ●MetroCards cost $1. All cards except for the Single Ride card are refillable (可充值的). ●Up to three children under 44 inches tall ride for free when they are with a fare-paying adult. ●You pay the fare at turnstiles (旋转闸门) before you aboard the train. You don’t have to do anything afterwards. ★ Railroads: LIRR (Long Island Rail Road) and Metro-North ●Fares vary based on when and where you are travelling. ●Buying tickets on your phone is the most convenient option. More information about railroad fares ●Peak (高峰的) fares are charged during business rush hours on any weekday train scheduled to arrive in New York City terminals between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m. or depart New York City terminals between 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. On Metro-North trains, peak fares also apply to travel on any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Station between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m. ●Off-peak fares are charged at all other times on weekdays, all day on Saturday and Sunday, and on holidays. ●Use our trip planner to find fare information. Get schedules and directions and see whether a trip is during peak or off-peak hours. 41. How much might a subway trip cost a 68-year-old man with two children under 44 inches tall? A. $2.35. B. $2.85. C. $5.70. D. $6.85. 42. For what train trip are peak fares charged? A. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 10 pm. B. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 7 am. C A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 9 pm. D. A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 8:30 am. 43. Why should people read the trip planner? A. To know special offers. B. To leave your advice. C. To check fare information. D. To book a train ticket. B When a Houston dad found out his eight-year-old son was being bullied, he didn’t get mad at the classmate who teased him. Instead, he talked with the so-called bully and realized that the boy was struggling, too. Aubrey Fontenot’s son, Jordan, told him a boy named Tamarion was teasing him. Fontenot decided to sit down with his son and Tamarion to understand what was going on, and something unexpected happened. Tamarion told Fontenot he was being teased at school, too. “I asked, ‘By who? You are big. You are huge. Who is teasing you?’” the father said. “He said, ‘Just all the other kids, man. They are making fun of me.’” Fontenot learned that Tamarion was getting teased for his clothes and shoes — his clothes and shoes were old and dirty. Fontenot then spoke to the boy’s mother. “She kind of confirmed it,” Fontenot said. “And she said, ‘That’s the kind of situation.’” He felt sympathetic to the young boy and wanted to help. So he asked Tamarion’s mom if he could take her son to do some shopping. Fontenot posted videos of their trip to the mall on social media and they went viral. Tamarion eventually smiled, and then the two were laughing and singing together on their shopping trip. Just as if he were taking his own son to do some shopping, Fontenot got Tamarion new clothes and shoes, and shared words of wisdom with him. Then, the dad united the two boys. He said it was awkward at first — just a day earlier, they didn’t get along well at school. But the two classmates started playing sports games together and soon became friends. It was not just about the clothes and shoes. Tamarion gained a friend in Jordan, and a mentor in his dad. Fontenot said he was also bullied when he was a child, so he knew it was important to listen to Tamarion’s story. He chose kindness instead of anger and brought the two boys together. “I wouldn’t say that was the goal, but that was the reward,” Fontenot said. 44. What was Fontenot’s attitude toward his son’s being bullied? A. Amazed and embarrassed. B. Angry and impatient. C. Sad and discouraged. D. Calm and sensible. 45. What did Fontenot do to solve the problem of bullying? A. He turned to the school for help. B. He made the two boys united and join together. C. He asked Tamarion’s mother to settle the problem. D. He ordered his son never to play with Tamarion again. 46. What can we know from the text? A. Fontenot communicated with Tamarion’s mother to know about him. B. Jordan’s being bullied arose from his clothes and shoes. C. Jordan and Tamarion got along well in the beginning. D. Tamarion’s mother paid little attention to Tamarion. C For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things. Stressing successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method — develop a hypothesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it — isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things. If there is no identifiable scientific method then what is the reason for trust in science? The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) of claims. It’s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults. A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science — the more people looking at a claim from different angles — is important. Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness. 47. How does the author think of the scientific method? A. Stable. B. Persuasive. C. Unreliable. D. Unrealistic. 48. What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Explained. B. Examined. C. Repeated. D. Released. 49. According to the passage, the author may agree that ______. A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claims B. settled science tends to be collectively overturned C. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny D. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science 50. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Put Your Faith in Science B. Defend the Truth in Science C. Apply Your Mind to Science D. Explore A Dynamic Way to Science D The Human Spark “What is civilization?” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal BBC series on the subject. “I don’t know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I’m looking at it now. ”And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院). It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral’s collapsing steeple is in fact profoundly human – and in a particularly 21st-century way. It is not just the economy that is global today, it is culture too. People wander the world in search not just of jobs and security but also of beauty and history. Familiarity breeds affection. A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself. This visual age has endowed beauty with new power, and social media have turned great works of art into superstars. Only a few, though, have achieved this status. Just as there is only ever a handful of world-famous actors, so the pantheon of globally recognizable cultural symbols is tiny: the Mona Lisa, Michelangelo’s David, the Taj Mahal, the Great Pyramid – and Notre Dame. Disaster, too, is visual. In the 24 hours after the fire started, videos on social media of the burning cathedral were viewed nearly a quarter of a billion times. Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Nobody could look up into that vaulted ceiling without wondering at the genius of the thousands of anonymous craftsmen who, over a century and a half, realized a vision so grand in its structure and so delicate in its detail. Its survival through war and revolution connects the present to the past. The fire also binds people to each other. The outpouring of emotion it has brought forth is proof that we are all in it together. When nationalism is a rising threat, shared sadness makes borders suddenly irrelevant; a love of culture has the power to unite. When extremism divides Muslim from Christian and religious people from non-religious, those of all faiths and none are mourning together. And it will be rebuilt. The morning after the fire, the many Parisians who went to the cathedral to mourn its destruction found comfort instead. Although the spire is gone, the towers are still standing and it seems likely that the whole building can be revived. The effort to rebuild it, like the fire, will bring people together. Within 24 hours, €600m ($677m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. A high-resolution laser scan of the building, carried out recently, should help. It will never be the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor Hugo wrote in The Hunchback of Notre Dame, “Great edifices, like great mountains, are the work of centuries. Art is often transformed as it is being made...Time is the architect. The nation is the builder.” 51. According to the author, ______. A. we should not care more about a building than we do about people B. it’s understandable that the floods in Africa has attracted more attention C. it’s human for people to feel deeply sorry for the destruction of Notre Dame D. people are supposed to feel guilty if they are more concerned about buildings 52. In 21st century, what make great works of art even more popular? A. The beauty of art and value of culture B. People’s search for jobs and sense of security C. The expression of humanity and amazing craftsmanship D. The arrival of visual age and popularity of social media 53. The author believes that culture ______. A. is an expression of humanity at its collective best B. arouses emotions and reminds people what they are losing C. brings people together regardless of their nationality and religious belief D. threatens the outpouring of emotions and makes people’s sadness irrelevant 54. Which word can best describe the writer’s attitude towards the rebuilding of Notre Dame? A. Positive B. Negative C. Neutral D. Concerned 第二节:(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分) 根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。 Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique. It involves explaining what you're learning to others. By teaching what you’ve learned from memory you engage in active recall. ____55____ It also ensures that you understand the topic, because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it. The technique consists of four repeatable steps. To begin, choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand. ___56___ The more interested you are, the faster you’ll grasp it. Moreover, a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged. ___57___ Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old. If you’d rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience. But it works much better if you use a real person. They’ll be able to let you know when something isn’t clear. While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding. ____58____ Review your notes, reread books, or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward. Now that you fully grasp the concept, test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person. This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit. The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown-ups to learn. ____59____ You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else. However, with great efforts in mastering this method, you’ll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before. A. It is mentally demanding. B. This helps the information stick in your mind better. C. Teach it to a five-year-old, who would give you direct feedback. D. Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning. E. Once you have chosen a topic, you can teach it to someone else. F. Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning. G. When this happens, refer back to the original material for the missing pieces. 第三部分:书面表达(共两节,32分) 第一节(共4小题;第60-61题每小题2分,第62题3分,第63题5分,共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Smartphones have become a big part of people’s lives. When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”. Thankfully, I rode through the withdrawal of my smartphone and it was short-lived. When I got my first smartphone over a decade ago, I loved it. It gave me instant access to my music, a world of information and thousands of photos and videos. But over time, I became increasingly ambivalent about its role in my life. I would repeatedly refresh my email, shop online for stuff I didn’t need and constantly scroll through the latest news. I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!” I decided to try. Instead of going cold turkey — no cellphone at all — I bought a flip phone. With no touch screen, texting is time-consuming. Once, while trying to catch up on texts with a friend, I finally got frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spoken to her since her big move. It made a difference to hear both the excitement in her voice as she described seeing the northern lights and her sadness in being away from a sick parent. Nowadays, people may prefer text-based communication over using the phone because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person. Wuyou Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nomophobia as a reliance that’s been placed upon us. “Whenever something is designed to make a choice easier, it’s called a behavioural nudge,” he explains, adding that the more central to our lives the smartphone’s functions are, the more prisoned we become. Ultimately, though, that sense of dependence is false. As I’ve found, you can do all the things you need to do in other ways. It’s not always convenient, but I know I’m much calmer on a regular basis without my smartphone. 60. What does “nomophobia” refer to? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 61. Why did the author decide to give up her smartphone? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 62. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 63. Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage what can you do to avoid “nomophobia”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 64. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你校将组织参观庆祝中华人民共和国成立75周年成就展， 你班的交换生Jim对此兴趣浓厚，请你写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括： 1. 活动目的及时间安排等； 2. 活动内容； 3. 询问对方的意向。 参考词汇： 中华人民共和国成立75周年：75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China 成就展： exhibition of achievements 注意：1. 词数100字左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京九中2024—2025学年度第一学期期中统练 2024.11 年级:高二 科目:英语 (考试时间100分钟 满分100分) 第一部分:知识运用(共30分) 一、词汇(共20小题,每小题0.5分,共10分。从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。) 1. 请选出与单词“access”匹配的释义。________ A. 特点 B. 主人 C. 报告 D. 进入 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。access的意思为“进入”。故选D项。 2. 请选出与单词“convince”匹配的释义。________ A. 便利 B. 自信 C. 说服 D. 控制 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。convince为动词，意为“说服”。故选C。 3. 请选出与单词“effective”匹配的释义。________ A. 效率 B. 有效的 C. 效果 D. 影响 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。effective为形容词，意为“有效的”。故选B。 4. 请选出与单词“employee”匹配的释义。________ A. 雇员 B. 雇主 C. 雇佣 D. 雇佣合同 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。employee为名词，意为“雇员”。故选A。 5. 请选出与单词“depressed”匹配的释义。________ A. 绝望的 B. 沮丧的 C. 拼命的 D. 敏感的 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。depressed为形容词，意为“沮丧的”。故选B。 6. 请选出与单词“guilty”匹配的释义。________ A. 自私的 B. 忧愁的 C. 内疚的 D. 烦恼的 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查词义辨析。英语中guilty是形容词意为“内疚的、羞愧的”。故选C项。 7. 请选出与单词“competitor”匹配的释义。________ A. 竞争 B. 比赛 C. 能力 D. 选手 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。competitor为名词，意为“选手，参赛者”。故选D。 8. 请选出与单词“devotion”匹配的释义。________ A. 宿舍 B. 提升 C. 奉献 D. 信任 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。devotion意为“奉献”，为不可数名词。故选C。 9. 请选出与单词“contrast”匹配的释义。________ A. 合同 B. 差异 C. 控制 D. 捐献 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。contrast的意思为 “差异”。故选B项。 10. 请选出与单词“intensity”匹配的释义。________ A. 强度 B. 意图 C. 影响 D. 邀请 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。intensity为名词，意为“强度”。故选A。 11. 请选出与释义“极好的；难以置信的”匹配的单词。________ A. incredible B. passionate C. worthwhile D. sensitive 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. incredible难以置信的；B. passionate有激情的；C. worthwhile有价值的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据题干内容可知，与释义“极好的；难以置信的”匹配的单词为A选项的形容词incredible“难以置信的”。故选A项。 12. 请选出与释义“热心的，热衷的”匹配的单词。________ A. emotional B. enthusiastic C. grateful D. practical 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. emotional情感的； B. enthusiastic热心的，热衷的；C. grateful感激的；D. practical实际的。“热心的，热衷的”为形容词enthusiastic。故选B。 13. 请选出与释义“偏好，爱好”匹配的单词。________ A. passion B. presentation C. preference D. principle 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. passion热爱；B. presentation展示；C. preference偏好，爱好；D. principle原则。“偏好，爱好”为preference，为名词。故选C。 14. 请选出与释义“最后的，最终的”匹配的单词。________ A. motivated B. wired C. advanced D. ultimate 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. motivated有动力的；B. wired有线的；C. advanced先进的；D. ultimate最后的，最终的。“最后的，最终的”为ultimate，为形容词。故选D。 15. 请选出与释义“心神不定的，无法集中的”匹配的单词。________ A. ashamed B. reserved C. distracted D. injured 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. ashamed羞耻的；B. reserved保留的；C. distracted心神不定的, 无法集中的；D. injured受伤的。根据题干内容可知，与释义“心神不定的，无法集中的”匹配的单词为C选项的形容词distracted“心神不定的，无法集中的”。故选C项。 16. 请选出与释义“远见卓识”匹配的单词。________ A. progression B. vision C. simulation D. intention 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. progression进展；B. vision视野、远见；C. simulation模拟；D. intention意图。B项vision“远见卓识”符合题干释义。故选B项。 17. 请选出与释义“拼命的；绝望的”匹配的单词。________ A. desperate B. demanding C. disciplined D. defensive 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. desperate绝望的；拼命的；B. demanding费时费力的；苛刻的；C. disciplined训练有素的，遵守纪律的；D. defensive防御的，戒备的。与释义“拼命的；绝望的”匹配的单词是desperate。故选A项。 18. 请选出与释义“巨大的, 庞大的”匹配的单词。________ A. ambitious B. enormous C. countless D. constant 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. ambitious有雄心的; B. enormous巨大的; C. countless无数的; D. constant持续的。B项enormous“巨大的”符合题干释义。故选B项。 19. 请选出与释义“令人惊奇的， 异乎寻常的”匹配的单词。________ A. extreme B. effective C. extraordinary D. element 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。A. extreme极端的；B. effective有效的；C. extraordinary令人惊奇的， 异乎寻常的；D. element元素。“令人惊奇的， 异乎寻常的”为形容词extraordinary。故选C。 20. 请选出与释义“自制力；惩罚，触发”匹配的单词。________ A. dorm B. deadline C. dominate D. discipline 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。A. dorm宿舍； B. deadline截止日期； C. dominate支配； D. discipline自制力；惩罚，触发。“自制力；惩罚， 触发”可用discipline，可作名词，也可作动词。故选D。 二、完形填空。(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分。阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。) It was my first time skiing and I had been persuaded to come along with a group of friends. I was wondering whether I had made a ____21____ by joining them, because they all had at least some ____22____ of skiing in the past while I had never even had a single skiing lesson. We arrived at our destination in the afternoon and my lessons didn’t start until the following morning. There was no way I was going to stay behind and ____23____ everyone else go out to enjoy the skiing without me, so I grabbed my stuff and ____24____ out with them. Harriet, a member of our group, took pity on me and offered to pair up, giving me some ____25____ on how to get started. For all of about ten metres, I fell to the ground in shame. Again to my feet, again to the floor. And so the situation continued until finally, just once, I caught my ____26____ and I was away. I daren’t move anything for fear that my run would come to an untimely end. From a few feet behind, Harriet was shouting something encouraging, trying not to ski past me and ruin my moment of ____27____. I only covered a tiny distance, but it felt ____28____. With proper instructions, I improved quickly. Harriet was a really ____29____ teacher and I had a good experience. Winter is coming again. I can’t wait to head ____30____ to the ski resort. 21. A. mistake B. deal C. promise D. contribution 22. A. ambition B. assistance C. pressure D. experience 23. A. suggest B. watch C. help D. order 24. A. broke B. called C. went D. checked 25. A. tips B. reasons C. comments D. gifts 26. A. tear B. balance C. coat D. idea 27. A. accident B. creativity C. victory D. wildness 28. A. amazing B. boring C. disappointing D. relaxing 29. A. confident B. funny C. strange D. patient 30. A. bitterly B. curiously C. excitedly D. nervously 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者第一次滑雪的经历，在组员Harriet的指导下，得到了很好的体验，并在冬天到来时，迫不及待想去滑雪胜地。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在想我加入他们是不是犯了个错误，因为他们过去都至少有一些滑雪的经验，而我甚至从来没有上过一节滑雪课。A. mistake错误；B. deal交易；C. promise承诺；D. contribution贡献。根据后文“I had never even had a single skiing lesson”可知，作者因为没有上过滑雪课，开始怀疑自己加入他们是个错误。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在想我加入他们是不是犯了个错误，因为他们过去都至少有一些滑雪的经验，而我甚至从来没有上过一节滑雪课。A. ambition抱负；B. assistance帮助；C. pressure压力；D. experience经验。根据前后文“because they all had at least some…of skiing”指他们过去都至少有一些滑雪的经验，故选D。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不可能看着其他人出去滑雪而留下我自己，所以我拿了我的东西，和他们一起出去了。A. suggest建议；B. watch看；C. help帮助；D. order命令。根据后文“everyone else go out to enjoy the skiing without me”指作者看着其他人出去滑雪，而自己留下来，故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不可能看着其他人出去滑雪而留下我自己，所以我拿了我的东西，和他们一起出去了。A. broke打破；B. called打电话；C. went离开、去；D. checked检查。根据后文“out with them”可知作者拿了东西和他们一起出去了。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们组的一名成员哈丽特很照顾我，提出要和我结对，并给了我一些如何开始的建议。A. tips建议；B. reasons理由；C. comments评论；D. gifts礼物。根据后文“on how to get started”可知，哈丽特给了作者滑雪的建议。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就这样，这种情况一直持续到最后，只有一次，我恢复了平衡，滑出去了。A. tear泪水；B. balance平衡；C. coat外套；D. idea想法。根据上文“until finally, just once, I caught my”可知经过几次失败的尝试，作者有那么一次掌握了平衡，故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈丽特就在后面几英尺的地方喊着什么鼓励的话，试图不从我身边滑过，破坏我胜利的时刻。A. accident事故；B. creativity创造力；C. victory胜利；D. wildness野蛮。根据后文“I only covered a tiny distance(我只滑了一小段距离)”可知，作者取得了小小的胜利，故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只滑了一小段距离，但感觉很棒。A. amazing不可思议的、感觉极好的；B. boring无聊的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. relaxing令人放松的。根据上文“I only covered a tiny distance, but it felt”中but表示转折，可知虽然滑得不远，但作者仍然感觉很棒。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈丽特是一个很有耐心的老师，我有一个很好的经历。A. confident自信的；B. funny有趣的；C. strange奇怪的；D. patient耐心的。结合上文可知哈丽特耐心指导作者，是个有耐心的老师。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想去滑雪胜地。A. bitterly愤怒地；B. curiously好奇地；C. excitedly兴奋地；D. nervously紧张地。根据上文“I can’t wait to head”可知作者因为好的经历，喜欢上了滑雪，迫不及待地想去滑雪胜地。故选C。 三、语法填空。(共 10 小题, 每小题 1 分, 共 10 分。阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。) A 语法填空 Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist, ____31____ large sculptures are on display all over the world. One way for him to find inspiration is thinking about his children`s toys. These ____32____ (object) have given him ideas for his animal sculptures, such as the famous Rubber Duck. A more recent work of his is the huge Floating Fish, which ____33____ (set) among the beautiful landscape of Wuzhen West Scenic Zone. 【答案】31. whose 32. objects 33. is set##was set 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了荷兰艺术家Florentijn Hofman——他的创作灵感和风格。 【31题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：Florentijn Hofman是一位荷兰艺术家，他的大型雕塑在世界各地展出。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词a Dutch artist进行限定说明，关系词在从句中作定语，意义为“……的；其”，应该用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 【32题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：这些物品给了他创作动物雕塑的灵感，比如著名的“橡皮鸭”。根据空格前的these和空格后的助动词have可知，空格处应该用复数名词objects作主语。故填objects。 【33题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：他最近的一件作品是非常成功的“浮鱼”，它被设置在乌镇西风景区的美丽景观中。空格处是定语从句的谓语，which代指先行词the huge Floating Fish，与动词set之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；此处可以理解为描述客观情况，用一般现在时，也可以理解为描述过去发生的一个动作，用一般过去时，先行词是单数形式，所以be动词用is或was。故填is set/was set。 B 语法填空 At the age of ten, Liu Wei lost both his arms in an accident. Despite this, he wanted to live life to the full. He learned ____34____ (use) his feet for everyday activities. He also ____35____ (start) swimming and won two gold medals at the National Games for People with Disabilities. When he had to stop swimming due to health problems, he decided to learn how to play the piano ____36____ his toes. It was difficult, ____37____ he kept practicing until he had achieved his goal. In 2010, he won in Chinas Got Talent and became famous. 【答案】34. to use 35. started 36. with 37. but 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了刘伟在失去双臂后，凭借顽强的毅力学会用脚进行日常活动、游泳和弹钢琴，并最终在“中国达人秀”节目中中获胜的励志故事。 【34题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他学会了用脚来进行日常活动。learn to do sth.“学习做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填to use。 【35题详解】 考查时态。句意：他还开始游泳，并在全国残疾人运动会上赢得了两枚金牌。空处为句子的并列谓语。根据“won two gold medals at the National Games for People with Disabilities”可知，句子陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。故填started。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：当他因为健康问题不得不停止游泳时，他决定学习如何用脚趾弹钢琴。空处表示“用脚趾弹琴”，所以用介词with，表示“用”。故填with。 【37题详解】 考查连词。句意：这很困难，但他不断练习直到实现了他的目标。空处需要连词连接前后两个句子，前一句话说明挑战的艰巨性，后一句话强调了他的坚持和最终的成功，所以前后为转折关系，用转折连词but。故填but。 C 语法填空 In most countries, ____38____ (turn) 18 marks the start of adulthood. But what does reaching this milestone, the age of majority, really mean? Will you be ____39____ (complete) in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and ____40____ (excite) ways? What new responsibilities will it bring? Some young people have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a sense of social responsibilities than before. 【答案】38. turning 39. completely 40. exciting 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在大多数国家，18岁对一些年轻人来说意味着什么。 【38题详解】 考查动名词。句意：在大多数国家，18岁标志着成年的开始。该句缺少主语，此处应为动名词作主语。故填turning。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能以新颖而令人兴奋的方式表达自己吗？此处为副词completely作状语修饰空后的介词短语。故填completely。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能以新颖而令人兴奋的方式表达自己吗？由空后ways为名词可知，此处为形容词exciting“令人兴奋的”作定语修饰该名词，为-ing形式形容词，表示事物性质。故填exciting。 第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分) 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A The Public Transport Fares in New York On our website, you can find out how much it costs to ride the subway, bus, Long Island Rail Road, and Metro-North in the New York area. ★ Subways and buses ●Fare for most riders on subways and local, limited, and Select Bus Service buses:$2.85. ●Express buses cost $6.85. More information about subway and bus fares ●Riding the subway costs $2.85 for most riders. People with disabilities or who are 65 or older are qualified for a reduced fare. ●An unlimited ride MetroCard can save you money It gives you unlimited rides for a certain length of time. ●MetroCards cost $1. All cards except for the Single Ride card are refillable (可充值的). ●Up to three children under 44 inches tall ride for free when they are with a fare-paying adult. ●You pay the fare at turnstiles (旋转闸门) before you aboard the train. You don’t have to do anything afterwards. ★ Railroads: LIRR (Long Island Rail Road) and Metro-North ●Fares vary based on when and where you are travelling. ●Buying tickets on your phone is the most convenient option. More information about railroad fares ●Peak (高峰的) fares are charged during business rush hours on any weekday train scheduled to arrive in New York City terminals between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m. or depart New York City terminals between 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. On Metro-North trains, peak fares also apply to travel on any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Station between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m. ●Off-peak fares are charged at all other times on weekdays, all day on Saturday and Sunday, and on holidays. ●Use our trip planner to find fare information. Get schedules and directions and see whether a trip is during peak or off-peak hours. 41. How much might a subway trip cost a 68-year-old man with two children under 44 inches tall? A. $2.35. B. $2.85. C. $5.70. D. $6.85. 42. For what train trip are peak fares charged? A. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 10 pm. B. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 7 am. C. A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 9 pm. D. A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 8:30 am. 43. Why should people read the trip planner? A. To know special offers. B. To leave your advice. C. To check fare information. D. To book a train ticket. 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. C 【解析】 【导语】本文属于应用文。文章主要介绍了纽约地铁、公交车和铁路等公共交通乘坐费用情况，还涉及地铁及公交费减免情况和铁路交通高峰期的时间和车费。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据More information about subway and bus fares部分中“Riding the subway costs $2.85 for most riders. People with disabilities or who are 65 or older are qualified for a reduced fare.(对大多数乘客来说，乘坐地铁的费用是2.85美元。残疾人士或65岁以上的老年人可享受优惠票价)”和“Up to three children under 44 inches tall ride for free when they are with a fare-paying adult.(最多3名身高44英寸以下的儿童可以免费乘坐，只要他们有一个付费的成人陪伴)”可知一位68岁男子带着身高44英寸以下的孩子需要付的车费低于$2.85。故选A。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据More information about railroad fare部分中“On Metro-North trains, peak fares also apply to travel on any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Station between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m.(地铁北线列车的高峰票价也适用于工作日早上6点至9点之间从中央车站出发的任何列车)”可知，在上午七点离开Grand Central车站属于交通高峰期。故选B。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据本文最后一段“Use our trip planner to find fare information. Get schedules and directions and see whether a trip is during peak or off-peak hours.(使用我们的旅行计划来查找票价信息。了解行程和方向，看看旅行是在高峰时间还是非高峰时间)”可知，通过行程规划可以找到费用信息。故选C。 B When a Houston dad found out his eight-year-old son was being bullied he didn’t get mad at the classmate who teased him. Instead, he talked with the so-called bully and realized that the boy was struggling, too. Aubrey Fontenot’s son, Jordan, told him a boy named Tamarion was teasing him. Fontenot decided to sit down with his son and Tamarion to understand what was going on, and something unexpected happened. Tamarion told Fontenot he was being teased at school, too. “I asked, ‘By who? You are big. You are huge. Who is teasing you?’” the father said. “He said, ‘Just all the other kids, man. They are making fun of me.’” Fontenot learned that Tamarion was getting teased for his clothes and shoes — his clothes and shoes were old and dirty. Fontenot then spoke to the boy’s mother. “She kind of confirmed it,” Fontenot said. “And she said, ‘That’s the kind of situation.’” He felt sympathetic to the young boy and wanted to help. So he asked Tamarion’s mom if he could take her son to do some shopping. Fontenot posted videos of their trip to the mall on social media and they went viral. Tamarion eventually smiled, and then the two were laughing and singing together on their shopping trip. Just as if he were taking his own son to do some shopping, Fontenot got Tamarion new clothes and shoes, and shared words of wisdom with him. Then, the dad united the two boys. He said it was awkward at first — just a day earlier, they didn’t get along well at school. But the two classmates started playing sports games together and soon became friends. It was not just about the clothes and shoes. Tamarion gained a friend in Jordan, and a mentor in his dad. Fontenot said he was also bullied when he was a child, so he knew it was important to listen to Tamarion’s story. He chose kindness instead of anger and brought the two boys together. “I wouldn’t say that was the goal, but that was the reward,” Fontenot said. 44. What was Fontenot’s attitude toward his son’s being bullied? A. Amazed and embarrassed. B. Angry and impatient. C. Sad and discouraged. D. Calm and sensible. 45. What did Fontenot do to solve the problem of bullying? A. He turned to the school for help. B. He made the two boys united and join together. C. He asked Tamarion’s mother to settle the problem. D. He ordered his son never to play with Tamarion again. 46. What can we know from the text? A. Fontenot communicated with Tamarion’s mother to know about him. B. Jordan’s being bullied arose from his clothes and shoes. C. Jordan and Tamarion got along well in the beginning. D. Tamarion’s mother paid little attention to Tamarion. 【答案】44. D 45. B 46. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个发生在休斯顿的温馨故事。一位父亲发现他8岁的儿子在学校被欺负后，没有选择愤怒地对待那个欺负他儿子的孩子，而是选择了理解和沟通。通过与所谓的“欺负者”对话，他发现那个孩子也在经历困难。这位父亲通过同情和帮助，最终让两个原本不和的孩子成为了朋友。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When a Houston dad found out his eight-year-old son was being bullied, he didn’t get mad at the classmate who teased him. Instead, he talked with the so-called bully and realized that the boy was struggling, too.(当一位休斯顿的父亲发现他八岁的儿子被欺负时，他并没有对嘲笑他的同学生气。相反，他与所谓的欺负者交谈，意识到这个男孩也在挣扎)”可知，Fontenot在发现儿子被欺负后，没有生气，而是选择与欺负者交谈，了解到对方也在挣扎。这表明Fontenot的态度是冷静和理智的。故选D项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But the two classmates started playing sports games together and soon became friends.(但这两个同学开始一起做运动游戏，很快就成了朋友)”可知，Fontenot通过一系列的努力，最终让两个男孩团结起来，成为了朋友。故选B项。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Fontenot then spoke to the boy’s mother.(Fontenot 随后与男孩的母亲交谈)”和第四段“He felt sympathetic to the young boy and wanted to help.(他同情那个小男孩，想帮助他)”可知，Fontenot通过与Tamarion的母亲沟通，了解到Tamarion的情况，并产生了同情心，想要帮助他。这表明Fontenot是通过与Tamarion的母亲沟通来了解Tamarion的。故选A项。 C For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things. Stressing successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method — develop a hypothesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it — isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things. If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science? The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) of claims. It’s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults. A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science — the more people looking at a claim from different angles — is important. Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness. 47. How does the author think of the scientific method? A. Stable. B. Persuasive. C. Unreliable. D. Unrealistic. 48. What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Explained. B. Examined. C. Repeated. D. Released. 49. According to the passage, the author may agree that ______. A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claims B. settled science tends to be collectively overturned C. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny D. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science 50. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Put Your Faith in Science B. Defend the Truth in Science C. Apply Your Mind to Science D. Explore A Dynamic Way to Science 【答案】47. C 48. B 49. C 50. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了为什么科学值得我们信任。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。由第二段中的But what is typically thought to be the scientific method — develop a hypothesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it — isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things.可知，但是通常被认为是科学方法的方法——提出一个假设，然后设计一个实验来验证它——并不是科学家们真正在做的。科学是动态的：新方法被发明；旧的被遗弃；有时，科学家们会做很多不同的事情。由此可知，作者认为科学不是一成不变的，是新的方法不断发明，取代旧的方法。即科学方法不是固定的，不可信赖的，我们不能一成不变地依赖一种方法。故选C项。 【48题详解】 词义猜测题。由划线词所在句的前文A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively.可知，科学判断的一个关键方面是集体判断。由此推知，划线词所在句No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads.意为“只有经过几十个（如果不是几百个）负责人的审查，观点才会被接受。”由此可知，划线词意为“审查，仔细检查”。故选B项。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段中的A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads.(科学判断的一个关键方面是集体判断。只有经过几十个（如果不是几百个）负责人的审查，观点才会被接受)及This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim.(这就是为什么当一个科学家，即使是一个非常著名的科学家，不同意这种观点时，我们通常没有理由过分担心)可知，科学观点是经过多人审查的，而某一个人，即使是非常著名的科学家也不能在审查中起决定性作用。故选C项。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。由第一段For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things. (几十年来，一直存在着一场广泛的、有组织的运动，旨在引起人们对科学的不信任，其资助者是那些其利益和意识形态受到现代科学发现威胁的人。作为回应，科学家们倾向于强调科学的成功。毕竟，科学家在大多数事情上都是正确的)及最后一段中的Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.(面对新的证据，科学家的确会改变主意，但这是科学的强项，而不是弱点)可知，文章主要论述了我们为什么要相信科学。由此可知，A. Put Your Faith in Science(相信科学)适合做本文最佳标题。故选A项。 D The Human Spark “What is civilization?” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal BBC series on the subject. “I don’t know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I’m looking at it now. ”And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院). It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral’s collapsing steeple is in fact profoundly human – and in a particularly 21st-century way. It is not just the economy that is global today, it is culture too. People wander the world in search not just of jobs and security but also of beauty and history. Familiarity breeds affection. A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself. This visual age has endowed beauty with new power, and social media have turned great works of art into superstars. Only a few, though, have achieved this status. Just as there is only ever a handful of world-famous actors, so the pantheon of globally recognizable cultural symbols is tiny: the Mona Lisa, Michelangelo’s David, the Taj Mahal, the Great Pyramid – and Notre Dame. Disaster, too, is visual. In the 24 hours after the fire started, videos on social media of the burning cathedral were viewed nearly a quarter of a billion times. Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Nobody could look up into that vaulted ceiling without wondering at the genius of the thousands of anonymous craftsmen who, over a century and a half, realized a vision so grand in its structure and so delicate in its detail. Its survival through war and revolution connects the present to the past. The fire also binds people to each other. The outpouring of emotion it has brought forth is proof that we are all in it together. When nationalism is a rising threat, shared sadness makes borders suddenly irrelevant; a love of culture has the power to unite. When extremism divides Muslim from Christian and religious people from non-religious, those of all faiths and none are mourning together. And it will be rebuilt. The morning after the fire, the many Parisians who went to the cathedral to mourn its destruction found comfort instead. Although the spire is gone, the towers are still standing and it seems likely that the whole building can be revived. The effort to rebuild it, like the fire, will bring people together. Within 24 hours, €600m ($677m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. A high-resolution laser scan of the building, carried out recently, should help. It will never be the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor Hugo wrote in The Hunchback of Notre Dame, “Great edifices, like great mountains, are the work of centuries. Art is often transformed as it is being made...Time is the architect. The nation is the builder.” 51. According to the author, ______. A. we should not care more about a building than we do about people B. it’s understandable that the floods in Africa has attracted more attention C. it’s human for people to feel deeply sorry for the destruction of Notre Dame D. people are supposed to feel guilty if they are more concerned about buildings 52. In 21st century, what make great works of art even more popular? A. The beauty of art and value of culture B. People’s search for jobs and sense of security C. The expression of humanity and amazing craftsmanship D. The arrival of visual age and popularity of social media 53. The author believes that culture ______. A. is an expression of humanity at its collective best B. arouses emotions and reminds people what they are losing C. brings people together regardless of their nationality and religious belief D. threatens the outpouring of emotions and makes people’s sadness irrelevant 54. Which word can best describe the writer’s attitude towards the rebuilding of Notre Dame? A. Positive B. Negative C. Neutral D. Concerned 【答案】51. C 52. D 53. C 54. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。人类文明延续至今，已经有几千年的历史，正是有了这些伟大艺术的存在，人类才能超越个体的短暂，让精神长存。像巴黎圣母院这样的建筑不仅是法国人民的骄傲，也是全人类的瑰宝。火灾发生后，全世界的人们为巴黎圣母院哀悼，那种广泛深刻的悲痛正是人性深刻的体现。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral’s collapsing steeple is in fact profoundly human – and in a particularly 21st-century way.(相较于关心人，更关心一座建筑似乎显得不近人情。巴黎圣母院起火引发关注远远超过南部非洲洪水导致的1000多人死亡，这引发了人们可理解的负罪感。然而，看到大教堂尖塔倒塌时，人们普遍而强烈的悲痛，事实上是深刻的人性体现——而且是以一种特别21世纪的方式)”可知，作者认为看到大教堂尖塔倒塌时，人们普遍而强烈的悲痛，事实上是深刻的人性体现，所以人们对巴黎圣母院的破坏感到深深的遗憾是人之常情。故选C项。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“This visual age has endowed beauty with new power, and social media have turned great works of art into superstars.(这个视觉时代赋予了美新的力量，而社交媒体则将伟大的艺术作品变成了超级明星)”可知，视觉时代的到来和社交媒体的普及让伟大的艺术作品更受欢迎。故选D项。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The fire also binds people to each other. The outpouring of emotion it has brought forth is proof that we are all in it together. When nationalism is a rising threat, shared sadness makes borders suddenly irrelevant; a love of culture has the power to unite. When extremism divides Muslim from Christian and religious people from non-religious, those of all faiths and none are mourning together.(这场火灾也将人们彼此相连。它所激发的情感洪流证明了我们都在其中。当民族主义成为日益严重的威胁时，共同的悲伤使国界突然变得无关紧要；对文化的热爱具有团结的力量。当极端主义将穆斯林与基督徒、信教者与不信教者分隔开来时，所有信仰和无信仰的人们都在一起哀悼)”可知，作者认为，文化使人们不分国籍和宗教信仰走到一起。故选C项。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“And it will be rebuilt. The morning after the fire, the many Parisians who went to the cathedral to mourn its destruction found comfort instead. Although the spire is gone, the towers are still standing and it seems likely that the whole building can be revived. The effort to rebuild it, like the fire, will bring people together. Within 24 hours, €600m ($677m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. A high-resolution laser scan of the building, carried out recently, should help.(而且，它将被重建。火灾后的早晨，许多前往大教堂哀悼其毁灭的巴黎人反而找到了安慰。尽管尖塔已毁，但塔楼仍屹立不倒，整个建筑似乎都有可能恢复生机。重建的努力，就像火灾一样，将把人们团结在一起。在24小时内，企业和富人已经筹集了6亿欧元（6.77亿美元），并启动了一系列众筹活动。最近进行的一次高分辨率激光扫描应该会有所帮助)”可知，作者认为巴黎圣母院将被重建，所以对重建巴黎圣母院的态度是积极的。故选A项。 第二节:(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分) 根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。 Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique. It involves explaining what you're learning to others. By teaching what you’ve learned from memory, you engage in active recall. ____55____ It also ensures that you understand the topic, because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it. The technique consists of four repeatable steps. To begin, choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand. ___56___ The more interested you are, the faster you’ll grasp it. Moreover, a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged. ___57___ Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old. If you’d rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience. But it works much better if you use a real person. They’ll be able to let you know when something isn’t clear. While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding. ____58____ Review your notes, reread books, or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward. Now that you fully grasp the concept, test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person. This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit. The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown-ups to learn. ____59____ You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else. However, with great efforts in mastering this method, you’ll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before. A. It is mentally demanding. B. This helps the information stick in your mind better. C. Teach it to a five-year-old, who would give you direct feedback. D. Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning. E. Once you have chosen a topic, you can teach it to someone else. F. Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning. G. When this happens, refer back to the original material for the missing pieces. 【答案】55. B 56. D 57. E 58. G 59. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主理查德·费曼发明的被称为费曼技巧的一种聪明的学习方法。 【55题详解】 由上文“Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique. It involves explaining what you're learning to others. By teaching what you’ve learned from memory, you engage in active recall. (物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主理查德·费曼发明了一种聪明的学习方法，被称为费曼技巧。它包括向别人解释你正在学习的东西。通过教授你从记忆中学到的东西，你参与了主动回忆。)”可知，本空要说跟“这种学习方法的好处”有关的话题，故B选项“This helps the information stick in your mind better. (这有助于信息更好地留在你的脑海中。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 【56题详解】 由下文“The more interested you are, the faster you’ll grasp it. Moreover, a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged. (你越感兴趣，就能越快地掌握它。此外，一个个人感兴趣的话题会让你保持动力和投入。)”可知，本空要说跟“感兴趣和学习的关系”有关的话题，故D选项“Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning. (你对它的好奇心将决定你的学习进度。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。 【57题详解】 由下文“Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old. If you’d rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience. But it works much better if you use a real person. They’ll be able to let you know when something isn’t clear. (写笔记，用五岁小孩能理解的方式解释。如果你不想真的教别人，你可以把它交给一个想象中的听众。但如果你用真人的话效果会更好。如果有什么不清楚的地方，他们会让你知道。)”可知，本空要说跟“写笔记”有关的话题，故E选项“Once you have chosen a topic, you can teach it to someone else. (一旦你选择了一个主题，你就可以把它教给其他人。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。 【58题详解】 由上文“While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding. (在教学过程中，你可能会发现自己理解上的差距。)”可知，本空要说跟“出现这种情况的解决办法”有关的话题，由后文“Review your notes, reread books, or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward. (回顾你的笔记，重新阅读书籍，或者寻求外部帮助，以确保你在继续之前对上下文有一个完整的理解。)”可知，出现这种情况的解决办法是回顾笔记，故G选项“When this happens, refer back to the original material for the missing pieces. (当这种情况发生时，请回到原始材料中查找缺失的部分。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。 【59题详解】 由下文“You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else. (你需要积极地思考问题，而不是被动地阅读或听别人说话。)”可知，积极地思考问题对精神要求很高，故A选项“It is mentally demanding. (这对精神要求很高。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。 第三部分:书面表达(共两节,32分) 第一节(共4小题;第60-61题每小题2分,第62题3分,第63题5分,共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Smartphones have become a big part of people’s lives. When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”. Thankfully, I rode through the withdrawal of my smartphone and it was short-lived. When I got my first smartphone over a decade ago I loved it. It gave me instant access to my music, a world of information and thousands of photos and videos. But over time, I became increasingly ambivalent about its role in my life. I would repeatedly refresh my email, shop online for stuff I didn’t need and constantly scroll through the latest news. I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!” I decided to try. Instead of going cold turkey — no cellphone at all — I bought a flip phone. With no touch screen, texting is time-consuming. Once, while trying to catch up on texts with a friend, I finally got frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spoken to her since her big move. It made a difference to hear both the excitement in her voice as she described seeing the northern lights and her sadness in being away from a sick parent. Nowadays, people may prefer text-based communication over using the phone because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person. Wuyou Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nomophobia as a reliance that’s been placed upon us. “Whenever something is designed to make a choice easier, it’s called a behavioural nudge,” he explains, adding that the more central to our lives the smartphone’s functions are, the more prisoned we become. Ultimately, though, that sense of dependence is false. As I’ve found, you can do all the things you need to do in other ways. It’s not always convenient, but I know I’m much calmer on a regular basis without my smartphone. 60. What does “nomophobia” refer to? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 61. Why did the author decide to give up her smartphone? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 62. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 63. Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, what can you do to avoid “nomophobia”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】60. It refers to a feeling of anxiety or panic that we have when we temporarily can’t find our smartphones. 61. Because she felt trapped by her smartphone and her son asked her to give it up. 62. ▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. According to the author, we will find ourselves more bonded to the friend when talking with him/her on the phone. 63. To avoid nomophobia, one can consider taking regular breaks from technology and engaging in offline activities. Besides, you can turn off your phone or leave it at home when you don’t need it, and focusing on the people and things around you. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章说明了什么是“无手机恐惧症”以及作者因为感觉被智能手机困住，而听从儿子的建议，戒掉了手机的经历。 【60题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”.(当我们暂时找不到它们时，就会产生焦虑或恐慌的感觉。一些心理学家称之为“无手机恐惧症”)”可知，“无手机恐惧症”指的是我们暂时找不到智能手机时产生的焦虑或恐慌感。故答案为It refers to a feeling of anxiety or panic that we have when we temporarily can’t find our smartphones. 【61题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. (我经常向我的丈夫和我七岁的儿子路易斯抱怨，我觉得自己被它困住了。)”和第三段“Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!”(然后，去年夏天的一天，当我和路易斯一起玩的时候，我又一次被叮叮当当的声音分散了注意力。他终于提醒了我我的抱怨，但他用恳求的语气说：“妈妈，快放弃吧!”)”可知，作者决定放弃她的智能手机是因为她觉得自己被智能手机困住了，儿子让她放弃。故答案为Because she felt trapped by her smartphone and her son asked her to give it up. 【62题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person.(但是，正如我所学到的，当我们被迫通过声音与声音进行交流时，我们会发现自己与那个人的联系更加紧密)”可知，错误的部分是“we will find it awkward”，根据作者的说法，当我们和朋友打电话时，我们会发现自己和他/她更亲近。故答案为▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. According to the author, we will find ourselves more bonded to the friend when talking with him/her on the phone. 【63题详解】 考查开放答题。根据“除了文中提到的方法，你能做些什么来避免‘无手机恐惧症’？”可知，为了避免“无手机恐惧症”，人们可以考虑定期远离科技产品，参加线下活动。此外，当你不需要手机的时候，你可以关掉手机或把它放在家里，把注意力集中在你周围的人和事上。故答案为To avoid nomophobia, one can consider taking regular breaks from technology and engaging in offline activities. Besides, you can turn off your phone or leave it at home when you don’t need it, and focusing on the people and things around you. 第二节(20分) 64. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你校将组织参观庆祝中华人民共和国成立75周年成就展， 你班的交换生Jim对此兴趣浓厚，请你写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括： 1. 活动目的及时间安排等； 2. 活动内容； 3. 询问对方的意向。 参考词汇： 中华人民共和国成立75周年：75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China 成就展： exhibition of achievements 注意：1 词数100字左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, How’s everything going? In order to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, our school will organize a trip to the exhibition of achievements in China. Knowing that you are interested in it, I m writing to invite you to join us. The activity will be held in National Museum/Capital Museum at 9am this Sunday. First, we`ll see exhibitions about China’s economic growth and technological advancements, which are the highlights in the past few decades. Then, we will appreciate the wonderful works of art that will vividly show glorious history and achievements of our country. Would you like to come? If you do, please give me your passport number, we`ll help you to make a reservation. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你校将组织参观庆祝中华人民共和国成立 75 周年成就展，要求考生邀请交换生Jim参加。 【详解】1.词汇积累 活动：activity→event 欣赏：appreciate→admire 展示：show→display 帮助某人：help sb.→give sb. a hand 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In order to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, our school will organize a trip to the exhibition of achievements in China. 拓展句：Our school will organize a trip to the exhibition of achievements in China so that we can celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First, we`ll see exhibitions about China’s economic growth and technological advancements, which are the highlights in the past few decades.（运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Then, we will appreciate the wonderful works of art that will vividly show glorious history and achievements of our country.（运用了that引导限定性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$