第01讲 名词&冠词（讲义）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（山东专用）

第01讲 名词&冠词 目录 名词 2 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 4 考点突破·考法探究 5 考点一 名词的分类 5 考点二 名词的数 6 考点三 名词的格 7 考点四 名词的主谓一致 9 考点五 名词构词法 9 考点六 名词的句法功能 11 考点七 易混易错点辨析 11 分层训练·巩固提升 17 基础巩固 17 能力提升 21 冠词 22 考情透视·目标导航 22 知识导图·思维引航 23 考点突破·考法探究 23 考点一 冠词的分类 23 考点二 不定冠词a / an的用法 24 考点三 定冠词the的用法 25 考点四 零冠词 27 分层训练·巩固提升 27 基础巩固 27 能力提升 32 名词 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 ‌可数名词及其单、复数 能够识别并正确使用可数名词的单数和复数形式，能够在不同的语境中正确使用这些名词 （日照：3年22考；滨州：3年10考；济宁、菏泽：3年13考） 名词的考点常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空的形式进行考查，考查的命题点有：名词的词义辨析、名词和其他词性之间的转换、名词的单复数、名词所有格等。 不可数名词‌ 了解不可数名词的概念，能够在语境中正确使用这些名词‌ · 专有名词 正确使用人名、地名等专有名词 · 名词所有格 了解并正确使用名词的所有格形式，表达所属关系‌ · 考点一 名词的分类 英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1.专有名词指特定的或独一无二的人或物（人名、地名、节日、星期、月份、国家名、景观名）。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。 如：Beijing, Tom, English,the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 人名：Tom，Peter，Mr Yang 地名：Europe，New York，People’s Square 节日、月份、星期：Christmas，February，Saturday 注意：有些单词字母的大小写不同，词义也不一样。如： Rose罗斯（姓名）——rose玫瑰花 China中国——china陶瓷或中国（不特指） 2.普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 如：pupil, family, man, foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如：box, child, orange；a dog,two dogs,100 dogs 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information . 用量词来计数不可数名词： A glass of water 区分单词可数不可数 可数名词：像表示人或事物的名词和集体名词等。 不可数名词：物质名词或抽象名词。（液体，空气，粉末状） 常见的不可数名词：bread,rice,milk,water,air,advice,homework,money等。 考点二 名词的数 一．英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1.名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下： ①在单数名词词尾加s。 如：map→maps, boy→boys, horse→horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es. 如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches. 字母o结尾，在后面加s (元音字母a,e,i,o,u) （1）词末为两个元音字母的词 如：zoos，bamboos，coos，radios，studios（艺术家的工作室）。 （2）某些外来词和缩写，加 s．如 photos，solos，pianos，kilos（千克），tobaccos。 ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。 ——boys 如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties. activity→activities ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。 如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives. 2.不规则变化： 男人女人a变e， man→men,woman→women 鹅足牙oo变ee， goose→geese,foot→feet,tooth→teeth 老鼠虱子也好记，ous变ic， mouse→mice louse→lice 孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。 child→children,fish→fish,deer→deer,sheep→sheep 以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数，前后两个名词都变复数，如：manservant→menservants, woman student→women students. 二．不可数名词一般没有复数形式(用is),说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词，不用不定关系a/an修饰。 如：The food is very fresh.　食品很新鲜。 如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk. 常见的不可数名词 water水，milk 牛奶；juice 果汁；powder粉，rice米饭，salt 盐，food食物，fruit水果，chocolate 巧克力，fish鱼肉，meat 肉，bread面包，paper 纸，exercise 锻炼，information 信息，news 新闻，homework 作业，hair 头发，population人口，money 钱，advice 建议 考点三 名词的格 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下： (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)，men's room （男厕所）。 (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’ Day(教师节) (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如： today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口). (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如： a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿). Jack’s picture= a picture of jack ① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所) ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) ③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格, 如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友) 名词的数和格 单句填空 1.（2024·山东青岛·一模）I can find out many (different) between the two pictures, but my brother says they are quite similar. 【答案】differences 【详解】句意：我能发现这两幅画有许多不同之处，但我哥哥说它们很相似。many修饰可数名词复数，differences符合题意。故填differences。 2.（2024·山东青岛·一模）—Miss Wang, happy (teacher) Day. —Thank you, Tom. 【答案】Teachers’ 【详解】句意：——王老师，教师节快乐！——谢谢你，Tom。Teachers’ Day“教师节”，专有名词。故填Teachers’。 3.（2024·山东青岛·一模）When we were young, our parents often told us not to believe the (stranger) words. It’s a simple way to protect ourselves. 【答案】strangers’ 【详解】句意：在我们小的时候，我们的父母经常告诉我们不要相信陌生人的话。这是一种保护我们自己的简单方法。修饰名词“words”应用所有格形式，stranger“陌生人”，名词，此处应用复数strangers泛指一类人，所有格形式为strangers’。故填strangers’。 4.(2023日照)Our city received a lot of v　　　　 during May Day holiday.  答案　visitors　考查名词的数。结合首字母,由during May Day holiday可知,这里指大量的游客。visitor游客。再由a lot of可知,应用复数形式。故填visitors。 5.(2023烟台)“The historical relics(遗迹) in China's ancient 　　　　(city) have made me want to learn more about the country's past,” Mohammed said.  答案　cities　考查名词的数。由historical relics并结合常识可知,中国的古城不止一个,应用city的复数形式。故填cities。 6.(2023日照)After seven 　　　　(month) of full backpacking in Africa from Cape Town to Cairo, I realized having a student-like mind helped me learn a lot.  答案　months　考查名词的数。month是可数名词,由空前的seven可知,此处应用复数形式。故填months。 7.(2023枣庄)Why? Because there were a lot of people in many 　　　　(place)of interest in China.  答案　places　考查名词的数。many修饰可数名词复数形式,故填places。 8.(2022临沂)My 　　　　 garden is very nice. (grandmother)  答案　grandmother's　考查名词所有格。由句意和所给词可知,此处表示“我奶奶的花园”,故填所有格grandmother's。 9.(2022潍坊)The 　　　　(name) in red ink are people who live in London.  答案　names　考查名词的数。本句谓语动词为are,说明主语为复数,故填names。 10.(2021临沂)In 1920, the 　　　 first three-color traffic light was put to use.(world)  答案　world's　考查名词所有格。根据句子内容可知,此处表示世界上的第一个红绿灯,故填所有格world's。 11.(2022日照)My friend gave me some a　　　　 on how to keep a pet.  答案　advice　考查名词。此处表示朋友给了我一些关于如何饲养宠物的建议。根据首字母提示可知,此处填advice。advice为不可数名词。 考点四 名词的主谓一致 （1）主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式： 如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明) The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷) （2）glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如： The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买) （3）a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如： A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句) （4）there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定（就近原则）。 如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子) There + be (表示有，某地有某物，一种空间关系) There is a table and four chairs in the room. 就近原则 have(表示有，拥有，一种所属关系) I have a table and four chairs in the room. There have 错误的 考点五 名词构词法 名词(构成名词的后缀) 后缀 示例 ­ence某些动词或形容词后面加后缀-ence 构成相应的抽象名词 exist—existence存在; enter(进入)-entrance(入口处) ­ance；-ence,-ancy,-ency某些动词或形容词后面加后缀-ance 构成相应的抽象名词,表示性质或状态 accept—acceptance接受;exist-existence存在；tend-tendency趋势 important(重要的)-importance(重要性) ­tion表示行为的过程或状态 produce—production生产; attract-attraction吸引力 ­sion表示行为的过程 express—expression表达 ­ment;表示行为结果或具体工具 develop—development发展;equip(装备)-equipment(装备，设备) ­ness; 形容词后加后缀-ness blind—blindness失明; cold—coldness(寒冷) ­age;表示状态、总称或场所，物品；费用 marry—marriage婚姻；villa别墅--village村庄； post--postage邮费；short-shortage短缺 ­th；表示状态、性质或动作 warm—warmth温暖；long-length长度；grow-growth生长 ­ure 表示状态、情况或行为的结果 please—pleasure快乐；depart—departure离开； expose-exposure暴露；press-pressure压力 ­dom表示总称、集体、身份、状态 wise—wisdom智慧；bore使厌烦--boredom厌烦 y,-ty,-ity某些形容词后面加-y-ty,-ity 等表示性质状态的后缀，构成抽象名词 difficult(困难的)-difficulty(困难) electric(电的)-electricity(电) -al表示行为、过程或状态 approve-approval赞成;survive-survival存活 -ship表示状态或地位 member-membership会员资格 -er,-or,-ant表示.....的人或物 employ-employ雇主；laugh-laughter笑声；assist-assistant助手 -ist表示......专家，从事......的人 science-scientist科学家；special-specialist专家 -cy表示状态或性质 accurate-accuracy准确性；fluent-fluency流利； 名词构词法 单句填空 1.(2023枣庄)If you stayed at home, I think you made a good 　　　　(choose).  答案　choice　考查名词构词法。根据不定冠词a可知空处填名词单数形式。固定搭配make a choice意为“做出选择”。故填choice。 2.(2022潍坊)Breckinridge refused to tell us the 　　　　(true).  答案　truth　考查名词构词法。根据句意和设空处前的定冠词the可知,设空处应用名词。固定搭配tell the truth意为“说实话”。故填truth。 3.(2022烟台)Although he majored in chemistry, Huang opened a cube store in Changsha after his 　　　　(graduate).  答案　graduation　考查名词构词法。根据设空处前的形容词性物主代词his可知,设空处应该用名词,故填graduation。 4.(2021烟台改编)We are feeling very sad to lose the great 　　 　(science), Yuan Longping.  答案　scientist　考查名词构词法。根据设空处后的Yuan Longping可知,此处表示人,科学家为scientist,根据语境可知用单数形式。故填scientist。 考点六 名词的句法功能 序号 功能 例句 1 作主语 Newspapers are useful. 报纸有用。 2 作宾语 Have you received my letter? 你收到我的信了吗？（作动词的宾语） The books are on the desk. 书在桌子上。（作介词的宾语） 3 作表语 Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 4 作补足语 We made him manager of the company. 我们选他当公司的经理。 This kind of flower is called carnation. 这种花叫康乃馨。（作主语） 5 作同位语 You students go first. 你们学生先走。 6 作状语 We’ll meet next Sunday. 我们下周日见。 7 作定语 I am an English teacher. 我是一位英语老师。 考点七 易混易错点辨析 易混一：sound，voice，noise sound “声音”，指耳朵能听到的各种声音。e.g. I heard the sound of the bell. voice “嗓音”，指人的说话声。e.g. She has a beautiful voice. noise “噪音”，即心理感受不好的声音。词组：make a noise/make much noise等。 易混二：job，work job “工作”，指长期的职业，可数。 work “工作”，可以作名词或动词。作名词表示“工作”时指一般的事，不可数；作名词表示“作品”时可数。 易混三：a number of，the number of a number of表示“大量的；许多”，谓语动词用复数。 如：A number of people are playing chess. the number of表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。 如：The number of people in the room is 50. 易混四：idea，advice，suggestion idea表示“主意”，可数。 如：a good idea 一个好主意 advice表示“建议；忠告”，不可数。 如：a piece of advice suggestion意同advice，可数。 易混五：news，information，message，instruction news表示“新闻；消息”，不可数。如：two pieces of news information表示“信息”，不可数。如：some information about the Great Wall message表示“便条；口信；短信”，可数。 常用词组：leave a message(留便条); take a message to...(捎口信给……) instruction表示“说明；须知；指令”，可数。 如：some instructions about how and when to take this medicine 易混六：house，family，home house表示“住宅”，指的是具体的房子或建筑物。 family表示“家；家庭”，强调家庭成员。 home意为“家”，带有眷恋等感情色彩，具有抽象意义。 易混七：problem，question problem表示出现的、提出的、需要解决的问题。 question表示问、答的问题。 易混八：floor，ground floor表示室内，车内等的地板。 ground表示室外的地面。 易混九：road，way，street road表示“公路，马路”，较具体; 常用短语：on the road(在路上)，across the road(过马路)等。 way表示“路线，方法，方面”，较抽象， 常用短语：in this way(用这种方式)， in a way/in some ways(在某些方面)， on the/one's way to(在去某地的路上)， in the/one's way(挡道，阻碍)， the way to(到某地的路)。 street意为“街” 常用短语：in/on the street(在街上)，across the street(过街)等。 易混十：reason，cause，excuse reason表示“原因，理由”，常与for连用。 cause表示“起因，导致……的原因”，常与of连用。 excuse表示“借口”，指不存在的理由。 易混十一：population，people，person population表示“人口”，不指具体的人，常用large，big，small 修饰。提问时用“What”。 people表示“人”，一定是复数。提问时用“How many”。 person表示“人”，可以是单数也可以是复数。 名词词义辨析 一.单项选择 1．（2024·山东菏泽·三模）—Have you learned the Chinese poem “When will the moon be clear and bright? With a cup of wine in my hand, I ask the blue sky.”? —Yes. Su Shi wrote the poem for ________. A.the Mid-Autumn Festival B．the Spring Festival C．the Lantern Festival 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你学过中国诗歌“明月几时有，把酒问青天吗”？——是的，苏轼为中秋节写了这首诗。 考查专有名词。the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节；the Spring Festival春节；the Lantern Festival元宵节。根据诗句“When will the moon be clear and bright?”可知，这首诗是有关月亮的，可以推测是中秋节。故选A。 2．（2024·山东菏泽·二模）You can see the ________ on our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years. A．pride B．proud C．press 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我们谈论过去70年的伟大成就时，你可以看到我们脸上的骄傲。 考查名词辨析以及名词的用法。pride骄傲，名词；proud骄傲的，形容词；press挤压，名词。根据“on our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.”可知谈到伟大成就时，可以看到我们脸上的骄傲，the后加名词。故选A。 3.(2023滨州)—What's your secret of writing so well? —I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong 　　　 on me as a child.  A.difference　　　　 B.attention C.situation　　　　 D.influence 答案　D　根据“I read a lot”可知,多阅读是写作好的秘诀,推断鲁迅的作品对他有很大的影响。influence意为“影响”,故选D。 4.(2022东营)The nap during the lunch break helps us have more 　　　 in the afternoon.  A.luck　　　　 B.wealth C.energy　　　　 D.courage 答案　C　根据The nap during the lunch break可知是午休期间的小睡,生活常识告诉我们,午间小睡是为了下午有更多的精力,故选C。 5.(2022菏泽)—Hi, Zhang Jie. Long time no see. —Hi, Wang Lei. I was on 　　　 in the countryside and helped Grandpa on the farm.  A.time　　　　　 B.vacation　　　　　 C.business 答案　B　on time准时;on vacation度假;on business出差。从in the countryside和on the farm可知,此处表示“在乡村度假并在农场帮爷爷干活”,故选B。 6.(2020滨州)—Mum, must I be a teacher like you when I grow up? —No, you needn't. You can make your own 　　　.  A.difference　　　　 B.discussion C.discovery　　　　 D.decision 答案　D　difference不同;discussion讨论;discovery发现;decision决定。长大以后做什么是一个决定,故选D。 二.单句填空 1．（2024·山东济宁·三模）The 2024 UEFA European Championship will be held in (德国). 【答案】Germany 【详解】句意：2024年欧洲足球锦标赛将在德国举行。Germany“德国”，专有名词。故填Germany。 2．（2024·山东济宁·三模）Have you ever heard of the saying “ (沉默) is gold”? 【答案】Silence 【详解】句意：你曾经听说过名言“沉默是金吗”？分析句子结构可知空格处作主语，故填名词形式，silence“沉默”，首字母大写。故填Silence。 3．（2024·山东济宁·三模）My pen pal developed an (兴趣) in Beijing Opera. 【答案】interest 【详解】句意：我的笔友对京剧产生了兴趣。空格处应填名词作宾语，结合汉语提示可知，此处应用interest表示“兴趣”，developed an interest in“对……产生兴趣”，为固定用法。故填interest。 4．（2024·山东日照·三模）In the Chinese c , the Spring Equinox (春分) is always in the second month. 【答案】(c)alendar 【详解】句意：在中国历法中，春分总是在第二个月。根据“In the Chinese c..., the Spring Equinox (春分) is always in the second month.”可知，这是中国历法，calendar“历法”符合语境，故填(c)alendar。 5．（2024·山东泰安·二模）I don’t have enough money, so I have to make a c between the two books. 【答案】(c)hoice 【详解】句意：我没有足够的钱，所以我不得不在这两本书中做出选择。根据“I don’t have enough money, so I have to make a c...between the two books.”可知，钱不够，需要在两本书中做出选择。不定冠词a后跟名词单数choice“选择”。故填(c)hoice。 6．（2024·山东济宁·二模）Hurry up! Some (西红柿) are on sale in the supermarket. 【答案】tomatoes 【详解】句意：快一点！一些西红柿在超市出售。西红柿：tomatoe，由“are”可知，此处表示复数，因此用名词复数“tomatoes”作主语。故填tomatoes。 7．（2024·山东济宁·三模）Don’t be afraid of making (错误), because they are chances for learning and growth. 【答案】mistakes 【详解】句意：不要害怕犯错误，因为它们是学习和成长的机会。“错误”mistake，可数名词，本题考查make mistakes “犯错误”。故填mistakes。 8．（2024·山东济宁·三模）As we all know, S is the last day of a week. 【答案】(S)aturday 【详解】句意：众所周知，星期六是一周中的最后一天。根据“As we all know...is the last day of a week.”可知，周六是一周中的最后一天，Saturday“星期六”，符合题意。故填(S)aturday。 9．（2024·山东日照·三模）In Harbin, people’s act of k makes me feel warm even in the place far from home. 【答案】(k)indness 【详解】句意：在哈尔滨，即使在远离家乡的地方，人们的善举也让我感到温暖。根据“people’s act of k... makes me feel warm”可知，是指人们的善举让我感到温暖，kindness“善意”符合语境，不可数名词，故填(k)indness。 10．（2024·山东日照·三模）After having several hot d , we finally reached an agreement. 【答案】(d)iscussions 【详解】句意：经过几轮激烈的讨论，我们最终达成了协议。根据“we finally reached an agreement”并结合首字母提示可知此处应用名词“discussion”，前有“several”修饰，因此名词需用复数形式“discussions”。故填(d)iscussions。 11．（2024·山东日照·二模）Shenzhou-18 was sent into space in April. It is the (骄傲) of all Chinese. 【答案】pride 【详解】句意：神舟18号于今年4月发射升空。这是所有中国人的骄傲。骄傲：pride，名词作表语。故填pride。 12．（2024·山东日照·二模）Suzhou is very fantastic with different kinds of ancient (桥). 【答案】bridges 【详解】句意：苏州非常迷人，有各种各样的古桥。桥：bridge，由“different”可知，此处表示复数意义，因此用可数名词复数形式bridges。故填bridges。 13．（2024·山东日照·二模）We should pay a while crossing the road. 【答案】(a)ttention 【详解】句意：过马路时我们应该注意。根据首字母提示以及“We should pay…while crossing the road.”可知，此处指的是“过马路时应该注意”，attention意为“注意力”，名词作宾语。故填(a)ttention。 14．（2024·山东日照·二模）A terrible (地震) happened in Taiwan Province on April 3, 2024. 【答案】earthquake 【详解】句意：2024年4月3日，台湾省发生了一场可怕的地震。根据“A terrible…”可知，此处应用名词单数形式作主语，earthquake“地震”，名词。故填earthquake。 15．（2024·山东日照·三模）Our city received a lot of t during May Day holiday. 【答案】(t)ravelers/(t)ourists 【详解】句意：五一假期，我们城市接待了很多游客。根据“during May Day holiday.”可知五一有很多游客，a lot of后加名词复数travelers/tourists“游客”。故填(t)ravelers/(t)ourists。 16．（2024·山东泰安·二模）We’ve experienced lots of difficulties and had many sweet (回忆) during the past four years. 【答案】memories 【详解】句意：在过去的四年里，我们经历了很多困难，也有很多美好的回忆。many后加可数名词复数memories“回忆”。故填memories。 17．（2024·山东日照·三模）T is the fifth day of a week. 【答案】(T)hursday 【详解】句意：周四是一周中的第五天。根据“is the fifth day of a week”可知周四是一周的第四天，Thursday“周四”。故填(T)hursday。 18．（2024·山东日照·三模）My friend gave me some s on how to keep healthy. 【答案】(s)uggestions 【详解】句意：我的朋友就如何保持健康给了我一些建议。 根据“gave me some … on how to keep healthy”及首字母可知，就如何保持健康给了一些建议，suggestion“建议”，some后加可数名词复数，故填(s)uggestions。 19．（2024·山东泰安·二模）—Look! That boy is shouting for help in the river. —Oh, he must be in (危险) now! Li Yong and I will go to save him. Wang Lin, go to the shop over there and ask those adults for help. 【答案】danger 【详解】句意：——看！那个男孩在河里大声呼救。——哎呀，他现在一定很危险！李勇和我去救他。王林，你去那边的商店找那些大人帮忙。空格位于介词in后，应用名词形式，“危险”的名词是danger，be in danger为固定搭配，意为“处于危险中”。故填danger。 20．（2024·山东泰安·二模）From the football game yesterday, I did deeply feel the i of team work. 【答案】(i)mportance 【详解】句意：从昨天的足球比赛中，我深刻体会到了团队合作的重要性。根据“the i...of team work”可知，应表达团队合作的重要性，the importance of“……的重要性”。故填(i)mportance。 21.(2023日照)My family went to a 　　　　(音乐会) and had a good time.  答案　concert　短语go to a concert意为“去听音乐会”,故填concert。 22.(2023济宁)Let's protect the animals in great 　　　　(危险).  答案　danger　固定搭配in great danger意为“处于极大的危险中”,故填danger。 23.(2023济宁)Printing is a great 　　　　(发明) of ancient China.  答案　invention　形容词great修饰名词,冠词a说明应用名词单数,结合汉语提示可知应填invention。 24.(2023泰安)The lovely rabbits on these 　　　　(邮票) remind me of my sweet childhood.  答案　stamps　邮票stamp。stamp是可数名词,由空前的these可知要用复数形式。故填stamps。 25.(2023日照)Kate's room is in good o　　　　, and everything is in its proper place.  答案　order　由“everything is in its proper place”可知,凯特的房间很整齐;固定短语in good order意为“整齐”。故填order。 26.(2023济宁)—What's the m　　　, Nancy?  —I have a headache. 答案　matter　根据回答“I have a headache.(我头疼。)”可知问的是“你怎么了”,询问身体状况用“What's the matter?”。故填matter。 基础巩固 一.单项选择 1.(2023东营一模)—China's high-speed railway 　　　 is leading the world.   —That's right. It is moving further into the world. A.technology　　　　 B.environment C.population　　　　 D.information 答案　A　考查名词词义辨析。China's high-speed railway指的是中国高铁,根据后面is leading the world(正在引领世界)可知,说的是中国的高铁技术处于世界领先地位。故选A。 2.(2023菏泽二模)Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot(吉祥物) of Beijing Olympic Winter Games, has two red hearts on its palms(手掌), showing 　　　 and love.   A.shyness　　 B.kindness　　 C.happiness 答案　B　考查名词词义辨析。根据前面提到的two red hearts和后面提到的love并结合常识可知,这两颗红心应该表达善意和爱。故选B。 3.(2023青岛一模)According to our national 　　　, 88.9% of young people often use the Internet to study.  A.degree　　　　 B.survey　　　　 C.law　　　　 D.manner 答案　B　考查名词词义辨析。后文中的88.9%这一数据应该是通过调查得出的,所以此处应该表达“根据我们的全国调查”,故选B。 4.(2023青岛一模)—What do you think of your life in Qingdao? —Pretty good. All of us have a 　　　 of happiness now.  A.feeling　　　　 B.tradition　　　　 C.choice　　　　 D.purpose 答案　A　考查名词词义辨析。根据空后的happiness可知此处表示一种感觉,故选A。 5.(2023滨州一模)Miss Li has lots of teaching 　　　. She has her own ways to make classes lively and interesting.  A.exercise　　　　 B.excitement C.experience　　　　 D.environment 答案　C　考查名词词义辨析。根据后一句可知她能使课堂生动有趣,说明她有丰富的教学经验。故选C。 6.(2023青岛二模)The girls show interest in 　　　. Some like painting and others like dancing.  A.art　　　　 B.sports　　　　 C.fashion　　　　 D.movies 答案　A　考查名词词义辨析。第二句说一些女孩喜欢画画,其他的喜欢跳舞。绘画和舞蹈都是艺术形式,由此可知她们对艺术感兴趣。故选A。 7.(2023江西)—Kevin, could you pass me some 　　　? It's so hot today. I'm really thirsty.  —OK. Here you are. A.rice　　　　 B.bread　　　　 C.water　　　　 D.chicken 答案　C　考查名词词义辨析。rice米饭;bread面包;water水;chicken鸡肉。由“I'm really thirsty.”可知,此处指给“我”递一些水。故选C。 8.(2023天津)People all over the world love pandas, and the panda has become a 　　　 of China.  A.festival　　　　 B.poem　　　　 C.guest　　　　 D.symbol 答案　D　考查名词词义辨析。festival节日;poem诗歌;guest客人;symbol象征,符号。这里表示“熊猫已经成为中国的一个象征”。故选D。 9.(2023湖北武汉)—Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team. —His height gives him a big　　　.  A.situation　　　　 B.challenge C.achievement　　　　D.advantage 答案　D　考查名词词义辨析。根据语境可知,Peter被选入了学校排球队是因为他的身高给了他很大优势。advantage意为“优势”。故选D。 10.(2022青岛一模)The film The Battle at Lake Changjin has offered a 　　　 for the young people of China to remember history and heroes.  A.survey　　　　 B.project C.chance　　　　 D.purpose 答案　C　考查名词词义辨析。此处指电影《长津湖》给中国的年轻人提供了记住历史和英雄的机会。chance机会,故选C。 12.(2022菏泽二模)—Oh! What's the matter with you, Mark? —I have run out of my 　　　. I'm really tired and need a good rest.  A.money　　　　 B.breath　　　　　　　 C.energy 答案　C　考查名词词义辨析。根据最后一句“I'm really tired and need a good rest.”可知,此处表示耗尽了精力,故选C。 二.单句填空 1．（2024·山东泰安·二模）My mother has a poor s of direction, so she always gets lost. 【答案】(s)ense 【详解】句意：我的妈妈方向感很差，所以她总是迷路。根据“so she always gets lost.”及首字母提示可知，空处应表达方向感很差，a sense of direction“方向感”，空处应填sense“感觉”。故填(s)ense。 2．（2024·山东济宁·三模）To my surprise, my grandpa taught himself how to use VR to learn the (知识) about space. 【答案】knowledge 【详解】句意：让我惊讶的是，我的爷爷自学了如何使用VR来学习有关太空的知识。知识：knowledge，不可数名词。故填knowledge。 3．（2024·山东济宁·三模）A Christmas Carol is one of famous (小说) written by Charles Dickens. 【答案】novels 【详解】句意：《圣诞颂歌》是查尔斯·狄更斯的著名小说之一。one of后加可数名词复数novels“小说”。故填novels。 4．（2024·山东济宁·三模）Just as the s goes: “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” 【答案】(s)aying 【详解】句意：俗话说：入乡随俗。根据“When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”可知这是一个谚语，saying“谚语”，用名词单数。故填(s)aying。 5．（2024·山东泰安·三模）Students learn the basic knowledge from biology that cows have four (胃). 【答案】stomachs 【详解】句意：学生们从生物学中学习奶牛有四个胃的基本知识。stomach“胃”，four修饰可数名词复数，故填stomachs。 6．（2024·山东青岛·二模）I saw you put your (钥匙) in your bag. Now you can’t find them? 【答案】keys 【详解】句意：我看见你把钥匙放在包里了。现在你找不到了？“钥匙”key，可数名词，根据句中“Now you can’t find them”可知，此处用复数，故填keys。 7．（2024·山东青岛·二模）The Great Wall of China has been standing for (世纪). 【答案】centuries 【详解】句意：中国的长城已经屹立了几个世纪。century“世纪”，可数名词，长城有好几个世纪的历史，名词用复数。故填centuries。 8．（2024·山东济宁·二模）The Chengdu Plain belongs to the country’s double-planting area. This means wheat and rice are planted in the same (田地). 【答案】field 【详解】句意：成都平原属于全国双季稻种植区。这意味着小麦和水稻种植在同一块田地里。田地：field，名词，由“the same”可知，指同一块田地，用单数。故填field。 9.(2023济南二模)Mike thought about his 　　　　　(mother) words for a while. He nodded his head and seemed to understand those words.  答案　mother's　考查名词所有格。根据语意可知此处应用名词所有格形式,his mother's words意为“他母亲的话”。 10.(2023济宁二模)We will meet many difficulties in our lives, and sometimes we may fail, but we can't lose c　　　　 or confidence.  答案　courage　考查名词拼写。前文说“我们在生活中会遇到很多困难,有时我们可能会失败”,but表示转折,根据首字母提示可知这里表示我们不能失去勇气或信心,courage意为“勇气”,是不可数名词,用原形。故填courage。 11.(2023聊城一模)People often make plenty of 　　　　　(mistake) in writing.  答案　mistakes　考查名词的数。前面的plenty of意为“很多”,mistake为可数名词,此处应用复数形式,故填mistakes。 12.(2023日照北京路中学一模)Red can help you when you have difficulty making a　　　　　(decide).  答案　decision　考查名词构词法。固定搭配:make a decision做决定。decision是decide的名词形式。 13.(2023江苏苏州)We offered to look after our 　　　　　(邻居的) dog when she was away.  答案　neighbour's/neighbor's　考查名词所有格。根据空后的单数名词dog可知此处缺限定词,结合后文的she可知此处用单数名词的所有格形式,结合汉语提示可知,空处填neighbour's/neighbor's。 14.(2023云南)We're going to make vegetable salad. How many 　　　　　 do we need? (tomato)  答案　tomatoes　考查名词的数。根据问题中的特殊疑问词组How many可知,此处应用名词的复数形式,注意tomato的复数形式比较特别,需要在词尾加上-es。故填tomatoes。 15.(2023云南)Amy is my best friend. She's always there to be a good 　　　　　.(listen)  答案　listener　考查名词构词法。根据句意可知,她是一个很好的倾听者。结合空前的形容词good可知,空处应填名词,故用listen 的名词形式。故填listener。 16.(2022枣庄二模)One of the main 　　　　　 (reason) is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.  答案　reasons　考查名词的数。短语one of后面用可数名词复数,故填reasons。 17.(2022潍坊一模)According to the designer, this material can collect 　　　　　 (athlete) body heat and keep them warm for as long as they wear it.  答案　athletes'　考查名词的数和所有格。由设空处后面的them可知应用复数形式。此处修饰后面的名词短语body heat,应该使用名词所有格,故填athletes'。 能力提升 一.方框选词填空 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空,每词限用一次。 before　care for　deal　prize　silent 1.I usually do some reading 　　　　　　 I go to bed.  2.One of Chinese traditions is to 　　　　　　 the old.  3.Hearing the terrible news, the officer walked 　　　　　　 out of the room.  4.Sara usually 　　　　　　 with her problems by asking her teachers for help.  5.The 82-year-old scientist, won many 　　　　　　 for his rice research.  答案　 1.before　句意:我通常在上床睡觉前阅读。备选词中表示时间先后顺序的连词是before,故填before。 2.care for　句意:照顾老人是中国的传统之一。care for照顾。to在这里是不定式符号,后面跟动词原形,故填care for。 3.silently　句意:听到这个可怕的消息,这个长官静静地走出了房间。该空应该用副词来修饰动词walked,故填silently。 4.deals　固定短语:deal with处理(问题)。此句为一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式,故填deals。 5.prizes　句意:这位82岁的科学家因他的水稻研究获得了许多奖。prize奖,是可数名词,根据空前的many可知,用复数形式,故填prizes。 二.语篇单词拼写 根据短文内容和所给首字母提示,在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 1.S　　　　 have discovered what they believe is the world's largest plant, an underwater field of seagrass that spreads for 180 2.k　　　　 in Shark Bay,off the west 3.c　　　　 of Australia.  Seagrass is a flowering 4.p　　　　 that grows in shallow(浅的) waters. Lots of seagrass grows together in thick fields, known as meadows, helping clean the ocean's water. It also provides food and shelter for many sea 5.l　　　　.  答案　 1.Scientists　由语境可知,这里表示科学家,用scientist。此空作主语,根据谓语中的have是复数形式可推断,此处名词也用复数形式,故填Scientists。 2.kilometers　kilometer千米,是可数名词,由空前的180可知用复数形式,故填kilometers。 3.coast　由语境和首字母提示可知此处表示海岸,用单数形式,故填coast。 4.plant　由上文中的“the world's largest plant...seagrass”和空前的a可知填plant。 5.lives　这里表示海洋生物,应用life。根据空前的many可知,此处需要用可数名词复数形式,故填lives。 三.语法填空 Many people usually sit when they work. So people who work all day end up sitting for most of the day. But this is bad for a 1.　　　　(person) health. When we sit for too long every day, we don't move very much. So it is easy for the body to start storing much 2.　　　　(fat) and getting heavy. Sitting too long is also bad for our work and it makes us want to sleep. When this happens, people can make more 3.　　　　 (mistake) in their work or take longer to finish work. 4.　　　　(company) need workers to be healthy, so some work places provide workers with special 5.　　　　(type) of desks to help their workers out.   答案　 1.person's　提示词person和health之间为所属关系,表示一个人的健康,故填person's。 2.fat　fat脂肪;肥肉,不可数名词。故填fat。 3.mistakes　more后面加可数名词复数形式,故填mistakes。 4.Companies　此处表示很多公司需要工人们是健康的,也可以通过主谓一致的规则,由need推断出这里用复数形式,句首单词首字母大写,故填Companies。 5.types　此处表示提供给工人各种各样的特殊的桌子,应用复数形式,故填types。 冠词 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 1.冠词的基本用法 不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（/） （日照、滨州、菏泽：3年3考） 对于冠词的考查，往往集中于a、an的用法区别，定冠词的用法，不用冠词的情况，习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主，有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中，不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法，还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。 2.不定冠词a / an的用法 掌握不定冠词的基本用法‌ · 3.定冠词the的用法 掌握定冠词的基本用法 · 4.零冠词和固定短语 掌握一些不用冠词的情况‌ · 考点一 冠词的分类 冠词（Article）是一种虚词，在句子中一般不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能与名词放在一起（一般用于名词之前 ）帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，包含不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（/）。 冠词分类及读法： 定冠词（the）用来限定这个冠词后面的名词是某个特定的事物；不定冠词（例如英语中的a/an）用来表示这个冠词后面的名词是指某一类特定事物中的一个，但具体是哪一个并不重要；此外有些特定场合不用冠词，即通常所谓的“零冠词”。 考点二 不定冠词a / an的用法 不定冠词a / an用在单数可数名词的前面,a[ə]用在辅音音标开头的词前面; an [ən,æn]用在元音音标开头的词的前面。 a dog a dogs water a water a glass of water thress glasses of water a dog, a pig, an apple, an hour, an L 不定冠词的基本用法： (1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。) (2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。) (3) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。) (4) 表示“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。) (5) 几个用不定冠词的习语：a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等 1.Later that evening, there was 　　　 knock on Ann's door.  答案　a　根据there was和on Ann's door可知,knock在这里是名词,意为“敲门声”,且表泛指,要搭配不定冠词;knock以辅音音素开头,故填a。 2.Two years ago, Rian came to the beautiful city and became 　　　 English teacher at a kindergarten.   答案　an　Rian在一所幼儿园成为了一名英语老师,这里表泛指,应用不定冠词,且English以元音音素开头,应用an。故填an。 3.Community service is a great way to make 　　　 difference in your neighborhood.  答案　a　固定搭配make a difference“有影响”。故填a。 4.Kendall Rae Johnson has 　　　 huge garden that produces over 100 pounds of food each year!  答案　a　此处泛指一个花园,huge以辅音音素开头,故填a。 5.In the USA, Australia and some European countries offenders(违规者) also get points on their driving license. After they get 　　　 certain number of points, they can't drive.  答案　a　固定搭配a certain number of...“一定数量的……”,故填a。 6.Tina is a thirteen-year-old middle school student. Last year, she went to 　　　 summer school in France and stayed with a local family, the Truffauts.  答案　a　空后的summer school泛指一所暑期学校,前面用不定冠词,summer以辅音音素开头,故填a。 7.Several years ago, I worked for 　　　　 English newspaper which was doing such research.  答案　an　设空处修饰其后的English newspaper,由语境可知,此处表泛指,又因English以元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。 8.Hearing this, the old man said, “But there are miles of beach and there are starfish all along every mile. You can't possibly make 　　　　　　 difference!”  答案　a　固定短语make a difference意为“产生影响”,故填a。 9.Peking Opera has become 　　　　　　 important opera form for Chinese audience.  答案　an　form形式,是可数名词单数形式,此处表泛指,前面应用不定冠词,important发音以元音音素开头,故填an。 10.What's more, you will feel happier to have 　　　　　　 strong body.  答案　a　此处是泛指有一个强壮的身体,应用不定冠词,strong以辅音音素开头,故填a。 11.They think such 　　　　　　 idea is only an ignorant (愚昧的) and superstitious(迷信的) belief.  答案　an　“such a(n)+单数名词”表示“这样一个……”。idea以元音音素开头,故填an。 考点三 定冠词the的用法 定冠词the[ðə](元音音标前读[ði])用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。 定冠词的基本用法： (1) 表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克) There is a girl on the playground, the girl is Mary. (2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。) (3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。) (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。) (5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。) (6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近) (7) 常用在西洋乐器名称的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴) (8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山) (9) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国) (10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山) (11)same之前一般用the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样) (12)几个用定冠词的习语：at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 1.On the way, Dad told us something about 　　　 history of the ancient city of Pompeii.  答案　the　这里表示爸爸告诉“我们”关于庞贝古城的历史,应用定冠词the表特指。故填the。 2.For 　　　　 first time in his life, Mr Happy lost his smile.  答案　the　句意:Happy先生有生以来第一次失去了他的笑容。for the first time为固定搭配。故填the。 3.Ben watched Tom and Jerry yesterday. 　　　　 cartoon made him laugh.  答案　The　第一句话中已出现动画片的名称,此处特指上文提到的动画片,故填The。 4.“Any letters for me today?” Mr. James asked a postwoman. 　　　　　　 postwoman shook her head, “Sorry, Mr. James.”  答案　The　此处特指前面提到的postwoman,因此用定冠词。句首单词首字母大写,故填The。 5.Uncle Wang has 　　　　　　 bird and 　　　　　　 bird can talk to people.  答案　a;the　句意:王叔叔有一只鸟,这只鸟能跟人说话。bird是可数名词单数形式,第一个空表泛指,应用不定冠词a;第二个空表特指,应用定冠词the。 6.This is 　　　　　　 eraser. 　　　　　　 eraser is on the table.  答案　an;The　eraser是可数名词单数形式,本句第一个空表泛指,且eraser以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an;第二个空表特指,应用定冠词,句首单词首字母大写。 7.As my best friend, she likes to do 　　　　　　 same things as me.  答案　the　固定搭配the same as表示“和……一样”。故填the。 8.—May I know where you bought 　　　　 cap? It looks nice.   —I bought it online. Need I send you the website? 答案　the　考查定冠词。根据语境可知,此处特指双方都知道的那顶帽子,用定冠词the。 考点四 零冠词 一些不用冠词的情况： (1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了) (3)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树) (4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明) (5) 三餐饭前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭) (6) 节、假日前一般不用。如：On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物) (7) 球类、棋类名词前不用。如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球) (8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如：They are now at People’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院) (9) 一些习惯用语中不用。如：⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school; ⑵ in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care of 基础巩固 一.单项选择 1.（2024·山东菏泽·三模）—Do you believe what he said? —Yes. He is _________ honest boy and he always tells _________ truth. A．a; the B．an; a C．an; the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你相信他说的话吗？——是的。他是一个诚实的孩子，他总是说真话。 考查冠词的用法。a一个，不定冠词，表示泛指，用于辅音音素前；an一个，不定冠词，表示泛指，用于元音音素前；the这个，定冠词，表示特指。第一空是泛指一个诚实的男孩，用不定冠词，honest是一个以元音音素开头的单词，用an修饰；第二空用固定短语tell the truth“说实话”。故选C。 2.（2024·山东青岛·一模）I watched Pegasus 2 (《飞驰人生2》) last night. It is ________ wonderful film. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我昨晚看了《飞驰人生2》。这是一部精彩的电影。 考查冠词辨析。a一，泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the特指。根据“wonderful film.”可知，这里泛指“一部精彩的电影”，且wonderful是辅音音素开头的单词。故选A。 3.（2024·山东菏泽·三模）If you’re willing to give ________ helping hand, our world will be a better one. A．a B．an C．the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你愿意伸出援助之手，我们的世界将会变得更美好。 考查冠词。a表泛指，放在以辅音音素开头的单词前；an表泛指，放在以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指。根据语境可知，此处表泛指，且空格后单词“helping”以辅音音素开头，故应用a修饰。故选A。 4.（2024·山东菏泽·三模）Tracy, _________ exchange student from Norway, is________ university student in Shandong now. A．an, a B．an, the C．a, an 【答案】A 【详解】句意：特雷西是来自挪威的交换生，现在在山东读大学。根据横线后“exchange student”和“university student”，以及句意可知，此处第一部分表达“一名交换生”，第二部分表达的是“一名大学生”，exchange是以元音音素开头，所以第一空填an；university是以辅音元素开头的单词，所以此处用不定冠词a。故选A。 5.（2024·山东菏泽·三模）—My brother bought a new model plane yesterday. —Really? What color is ________ model plane? A．a B．an C．the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我哥哥昨天买了一架新模型飞机。——真正吗？模型飞机是什么颜色的？ 考查冠词。a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指。根据“My brother bought a new model plane yesterday.”可知，此处表示上文中提到的模型飞机，应用定冠词。故选C。 6.（2024·山东菏泽·三模）—There will be ________ 8-day art exhibition (展览) in Heze next month. We can enjoy great works like Mona Lisa Smile by Da Vinci. —Wow! It must be ________ most unusual exhibition. A．a; the B．a; an C．an; the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——下个月将在菏泽举办为期8天的艺术展。我们可以欣赏到达芬奇的《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》等伟大的作品。——哇！这一定是最与众不同的展览。 考查冠词辨析。a一个，泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the那个，特指。根据“8-day art exhibition”可知，此处表泛指，且8-day是以元音音素开头，所以第一空使用不定冠词an修饰；根据“most unusual exhibition.”可知，形容词的最高级前应用the。故选C。 7.（2024·山东菏泽·三模）—Tracy, what’s ChatGPT? —ChatGPT is ________ AI robot. It can think like humans and do lots of writing work for us. A．a B．an C．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Tracy，什么是ChatGPT？——ChatGPT是一个人工智能机器人。它可以像人类一样思考，为我们做很多写作工作。 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个人工智能机器人”，AI以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选B。 8.（2024·山东菏泽·二模）—Maria, look at the big house over there! —Wow, I have always dreamed of having such _________ big house. A．an B．a C．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——玛丽亚，看那边的大房子！——哇，我一直梦想有这样一个大房子。 考查冠词辨析。an一个，不定冠词表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；a一个，不定冠词表示泛指，用于辅音音素的单词前；the定冠词表示特指。根据“ such … big house”可知，此处是“such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数”结构，big为辅音音素开头的单词，前应用a。故选B。 9.（2024·山东菏泽·二模）China’s panda YaYa finished ________ 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing in China and then was sent to Beijing Zoo in ________ May. A．a; a B．a; the C．a; / 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国熊猫丫丫在抵达中国后，在上海待了30天，然后于5月被送往北京动物园。 考查冠词的用法。根据“...30-day stay”可知，此处泛指“一段30天的停留”，故第一空应该填不定冠词，30-day以辅音音素开头，此空应用不定冠词a；May是月份，它的前面不用冠词。故选C。 10.（2024·山东菏泽·二模）Lao She is ________ great writer. He’s especially famous for ________ play Teahouse. A．an; the B．a; the C．an; a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老舍是一位伟大的作家。他尤其以剧作《茶馆》而闻名。 考查冠词的用法。a一，不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指。在表示职业或身份的名词前，通常用不定冠词a/an，且great是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰；“play Teahouse”为特指的名词，前面通常用定冠词the。故选B。 11.（2024·山东青岛·二模）My family always get together and enjoy ________ big dinner on my birthday. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的家人总是在我生日的时候聚在一起，吃上一顿大餐。 考查冠词。a一个，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，表特指。根据“get together and enjoy...big dinner.”可知，是泛指一顿大餐，big以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故选A。 12.（2024·山东滨州·二模）—What ________ amazing news it is that several new subway lines will be put into use this year! —Surely it is ________ unusual event for the city’s public transport. A．the; a B．a; an C．/; an D．an; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——今年将有几条新的地铁线路投入使用，这是多么令人惊讶的消息啊！——对于这座城市的公共交通来说，这当然是不寻常的事件。 考查冠词辨析。a一，泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the特指。分析句子可知，第一个设空处后是不可数名词“amazing news”，因此不需要填冠词；根据“unusual event”可知，这里泛指一个事件，且unusual是元音音素开头的单词。故选C。 13.（2024·山东东营·二模）For Grade 9 students, there is only about one month left before graduation. We should catch ________ last chance to achieve our goals. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：对于九年级的学生来说，离毕业只剩下一个月的时间了。我们应该抓住实现目标的最后机会。 考查冠词。根据“last chance”可知，此处特指最后的机会，应用定冠词the。故选C。 14.(2023滨州一模)—Where was the FIFA World Cup 2022 held? —In 　　　 Qatar. It is 　　　 Asian country.  A./;the　　　　 B.a;/　　　　 C.the;a　　　　 D./;an 答案　D　考查零冠词和不定冠词。Qatar(卡塔尔)是一个国家,前面使用零冠词。第二个空表泛指,表示一个亚洲的国家,应该使用不定冠词,Asian以元音音素开头,应该用an。故选D。 15.(2023东营二模)Mike likes playing 　　　 golf but I like playing 　　　 piano.  A.the;the　　　　 B.a;a　　　　 C./;the　　　　 D.the;/ 答案　C　考查零冠词和定冠词。打高尔夫球play golf;弹钢琴play the piano。故选C。 16.(2023菏泽一模)Father's love seems like 　　　 mountain. He always hides love deep at 　　　 bottom of his heart.  A.the;a　　　　 B./;the　　　　 C.a;the　　　　 D.a;/ 答案　C　考查不定冠词和定冠词。第一个空后mountain为可数名词单数形式,此处表泛指,应加不定冠词a表示“一座山”。第二个空用于固定搭配at the bottom of...意为“在……的底部”。故选C。 17.(2023菏泽二模)Jerry is interested in Chinese history, so he goes to 　　　 library twice 　　　 week to read about it.  A.an;a　　　　 B.a;the　　　　 C.the;a 答案　C　考查定冠词和不定冠词。固定短语go to the library意为“去图书馆”,twice a week意为“一周两次”,故选C。 18.(2023青岛一模)—Look, who's 　　　 man in yellow?  —He's 　　　 university teacher.  A.the;an　　　　 B./;a　　　　 C.the;a　　　　 D./;an 答案　C　考查定冠词和不定冠词。第一空后面的man in yellow表示穿黄色衣服的男人,为特指,应该用定冠词the。第二句为泛指,表示他是一位大学老师,应该用不定冠词,university以辅音音素开头,不定冠词用a。故选C。 19.(2023青岛一模)The young man often gives 　　　 helping hand to the old in his neighbourhood.  A.a　　　　 B.an　　　　 C.the　　　　 D./ 答案　A　考查不定冠词。固定搭配give a helping hand意为“提供帮助”。故选A。 20.(2023东营市实验中学一模)—Do you know 2019 is the year of the Pig? —Sure. The pig is 　　　 twelfth sign in the Chinese zodiac cycle(生肖).  A.a　　　　 B.an　　　　 C.the　　　　 D./ 答案　C　考查定冠词。twelfth是序数词,序数词前面应用定冠词the,故选C。 21.(2022济南二模)Look, there is 　　　 cat over there.  A.a　　　　 B.an　　　　 C.the　　　　 D./ 答案　A　考查不定冠词。根据句意可知那边有一只猫,不确定是哪一只,表泛指,应该用不定冠词,cat的发音以辅音音素开头,故选A。 22.(2022青岛一模)We usually have three meals 　　　 day, and we usually have 　　　 lunch at 12:00.  A.a;the　　　　 B.a;/　　　　 C.the;the　　　　D./;the 答案　B　考查冠词。第一个空后的day为可数名词,a day表示一天;一日三餐前面不使用冠词。故选B。 二.单句填空 1. (2023济南一模)Nick is 　　　 15-year-old boy who loves playing rugby(橄榄球) and dreams of becoming a rugby player one day.  答案　a　考查不定冠词。空后的boy为可数名词单数形式,此处表泛指,用不定冠词,15(fifteen)以辅音音素开头。故填a。 2.(2023济南历城三校二模)Florence was 　　　 unusual young woman for her time, because she didn't want to go to parties and get married. 答案　an　考查不定冠词。空后的woman为可数名词单数形式,此处表泛指,前面应该用不定冠词,unusual以元音音素开头,故填an。 3.(2023淄博一模)Scientists from University of Toronto have found that forgetting is 　　　 important part of learning. 答案　an　考查不定冠词。句意:多伦多大学的科学家们发现遗忘是学习的一个重要部分。part是可数名词单数形式,这里表泛指,且important以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。 4.(2023枣庄二模)But on that day in March 1876, there were only two telephones in 　　　 whole world.  答案　the　考查定冠词。固定搭配in the whole world意为“全世界”。故填the。 5.(2023临沂一模)Hemingway developed 　　　 style of writing that was simple and direct. 答案　a　考查不定冠词。此处表泛指,表示“一种简单直接的写作风格”,单数可数名词style前应该加不定冠词a。 能力提升 一．用冠词填空。 A I love the Spring Festival. Celebrating it is one of my family traditions. Each Spring Festival, we will gather together in my grandpa's home and enjoy ourselves. At that time, one of 1.　　　　 most important activities is that we will eat dumplings prepared by my grandma, aunts and my mother.  2.　　　　 dumplings on that day are truly special. My family will make more than 200 dumplings for 3.　　　　 whole family. What excites me most is the moment when I find 4.　　　　 coin inside a dumpling. It is said that people who can eat a dumpling containing a coin will be lucky 5.　　　　 next whole year.  答案　 1.the　固定搭配“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”,表示“最……的……之一”,故填the。 2.The　特指那天的饺子,应用定冠词the,且位于句首,故填The。 3.the　the whole family 整个家庭,故填the。 4.a　这里表示最让“我”兴奋的时刻是“我”发现饺子里面有一个硬币,此处用不定冠词表示“一”,故填a。 5.the　固定搭配the next whole year,意为“接下来的一整年”,故填the。 B My pen friend is Allison. She is 1.　　　　 lovely Australian girl with big blue eyes. Like me, Allison loves singing and dancing, and we both like travelling to different places for our holidays.  Do you want to know how our friendship started? By travelling! Three years ago, I paid 2.　　　　 visit to my uncle's home in Sydney. One Saturday my cousin and I went to the Blue Mountains Scenic World and I met Allison on the bus. She was sitting just next to me. At first, we were both a bit shy. We sat silently all the way until we got near 3.　　　　 foot of the mountains. I was surprised by the amazing views and opened the window to take photos. That's when Allison turned to me and said, “It's beautiful, isn't it?” Then she began to explain why 4.　　　　 mountains looked blue.  For the rest of the day, 5.　　　　 three of us travelled together. We saw many koalas and were happy to see that they were protected well in the forest. What 6.　　　　 great experience! Back home, I started writing to Allison and we've been friends ever since.  答案　 1.a　句意:她是一个可爱的澳大利亚女孩,有着蓝色的大眼睛。此处应用不定冠词表泛指,故填a。 2.a　固定搭配pay a visit to...,表示去访问某处。故填a。 3.the　the foot of the mountains山脚。故填the。 4.the　根据句意“然后她开始解释这里的山为什么看起来是蓝色的。”可知,此处表特指,故填the。 5.the　the three of us特指“我们”三个人,所以填the。 6.a　在what构成的感叹句中,感叹的中心词为单数可数名词时前面要用不定冠词。experience在此处表示“经历”,是可数名词,且空后的great以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。 $$第01讲 名词&冠词 目录 名词 2 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 4 考点突破·考法探究 5 考点一 名词的分类 5 考点二 名词的数 6 考点三 名词的格 7 考点四 名词的主谓一致 9 考点五 名词构词法 9 考点六 名词的句法功能 11 考点七 易混易错点辨析 11 分层训练·巩固提升 17 基础巩固 17 能力提升 21 冠词 22 考情透视·目标导航 22 知识导图·思维引航 23 考点突破·考法探究 23 考点一 冠词的分类 23 考点二 不定冠词a / an的用法 24 考点三 定冠词the的用法 25 考点四 零冠词 27 分层训练·巩固提升 27 基础巩固 27 能力提升 32 名词 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 ‌可数名词及其单、复数 能够识别并正确使用可数名词的单数和复数形式，能够在不同的语境中正确使用这些名词 （日照：3年22考；滨州：3年10考；济宁、菏泽：3年13考） 名词的考点常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空的形式进行考查，考查的命题点有：名词的词义辨析、名词和其他词性之间的转换、名词的单复数、名词所有格等。 不可数名词‌ 了解不可数名词的概念，能够在语境中正确使用这些名词‌ · 专有名词 正确使用人名、地名等专有名词 · 名词所有格 了解并正确使用名词的所有格形式，表达所属关系‌ · 考点一 名词的分类 英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1.专有名词指特定的或独一无二的人或物（人名、地名、节日、星期、月份、国家名、景观名）。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。 如：Beijing, Tom, English,the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 人名：Tom，Peter，Mr Yang 地名：Europe，New York，People’s Square 节日、月份、星期：Christmas，February，Saturday 注意：有些单词字母的大小写不同，词义也不一样。如： Rose罗斯（姓名）——rose玫瑰花 China中国——china陶瓷或中国（不特指） 2.普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 如：pupil, family, man, foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如：box, child, orange；a dog,two dogs,100 dogs 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information . 用量词来计数不可数名词： A glass of water 区分单词可数不可数 可数名词：像表示人或事物的名词和集体名词等。 不可数名词：物质名词或抽象名词。（液体，空气，粉末状） 常见的不可数名词：bread,rice,milk,water,air,advice,homework,money等。 考点二 名词的数 一．英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1.名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下： ①在单数名词词尾加s。 如：map→maps, boy→boys, horse→horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es. 如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches. 字母o结尾，在后面加s (元音字母a,e,i,o,u) （1）词末为两个元音字母的词 如：zoos，bamboos，coos，radios，studios（艺术家的工作室）。 （2）某些外来词和缩写，加 s．如 photos，solos，pianos，kilos（千克），tobaccos。 ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。 ——boys 如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties. activity→activities ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。 如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives. 2.不规则变化： 男人女人a变e， man→men,woman→women 鹅足牙oo变ee， goose→geese,foot→feet,tooth→teeth 老鼠虱子也好记，ous变ic， mouse→mice louse→lice 孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。 child→children,fish→fish,deer→deer,sheep→sheep 以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数，前后两个名词都变复数，如：manservant→menservants, woman student→women students. 二．不可数名词一般没有复数形式(用is),说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词，不用不定关系a/an修饰。 如：The food is very fresh.　食品很新鲜。 如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk. 常见的不可数名词 water水，milk 牛奶；juice 果汁；powder粉，rice米饭，salt 盐，food食物，fruit水果，chocolate 巧克力，fish鱼肉，meat 肉，bread面包，paper 纸，exercise 锻炼，information 信息，news 新闻，homework 作业，hair 头发，population人口，money 钱，advice 建议 考点三 名词的格 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下： (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)，men's room （男厕所）。 (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’ Day(教师节) (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如： today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口). (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如： a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿). Jack’s picture= a picture of jack ① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所) ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) ③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格, 如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友) 名词的数和格 单句填空 1.（2024·山东青岛·一模）I can find out many (different) between the two pictures, but my brother says they are quite similar. 2.（2024·山东青岛·一模）—Miss Wang, happy (teacher) Day. —Thank you, Tom. 3.（2024·山东青岛·一模）When we were young, our parents often told us not to believe the (stranger) words. It’s a simple way to protect ourselves. 4.(2023日照)Our city received a lot of v　　　　 during May Day holiday.  5.(2023烟台)“The historical relics(遗迹) in China's ancient 　　　　(city) have made me want to learn more about the country's past,” Mohammed said.  6.(2023日照)After seven 　　　　(month) of full backpacking in Africa from Cape Town to Cairo, I realized having a student-like mind helped me learn a lot.  7.(2023枣庄)Why? Because there were a lot of people in many 　　　　(place)of interest in China.  8.(2022临沂)My 　　　　 garden is very nice. (grandmother)  9.(2022潍坊)The 　　　　(name) in red ink are people who live in London.  10.(2021临沂)In 1920, the 　　　 first three-color traffic light was put to use.(world)  11.(2022日照)My friend gave me some a　　　　 on how to keep a pet.  考点四 名词的主谓一致 （1）主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式： 如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明) The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷) （2）glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如： The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买) （3）a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如： A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句) （4）there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定（就近原则）。 如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子) There + be (表示有，某地有某物，一种空间关系) There is a table and four chairs in the room. 就近原则 have(表示有，拥有，一种所属关系) I have a table and four chairs in the room. 考点五 名词构词法 名词(构成名词的后缀) 后缀 示例 ­ence某些动词或形容词后面加后缀-ence 构成相应的抽象名词 exist—existence存在; enter(进入)-entrance(入口处) ­ance；-ence,-ancy,-ency某些动词或形容词后面加后缀-ance 构成相应的抽象名词,表示性质或状态 accept—acceptance接受;exist-existence存在；tend-tendency趋势 important(重要的)-importance(重要性) ­tion表示行为的过程或状态 produce—production生产; attract-attraction吸引力 ­sion表示行为的过程 express—expression表达 ­ment;表示行为结果或具体工具 develop—development发展;equip(装备)-equipment(装备，设备) ­ness; 形容词后加后缀-ness blind—blindness失明; cold—coldness(寒冷) ­age;表示状态、总称或场所，物品；费用 marry—marriage婚姻；villa别墅--village村庄； post--postage邮费；short-shortage短缺 ­th；表示状态、性质或动作 warm—warmth温暖；long-length长度；grow-growth生长 ­ure 表示状态、情况或行为的结果 please—pleasure快乐；depart—departure离开； expose-exposure暴露；press-pressure压力 ­dom表示总称、集体、身份、状态 wise—wisdom智慧；bore使厌烦--boredom厌烦 y,-ty,-ity某些形容词后面加-y-ty,-ity 等表示性质状态的后缀，构成抽象名词 difficult(困难的)-difficulty(困难) electric(电的)-electricity(电) -al表示行为、过程或状态 approve-approval赞成;survive-survival存活 -ship表示状态或地位 member-membership会员资格 -er,-or,-ant表示.....的人或物 employ-employ雇主；laugh-laughter笑声；assist-assistant助手 -ist表示......专家，从事......的人 science-scientist科学家；special-specialist专家 -cy表示状态或性质 accurate-accuracy准确性；fluent-fluency流利； 名词构词法 单句填空 1.(2023枣庄)If you stayed at home, I think you made a good 　　　　(choose).  2.(2022潍坊)Breckinridge refused to tell us the 　　　　(true).  3.(2022烟台)Although he majored in chemistry, Huang opened a cube store in Changsha after his 　　　　(graduate).  4.(2021烟台改编)We are feeling very sad to lose the great 　　 　(science), Yuan Longping.  考点六 名词的句法功能 序号 功能 例句 1 作主语 Newspapers are useful. 报纸有用。 2 作宾语 Have you received my letter? 你收到我的信了吗？（作动词的宾语） The books are on the desk. 书在桌子上。（作介词的宾语） 3 作表语 Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 4 作补足语 We made him manager of the company. 我们选他当公司的经理。 This kind of flower is called carnation. 这种花叫康乃馨。（作主语） 5 作同位语 You students go first. 你们学生先走。 6 作状语 We’ll meet next Sunday. 我们下周日见。 7 作定语 I am an English teacher. 我是一位英语老师。 考点七 易混易错点辨析 易混一：sound，voice，noise sound “声音”，指耳朵能听到的各种声音。e.g. I heard the sound of the bell. voice “嗓音”，指人的说话声。e.g. She has a beautiful voice. noise “噪音”，即心理感受不好的声音。词组：make a noise/make much noise等。 易混二：job，work job “工作”，指长期的职业，可数。 work “工作”，可以作名词或动词。作名词表示“工作”时指一般的事，不可数；作名词表示“作品”时可数。 易混三：a number of，the number of a number of表示“大量的；许多”，谓语动词用复数。 如：A number of people are playing chess. the number of表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。 如：The number of people in the room is 50. 易混四：idea，advice，suggestion idea表示“主意”，可数。 如：a good idea 一个好主意 advice表示“建议；忠告”，不可数。 如：a piece of advice suggestion意同advice，可数。 易混五：news，information，message，instruction news表示“新闻；消息”，不可数。如：two pieces of news information表示“信息”，不可数。如：some information about the Great Wall message表示“便条；口信；短信”，可数。 常用词组：leave a message(留便条); take a message to...(捎口信给……) instruction表示“说明；须知；指令”，可数。 如：some instructions about how and when to take this medicine 易混六：house，family，home house表示“住宅”，指的是具体的房子或建筑物。 family表示“家；家庭”，强调家庭成员。 home意为“家”，带有眷恋等感情色彩，具有抽象意义。 易混七：problem，question problem表示出现的、提出的、需要解决的问题。 question表示问、答的问题。 易混八：floor，ground floor表示室内，车内等的地板。 ground表示室外的地面。 易混九：road，way，street road表示“公路，马路”，较具体; 常用短语：on the road(在路上)，across the road(过马路)等。 way表示“路线，方法，方面”，较抽象， 常用短语：in this way(用这种方式)， in a way/in some ways(在某些方面)， on the/one's way to(在去某地的路上)， in the/one's way(挡道，阻碍)， the way to(到某地的路)。 street意为“街” 常用短语：in/on the street(在街上)，across the street(过街)等。 易混十：reason，cause，excuse reason表示“原因，理由”，常与for连用。 cause表示“起因，导致……的原因”，常与of连用。 excuse表示“借口”，指不存在的理由。 易混十一：population，people，person population表示“人口”，不指具体的人，常用large，big，small 修饰。提问时用“What”。 people表示“人”，一定是复数。提问时用“How many”。 person表示“人”，可以是单数也可以是复数。 名词词义辨析 一.单项选择 1．（2024·山东菏泽·三模）—Have you learned the Chinese poem “When will the moon be clear and bright? With a cup of wine in my hand, I ask the blue sky.”? —Yes. Su Shi wrote the poem for ________. A.the Mid-Autumn Festival B．the Spring Festival C．the Lantern Festival 2．（2024·山东菏泽·二模）You can see the ________ on our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years. A．pride B．proud C．press 3.(2023滨州)—What's your secret of writing so well? —I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong 　　　 on me as a child.  A.difference　　　　 B.attention C.situation　　　　 D.influence 4.(2022东营)The nap during the lunch break helps us have more 　　　 in the afternoon.  A.luck　　　　 B.wealth C.energy　　　　 D.courage 5.(2022菏泽)—Hi, Zhang Jie. Long time no see. —Hi, Wang Lei. I was on 　　　 in the countryside and helped Grandpa on the farm.  A.time　　　　　 B.vacation　　　　　 C.business 6.(2020滨州)—Mum, must I be a teacher like you when I grow up? —No, you needn't. You can make your own 　　　.  A.difference　　　　 B.discussion C.discovery　　　　 D.decision 二.单句填空 1．（2024·山东济宁·三模）The 2024 UEFA European Championship will be held in (德国). 2．（2024·山东济宁·三模）Have you ever heard of the saying “ (沉默) is gold”? 3．（2024·山东济宁·三模）My pen pal developed an (兴趣) in Beijing Opera. 4．（2024·山东日照·三模）In the Chinese c , the Spring Equinox (春分) is always in the second month. 5．（2024·山东泰安·二模）I don’t have enough money, so I have to make a c between the two books. 6．（2024·山东济宁·二模）Hurry up! Some (西红柿) are on sale in the supermarket. 7．（2024·山东济宁·三模）Don’t be afraid of making (错误), because they are chances for learning and growth. 8．（2024·山东济宁·三模）As we all know, S is the last day of a week. 9．（2024·山东日照·三模）In Harbin, people’s act of k makes me feel warm even in the place far from home. 10．（2024·山东日照·三模）After having several hot d , we finally reached an agreement. 11．（2024·山东日照·二模）Shenzhou-18 was sent into space in April. It is the (骄傲) of all Chinese. 12．（2024·山东日照·二模）Suzhou is very fantastic with different kinds of ancient (桥). 13．（2024·山东日照·二模）We should pay a while crossing the road. 14．（2024·山东日照·二模）A terrible (地震) happened in Taiwan Province on April 3, 2024. 15．（2024·山东日照·三模）Our city received a lot of t during May Day holiday. 16．（2024·山东泰安·二模）We’ve experienced lots of difficulties and had many sweet (回忆) during the past four years. 17．（2024·山东日照·三模）T is the fifth day of a week. 18．（2024·山东日照·三模）My friend gave me some s on how to keep healthy. 19．（2024·山东泰安·二模）—Look! That boy is shouting for help in the river. —Oh, he must be in (危险) now! Li Yong and I will go to save him. Wang Lin, go to the shop over there and ask those adults for help. 20．（2024·山东泰安·二模）From the football game yesterday, I did deeply feel the i of team work. 21.(2023日照)My family went to a 　　　　(音乐会) and had a good time.  22.(2023济宁)Let's protect the animals in great 　　　　(危险).  23.(2023济宁)Printing is a great 　　　　(发明) of ancient China.  24.(2023泰安)The lovely rabbits on these 　　　　(邮票) remind me of my sweet childhood.  25.(2023日照)Kate's room is in good o　　　　, and everything is in its proper place.  26.(2023济宁)—What's the m　　　, Nancy?  —I have a headache. 基础巩固 一.单项选择 1.(2023东营一模)—China's high-speed railway 　　　 is leading the world.   —That's right. It is moving further into the world. A.technology　　　　 B.environment C.population　　　　 D.information 2.(2023菏泽二模)Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot(吉祥物) of Beijing Olympic Winter Games, has two red hearts on its palms(手掌), showing 　　　 and love.   A.shyness　　 B.kindness　　 C.happiness 3.(2023青岛一模)According to our national 　　　, 88.9% of young people often use the Internet to study.  A.degree　　　　 B.survey　　　　 C.law　　　　 D.manner 4.(2023青岛一模)—What do you think of your life in Qingdao? —Pretty good. All of us have a 　　　 of happiness now.  A.feeling　　　　 B.tradition　　　　 C.choice　　　　 D.purpose 5.(2023滨州一模)Miss Li has lots of teaching 　　　. She has her own ways to make classes lively and interesting.  A.exercise　　　　 B.excitement C.experience　　　　 D.environment 6.(2023青岛二模)The girls show interest in 　　　. Some like painting and others like dancing.  A.art　　　　 B.sports　　　　 C.fashion　　　　 D.movies 7.(2023江西)—Kevin, could you pass me some 　　　? It's so hot today. I'm really thirsty.  —OK. Here you are. A.rice　　　　 B.bread　　　　 C.water　　　　 D.chicken 8.(2023天津)People all over the world love pandas, and the panda has become a 　　　 of China.  A.festival　　　　 B.poem　　　　 C.guest　　　　 D.symbol 9.(2023湖北武汉)—Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team. —His height gives him a big　　　.  A.situation　　　　 B.challenge C.achievement　　　　D.advantage 10.(2022青岛一模)The film The Battle at Lake Changjin has offered a 　　　 for the young people of China to remember history and heroes.  A.survey　　　　 B.project C.chance　　　　 D.purpose 12.(2022菏泽二模)—Oh! What's the matter with you, Mark? —I have run out of my 　　　. I'm really tired and need a good rest.  A.money　　　　 B.breath　　　　　　　 C.energy 二.单句填空 1．（2024·山东泰安·二模）My mother has a poor s of direction, so she always gets lost. 2．（2024·山东济宁·三模）To my surprise, my grandpa taught himself how to use VR to learn the (知识) about space. 3．（2024·山东济宁·三模）A Christmas Carol is one of famous (小说) written by Charles Dickens. 4．（2024·山东济宁·三模）Just as the s goes: “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” 5．（2024·山东泰安·三模）Students learn the basic knowledge from biology that cows have four (胃). 6．（2024·山东青岛·二模）I saw you put your (钥匙) in your bag. Now you can’t find them? 7．（2024·山东青岛·二模）The Great Wall of China has been standing for (世纪). 8．（2024·山东济宁·二模）The Chengdu Plain belongs to the country’s double-planting area. This means wheat and rice are planted in the same (田地). 9.(2023济南二模)Mike thought about his 　　　　　(mother) words for a while. He nodded his head and seemed to understand those words.  10.(2023济宁二模)We will meet many difficulties in our lives, and sometimes we may fail, but we can't lose c　　　　 or confidence.  11.(2023聊城一模)People often make plenty of 　　　　　(mistake) in writing.  12.(2023日照北京路中学一模)Red can help you when you have difficulty making a　　　　　(decide).  13.(2023江苏苏州)We offered to look after our 　　　　　(邻居的) dog when she was away.  14.(2023云南)We're going to make vegetable salad. How many 　　　　　 do we need? (tomato)  15.(2023云南)Amy is my best friend. She's always there to be a good 　　　　　.(listen)  16.(2022枣庄二模)One of the main 　　　　　 (reason) is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.  17.(2022潍坊一模)According to the designer, this material can collect 　　　　　 (athlete) body heat and keep them warm for as long as they wear it.  能力提升 一.方框选词填空 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空,每词限用一次。 before　care for　deal　prize　silent 1.I usually do some reading 　　　　　　 I go to bed.  2.One of Chinese traditions is to 　　　　　　 the old.  3.Hearing the terrible news, the officer walked 　　　　　　 out of the room.  4.Sara usually 　　　　　　 with her problems by asking her teachers for help.  5.The 82-year-old scientist, won many 　　　　　　 for his rice research.  二.语篇单词拼写 根据短文内容和所给首字母提示,在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 1.S　　　　 have discovered what they believe is the world's largest plant, an underwater field of seagrass that spreads for 180 2.k　　　　 in Shark Bay,off the west 3.c　　　　 of Australia.  Seagrass is a flowering 4.p　　　　 that grows in shallow(浅的) waters. Lots of seagrass grows together in thick fields, known as meadows, helping clean the ocean's water. It also provides food and shelter for many sea 5.l　　　　.  三.语法填空 Many people usually sit when they work. So people who work all day end up sitting for most of the day. But this is bad for a 1.　　　　(person) health. When we sit for too long every day, we don't move very much. So it is easy for the body to start storing much 2.　　　　(fat) and getting heavy. Sitting too long is also bad for our work and it makes us want to sleep. When this happens, people can make more 3.　　　　 (mistake) in their work or take longer to finish work. 4.　　　　(company) need workers to be healthy, so some work places provide workers with special 5.　　　　(type) of desks to help their workers out.   冠词 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 1.冠词的基本用法 不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（/） （日照、滨州、菏泽：3年3考） 对于冠词的考查，往往集中于a、an的用法区别，定冠词的用法，不用冠词的情况，习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主，有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中，不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法，还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。 2.不定冠词a / an的用法 掌握不定冠词的基本用法‌ · 3.定冠词the的用法 掌握定冠词的基本用法 · 4.零冠词和固定短语 掌握一些不用冠词的情况‌ · 考点一 冠词的分类 冠词（Article）是一种虚词，在句子中一般不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能与名词放在一起（一般用于名词之前 ）帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，包含不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（/）。 冠词分类及读法： 定冠词（the）用来限定这个冠词后面的名词是某个特定的事物；不定冠词（例如英语中的a/an）用来表示这个冠词后面的名词是指某一类特定事物中的一个，但具体是哪一个并不重要；此外有些特定场合不用冠词，即通常所谓的“零冠词”。 考点二 不定冠词a / an的用法 不定冠词a / an用在单数可数名词的前面,a[ə]用在辅音音标开头的词前面; an [ən,æn]用在元音音标开头的词的前面。 a dog a dogs water a water a glass of water thress glasses of water a dog, a pig, an apple, an hour, an L 不定冠词的基本用法： (1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。) (2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。) (3) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。) (4) 表示“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。) (5) 几个用不定冠词的习语：a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等 1.Later that evening, there was 　　　 knock on Ann's door.  2.Two years ago, Rian came to the beautiful city and became 　　　 English teacher at a kindergarten.   3.Community service is a great way to make 　　　 difference in your neighborhood.  4.Kendall Rae Johnson has 　　　 huge garden that produces over 100 pounds of food each year!  5.In the USA, Australia and some European countries offenders(违规者) also get points on their driving license. After they get 　　　 certain number of points, they can't drive.  6.Tina is a thirteen-year-old middle school student. Last year, she went to 　　　 summer school in France and stayed with a local family, the Truffauts.  7.Several years ago, I worked for 　　　　 English newspaper which was doing such research.  8.Hearing this, the old man said, “But there are miles of beach and there are starfish all along every mile. You can't possibly make 　　　　　　 difference!”  9.Peking Opera has become 　　　　　　 important opera form for Chinese audience.  10.What's more, you will feel happier to have 　　　　　　 strong body.  11.They think such 　　　　　　 idea is only an ignorant (愚昧的) and superstitious(迷信的) belief.  考点三 定冠词the的用法 定冠词the[ðə](元音音标前读[ði])用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。 定冠词的基本用法： (1) 表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克) There is a girl on the playground, the girl is Mary. (2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。) (3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。) (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。) (5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。) (6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近) (7) 常用在西洋乐器名称的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴) (8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山) (9) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国) (10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山) (11)same之前一般用the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样) (12)几个用定冠词的习语：at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 1.On the way, Dad told us something about 　　　 history of the ancient city of Pompeii.  2.For 　　　　 first time in his life, Mr Happy lost his smile.  3.Ben watched Tom and Jerry yesterday. 　　　　 cartoon made him laugh.  4.“Any letters for me today?” Mr. James asked a postwoman. 　　　　　　 postwoman shook her head, “Sorry, Mr. James.”  5.Uncle Wang has 　　　　　　 bird and 　　　　　　 bird can talk to people.  6.This is 　　　　　　 eraser. 　　　　　　 eraser is on the table.  7.As my best friend, she likes to do 　　　　　　 same things as me.  8.—May I know where you bought 　　　　 cap? It looks nice.   —I bought it online. Need I send you the website? 考点四 零冠词 一些不用冠词的情况： (1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了) (3)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树) (4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明) (5) 三餐饭前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭) (6) 节、假日前一般不用。如：On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物) (7) 球类、棋类名词前不用。如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球) (8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如：They are now at People’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院) (9) 一些习惯用语中不用。如：⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school; ⑵ in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care of 基础巩固 一.单项选择 1.（2024·山东菏泽·三模）—Do you believe what he said? —Yes. He is _________ honest boy and he always tells _________ truth. A．a; the B．an; a C．an; the 2.（2024·山东青岛·一模）I watched Pegasus 2 (《飞驰人生2》) last night. It is ________ wonderful film. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3.（2024·山东菏泽·三模）If you’re willing to give ________ helping hand, our world will be a better one. A．a B．an C．the 4.（2024·山东菏泽·三模）Tracy, _________ exchange student from Norway, is________ university student in Shandong now. A．an, a B．an, the C．a, an 5.（2024·山东菏泽·三模）—My brother bought a new model plane yesterday. —Really? What color is ________ model plane? A．a B．an C．the 6.（2024·山东菏泽·三模）—There will be ________ 8-day art exhibition (展览) in Heze next month. We can enjoy great works like Mona Lisa Smile by Da Vinci. —Wow! It must be ________ most unusual exhibition. A．a; the B．a; an C．an; the 7.（2024·山东菏泽·三模）—Tracy, what’s ChatGPT? —ChatGPT is ________ AI robot. It can think like humans and do lots of writing work for us. A．a B．an C．the 8.（2024·山东菏泽·二模）—Maria, look at the big house over there! —Wow, I have always dreamed of having such _________ big house. A．an B．a C．the 9.（2024·山东菏泽·二模）China’s panda YaYa finished ________ 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing in China and then was sent to Beijing Zoo in ________ May. A．a; a B．a; the C．a; / 10.（2024·山东菏泽·二模）Lao She is ________ great writer. He’s especially famous for ________ play Teahouse. A．an; the B．a; the C．an; a 11.（2024·山东青岛·二模）My family always get together and enjoy ________ big dinner on my birthday. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 12.（2024·山东滨州·二模）—What ________ amazing news it is that several new subway lines will be put into use this year! —Surely it is ________ unusual event for the city’s public transport. A．the; a B．a; an C．/; an D．an; a 13.（2024·山东东营·二模）For Grade 9 students, there is only about one month left before graduation. We should catch ________ last chance to achieve our goals. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 14.(2023滨州一模)—Where was the FIFA World Cup 2022 held? —In 　　　 Qatar. It is 　　　 Asian country.  A./;the　　　　 B.a;/　　　　 C.the;a　　　　 D./;an 15.(2023东营二模)Mike likes playing 　　　 golf but I like playing 　　　 piano.  A.the;the　　　　 B.a;a　　　　 C./;the　　　　 D.the;/ 16.(2023菏泽一模)Father's love seems like 　　　 mountain. He always hides love deep at 　　　 bottom of his heart.  A.the;a　　　　 B./;the　　　　 C.a;the　　　　 D.a;/ 17.(2023菏泽二模)Jerry is interested in Chinese history, so he goes to 　　　 library twice 　　　 week to read about it.  A.an;a　　　　 B.a;the　　　　 C.the;a 18.(2023青岛一模)—Look, who's 　　　 man in yellow?  —He's 　　　 university teacher.  A.the;an　　　　 B./;a　　　　 C.the;a　　　　 D./;an 19.(2023青岛一模)The young man often gives 　　　 helping hand to the old in his neighbourhood.  A.a　　　　 B.an　　　　 C.the　　　　 D./ 20.(2023东营市实验中学一模)—Do you know 2019 is the year of the Pig? —Sure. The pig is 　　　 twelfth sign in the Chinese zodiac cycle(生肖).  A.a　　　　 B.an　　　　 C.the　　　　 D./ 21.(2022济南二模)Look, there is 　　　 cat over there.  A.a　　　　 B.an　　　　 C.the　　　　 D./ 22.(2022青岛一模)We usually have three meals 　　　 day, and we usually have 　　　 lunch at 12:00.  A.a;the　　　　 B.a;/　　　　 C.the;the　　　　D./;the 二.单句填空 1. (2023济南一模)Nick is 　　　 15-year-old boy who loves playing rugby(橄榄球) and dreams of becoming a rugby player one day.  2.(2023济南历城三校二模)Florence was 　　　 unusual young woman for her time, because she didn't want to go to parties and get married. 3.(2023淄博一模)Scientists from University of Toronto have found that forgetting is 　　　 important part of learning. 4.(2023枣庄二模)But on that day in March 1876, there were only two telephones in 　　　 whole world.  5.(2023临沂一模)Hemingway developed 　　　 style of writing that was simple and direct. 能力提升 一．用冠词填空。 A I love the Spring Festival. Celebrating it is one of my family traditions. Each Spring Festival, we will gather together in my grandpa's home and enjoy ourselves. At that time, one of 1.　　　　 most important activities is that we will eat dumplings prepared by my grandma, aunts and my mother.  2.　　　　 dumplings on that day are truly special. My family will make more than 200 dumplings for 3.　　　　 whole family. What excites me most is the moment when I find 4.　　　　 coin inside a dumpling. It is said that people who can eat a dumpling containing a coin will be lucky 5.　　　　 next whole year.  B My pen friend is Allison. She is 1.　　　　 lovely Australian girl with big blue eyes. Like me, Allison loves singing and dancing, and we both like travelling to different places for our holidays.  Do you want to know how our friendship started? By travelling! Three years ago, I paid 2.　　　　 visit to my uncle's home in Sydney. One Saturday my cousin and I went to the Blue Mountains Scenic World and I met Allison on the bus. She was sitting just next to me. At first, we were both a bit shy. We sat silently all the way until we got near 3.　　　　 foot of the mountains. I was surprised by the amazing views and opened the window to take photos. That's when Allison turned to me and said, “It's beautiful, isn't it?” Then she began to explain why 4.　　　　 mountains looked blue.  For the rest of the day, 5.　　　　 three of us travelled together. We saw many koalas and were happy to see that they were protected well in the forest. What 6.　　　　 great experience! Back home, I started writing to Allison and we've been friends ever since.  $$