第05讲 动词&动词短语(讲义)-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测(山东专用)

2024-11-18
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第05讲 动词和动词短语 目录 动词 2 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究 3 考点一 动词的分类 3 考点二 实义动词 4 考点三 连系动词 5 考点四 助动词 5 考点五 情态动词 6 考点六 容易混淆的常用动词和词组的用法辨析 8 分层训练·巩固提升 13 基础巩固 13 能力提升 18 动词短语 25 考点1 短语动词的构成 25 1. 短语动词的构成: 25 2. 初中常用短语动词辨析 27 分层训练·巩固提升 32 基础巩固 32 综合练习 33 能力提升 38 动词 考情透视·目标导航 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 动词分类 掌握实义动词,连系动词,助动词,情态动词的考点 (日照:3年16考;滨州:3年15考;菏泽:3年20考) 对动词和动词短语的考查常出现在中考试题中的单项选择、完形填空、语法填空和书面表达中。在语篇型填空中,给出动词,要求考生在设空出填出与之搭配的介词或者副词。预计2025年的中考动词和动词短语考查语境复杂化和综合化的特点。 动词短语‌ 掌握1. 短语动词的构成 2. 初中常用短语动词辨析 ‌ ‌ 考点一 动词的分类 类 别 意 义 例 句 实义 动词 含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。 They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆。 I’m reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。 连系 动词 起到连系主语和表语的作用,像一纽带,把主语和表语“系”在一起。 His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。 The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。 助动词 本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词(原形)一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。 He is a student. Is he a student? Yes,/No. He plays basketball. Plays he basketball. 助动词 Does he play basketball? Does he plays basketball? He doesn’t speak English. 他不说英语。 We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球。 Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟吗? I haven’t seen you for a long time. 我好久没有见到你。 情态 动词 本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。 She can keep the books for two weeks. 这些书你能借两个星期。 May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗? We must go now. 我们现在必须走了。 考点二 实义动词 关于实义动词: ① 英语的实义动词又可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两大类:后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词;本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词。 及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。 例如:She can sing. 她能唱歌。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) ② 有些动词通常只作不及物动词。如:go,come,happen,lie,listen,rise,arrive,hall等。 有些动词通常用作及物动词。如:say, raise, lay, find, buy等。 ③ 大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如:study, sing等。 ④ 有些动词作及物动词与作不及物动词时的意义有所不同。如:know, wash等。 ⑤ 有些动词常和介词、副词或其它词类一起构成固定词组,形成短语动词。如:listen,reply,wait,loo 延续性动词表示可延续的动作和状态,能与时间段连用。 The greens have lived here since ten years ago. 格林一家在这里住了十年了。 非延续性动词表示的动作一发生即结束,一般不与时间段连用。 die v.死亡 如“狗死了一个星期了”应说成 “the dog has been dead for a week” 而不能说“the dog has died for a week”; “会议开始半小时了”应说成 “the meeting has been on for half an hour” 而不能说“the meeting has started for half an hour”。 考点三 连系动词 关于连系动词: 连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词。 常见的连系动词有: ★感官类系动词有look (看起来),sound (听起来),smell(闻起来),taste (尝起来),feel(觉得),touch (摸起来)等。 Her voice sounds beautiful. 她的声音听起来很动人。 This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来(手感)很软。 ★变化类系动词有become, turn, get, grow等。 His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。 The man grew rich within a short time. 那个人在很短的时间内就变富了。 ★状态类系动词有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand等。 The weather remains old. 天气依然很冷。 Why he remains a secret. 他为何离开仍然时一个谜。 ★表像类系动词有 look, seem, appear。 He looks happy. 他看起来很幸福。 He seems(to be)very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也跟着变化:look(看→看起来)、feel(感觉、摸→感到)、smell(闻、嗅→闻起来)、taste(尝→尝起来)、turn(翻转、转动→变得)、grow(生长→变得)、get(得到、到达→变得)、go(去→变得),所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词。 考点四 助动词 关于助动词: 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来: a. 表示时态,例如:He is singing. 他在唱歌。    He has got married. 他已结婚。 b. 表示语态,例如:He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句,例如:Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?    Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气,例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。    He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。 ①常见的助动词有:用于进行时和被动语态的be (am, is, are ,was, were, been, being ) ;用于完成时的have(has,had,having) ;用于将来时的shall (should) ; will (would)和用于一般时的do(does,did) . ②助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式,其中有些助动词也可作情态动词。如:shall, should, will, would. 考点五 情态动词 常见的情态动词有:can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), have to, need等。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。介词+doing 助动词(do,does,did)、情态动词+do 1.can和could(could you please...)的用法 表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。如: Can you finish this work tonight? 能力 Man cannot live without air. 可能性 — Can I go now?   — Yes, you can.请求和允许 【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She be there, I have just been there.  A.can’t B.may not C.mustn’t D.needn’t 注意: could也可表示请求,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can(即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。如: Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. (否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.) can表示能力时,还可用be able to代替。如: I'll not be able to come this afternoon. 2.may和might的用法 1)表示许可。 表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时要用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如: You may drive the car. — Might I use your pen?   — Yes, you can/may./No, you can’t/ mustn't. 用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。 【例题】—______ I borrow your MP3? —Sure. Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would 2) 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如:祝你成功! May you succeed! 3)表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。他现在可能很忙。 He may be very busy now. maybe adv.可能 3.must和have to的用法 1) 表示必须、必要。如:You must come in time. 回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to。 — Must we hand in our exercise books today? — Yes, you must. /No, you don’t have to/needn’t. 2) “must be + 表语”的结构表示对现在的推测,它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。  这肯定是你的笔吧。 This must be your pen. have to的含义与must相似,两者往往可以互换使用,但have to有各种形式,随have的变化而定。 must与have to有下列几点不同: (a)must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要。如: The play is not interesting. I really must go now. 我现在必须得走了 我在你这么大的时候必须得工作。 I had to work when I was your age. (b)must一般只表现在,have to则有更多的时态形式。 (c)二者的否定意义不大相同。如:You mustn't go. 你不准去。 You don't have to go. 你不必去。 4.need的用法 1) need表示“需要”或“必须 You needn’t come so early. — Need I finish the work today? — Yes, you must/have to/should/ought to. 2)need 也可以做实义动词,表示“需要”, 人做主语时,为sb. need to do, 物做主语时为 sth. need doing 或 sth. need to be done.如: The garden needs watering=to be watered. I don't think you need to worry about this. 5.shall和should的用法 1) shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如: Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 2)shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如: You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告) He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺) 3)should 应该 =ought to You should do sth. You should answer for what you said. 那你你应该对你说的话负责。 6.will和would的用法 1)表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。如:Would you pass me the book? 2)表示意志、愿望和决心。如:I will never do that again./They asked if we would do that again. 3)表料想或猜想。如: It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there? I thought he would have told you all about it. 7.used to,had better, would rather的用法 1)used to do/ be used to do/be used to doing used to do过去常常做某事(现在已不做) 当他小的时候他常常5点钟就起床。He used to get up at 5 am when he was young. be used to do 被用来做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 2)had better do意为“最好做某事”,后接不带to的不定式。如: — We had better go now. — Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better). 3)would rather do意为“宁愿做某事”,表选择。如: 我宁愿现在什么也不说。I'd rather not say anything. 你宁愿在农场工作吗?Would you rather work on a farm? 考点六 容易混淆的常用动词和词组的用法辨析 1、say, speak, talk, tell的用法辨析 (1) say表示讲话,及物动词,后跟宾语或宾语从句, 强调说话的内容。如: (2) speak表示“讲话”,一般作为不及物动词使用,而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。如:(3) talk表示“谈话”,是不及物动词,与to, about, with等连用,才可以接宾语。如: (4) tell 表示“告诉,讲述”是及物动词,可以带双宾语或复合宾语。如: 1.He he would go there. 2.Do you English? 3.What are you about? 2、look, see, watch和read的用法辨析 (1) look强调“看”这个动作,是不及物动词,常与at连用,然后接宾语。 (2) see 指“看见”某物,强调的是结果。 (3) watch 指的是“观看”,“注视”之意。 (4)read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。 1. ! The girl is swimming in the lake. 2.They can’t the words on the blackboard. 3.The twins are TV now. 4.Don’t in the sun. 3、borrow, lend和keep的用法辨析 (1) borrow意思为“借入”,常常与from连用,是非延续性动词,表示瞬间即能完成的动作。 (2) lend 是“借出”之意,常常与to连用,同borrow一样,是非延续性动词,只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。 (3) keep是“保存”的意思,动作可以延续。 1.Meimei a book from the library just now. 2.Uncle Wang has his car to Mr Li. 3.How long can the recorder be ? 4、bring, take, carry, get和fetch的用法辨析 (1) bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。 (2) take意思是“拿走”,“带走”,把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。 (3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思,指随身携带,有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义,不表明来去的方向。 (4) get是去某处将某物拿回来。 (5) fetch 指往返,去了又回来,到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来。 1.May I Jim to see you next Saturday? 2.It looks like rain. a raincoat with you. 3.Do you always a handbag? 4.Please go to my office to some chalk. 5.Can you the book for me at once? 5、wear, put on和dress的用法辨析 (1) wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思,可用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等,强调“穿着”的状态。如: (2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。如: (3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词,有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时,只用于穿衣服,不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时,它的宾语是人,不是衣服。dress sb.(给某人穿衣服),而wear作“穿着”用时,也是及物动词,但它的宾语是物,不是人,即wear sth.(穿着衣物)。 1.Tom always black shoes. 2.It’s cold. You’d better your coat. 3.She always well. 6、take, spend, pay和cost的用法辨析 (1) take指做某事用多少时间。句型是:It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth. (2) spend指某人在某事(物)上花费时间或钱。句型是:Sb spends + money/time + on something / (in) doing sth. (3) cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型:sth. +(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气。 (4) pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型:sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物。 1.It me three days to finish the work. 2.He much time (in) correcting students’ exercises. 3.How much does a house like this ? 4.I him twenty dollars for the book. 7、reach, get 和arrive的用法辨析 (1) reach是及物动词,后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。 (2) get是不及动词,常与to连用,再接名词,后面接表示地点的副词时,不用to,get to常用于口语中。 (3) arrive是不及物动词,表示到达一个小地方时,用arrive at, 到达一个大地方时用arrive in。后面接表示地点的副词时,不用at/in。 1.After the train had left, they the station. 2.When the students to the cinema, the film had begun. 3.The soldiers at a small village 8、accept和receive的用法辨析 (1) receive 通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”,接不接受是另一回事,receive多是接受实际的东西,如信件,礼物等。 (2) accept 则指主动地“接受”,accept多是接受抽象的东西,如想法,表扬,批评,道歉等。 (3) 表示“接见”、“接待”时,要用 receive 而不用 accept。 1.On my twentieth birthday I several gifts. 我二十岁生日那天我收到好几份礼物。 2.She offered him a lift and he (it). 她请他坐她的车,他就领情了。 3.She received his present, but she didn’t it. 她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受。 4.She was warmly . 她受到热情接待。 9、join, join in, take part in和attend的用法辨析 (1) join多指参加组织、团体、党派等,后面跟人时表示和某人一起参加某项活动。 (2) join in指参加某项游戏或活动。 (3) take part in多指参加群众性的活动、运动、会议等。 (4) )attend是正式用语,指参加会议、婚礼、典礼;听报告、讲座等。 1.He the army in 2010. 他在2010年参军。 2.They all singing the song. 他们一起唱这首歌。 3.How many countries will the World Cup? 有多少个国家要参加世界杯? 4.He’ll an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要会议。 10、die, dead, death和dying的用法辨析 (1) die是动词,意为“死,去世”,为短暂性动词,不能与延续性时间连用,表延续性用be dead。 (2) dead是形容词,意为“死的”,表示状态。 (3) death是名词,意为“死(亡)”。 (4) dying为die的现在分词,也可作形容词,表“垂死的,濒于死亡边缘的,枯萎的”之意。 1.She has been for 3 years. 她去世三年了。 2.She three years ago. 她三年前去世。 3.Her is remembered by us forever. 他的过世永远铭刻在我们的心中。 4.She is . 她快要死了。 11、lose, fail, beat, win和defeat的用法辨析 (1) lose意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为lose to sb.。 (2) fail意为“失败”或“未做成某事”。 (3) beat意为“打败”,后接sb.或某支队伍。如: (4) win意为“赢得”,如赢得荣誉、比赛、地位等。 (5) defeat意为“击败,战胜,使失败,挫折”。 1.Unluckily we the match to Class Three. 不幸的是我们比赛输给了三班。 2.Our plan has . 我们的计划失败了。 3.Class Three us 5-0. 三班以5∶0打败了我们。 4.I am sure to the match. 我一定能赢得比赛。 5.The enemy was . 敌人被打败了。 12、look for, find和find out的用法辨析 (1) look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作。 (2) find意为“找到”“发现”,强调“找”的结果,其宾语往往是某个丢失的东西或人。 (3) find out着重表示通过理解、分析、思考、询问等“弄清楚”“查明”一件事情,其后的宾语常常是某个情况、事实。 1.He began to a new job immediately after he was fired. 他被解雇后立即开始寻找一份新工作。 2.---- Did you Li Ming yesterday? 你昨天找到李明了吗? 3.He a few coins in the car. 他在汽车里捡到几枚硬币。 4.Please when the train leaves.请查一下火车什么时候离站。 13、listen to和hear的用法辨析 (1) listen为不及物动词,与to构成固定搭配,强调听的动作。如: (2) hear 强调听的结果。 1. ! There is a girl singing outside. 听,外面有个女孩在唱歌。 2.I your words. 我听到你说的话了 14、lose, forget和leave的用法辨析 (1) lose意为“丢失,失去”。东西失去了,找不回来了。 (2) forget意为“忘记”,大脑中不再存在此类信息。后可跟名词、代词、不定式和动名词。 (3)“leave sth.+地点”意为“把某物落在某处”。 1.I my watch. 我的表丢失了(我丢失了表)。 2.I taking my DC with me. 我忘了已经把我的DC带上了。 3.I my watch at home. 我把表忘在家里了。 15、think of, think about和think over的用法辨析 (1) think of意为“想到/起……”。 (2) think about意为“考虑”宾语it或them置后。 (3) think over意为“仔细考虑”,宾语it或them放在中间,一般指考虑问题。 1.I can’t his name. 我想不起他的名字。 2.What do you it? 你认为这件事怎么样? 3.We need several days to this matter . 我们需要几天的时间把这件事情仔细考虑一下。 16、used to do sth., be used to doing sth.和be used to do sth. 的用法辨析 (1) used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事。 (2) be used to doing. 表示习惯做某事,to 后的动词用-ing形式。 (3) be used to do sth. 指被用来做什么。 1.I used to up at six in the morning. 2.I’m used to up early. 基础巩固 一.单项选择 1.(2024·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Whose volleyball is this? —It ________ be Lucy’s. She loves volleyball. A.can’t B.must C.mustn’t 2.(2024·山东青岛·二模)—Look! The man at the gate __________ be our headmaster. He almost stands there every morning. —No, it _________ be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now. A.can; can’t B.must; mustn’t C.must; can’t D.might; mustn’t 3.(2024·山东菏泽·一模)—Hanfu lovers __________ walking down the street in many cities. —Well, wearing hanfu helps to understand the Chinese culture. A.can be found B.must be found C.must find 4.(2024·山东淄博·二模)—What about the food on the plate? —It ______ delicious. A.smelling B.smelt C.smells D.is smelt 5.(2024·山东菏泽·一模)—The paper cutting is pretty lively. Who made it? —It ________ be Mary. None of us except her is able to do it. A.can B.must C.need 6.(2024·山东菏泽·一模)—Look! The man at the gate ______ be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning. —No, it ______ be him. He is holding a meeting in his office now. A.mustn’t; can’t B.can’t; mustn’t C.must; can’t 7.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)—You ________ be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs. —Yes. I’ll take a deep rest and make myself comfortable. A.may B.may not C.must D.can’t 8.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)—Rebecca, have you decided what to do this Saturday? —Not yet. I ______ volunteer at the old people’s home. A.may B.must C.should D.would 9.(2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测)—If you don’t want to get into trouble, please don’t ________ any small mistakes. —No. I won’t. A.came out B.leave out C.get out D.put out 10.(2024·广西南宁·三模)You should take this medicine according to the instructions, even if it ________ bad. A.sounds B.tastes C.feels 11.(2023滨州)—Our parents often     us not to talk with strangers on the Internet.  —That's true. As teenagers, we should learn to protect ourselves. A.warn     B.invite C.control     D.promise 12.(2022菏泽)—A new high-speed railway began to     service at Hezedong Railway Station on December 26, 2021.  —Wonderful. It is very convenient for us to travel. A.offer     B.enjoy     C.organize 13.(2022东营)WeChat(微信) is widely used in our daily life, but we'd better not     requests from strangers.  A.avoid     B.delete     C.accept     D.refuse 14. (2021菏泽)—Is anything worth seeing in Xi'an? —Yes. Don't     the amazing Terracotta Army.   A.offer       B.miss       C.share 15.(2021东营)—What a great success the film Hi, Mom has made! —That's true. So far it has     tens of millions of people to go to the cinema.  A.attracted     B.expected C.requested     D.encouraged 16.(2020日照)It's good for us to     a good habit of reading.  A.develop     B.choose C.accept     D.pick 二.单句填空 1.(2023泰安)Mr. Zhang is an experienced teacher. He has t     geography for over thirty years.  2.(2023泰安)To avoid w    food, our school held a “Clear Your Plate” activity.  3.(2023日照)Jack's bike went wrong and he will r     it this afternoon.  4.(2023日照)You had better     (解释) it to our teacher, not to me.  5.(2023济宁)13 Chinese scientific researchers r     the top of Mt. Qomolangma on May 23, 2023.  6.(2022济宁)I usually     (借) some books from our school library.   7.(2022临沂)Baby pandas only      about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos when they're born. (weight)  能力提升 一.单词拼写 1.(2024·西藏·中考真题)You must clean your room. Could you please (not throw) your books everywhere? 2.(2024·四川内江·中考真题)—Oh, my pen is broken. Could you please l your pen to me? —Of course. Here you are! 3.(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)I can’t (同意) that pupils bring their mobile phones to school. 4.(2024·云南·中考真题)The bus was so crowded that they had to the next one.  (等待) 5.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)The car is too expensive. I can’t a it. 6.(2024·四川自贡·中考真题)You’d better study for the test, or you may f in it. 7.(2024·江苏南京·二模)Sometimes he makes the stick so small that he can (keep) it in his ear. 8.(2024·安徽六安·模拟预测)As long as we work together and never give up, we can o (克服) all the difficulties. 9.(2024·四川成都·二模)As students in Grade Nine,we are too busy to a a holiday before the final examination. 10.(2024·江苏南京·三模)Sleeping late can (导致) poor sleep quality and influence memory and mood. 11.(2024·安徽芜湖·一模)We must stand up to show our welcome when a guest e (进入) the house. 12.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)You shouldn’t m (做记号) a book which isn’t yours, or you will be punished. 13.(2024·云南昆明·二模)You’d better not to your parents or teachers, which is very impolite.(顶嘴) 14.(2024·云南昭通·三模)If everyone could strictly , the accident wouldn’t happen. (遵守交通规则) 15.(2024·江苏南京·二模)Could you (借给) me your pencil for a while? I left mine at home. 16.(2024·江苏扬州·二模)I wonder how long I can the book and how to renew it. (借) 17.(2024·安徽马鞍山·三模)One must s (开始) with easy things before dealing with difficult ones. 18.(2024·江苏宿迁·一模)Can you (想象) what life might be like without mobile phones or Internet? 19.(2024·辽宁辽阳·二模)As long as Tom works hard, he can (success) in solving problems. 20.(2024·西藏日喀则·二模)To protect the environment, we should (捡起) the litter when we see it. 21.(2024·西藏日喀则·二模)Scientists think that we may (建立) stations on the moon by using the moon’s own materials. 22.(2024·江苏南京·二模)Going to college can (标志) the beginning of new life. 23.(2024·四川德阳·一模)I could c the train because my uncle gave me a lift to the train station. 24.(2024·山东日照·三模)Nothing can s Taiwan from our motherland. 25.(2024·山东泰安·二模)Nobody can (避免) making a mistake at some point in their life. 26.(2024·山东日照·二模)China’s railway network can (连接) most cities and the government plans to build on it further. 27.(2024·山东济宁·二模)This website may (提供) you with more useful information. 28.(2024·江苏无锡·二模)Because of the coming storm, the Organizing Committee had to (取消) some events. 29.(2024·山东济宁·一模)Nancy is sad now. We’d better a mentioning the terrible matter. 30.(2024·山东济宁·二模)Though ChatGPT has many advantages, we can’t d on it completely. 31.(2024·山东济宁·二模)I must (归还) the books to the library before Friday. 32.(2024·山东济宁·一模)I sent you a message on WeChat last night, but you did not r . 33.(2024·山东烟台·二模)The actions and words of some famous people can (影响) their followers a lot. 34.(2024·山东济宁·一模)Peter, the floor is dirty. Could you please (扫) it? 35.(2024·山东济宁·一模)You should a driving after drink. It’s so dangerous. 36.(2024·四川内江·三模)From now on, we must v time and do something meaningful. 37.(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·二模)You shouldn’t (触摸) your eyes, nose or mouth before washing hands. 38.(2024·江苏南京·三模)Because of the new international situations, we should (保卫,防范) against any possible danger. 39.(2024·安徽阜阳·一模)Success is not how high you can r (到达), but how you make a difference to the world. 40.(2024·吉林白山·二模)When we feel tired, we can l to light music to make us relax. 动词短语 短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。 考点1 短语动词的构成 1. 短语动词的构成: 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 21 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 (1) 动词+介词:常见的有 arrive at/in到达; ask for寻求,索要; agree with sb. 同意某人的观点; belong to属于; depend on依靠,依赖; fall off跌落; feed on以……为食; get to到达; get up起床; hear of听说; hear from收到某人的来信; help…with…帮助(某人)做(某事); knock at/on敲(门、窗); look for寻找; look after照看;照顾; look like看上去像……; look over(仔细)检查; listen to听……; laugh at嘲笑; pay for为……付钱; stop…from… 阻止……做……; talk to/with对……说,和……谈话; talk about谈论; think of想起; think about考虑; wait for等候。 这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。 如:Don’t laugh at others. // Tom asked his parents for a bike. (2) 动词+副词(有的用作及物动词,有的用作不及物动词):常见的有 bring out取出; blow out 吹灭; clean up清扫,收拾干净; cheer up使高兴起来;使振作; come back/go back回来/回去; come round (走)过来; come out (花)开,出来,出版; come over顺便来访; check out核实,检查; eat up吃光; fall behind落后; fall down跌倒; find out 找出,查明; give back归还; get back取回; get over克服; get on上车; get off下车; grow up长大; give away分发; give up放弃; hand in上交; hurry up赶快; look out小心; look up查找; look around环顾,到处看; pick up捡起,开车接; put (sth) down把某物放下来; put away收拾好; put on穿上; put up举起; put off推迟; put out扑灭,熄灭; pick up捡起; run away逃跑,逃走; slow down减缓,减速; set off出发,动身; think over 仔细考虑; tidy up收拾,整理; turn on/off打开/关上; turn up/down 调大/调小; take out取出; take off脱下。 这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:Please don’t forget to hand it in. (3) 动词+名词:常见的有 do one’s homework做作业; do one’s best尽某人最大努力; go boating/swimming/shopping去划船/去游泳/去购物; have a cold/a cough/a headache患感冒/咳嗽/头痛; have a try尝试;努力;have a look看一看; have a rest休息; have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早/午/晚餐; have fun玩得高兴; hold a sports meeting 举行运动会; lose heart丧失信心; make a decision作出决定; make a mistake/mistakes犯错误; make a noise吵闹; make faces 做鬼脸; make friends交朋友; make money赚钱; play chess下象棋; take turns轮流; take photos照相; take place发生。 这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如: This story took place three years ago. // I make friends with a lot of people. (4) 动词+副词+介词:常见的有 catch up with赶上; come up with找到,提出(答案、解决办法等); do well in在……方面做得好; get on/along well with与……相处融洽; look forward to盼望,期待; run out of用完。 这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes. (5) 动词+名词+介词:常见的有 take (good) care of (好好)照顾; give thanks to向某人致谢; pay attention to注意; say goodbye/hello/sorry to向某人道别/打招呼/道歉; make use of使用,利用; make fun of取笑; take pride in为……感动骄傲/自豪。 这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如: You should pay attention to your handwriting. // We should make full use of our time. (5) 动词+形容词:常见的有 leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如: The prisoners were set free. // He cut it open. 2. 初中常用短语动词辨析 (1) agree with 同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、见解); agree to同意(计划、办法); agree to do sth. 同意做某事。 (2) be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出; be at home/work 在家/上班; be good at 善于,擅长于; be careful of 当心,注意,仔细; be covered with 被……复盖; be ready for 为……作好准备; be surprised (at) 对……觉得惊讶; be interested in 对……感兴趣; be on 在进行,在上演,(灯)亮着; be able to do sth. 能够做……; be afraid of (to do sth. that…) 惧怕……(不敢做……,恐怕……); be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气; be pleased (with) 对……觉得愉快(满意); be famous for 以……而著名; be strict in (with) (对工作、对人)严格要求; be from 来自……,什么地方人; be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了/渴了/累了; be worried 担忧; be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做……; be covered with 被……所覆盖……; be in (great) need of (很)需要; be in trouble 处于困境中; be glad to do sth. 很愉快做……; be late for ……迟到; be made of (from) 由……制成; be satisfied with 对……觉得满意; be free 空闲的,有空; be (ill) in bed 卧病在床; be busy doing (with) 忙于做……(忙于……); be proud of对……感到自豪; be good at/do well in doing sth 擅长做某事; be supposed to do sth 应该做某事; be used for doing sth/be used to do sth 被用来做某事; be/get used to doing sth 习惯做某事; be used to do sth 被用来做 be made in在……生产或制造; be made of由……制成(看得出原材料); be made from由……制成(看不出原材料); belong to属于; break off中断; begin with以……开始。 (3) come back回来; come across 偶遇; come home回家; come down下来; come along来,随同; come true实现; come out花开,发芽,出现,出来,出版; come over过来,顺便来访; come in进来; come into进入; come into use开始使用; come on来吧,跟着来,赶快,加油; come from来自; come to oneself苏醒; come up with找到,提出; clean up把……打扫干净; cheer up使……高兴起来; consist of由……组成。 (4) do/try one’s best尽最大努力; do well in在……干得好; do one’s homework做作业; do some reading阅读; dream of梦想; depend on取决于,依靠; dress up装扮 drop by顺便拜访。 (5) fall asleep入睡; fall behind落在……后面; fall off从……掉下; fall down倒下,跌倒。 (6) get down下来,落下; get on上车; get to到达; get up起床; get back回来,取回; get back回到; get off下车(船、飞机、马); get on well with与……相处融洽; get married结婚; get together相聚; get over克服; get away离开,逃离; get home到家; get into进入,陷入; get out (of)(从……)出来。 (7) give up放弃; give…a hand给与……帮助; give a concert开音乐会; give in 屈服,让步,投降; give out筋疲力尽、累倒、耗尽、用完; give away泄露、赠送; give off放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)。 (8) go back回去; go on继续; go home回家; go over温习,复习; go out外出,到外面; go into走进; go away走开; go up上升,攀登; go down下沉,下降; go for为……而去; go through经历; go by时间流逝,从旁边经过; go wrong走错路; go to bed睡觉; go to school 去上学; go to the doctor 去看医生; go straight along沿着……一直往前走; go on doing继续做某事; go shopping/boating/fishing/hiking/skating/dancing/camping去买东西/划船/去钓鱼/去徒步旅行/去滑冰/去跳舞/野营; go out of one’s way to do sth特地做某事。 (9) have a look看一看; have a seat坐下; have supper吃晚餐; have a rest休息; have sports进行体育活动; have a cold感冒; have a cough咳嗽; have a good time过得愉快; have a headache头痛; have a try尝试,努力。 (10) look for寻找; look out留神,注意; look over仔细检查; look up向上看,抬头看; look after照顾,照看; look at看……; look like看起来像; look the same看起来一样; look forward to盼望,期待; look through 浏览; look into调查; laugh at嘲笑; (11) let…down使……失望。 make friends交朋友; make phone calls打电话; make money赚钱; make the bed整理床铺; make a noise吵闹; make a face做鬼脸; make one’s way to往……走去; make room for给……腾出地方; make a decision做出决定; make a mistake犯错误; make up one’s mind下决心; mix up混合在一起; make a living谋生; make progress取得进步; make sb feel at home使某人感到宾至如归; make sb. do sth.让某人做某事; make up编造,虚构。 (12) put on上演,穿上,戴上; put up挂起,举起; put down把某物放下来; put away把某物收起来; put off推迟; put out扑灭,熄灭; put back放回; pick up捡起; pass on传递; pay for付……的账。 (13) take off脱掉衣服; take away拿走; take photos照相; take time花费时间; take out取出; take in吸收,上当; take on 雇佣,呈现; take up占据时间、空间,开始从事,拿起; take a seat坐下; take an active part in积极参加; take care of照顾,照料; take exercise做运动; take one’s place坐某人的位置,代替某人的职务; take turn轮流; take it easy放松,不紧张; take pride in对……感到自豪; talk about谈话,交谈; talk with和……交谈。 (14) turn on打开电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等; turn off关上电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等; turn up开大; turn down关小,调低; turn…over把……翻过来; turn…into…把……变成……; turn to朝向。 (15) think of认为,想起; think about考虑; think up想出; think over仔细考虑。 基础巩固 一.单项选择 1.(2023滨州)—Do you know the astronaut Wang Yaping? —Sure. She is a great woman who can     her dreams. I really look up to her.  A.pay for     B.stick to     C.lay out     D.set out 2.(2022菏泽)—Have you ever     the program of WWF?  —Yes, I have. I am one of the local wild aid members. A.taken care of     B.got used to C.taken part in 3.(2022东营)—Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu have safely come back from space. —Great! All Chinese     them.  A.hear from     B.look after C.get on with     D.take pride in 4.(2021滨州)Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist. When he was a child, he liked to     how things worked.  A.set out     B.find out     C.leave out     D.bring out 5.(2021菏泽) —Do you think it necessary for teenagers to learn cooking at home? —Sure. Cooking is     an important part of education in China.   A.prepared for     B.regarded as C.compared with 6.(2020青岛)Please remember to     the electricity and water before you leave the laboratory.  A.take off     B.shut off C.go off     D.put off 7.(2020济南)You don't need to     every new word in the dictionary while reading English novels.  A.look up     B.look for     C.look through   D.look after 综合练习 Ⅰ.单项选择 1.(2023滨州二模)—I heard you went to the doctor this morning. —That's true. But you     worry about me. It's nothing serious.  A.needn't     B.won't     C.mustn't     D.can't 2.(2023滨州一模)—How do you like the strawberry, Judy? —It     sweet. I'd like to have more.  A.sounds     B.looks     C.smells     D.tastes 3.(2023滨州阳信集团校二模)—Hurry up, Jack. We need to     your uncle at the airport in two hours.  —OK, Dad. I'm ready. Let's go. A.pick up    B.give up C.set up     D.take up 4.(2023东营二模)—A famous person once said:“If you can follow your heart and never    , your dream will come true.”  —I think so. I will try my best to achieve my dream. A.give away   B.give back C.give out   D.give up 5.(2023青岛一模)—Danny, come and     the blue jeans.  —Wow, they look really nice on me! Thanks, Mom! A.try on     B.take off C.put away   D.throw away 6.(2023菏泽一模)Don't go out if you have the flu. You     stay at home.  A.should    B.may     C.will 7.(2023菏泽二模)Wang Ming wants to be an astronaut when he grows up. He     going to the Tiangong space station one day.  A.is used to B.would like to C.looks forward to 8.(2023青岛一模)Cooking classes can help students to     themselves.  A.look for     B.take up C.look after     D.take off 9.(2023滨州一模)—Can you come to my birthday party tomorrow evening? —Sorry. I can't. I     visit my sick grandmother in hospital.  A.may     B.can C.have to     D.had better 10.(2023东营一模)—Some Chinese government officers have turned into live streamers(网络主播). —Yes. They are trying their best to help local farmers to     product sales.  A.change     B.compare C.afford     D.improve 11.(2023菏泽一模)What our parents said and did has     us a lot. So our behaviors are always like theirs.  A.helped     B.required C.influenced 12.(2023青岛二模)Your homework is well done. Just     some small mistakes in it.  A.create     B.admire C.correct     D.control 13.(2023滨州阳信集团校二模)—How did you come to Jinan? —By high-speed rail. It     me only one hour to get here.  A.spent     B.paid     C.cost     D.took 14.(2023青岛一模)After finishing the interview, Bob was    again and asked some other questions before he left that company.   A.called on     B.called in C.called out     D.called up 15.(2023青岛一模)—Matt, could I use your new car next Friday? —Yes, you    .  A.could     B.should     C.will     D.can 16.(2022青岛一模)Shenzhen recently opened the country's first pet center to     the pets while their masters are not at home.  A.look up to     B.run out of C.keep away from  D.take care of 17.(2022东营一模)Life is full of challenges. We should hope for the best and     for the worst.  A.practise     B.produce C.prepare     D.provide 18.(2022滨州一模)—Have you decided which high school to choose? —Not yet. I     go to Guangming High School.  A.must     B.shouldn't C.may     D.needn't 19.(2022青岛一模)—Mary, come and eat your breakfast. —Mom, I     go now, or I will miss the school bus.  A.may     B.must     C.can     D.might 二.单句填空 1.(2023日照北京路中学一模)It's wise of parents not to     (强迫) their children to do what they dislike.  2.(2023济宁二模)We should learn to     (拒绝) the bad things.  3.(2023济宁一模)Could you please r     your address? I didn't hear you clearly.  4.(2023东营市实验中学一模)More of my classmates were making fun of me. I wanted to h     under my desk. I soon felt tears(眼泪) running down.  5.(2023泰安二模)Yesterday Zhao Linlin invited me to her party and I     (接受) her invitation happily.  6.(2023济宁一模)She has to     (付费) for the book lost.  7.(2023德州一模)But I know she     (stand) the cold because her legs hurt. I'm very worried about her.  8.(2023四川成都)Wu Yuren, a 73-year-old professor from Tongji University,e     difficult physics knowledge in a simple way on Douyin to help children develop interest in science.  9.(2023浙江杭州)I like to follow the story and see what will h     next.  10.(2022日照一模)My English isn't good enough, so I must try my best to i   it.  11.(2023济宁一模)Jack p     well in the music talent show yesterday.  12.(2023菏泽一模)Work harder, and don't     (使……失望) your parents.  13.(2023济宁一模)China fully tries to     (保护) the health and safety of its people.  14.(2023泰安一模)Susan wanted to be an artist, and she     (成功) after years of hard work.  15.(2023泰安二模)In many countries, people s     hands with each other when they meet.  16.(2023济宁二模)I like Harry Potter very much. It     (描绘) a brave and clever boy.  17.(2022济宁一模)Almost every kid likes to play with me because I always s     my toys with others.  18.(2022泰安一模)Don't forget to      (表扬) the kids sincerely when they do something good.  能力提升 完形填空 A There is a saying in English: An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Don't you think that I'm very great? I have many vitamins(维生素) inside. They are good for you. I really wish to make you happy and healthy, so don't forget to  1  me as often as you can. But I also need your love; if you want to make me taste better, you must  2  me well. Thank you for your love. I'll try to grow well and  3  sweeter. Then you will like to eat me a lot more.   1.A.eat B.drink C.find D.cook 2.A.look for B.look after C.look up D.look out 3.A.become B.feel C.sound D.look B Some years ago, one of my students told me she was feeling down. She had worked hard to get into a good university, and it had paid off: after years of hard work and many nights of too little sleep, she had  1  , and here she was. Although she was enjoying her university studies for the most part, she found herself strangely unmotivated(不感兴趣的). When she  2  in the morning, she said, she felt no spark(活力), no joy. A few weeks after this conversation, I ran into her again, and found that she was feeling much happier: her eyes shone, and she was full of energy. It turned out she had learned about a particularly useful internship(实习) and decided to  3  it.   1.A.succeeded B.failed C.passed D.progressed 2.A.woke up B.gave up C.stayed up D.cheered up 3.A.ask for B.pay for C.go for D.look for 二.语法填空 阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Wang Damin is an old fisherman. Although he is over 65, he is very 1.     (health) and enjoys 2.     (work). He uses cormorants 3.     (catch) fish. Cormorants are large black birds. They are good 4.      catching fish and can stay under the water for up to two minutes. Wang Damin usually sets off in the late afternoon and gets the cormorants ready for work. First, he ties 5.      piece of grass around their neck to stop them from 6.     (eat) big fish, and then Damin pushes them into the river. He uses several ways to attract fish. During the day he jumps up and down on his boat. After dark, he hangs a light on a post at the front of the boat. The cormorants bring the fish back to the boat. The fish are then taken and thrown into a big basket by Damin. No nets 7.     (require) for this type of fishing. Cormorant fishing was once practised in a lot of 8.     (place) in southeast China, and there were many fishermen in the area. But today few people are 9.     (interest) in it. In fifty years, maybe there 10.     (be) no more cormorant fishermen in the world.  $$第05讲 动词和动词短语 目录 动词 2 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究 3 考点一 动词的分类 3 考点二 实义动词 4 考点三 连系动词 5 考点四 助动词 5 考点五 情态动词 6 考点六 容易混淆的常用动词和词组的用法辨析 8 分层训练·巩固提升 13 基础巩固 13 能力提升 18 动词短语 25 考点1 短语动词的构成 25 1. 短语动词的构成: 25 2. 初中常用短语动词辨析 27 分层训练·巩固提升 32 基础巩固 32 综合练习 33 能力提升 38 动词 考情透视·目标导航 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 动词分类 掌握实义动词,连系动词,助动词,情态动词的考点 (日照:3年16考;滨州:3年15考;菏泽:3年20考) 对动词和动词短语的考查常出现在中考试题中的单项选择、完形填空、语法填空和书面表达中。在语篇型填空中,给出动词,要求考生在设空出填出与之搭配的介词或者副词。预计2025年的中考动词和动词短语考查语境复杂化和综合化的特点。 动词短语‌ 掌握1. 短语动词的构成 2. 初中常用短语动词辨析 ‌ ‌ 考点一 动词的分类 类 别 意 义 例 句 实义 动词 含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。 They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆。 I’m reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。 连系 动词 起到连系主语和表语的作用,像一纽带,把主语和表语“系”在一起。 His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。 The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。 助动词 本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词(原形)一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。 He is a student. Is he a student? Yes,/No. He plays basketball. Plays he basketball. 助动词 Does he play basketball? Does he plays basketball? He doesn’t speak English. 他不说英语。 We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球。 Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟吗? I haven’t seen you for a long time. 我好久没有见到你。 情态 动词 本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。 She can keep the books for two weeks. 这些书你能借两个星期。 May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗? We must go now. 我们现在必须走了。 考点二 实义动词 关于实义动词: ① 英语的实义动词又可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两大类:后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词;本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词。 及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。 例如:She can sing. 她能唱歌。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) ② 有些动词通常只作不及物动词。如:go,come,happen,lie,listen,rise,arrive,hall等。 有些动词通常用作及物动词。如:say, raise, lay, find, buy等。 ③ 大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如:study, sing等。 ④ 有些动词作及物动词与作不及物动词时的意义有所不同。如:know, wash等。 ⑤ 有些动词常和介词、副词或其它词类一起构成固定词组,形成短语动词。如:listen,reply,wait,loo 延续性动词与非延续性动词(瞬间动词) 延续性动词表示可延续的动作和状态,能与时间段连用。 The greens have lived here since ten years ago. 格林一家在这里住了十年了。 非延续性动词表示的动作一发生即结束,一般不与时间段连用。 die v.死亡 如“狗死了一个星期了”应说成 “the dog has been dead for a week” 而不能说“the dog has died for a week”; “会议开始半小时了”应说成 “the meeting has been on for half an hour” 而不能说“the meeting has started for half an hour”。 考点三 连系动词 关于连系动词: 连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词。 常见的连系动词有: ★感官类系动词有look (看起来),sound (听起来),smell(闻起来),taste (尝起来),feel(觉得),touch (摸起来)等。 Her voice sounds beautiful. 她的声音听起来很动人。 This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来(手感)很软。 ★变化类系动词有become, turn, get, grow等。 His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。 The man grew rich within a short time. 那个人在很短的时间内就变富了。 ★状态类系动词有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand等。 The weather remains old. 天气依然很冷。 Why he remains a secret. 他为何离开仍然时一个谜。 ★表像类系动词有 look, seem, appear。 He looks happy. 他看起来很幸福。 He seems(to be)very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也跟着变化:look(看→看起来)、feel(感觉、摸→感到)、smell(闻、嗅→闻起来)、taste(尝→尝起来)、turn(翻转、转动→变得)、grow(生长→变得)、get(得到、到达→变得)、go(去→变得),所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词。 考点四 助动词 关于助动词: 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来: a. 表示时态,例如:He is singing. 他在唱歌。    He has got married. 他已结婚。 b. 表示语态,例如:He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句,例如:Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?    Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气,例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。    He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。 ①常见的助动词有:用于进行时和被动语态的be (am, is, are ,was, were, been, being ) ;用于完成时的have(has,had,having) ;用于将来时的shall (should) ; will (would)和用于一般时的do(does,did) . ②助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式,其中有些助动词也可作情态动词。如:shall, should, will, would. 考点五 情态动词 常见的情态动词有:can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), have to, need等。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。介词+doing 助动词(do,does,did)、情态动词+do 1.can和could(could you please...)的用法 表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。如: Can you finish this work tonight? 能力 Man cannot live without air. 可能性 — Can I go now?   — Yes, you can.请求和允许 【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She be there, I have just been there.  A.can’t B.may not C.mustn’t D.needn’t 注意: could也可表示请求,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can(即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。如: Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. (否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.) can表示能力时,还可用be able to代替。如: I'll not be able to come this afternoon. 2.may和might的用法 1)表示许可。 表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时要用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如: You may drive the car. — Might I use your pen?   — Yes, you can/may./No, you can’t/ mustn't. 用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。 【例题】—______ I borrow your MP3? —Sure. Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would 2) 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如:祝你成功! May you succeed! 3)表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。他现在可能很忙。 He may be very busy now. maybe adv.可能 3.must和have to的用法 1) 表示必须、必要。如:You must come in time. 回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to。 — Must we hand in our exercise books today? — Yes, you must. /No, you don’t have to/needn’t. 2) “must be + 表语”的结构表示对现在的推测,它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。  这肯定是你的笔吧。 This must be your pen. have to的含义与must相似,两者往往可以互换使用,但have to有各种形式,随have的变化而定。 must与have to有下列几点不同: (a)must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要。如: The play is not interesting. I really must go now. 我现在必须得走了 我在你这么大的时候必须得工作。 I had to work when I was your age. (b)must一般只表现在,have to则有更多的时态形式。 (c)二者的否定意义不大相同。如:You mustn't go. 你不准去。 You don't have to go. 你不必去。 4.need的用法 1) need表示“需要”或“必须 You needn’t come so early. — Need I finish the work today? — Yes, you must/have to/should/ought to. 2)need 也可以做实义动词,表示“需要”, 人做主语时,为sb. need to do, 物做主语时为 sth. need doing 或 sth. need to be done.如: The garden needs watering=to be watered. I don't think you need to worry about this. 5.shall和should的用法 1) shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如: Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 2)shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如: You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告) He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺) 3)should 应该 =ought to You should do sth. You should answer for what you said. 那你你应该对你说的话负责。 6.will和would的用法 1)表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。如:Would you pass me the book? 2)表示意志、愿望和决心。如:I will never do that again./They asked if we would do that again. 3)表料想或猜想。如: It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there? I thought he would have told you all about it. 7.used to,had better, would rather的用法 1)used to do/ be used to do/be used to doing used to do过去常常做某事(现在已不做) 当他小的时候他常常5点钟就起床。He used to get up at 5 am when he was young. be used to do 被用来做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 2)had better do意为“最好做某事”,后接不带to的不定式。如: — We had better go now. — Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better). 3)would rather do意为“宁愿做某事”,表选择。如: 我宁愿现在什么也不说。I'd rather not say anything. 你宁愿在农场工作吗?Would you rather work on a farm? 考点六 容易混淆的常用动词和词组的用法辨析 1、say, speak, talk, tell的用法辨析 (1) say表示讲话,及物动词,后跟宾语或宾语从句, 强调说话的内容。如: (2) speak表示“讲话”,一般作为不及物动词使用,而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。如:(3) talk表示“谈话”,是不及物动词,与to, about, with等连用,才可以接宾语。如: (4) tell 表示“告诉,讲述”是及物动词,可以带双宾语或复合宾语。如: 1.He said he would go there. 2.Do you speak English? 3.What are you talking about? 2、look, see, watch和read的用法辨析 (1) look强调“看”这个动作,是不及物动词,常与at连用,然后接宾语。 (2) see 指“看见”某物,强调的是结果。 (3) watch 指的是“观看”,“注视”之意。 (4)read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。 1.Look! The girl is swimming in the lake. 2.They can’t see the words on the blackboard. 3.The twins are watching TV now. 4.Don’t read in the sun. 3、borrow, lend和keep的用法辨析 (1) borrow意思为“借入”,常常与from连用,是非延续性动词,表示瞬间即能完成的动作。 (2) lend 是“借出”之意,常常与to连用,同borrow一样,是非延续性动词,只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。 (3) keep是“保存”的意思,动作可以延续。 1.Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now. 2.Uncle Wang has lent his car to Mr Li. 3.How long can the recorder be kept? 4、bring, take, carry, get和fetch的用法辨析 (1) bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。 (2) take意思是“拿走”,“带走”,把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。 (3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思,指随身携带,有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义,不表明来去的方向。 (4) get是去某处将某物拿回来。 (5) fetch 指往返,去了又回来,到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来。 1.May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday? 2.It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you. 3.Do you always carry a handbag? 4.Please go to my office to get some chalk. 5.Can you fetch the book for me at once? 5、wear, put on和dress的用法辨析 (1) wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思,可用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等,强调“穿着”的状态。如: (2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。如: (3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词,有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时,只用于穿衣服,不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时,它的宾语是人,不是衣服。dress sb.(给某人穿衣服),而wear作“穿着”用时,也是及物动词,但它的宾语是物,不是人,即wear sth.(穿着衣物)。 1.Tom always wears black shoes. 2.It’s cold. You’d better put on your coat. 3.She always dresses well. 6、take, spend, pay和cost的用法辨析 (1) take指做某事用多少时间。句型是:It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth. (2) spend指某人在某事(物)上花费时间或钱。句型是:Sb spends + money/time + on something / (in) doing sth. (3) cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型:sth. +(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气。 (4) pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型:sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物。 1.It took me three days to finish the work. 2.He spent much time (in) correcting students’ exercises. 3.How much does a house like this cost? 4.I paid him twenty dollars for the book. 7、reach, get 和arrive的用法辨析 (1) reach是及物动词,后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。 (2) get是不及动词,常与to连用,再接名词,后面接表示地点的副词时,不用to,get to常用于口语中。 (3) arrive是不及物动词,表示到达一个小地方时,用arrive at, 到达一个大地方时用arrive in。后面接表示地点的副词时,不用at/in。 1.After the train had left, they reached the station. 2.When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun. 3.The soldiers arrived at a small village 8、accept和receive的用法辨析 (1) receive 通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”,接不接受是另一回事,receive多是接受实际的东西,如信件,礼物等。 (2) accept 则指主动地“接受”,accept多是接受抽象的东西,如想法,表扬,批评,道歉等。 (3) 表示“接见”、“接待”时,要用 receive 而不用 accept。 1.On my twentieth birthday I received several gifts. 我二十岁生日那天我收到好几份礼物。 2.She offered him a lift and he accepted (it). 她请他坐她的车,他就领情了。 3.She received his present, but she didn’t accept it. 她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受。 4.She was warmly received. 她受到热情接待。 9、join, join in, take part in和attend的用法辨析 (1) join多指参加组织、团体、党派等,后面跟人时表示和某人一起参加某项活动。 (2) join in指参加某项游戏或活动。 (3) take part in多指参加群众性的活动、运动、会议等。 (4) )attend是正式用语,指参加会议、婚礼、典礼;听报告、讲座等。 1.He joined the army in 2010. 他在2010年参军。 2.They all join in singing the song. 他们一起唱这首歌。 3.How many countries will take part in the World Cup? 有多少个国家要参加世界杯? 4.He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要会议。 10、die, dead, death和dying的用法辨析 (1) die是动词,意为“死,去世”,为短暂性动词,不能与延续性时间连用,表延续性用be dead。 (2) dead是形容词,意为“死的”,表示状态。 (3) death是名词,意为“死(亡)”。 (4) dying为die的现在分词,也可作形容词,表“垂死的,濒于死亡边缘的,枯萎的”之意。 1.She has been dead for 3 years. 她去世三年了。 2.She died three years ago. 她三年前去世。 3.Her death is remembered by us forever. 他的过世永远铭刻在我们的心中。 4.She is dying. 她快要死了。 11、lose, fail, beat, win和defeat的用法辨析 (1) lose意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为lose to sb.。 (2) fail意为“失败”或“未做成某事”。 (3) beat意为“打败”,后接sb.或某支队伍。如: (4) win意为“赢得”,如赢得荣誉、比赛、地位等。 (5) defeat意为“击败,战胜,使失败,挫折”。 1.Unluckily we lost the match to Class Three. 不幸的是我们比赛输给了三班。 2.Our plan has failed. 我们的计划失败了。 3.Class Three beat us 5-0. 三班以5∶0打败了我们。 4.I am sure to win the match. 我一定能赢得比赛。 5.The enemy was defeated. 敌人被打败了。 12、look for, find和find out的用法辨析 (1) look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作。 (2) find意为“找到”“发现”,强调“找”的结果,其宾语往往是某个丢失的东西或人。 (3) find out着重表示通过理解、分析、思考、询问等“弄清楚”“查明”一件事情,其后的宾语常常是某个情况、事实。 1.He began to look for a new job immediately after he was fired. 他被解雇后立即开始寻找一份新工作。 2.---- Did you find Li Ming yesterday? 你昨天找到李明了吗? 3.He found a few coins in the car. 他在汽车里捡到几枚硬币。 4.Please find out when the train leaves.请查一下火车什么时候离站。 13、listen to和hear的用法辨析 (1) listen为不及物动词,与to构成固定搭配,强调听的动作。如: (2) hear 强调听的结果。 1.Listen! There is a girl singing outside. 听,外面有个女孩在唱歌。 2.I heard your words. 我听到你说的话了 14、lose, forget和leave的用法辨析 (1) lose意为“丢失,失去”。东西失去了,找不回来了。 (2) forget意为“忘记”,大脑中不再存在此类信息。后可跟名词、代词、不定式和动名词。 (3)“leave sth.+地点”意为“把某物落在某处”。 1.I lost my watch. 我的表丢失了(我丢失了表)。 2.I forget taking my DC with me. 我忘了已经把我的DC带上了。 3.I left my watch at home. 我把表忘在家里了。 15、think of, think about和think over的用法辨析 (1) think of意为“想到/起……”。 (2) think about意为“考虑”宾语it或them置后。 (3) think over意为“仔细考虑”,宾语it或them放在中间,一般指考虑问题。 1.I can’t think of his name. 我想不起他的名字。 2.What do you think about it? 你认为这件事怎么样? 3.We need several days to think this matter over. 我们需要几天的时间把这件事情仔细考虑一下。 16、used to do sth., be used to doing sth.和be used to do sth. 的用法辨析 (1) used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事。 (2) be used to doing. 表示习惯做某事,to 后的动词用-ing形式。 (3) be used to do sth. 指被用来做什么。 1.I used to get up at six in the morning. 2.I’m used to getting up early. 基础巩固 一.单项选择 1.(2024·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Whose volleyball is this? —It ________ be Lucy’s. She loves volleyball. A.can’t B.must C.mustn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——这是谁的排球?——一定是露西的。她爱排球。 考查情态动词。can’t不是;must一定;mustn’t禁止。根据“She loves volleyball.”可知此处指肯定推测,用must。故选B。 2.(2024·山东青岛·二模)—Look! The man at the gate __________ be our headmaster. He almost stands there every morning. —No, it _________ be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now. A.can; can’t B.must; mustn’t C.must; can’t D.might; mustn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——看!在大门口的那个人一定是我们的校长。他差不多每天早上站在那。——不,不可能是他。他现在正在办公室开会。 考查情态动词辨析。can能;can’t不能,不可能;must必须,一定;mustn’t禁止;might可以,可能。根据“He almost stands there every morning”可知在大门口的人是校长的可能性很大,应用“must”,而由“He is holding a meeting in the office now”可知,因为校长在开会,所以“不可能”是他,应用can’t表示否定推测,故选C。 3.(2024·山东菏泽·一模)—Hanfu lovers __________ walking down the street in many cities. —Well, wearing hanfu helps to understand the Chinese culture. A.can be found B.must be found C.must find 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——在很多城市的大街上都能看到汉服爱好者。——嗯,穿汉服有助于了解中国文化。 考查被动语态。Hanfu lovers和find之间是动宾关系,因此用被动语态,排除C,根据句意可知,在街上可以看到汉服爱好者,用情态动词can。故选A。 4.(2024·山东淄博·二模)—What about the food on the plate? —It ______ delicious. A.smelling B.smelt C.smells D.is smelt 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——盘子里的食物怎么样?——闻起来很美味。 考查动词时态。根据“It ... delicious.”及选项可知,此处是指闻起来很美味,smell是感官动词,无被动语态,排除D选项;根据语境可知,此处是描述现在的感觉,用一般现在时,主语是It,动词用三单形式smells。故选C。 5.(2024·山东菏泽·一模)—The paper cutting is pretty lively. Who made it? —It ________ be Mary. None of us except her is able to do it. A.can B.must C.need 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——剪纸很生动。是谁做的?——一定是玛丽。除了她我们谁也做不到。 考查情态动词。can能;must一定;need需要。根据“None of us except her is able to do it.”可知除了她我们谁也做不到,所以一定是玛丽做的。故选B。 6.(2024·山东菏泽·一模)—Look! The man at the gate ______ be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning. —No, it ______ be him. He is holding a meeting in his office now. A.mustn’t; can’t B.can’t; mustn’t C.must; can’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——看!门口的那个人一定是我们的校长。他每天早上总是站在那里欢迎我们。——不,不可能是他。他现在正在办公室开会。 考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;can’t不可能;must一定。根据第一个空后的“He is always standing there to welcome us every morning”可知,因为校长每天在校门口,故推测门口的那个人一定是校长,用must;第二个空,因为校长在开会故推测“不可能”是他。故选C。 7.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)—You ________ be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs. —Yes. I’ll take a deep rest and make myself comfortable. A.may B.may not C.must D.can’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你做完那些艰苦的工作后一定很累了。——是的。我要好好休息一下,让自己舒服点。 考查动词辨析。may也许;may not也许不;must一定;can’t不可能。根据“You ... be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs.”可知,此处表示非常肯定的推测,故选C。 8.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)—Rebecca, have you decided what to do this Saturday? —Not yet. I ______ volunteer at the old people’s home. A.may B.must C.should D.would 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——Rebecca,你决定这个星期六做什么了吗?——还没有。我可能会在敬老院做志愿者。 考查情态动词辨析。may可能;must一定;should应该;would将。根据“Not yet”及“volunteer at the old people’s home”可知,还没有做决定,在敬老院做志愿者只是一种可能性,故选A。 9.(2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测)—If you don’t want to get into trouble, please don’t ________ any small mistakes. —No. I won’t. A.came out B.leave out C.get out D.put out 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——如果你不想遇上麻烦,请不要遗漏任何小的错误。——不,我不会。 考查动词短语辨析。came out出来;leave out遗漏;get out逃离;put out扑灭。根据don’t后跟动词原形,排除选项A,再根据“...please don’t...any small mistakes.”可知,不要忽视任何的小错误,leave out“忽视,遗漏”符合语境。故选B。 10.(2024·广西南宁·三模)You should take this medicine according to the instructions, even if it ________ bad. A.sounds B.tastes C.feels 【答案】B 【详解】句意:即使这药味道不好,你也应该按照说明服用。 考查动词辨析。sounds听起来;tastes尝起来;feels感觉。根据上文“You should take this medicine according to the instructions,”可知,此处是指即使药的味道尝起来不好,也要按照说明吃。故选B。 11.(2023滨州)—Our parents often     us not to talk with strangers on the Internet.  —That's true. As teenagers, we should learn to protect ourselves. A.warn     B.invite C.control     D.promise 答案 A 考查动词辨析。根据not to talk with strangers on the Internet 可知,此处说的是父母经常警告我们不要在网上和陌生人交谈。故选A。 12.(2022菏泽)—A new high-speed railway began to     service at Hezedong Railway Station on December 26, 2021.  —Wonderful. It is very convenient for us to travel. A.offer     B.enjoy     C.organize 答案 A 考查动词辨析。根据“Wonderful. It is very convenient for us to travel.”可知,此处指新的高铁开始提供服务。故选A。 13.(2022东营)WeChat(微信) is widely used in our daily life, but we'd better not     requests from strangers.  A.avoid     B.delete     C.accept     D.refuse 答案 C 考查动词辨析。but表示转折,由此可以推断此处想表达的意思是最好不要接受陌生人的请求。故选C。 14. (2021菏泽)—Is anything worth seeing in Xi'an? —Yes. Don't     the amazing Terracotta Army.   A.offer       B.miss       C.share 答案 B 考查动词辨析。问句询问西安值得看的地方,由此推断答语意为 “不要错过令人惊叹的兵马俑”。故选B。 15.(2021东营)—What a great success the film Hi, Mom has made! —That's true. So far it has     tens of millions of people to go to the cinema.  A.attracted     B.expected C.requested     D.encouraged 答案 A 考查动词辨析。根据第一句可知,这部电影很成功,由此推断出它吸引了很多观众去电影院观看。故选A。 16.(2020日照)It's good for us to     a good habit of reading.  A.develop     B.choose C.accept     D.pick 答案 A 考查动词辨析。句意:养成良好的阅读习惯对我们有好处。develop养成;choose选择;accept接受;pick挑选。develop a habit意为“养成一种习惯”,故选A。 二.单句填空 1.(2023泰安)Mr. Zhang is an experienced teacher. He has t     geography for over thirty years.  答案 taught 张先生是一名老师,因此他应该是教地理课,该空和前面的助动词 has构成现在完成时,应用过去分词,故填 taught。 2.(2023泰安)To avoid w    food, our school held a “Clear Your Plate” activity.  答案 wasting 后文说学校举办“光盘”活动,这样做是为了避免浪费食物。waste浪费。avoid后面接动词的-ing形式,故填wasting。 3.(2023日照)Jack's bike went wrong and he will r     it this afternoon.  答案 repair 由“Jack's bike went wrong”可知,这里表示他将要去修理自行车。repair修理;设空处在will之后,应用动词原形。故填repair。 4.(2023日照)You had better     (解释) it to our teacher, not to me.  答案 explain explain解释;had better do sth.意为“最好做某事”,所以此处用动词原形。故填explain。 5.(2023济宁)13 Chinese scientific researchers r     the top of Mt. Qomolangma on May 23, 2023.  答案 reached 根据the top of Mt. Qomolangma可知,说的是他们登顶珠穆朗玛峰,根据时间状语on May 23, 2023可知是发生在过去的事,应该用一般过去时。reach“到达”,过去式为reached。故填reached。 6.(2022济宁)I usually     (借) some books from our school library.   答案 borrow 考查动词。由设空后的介词from和中文提示可知应填borrow。borrow...from...从……借……。 7.(2022临沂)Baby pandas only      about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos when they're born. (weight)  答案 weigh 考查动词。根据句子结构可以判断出此处缺少谓语动词,故要把名词weight转换成动词weigh;主语Baby pandas为复数,故填weigh。 能力提升 一.单词拼写 1.(2024·西藏·中考真题)You must clean your room. Could you please (not throw) your books everywhere? 【答案】not throw 【详解】句意:你必须打扫你的房间。你能不能别把书扔得到处都是?could在这里是表示请求的情态动词,后面的动词用原形,结合“You must clean your room.”可知,此处是“请求对方不要乱扔书”,所以加not构成否定形式,Could you please not do sth“请你不要做某事好吗”。故填not throw。 2.(2024·四川内江·中考真题)—Oh, my pen is broken. Could you please l your pen to me? —Of course. Here you are! 【答案】(l)end 【详解】句意:——哦,我的钢笔坏了。你能把你的钢笔借给我吗?——当然可以。给你!根据“Oh, my pen is broken.”可知,此处是请求对方借钢笔给自己,lend“借给”,动词;lend sth to sb“把某物借给某人”;情态动词Could后面用动词原形。故填(l)end。 3.(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)I can’t (同意) that pupils bring their mobile phones to school. 【答案】agree 【详解】句意:我不同意学生们把手机带到学校。agree“同意”,情态动词can’t后接动词原形。故填agree。 4.(2024·云南·中考真题)The bus was so crowded that they had to the next one.  (等待) 【答案】wait for 【详解】句意:公共汽车太挤了,他们不得不等下一辆。wait for“等待”,had to后用动词原形,故填wait for。 5.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)The car is too expensive. I can’t a it. 【答案】(a)fford 【详解】句意:这辆车太贵了。我买不起。根据“The car is too expensive. I can’t a... it.”可知,太贵了,买不起,afford“买得起”,情态动词后用动词原形,故填(a)fford。 6.(2024·四川自贡·中考真题)You’d better study for the test, or you may f in it. 【答案】(f)ail 【详解】句意:你最好为考试学习,否则你可能会不及格。根据“You’d better study for the test, or you may f... in it.”可知,不为考试学习,可能会不及格,fail“不及格”,情态动词后用动词原形。故填(f)ail。 7.(2024·江苏南京·二模)Sometimes he makes the stick so small that he can (keep) it in his ear. 【答案】keep 【详解】句意:有时他把棍子变得很小,可以放在耳朵里。情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填keep。 8.(2024·安徽六安·模拟预测)As long as we work together and never give up, we can o (克服) all the difficulties. 【答案】(o)vercome 【详解】句意:只要我们团结一致,永不放弃,我们就能克服所有的困难。overcome“克服”,根据空前的情态动词“can”可知,此处用动词原形。故填(o)vercome。 9.(2024·四川成都·二模)As students in Grade Nine,we are too busy to a a holiday before the final examination. 【答案】(a)fford 【详解】句意:作为九年级的学生,我们太忙了,以至于在期末考试前不能有一个假期。根据“As students in Grade Nine,we are too busy to a... holiday”及首字母提示可知,此处表示太忙了,以至于不能有一个假期,afford“负担得起、能做、有时间做”,too...to...“太……而不能……”,其后面用动词原形afford。故填(a)fford。 10.(2024·江苏南京·三模)Sleeping late can (导致) poor sleep quality and influence memory and mood. 【答案】lead to 【详解】句意:晚睡会导致睡眠质量差,影响记忆力和情绪。根据句意及中文提示可知,本题考查“导致lead to”,又因can是情态动词,后接动词原形。故填lead to。 11.(2024·安徽芜湖·一模)We must stand up to show our welcome when a guest e (进入) the house. 【答案】(e)nters 【详解】句意:当客人进入房间时,我们应该起身表示欢迎。根据首字母可知“进入”应用动词enter来表示;根据句意可知,when引导的时间状语从句,动作在将来,要采用主将从现的搭配形式;从句主语a guest为第三人称单数,谓语应用动词enter的三单形式enters。故填(e)nters。 12.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)You shouldn’t m (做记号) a book which isn’t yours, or you will be punished. 【答案】(m)ark 【详解】句意:你不应该在不属于你的书上做记号,否则你会受到惩罚的。根据首字母和中文提示可知,此处是mark“做记号”,should是情态动词,后接动词原形,故填(m)ark。 13.(2024·云南昆明·二模)You’d better not to your parents or teachers, which is very impolite.(顶嘴) 【答案】talk back 【详解】句意:你最好不要和你的父母或老师顶嘴,这是很不礼貌的。talk back“顶嘴”,had better not do sth“最好不要做某事”,故填talk back。 14.(2024·云南昭通·三模)If everyone could strictly , the accident wouldn’t happen. (遵守交通规则) 【答案】obey the traffic rules/follow the traffic rules 【详解】句意:如果每个人都能严格遵守交通规则,事故就不会发生了。根据中文提示,obey/follow“遵守”;the traffic rules“交通规则”;设空处有情态动词could,填动词原形。故填obey/follow the traffic rules。 15.(2024·江苏南京·二模)Could you (借给) me your pencil for a while? I left mine at home. 【答案】lend 【详解】句意:你能把铅笔借给我用一下吗?我的忘在家里了。lend“借给”,动词,情态动词could后接动词原形。故填lend。 16.(2024·江苏扬州·二模)I wonder how long I can the book and how to renew it. (借) 【答案】keep 【详解】句意:我想知道这本书我可以借多久以及如何续借。结合句意和汉语提示可知,borrow“借”,是非延续性动词,不能与how long连用,应用keep“保存”,延续性动词;根据空前情态动词can可知,此处动词用原形。故填keep。 17.(2024·安徽马鞍山·三模)One must s (开始) with easy things before dealing with difficult ones. 【答案】(s)tart 【详解】句意:在处理困难的事情之前,必须先从容易的事情开始。根据中文提示及首字母可知,此处应用start with“以……开始”,固定短语,情态动词must后跟动词原形。故填(s)tart。 18.(2024·江苏宿迁·一模)Can you (想象) what life might be like without mobile phones or Internet? 【答案】imagine 【详解】句意:你能想象没有手机和互联网的生活会是什么样子吗?根据“Can”与汉语提示可知,can为情态动词,后应用动词原形,因此应用imagine“想象”,动词。故填imagine。 19.(2024·辽宁辽阳·二模)As long as Tom works hard, he can (success) in solving problems. 【答案】succeed 【详解】句意:只要汤姆努力工作,他就能成功地解决问题。can是情态动词,后跟动词原形succeed“成功”,故填succeed。 20.(2024·西藏日喀则·二模)To protect the environment, we should (捡起) the litter when we see it. 【答案】 pick up 【详解】句意:为了保护环境,我们看到垃圾时应该捡起来。根据汉语提示可知,此处应用动词短语“pick up”,动词位于情态动词“should”后用原形即可。故填pick;up。 21.(2024·西藏日喀则·二模)Scientists think that we may (建立) stations on the moon by using the moon’s own materials. 【答案】 set up 【详解】句意:科学家们认为我们可能会用月球本身的材料在月球上建立空间站。根据汉语提示可知此处应用动词短语“set up”,动词位于情态动词“may”后用原形即可。故填set;up。 22.(2024·江苏南京·二模)Going to college can (标志) the beginning of new life. 【答案】mark 【详解】句意:上大学可以标志着新生活的开始。mark“标志”,动词;根据空前的“can”可知,此处应用动词原形。故填mark。 23.(2024·四川德阳·一模)I could c the train because my uncle gave me a lift to the train station. 【答案】(c)atch 【详解】句意:我能赶上火车,因为我叔叔让我搭车去了火车站。根据“I could…the train because my uncle gave me a lift to the train station.”以及首字母可知,此处指的是“赶上火车”,catch意为“赶上”,could是情态动词,其后跟动词原形。故填(c)atch。 24.(2024·山东日照·三模)Nothing can s Taiwan from our motherland. 【答案】(s)eparate 【详解】句意:没有什么能把台湾和我们的祖国分离。根据“…Taiwan from our motherland”并结合首字母提示可知此处应用动词“separate”,separate…from…“把……和……分开”,位于情态动词“can”后,动词用原形即可。故填(s)eparate。 25.(2024·山东泰安·二模)Nobody can (避免) making a mistake at some point in their life. 【答案】avoid 【详解】句意:没有人可以避免在他们的生活中的某个时间犯错误。“避免”要用动词“avoid”来表达,空前有情态动词can,空处应填动词原形。故填avoid。 26.(2024·山东日照·二模)China’s railway network can (连接) most cities and the government plans to build on it further. 【答案】connect 【详解】句意:中国的铁路网已经发展到连接大多数城市,政府正在寻求进一步发展。connect“连接”,can后面接动词原形。故填connect。 27.(2024·山东济宁·二模)This website may (提供) you with more useful information. 【答案】provide 【详解】句意:这个网站可能为你提供更多有用的信息。根据“you with more useful information”和汉语提示可知,此处使用provide“提供”,provide sb with sth“为某人提供某物”,情态动词may后跟动词原形。故填provide。 28.(2024·江苏无锡·二模)Because of the coming storm, the Organizing Committee had to (取消) some events. 【答案】cancel 【详解】句意:由于即将到来的暴风雨,组委会不得不取消一些活动。cancel“取消”,是动词,have to后接动词原形,故填cancel。 29.(2024·山东济宁·一模)Nancy is sad now. We’d better a mentioning the terrible matter. 【答案】(a)void 【详解】句意:南希现在很伤心。我们最好避免提及这件可怕的事情。根据题干可知,avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”,had better do sth.“最好做某事”;结合首字母,故填(a)void。 30.(2024·山东济宁·二模)Though ChatGPT has many advantages, we can’t d on it completely. 【答案】(d)epend 【详解】句意:虽然ChatGPT有很多优点,但我们不能完全依赖它。根据语境可知,ChatGPT的优点很多,但是也不能完全依赖它。depend on为固定搭配,意为“依赖”,空格前为情态动词“can’t”,故depend应用动词原形。故填(d)epend。 31.(2024·山东济宁·二模)I must (归还) the books to the library before Friday. 【答案】return 【详解】句意:我必须在星期五之前把书还给图书馆。情态动词must后接动词原形。“归还”是动词return,return sth to some place意为“把某物还给某处”。故填return。 32.(2024·山东济宁·一模)I sent you a message on WeChat last night, but you did not r . 【答案】(r)eply 【详解】句意:我昨晚给你发了微信,但你没有回复。由“I sent you a message on WeChat last night”及首字母可知,此处指回复:reply,助动词did not后接动词原形。故填(r)eply。 33.(2024·山东烟台·二模)The actions and words of some famous people can (影响) their followers a lot. 【答案】influence 【详解】句意:一些名人的言行可以影响他们的追随者很多。根据汉语提示,句中缺少谓语,空前有情态动词can,故用动词原形,influence影响,动词。故填influence。 34.(2024·山东济宁·一模)Peter, the floor is dirty. Could you please (扫) it? 【答案】sweep 【详解】句意:彼得,地板很脏。你能扫一下吗?根据中文提示,可知是sweep“扫”,could you please do sth“你能做某事吗”,因此设空处填动词原形。故填sweep。 35.(2024·山东济宁·一模)You should a driving after drink. It’s so dangerous. 【答案】(a)void 【详解】句意:你应该避免酒后驾车。太危险了。根据“You should a... driving after drink.”及常识可知,应是避免酒后驾车,avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”,情态动词should后跟动词原形,故填(a)void。 36.(2024·四川内江·三模)From now on, we must v time and do something meaningful. 【答案】(v)alue 【详解】句意:从现在开始,我们必须珍惜时间,做一些有意义的事情。must是情态动词,后面跟动词原形,短语value time表示“珍惜时间”。故填(v)alue。 37.(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·二模)You shouldn’t (触摸) your eyes, nose or mouth before washing hands. 【答案】touch 【详解】句意:在洗手之前,你不应该触摸你的眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴。根据中文提示,touch“触摸”符合语境,shouldn’t接动词原形。故填touch。 38.(2024·江苏南京·三模)Because of the new international situations, we should (保卫,防范) against any possible danger. 【答案】guard 【详解】句意:由于新的国际形势,我们应该警惕任何可能出现的危险。guard“保卫,防范”,动词。结合“we should…”可知,情态动词后应接动词原形。guard against“防范”符合语境。故填guard。 39.(2024·安徽阜阳·一模)Success is not how high you can r (到达), but how you make a difference to the world. 【答案】(r)each 【详解】句意:成功不是你能达到多高,而是你如何改变世界。reach“到达”,情态动词can后接动词原形。故填(r)each。 40.(2024·吉林白山·二模)When we feel tired, we can l to light music to make us relax. 【答案】(l)isten 【详解】句意:当我们感到疲劳时,我们可以听轻音乐使我们放松。根据“to light music”可知,是指听轻音乐,listen to music“听音乐”,can后跟动词原形。故填(l)isten。 动词短语 短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。 考点1 短语动词的构成 1. 短语动词的构成: (1) 动词+介词:常见的有 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 21 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 arrive at/in到达; ask for寻求,索要; agree with sb. 同意某人的观点; belong to属于; depend on依靠,依赖; fall off跌落; feed on以……为食; get to到达; get up起床; hear of听说; hear from收到某人的来信; help…with…帮助(某人)做(某事); knock at/on敲(门、窗); look for寻找; look after照看;照顾; look like看上去像……; look over(仔细)检查; listen to听……; laugh at嘲笑; pay for为……付钱; stop…from… 阻止……做……; talk to/with对……说,和……谈话; talk about谈论; think of想起; think about考虑; wait for等候。 这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。 如:Don’t laugh at others. // Tom asked his parents for a bike. (2) 动词+副词(有的用作及物动词,有的用作不及物动词):常见的有 bring out取出; blow out 吹灭; clean up清扫,收拾干净; cheer up使高兴起来;使振作; come back/go back回来/回去; come round (走)过来; come out (花)开,出来,出版; come over顺便来访; check out核实,检查; eat up吃光; fall behind落后; fall down跌倒; find out 找出,查明; give back归还; get back取回; get over克服; get on上车; get off下车; grow up长大; give away分发; give up放弃; hand in上交; hurry up赶快; look out小心; look up查找; look around环顾,到处看; pick up捡起,开车接; put (sth) down把某物放下来; put away收拾好; put on穿上; put up举起; put off推迟; put out扑灭,熄灭; pick up捡起; run away逃跑,逃走; slow down减缓,减速; set off出发,动身; think over 仔细考虑; tidy up收拾,整理; turn on/off打开/关上; turn up/down 调大/调小; take out取出; take off脱下。 这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:Please don’t forget to hand it in. (3) 动词+名词:常见的有 do one’s homework做作业; do one’s best尽某人最大努力; go boating/swimming/shopping去划船/去游泳/去购物; have a cold/a cough/a headache患感冒/咳嗽/头痛; have a try尝试;努力;have a look看一看; have a rest休息; have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早/午/晚餐; have fun玩得高兴; hold a sports meeting 举行运动会; lose heart丧失信心; make a decision作出决定; make a mistake/mistakes犯错误; make a noise吵闹; make faces 做鬼脸; make friends交朋友; make money赚钱; play chess下象棋; take turns轮流; take photos照相; take place发生。 这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如: This story took place three years ago. // I make friends with a lot of people. (4) 动词+副词+介词:常见的有 catch up with赶上; come up with找到,提出(答案、解决办法等); do well in在……方面做得好; get on/along well with与……相处融洽; look forward to盼望,期待; run out of用完。 这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes. (5) 动词+名词+介词:常见的有 take (good) care of (好好)照顾; give thanks to向某人致谢; pay attention to注意; say goodbye/hello/sorry to向某人道别/打招呼/道歉; make use of使用,利用; make fun of取笑; take pride in为……感动骄傲/自豪。 这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如: You should pay attention to your handwriting. // We should make full use of our time. (5) 动词+形容词:常见的有 leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如: The prisoners were set free. // He cut it open. 2. 初中常用短语动词辨析 (1) agree with 同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、见解); agree to同意(计划、办法); agree to do sth. 同意做某事。 (2) be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出; be at home/work 在家/上班; be good at 善于,擅长于; be careful of 当心,注意,仔细; be covered with 被……复盖; be ready for 为……作好准备; be surprised (at) 对……觉得惊讶; be interested in 对……感兴趣; be on 在进行,在上演,(灯)亮着; be able to do sth. 能够做……; be afraid of (to do sth. that…) 惧怕……(不敢做……,恐怕……); be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气; be pleased (with) 对……觉得愉快(满意); be famous for 以……而著名; be strict in (with) (对工作、对人)严格要求; be from 来自……,什么地方人; be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了/渴了/累了; be worried 担忧; be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做……; be covered with 被……所覆盖……; be in (great) need of (很)需要; be in trouble 处于困境中; be glad to do sth. 很愉快做……; be late for ……迟到; be made of (from) 由……制成; be satisfied with 对……觉得满意; be free 空闲的,有空; be (ill) in bed 卧病在床; be busy doing (with) 忙于做……(忙于……); be proud of对……感到自豪; be good at/do well in doing sth 擅长做某事; be supposed to do sth 应该做某事; be used for doing sth/be used to do sth 被用来做某事; be/get used to doing sth 习惯做某事; be used to do sth 被用来做 be made in在……生产或制造; be made of由……制成(看得出原材料); be made from由……制成(看不出原材料); belong to属于; break off中断; begin with以……开始。 (3) come back回来; come across 偶遇; come home回家; come down下来; come along来,随同; come true实现; come out花开,发芽,出现,出来,出版; come over过来,顺便来访; come in进来; come into进入; come into use开始使用; come on来吧,跟着来,赶快,加油; come from来自; come to oneself苏醒; come up with找到,提出; clean up把……打扫干净; cheer up使……高兴起来; consist of由……组成。 (4) do/try one’s best尽最大努力; do well in在……干得好; do one’s homework做作业; do some reading阅读; dream of梦想; depend on取决于,依靠; dress up装扮 drop by顺便拜访。 (5) fall asleep入睡; fall behind落在……后面; fall off从……掉下; fall down倒下,跌倒。 (6) get down下来,落下; get on上车; get to到达; get up起床; get back回来,取回; get back回到; get off下车(船、飞机、马); get on well with与……相处融洽; get married结婚; get together相聚; get over克服; get away离开,逃离; get home到家; get into进入,陷入; get out (of)(从……)出来。 (7) give up放弃; give…a hand给与……帮助; give a concert开音乐会; give in 屈服,让步,投降; give out筋疲力尽、累倒、耗尽、用完; give away泄露、赠送; give off放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)。 (8) go back回去; go on继续; go home回家; go over温习,复习; go out外出,到外面; go into走进; go away走开; go up上升,攀登; go down下沉,下降; go for为……而去; go through经历; go by时间流逝,从旁边经过; go wrong走错路; go to bed睡觉; go to school 去上学; go to the doctor 去看医生; go straight along沿着……一直往前走; go on doing继续做某事; go shopping/boating/fishing/hiking/skating/dancing/camping去买东西/划船/去钓鱼/去徒步旅行/去滑冰/去跳舞/野营; go out of one’s way to do sth特地做某事。 (9) have a look看一看; have a seat坐下; have supper吃晚餐; have a rest休息; have sports进行体育活动; have a cold感冒; have a cough咳嗽; have a good time过得愉快; have a headache头痛; have a try尝试,努力。 (10) look for寻找; look out留神,注意; look over仔细检查; look up向上看,抬头看; look after照顾,照看; look at看……; look like看起来像; look the same看起来一样; look forward to盼望,期待; look through 浏览; look into调查; laugh at嘲笑; (11) let…down使……失望。 make friends交朋友; make phone calls打电话; make money赚钱; make the bed整理床铺; make a noise吵闹; make a face做鬼脸; make one’s way to往……走去; make room for给……腾出地方; make a decision做出决定; make a mistake犯错误; make up one’s mind下决心; mix up混合在一起; make a living谋生; make progress取得进步; make sb feel at home使某人感到宾至如归; make sb. do sth.让某人做某事; make up编造,虚构。 (12) put on上演,穿上,戴上; put up挂起,举起; put down把某物放下来; put away把某物收起来; put off推迟; put out扑灭,熄灭; put back放回; pick up捡起; pass on传递; pay for付……的账。 (13) take off脱掉衣服; take away拿走; take photos照相; take time花费时间; take out取出; take in吸收,上当; take on 雇佣,呈现; take up占据时间、空间,开始从事,拿起; take a seat坐下; take an active part in积极参加; take care of照顾,照料; take exercise做运动; take one’s place坐某人的位置,代替某人的职务; take turn轮流; take it easy放松,不紧张; take pride in对……感到自豪; talk about谈话,交谈; talk with和……交谈。 (14) turn on打开电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等; turn off关上电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等; turn up开大; turn down关小,调低; turn…over把……翻过来; turn…into…把……变成……; turn to朝向。 (15) think of认为,想起; think about考虑; think up想出; think over仔细考虑。 分层训练·巩固提升 基础巩固 一.单项选择 1.(2023滨州)—Do you know the astronaut Wang Yaping? —Sure. She is a great woman who can     her dreams. I really look up to her.  A.pay for     B.stick to     C.lay out     D.set out 答案 B 考查动词短语。此处在谈论宇航员王亚平。设空处是对她的评价,根据her dreams可知说的是她能够坚持自己的梦想。stick to坚持。故选B。 2.(2022菏泽)—Have you ever     the program of WWF?  —Yes, I have. I am one of the local wild aid members. A.taken care of     B.got used to C.taken part in 答案 C 考查动词短语。take care of照顾;get used to习惯;take part in参加。根据答语中的“I am one of the local wild aid members.”可知,此处询问是否参加了世界自然基金会的项目,故选C。 3.(2022东营)—Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu have safely come back from space. —Great! All Chinese     them.  A.hear from     B.look after C.get on with     D.take pride in 答案 D 考查动词短语辨析。由语境可知,所有的中国人都为三位宇航员平安归来这件事感到骄傲。take pride in以……为傲,故选D。 4.(2021滨州)Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist. When he was a child, he liked to     how things worked.  A.set out     B.find out     C.leave out     D.bring out 答案 B 考查动词短语辨析。第一句介绍潘建伟是个著名的科学家,因此推测当他还是个孩子的时候,他喜欢弄清楚事情是如何进行的。动词短语find out意为“查明,弄清”,故选B。 5.(2021菏泽) —Do you think it necessary for teenagers to learn cooking at home? —Sure. Cooking is     an important part of education in China.   A.prepared for     B.regarded as C.compared with 答案 B 考查动词短语辨析。由“Sure.”这一肯定回答推断设空处所在句表示“在中国,烹饪被认为是教育的重要组成部分”。be regarded as被认为是,被当作是。故选B。 6.(2020青岛)Please remember to     the electricity and water before you leave the laboratory.  A.take off     B.shut off C.go off     D.put off 答案 B 考查动词短语辨析。take off(飞机)起飞;shut off关闭,关上;go off离开,爆炸;put off推迟。根据常识可知,离开实验室前,应该关闭电源并切断水源。故选B。 7.(2020济南)You don't need to     every new word in the dictionary while reading English novels.  A.look up     B.look for     C.look through   D.look after 答案 A 考查动词短语辨析。look up查阅;look for寻找;look through浏览;look after照顾。根据句子中提到的in the dictionary可知,在字典里面应该是查阅单词,故选A。 综合练习 Ⅰ.单项选择 1.(2023滨州二模)—I heard you went to the doctor this morning. —That's true. But you     worry about me. It's nothing serious.  A.needn't     B.won't     C.mustn't     D.can't 答案 A 考查情态动词。根据空后一句“It's nothing serious.”可知不严重,所以不必担心。needn't意为“不必”,故选A。 2.(2023滨州一模)—How do you like the strawberry, Judy? —It     sweet. I'd like to have more.  A.sounds     B.looks     C.smells     D.tastes 答案 D 考查动词辨析。根据问句可知,本句是对草莓的评价,根据后句“I'd like to have more.(我想多吃一些。)”可推断,此处是说草莓尝起来甜。故选D。 3.(2023滨州阳信集团校二模)—Hurry up, Jack. We need to     your uncle at the airport in two hours.  —OK, Dad. I'm ready. Let's go. A.pick up    B.give up C.set up     D.take up 答案 A 考查动词短语辨析。pick up(开车)接人;give up放弃;set up设立;take up 占据,着手处理,接受。根据空后的your uncle at the airport可知,这里表示杰克和他爸爸要去机场接他的叔叔。故选A。 4.(2023东营二模)—A famous person once said:“If you can follow your heart and never    , your dream will come true.”  —I think so. I will try my best to achieve my dream. A.give away   B.give back C.give out   D.give up 答案 D 考查动词短语辨析。根据“your dream will come true”可知,这里表示如果你能跟随自己的内心并永不放弃,就会实现梦想。动词短语give up意为“放弃”,故选D。 5.(2023青岛一模)—Danny, come and     the blue jeans.  —Wow, they look really nice on me! Thanks, Mom! A.try on     B.take off C.put away   D.throw away 答案 A 考查动词短语辨析。根据答语的“they look really nice on me”可知是在试穿牛仔裤,故选A。 6.(2023菏泽一模)Don't go out if you have the flu. You     stay at home.  A.should    B.may     C.will 答案 A 考查情态动词。根据前一句“Don't go out if you have the flu.”可知,如果得了流感就应该待在家里。情态动词should意为“应该”,故选A。 7.(2023菏泽二模)Wang Ming wants to be an astronaut when he grows up. He     going to the Tiangong space station one day.  A.is used to B.would like to C.looks forward to 答案 C 考查动词短语辨析。根据第一句可知,王明长大后想成为一名宇航员,所以他期待有一天能去天宫空间站。be used to doing sth.习惯做某事;would like to do sth.想要做某事;look forward to doing sth.期待做某事。由语境及空后的going可知选C。 8.(2023青岛一模)Cooking classes can help students to     themselves.  A.look for     B.take up C.look after     D.take off 答案 C 考查动词短语辨析。此处指烹饪课能帮助学生们照顾他们自己。动词短语look after意为“照顾”,故选C。 9.(2023滨州一模)—Can you come to my birthday party tomorrow evening? —Sorry. I can't. I     visit my sick grandmother in hospital.  A.may     B.can C.have to     D.had better 答案 C 考查情态动词。由答语中的“Sorry.”可知,此处拒绝了对方参加生日聚会的邀约,再由设空处后面的visit my sick grandmother in hospital可知,此处表示我必须去看望生病住院的奶奶。have to意为“必须,不得不”,故选C。 10.(2023东营一模)—Some Chinese government officers have turned into live streamers(网络主播). —Yes. They are trying their best to help local farmers to     product sales.  A.change     B.compare C.afford     D.improve 答案 D 考查动词辨析。句意:——一些中国政府官员成了网络主播。——是的。他们正在尽力帮助当地的农民提高产品销量。故选D。 11.(2023菏泽一模)What our parents said and did has     us a lot. So our behaviors are always like theirs.  A.helped     B.required C.influenced 答案 C 考查动词辨析。根据第二句可知,我们的行为与父母的行为相像,说明父母的语言和行动影响我们很多。故选C。 12.(2023青岛二模)Your homework is well done. Just     some small mistakes in it.  A.create     B.admire C.correct     D.control 答案 C 考查动词辨析。第一句说“你的作业做得很好。”后面提到some small mistakes,可知里面有一些错误,根据设空处前面的just可推断,此处指只需纠正其中的一些小错误,故选C。 13.(2023滨州阳信集团校二模)—How did you come to Jinan? —By high-speed rail. It     me only one hour to get here.  A.spent     B.paid     C.cost     D.took 答案 D 考查动词辨析。固定句型“It+takes/took+sb.+时间+to do sth.”意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”,故选D。 14.(2023青岛一模)After finishing the interview, Bob was    again and asked some other questions before he left that company.   A.called on     B.called in C.called out     D.called up 答案 B 考查动词短语辨析。根据空后的“again and asked some other questions before he left that company”可知,鲍勃又被叫来并被提问了一些其他的问题,call in意为“叫来,找来”,故选B。 15.(2023青岛一模)—Matt, could I use your new car next Friday? —Yes, you    .  A.could     B.should     C.will     D.can 答案 D 考查情态动词。以could I提问表示有礼貌地请求,意为“我能……吗?”,could并非表示过去,而是用于表示委婉的语气,其肯定回答应该用can。故选D。 16.(2022青岛一模)Shenzhen recently opened the country's first pet center to     the pets while their masters are not at home.  A.look up to     B.run out of C.keep away from  D.take care of 答案 D 考查动词短语辨析。根据空前的pet center和空后的“while their masters are not at home”可知,这家宠物中心是照顾宠物的地方。故选D。 17.(2022东营一模)Life is full of challenges. We should hope for the best and     for the worst.  A.practise     B.produce C.prepare     D.provide 答案 C 考查动词辨析。根据第一句及常识可知生活充满挑战,有挫折也有美好,所以我们要期待最好的,也要为最糟的做准备。故选C。 18.(2022滨州一模)—Have you decided which high school to choose? —Not yet. I     go to Guangming High School.  A.must     B.shouldn't C.may     D.needn't 答案 C 考查情态动词。根据“Not yet.”可知还没有决定,因此有可能去光明高中,也有可能不去。may表示不确定的推测,意为“也许,可能”,故选C。 19.(2022青岛一模)—Mary, come and eat your breakfast. —Mom, I     go now, or I will miss the school bus.  A.may     B.must     C.can     D.might 答案 B 考查情态动词。根据空后的“or I will miss the school bus”可知要错过公交车了,所以现在必须走,must表示主观看法,意为“一定,必须”。故选B。 二.单句填空 1.(2023日照北京路中学一模)It's wise of parents not to     (强迫) their children to do what they dislike.  答案 force 根据提示可知,此处应该使用动词force,不定式符号to后接动词原形,故填force。 2.(2023济宁二模)We should learn to     (拒绝) the bad things.  答案 refuse 根据汉语提示可知,此处应该使用refuse,固定搭配learn to do sth.意为“学习做某事”,此处应该用动词原形,故填refuse。 3.(2023济宁一模)Could you please r     your address? I didn't hear you clearly.  答案 repeat 根据“I didn't hear you clearly.”及首字母提示可知,此处在请求对方重复一遍其地址。情态动词后接动词原形,故填repeat。 4.(2023东营市实验中学一模)More of my classmates were making fun of me. I wanted to h     under my desk. I soon felt tears(眼泪) running down.  答案 hide 根据第一句可知,同学们取笑“我”,所以推测“我”想要藏在课桌下面。want to后面接动词原形,故填hide。 5.(2023泰安二模)Yesterday Zhao Linlin invited me to her party and I     (接受) her invitation happily.  答案 accepted accept接受。根据时间状语yesterday可知,本句应该使用一般过去时。故填accepted。 6.(2023济宁一模)She has to     (付费) for the book lost.  答案 pay 根据设空处后面的介词for可知,这里应该使用动词pay构成短语pay for,表示“为……付费”。have to后接动词原形,故填pay。 7.(2023德州一模)But I know she     (stand) the cold because her legs hurt. I'm very worried about her.  答案 can't stand 根据原因状语从句“because her legs hurt”可知,她的腿受伤了,由此可推测她不能忍受寒冷。故填can't stand。 8.(2023四川成都)Wu Yuren, a 73-year-old professor from Tongji University,e     difficult physics knowledge in a simple way on Douyin to help children develop interest in science.  答案 explains/explained 根据difficult physics knowledge in a simple way可知是用简单的方式解释深奥的物理知识。explain“解释”,为动词。此处既可以用一般过去时,表示动作发生在过去,也可以用一般现在时,表示经常性的动作,故填explains/explained。 9.(2023浙江杭州)I like to follow the story and see what will h     next.  答案 happen 由“I like to follow the story and see”可知,此处指跟着故事看看接下来将发生什么。happen意为“发生”,符合语境。will后跟动词原形。故填happen。 10.(2022日照一模)My English isn't good enough, so I must try my best to i   it.  答案 improve try one's best to do sth.表示“尽某人最大努力做某事”,因此设空处为动词原形;根据“My English isn't good enough”可知“我”英语不够好,需要提高,improve意为“提高”。故填improve。 11.(2023济宁一模)Jack p     well in the music talent show yesterday.  答案 performed 根据空后的well in the music talent show可推测,此处指在才艺表演中表现得很好,根据时间状语yesterday可知,本句为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填performed。 12.(2023菏泽一模)Work harder, and don't     (使……失望) your parents.  答案 disappoint 根据汉语提示可知,此处应该使用动词disappoint, 助动词don't之后接动词原形,故填disappoint。 13.(2023济宁一模)China fully tries to     (保护) the health and safety of its people.  答案 protect 固定搭配try to do sth.表示“努力做某事”,to后接动词原形,故填protect。 14.(2023泰安一模)Susan wanted to be an artist, and she     (成功) after years of hard work.  答案 succeeded and连接并列句,该空作第二个分句的谓语,根据提示可知,应该使用动词succeed,根据语境可知,此处为一般过去时,故填succeeded。 15.(2023泰安二模)In many countries, people s     hands with each other when they meet.  答案 shake 根据常识可知,人们见面时会握手,shake hands意为“握手”,根据时间状语when they meet可知,本句是一般现在时,主语people为集体名词,表复数意义,谓语动词用原形。故填shake。 16.(2023济宁二模)I like Harry Potter very much. It     (描绘) a brave and clever boy.  答案 describes 根据汉语提示可知,此处应该使用动词describe,主语为第三人称单数,且该句叙述一般事实,应用一般现在时,故填describes。 17.(2022济宁一模)Almost every kid likes to play with me because I always s     my toys with others.  答案 share 根据主句可知,几乎每个孩子都喜欢跟“我”玩,说明“我”受欢迎,再根据首字母提示及空后的with可以推断,受欢迎的原因是“我”总是与他人分享玩具。share...with...表示“与……分享……”。故填share。 18.(2022泰安一模)Don't forget to      (表扬) the kids sincerely when they do something good.  答案 praise 根据汉语提示可知应该使用动词praise的适当形式,短语forget to do sth.意为“忘记去做某事”,因此设空处应该用动词原形。故填praise。 能力提升 完形填空 A There is a saying in English: An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Don't you think that I'm very great? I have many vitamins(维生素) inside. They are good for you. I really wish to make you happy and healthy, so don't forget to  1  me as often as you can. But I also need your love; if you want to make me taste better, you must  2  me well. Thank you for your love. I'll try to grow well and  3  sweeter. Then you will like to eat me a lot more.   1.A.eat B.drink C.find D.cook 2.A.look for B.look after C.look up D.look out 3.A.become B.feel C.sound D.look 答案  1.A 由上文的“I have many vitamins inside. They are good for you. I really wish to make you happy and healthy”可知,这里的第一人称是指苹果,此处是在劝读者多吃苹果。故选A。 2.B look for寻找;look after照顾;look up查阅;look out小心。根据“I also need your love; if you want to make me taste better”可知这里指的是照顾好苹果,故选B。 3.A 根据grow well和sweeter可推断此处应该指的是“变得更甜”,故选A。 B Some years ago, one of my students told me she was feeling down. She had worked hard to get into a good university, and it had paid off: after years of hard work and many nights of too little sleep, she had  1  , and here she was. Although she was enjoying her university studies for the most part, she found herself strangely unmotivated(不感兴趣的). When she  2  in the morning, she said, she felt no spark(活力), no joy. A few weeks after this conversation, I ran into her again, and found that she was feeling much happier: her eyes shone, and she was full of energy. It turned out she had learned about a particularly useful internship(实习) and decided to  3  it.   1.A.succeeded B.failed C.passed D.progressed 2.A.woke up B.gave up C.stayed up D.cheered up 3.A.ask for B.pay for C.go for D.look for 答案  1.A succeed成功;fail失败;pass通过;progress进步。根据“She had worked hard...it had paid off”可知,她的努力得到了回报,因此她是成功了。故选A。 2.A 句意:她说,当她早上醒来时,她感觉不到活力,没有快乐。”wake up醒来;give up放弃;stay up熬夜;cheer up使振奋。根据in the morning可知,此处表示在早上醒来。故选A。 3.C ask for要求;pay for支付;go for努力争取;look for寻找。根据上文的“her eyes shone and she was full of energy. It turned out she had learned about a particularly useful internship”可推测,她决定努力争取这份实习的工作。故选C。 二.语法填空 阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Wang Damin is an old fisherman. Although he is over 65, he is very 1.     (health) and enjoys 2.     (work). He uses cormorants 3.     (catch) fish. Cormorants are large black birds. They are good 4.      catching fish and can stay under the water for up to two minutes. Wang Damin usually sets off in the late afternoon and gets the cormorants ready for work. First, he ties 5.      piece of grass around their neck to stop them from 6.     (eat) big fish, and then Damin pushes them into the river. He uses several ways to attract fish. During the day he jumps up and down on his boat. After dark, he hangs a light on a post at the front of the boat. The cormorants bring the fish back to the boat. The fish are then taken and thrown into a big basket by Damin. No nets 7.     (require) for this type of fishing. Cormorant fishing was once practised in a lot of 8.     (place) in southeast China, and there were many fishermen in the area. But today few people are 9.     (interest) in it. In fifty years, maybe there 10.     (be) no more cormorant fishermen in the world.  答案  1.healthy 考查形容词。句意:虽然他已经超过65岁了,但他很健康,喜欢工作。health健康,是名词,此处应用其形容词形式作表语,说明主语的特征,故填healthy。 2.working 考查动词的非谓语形式。固定搭配enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”,故填working。 3.to catch 考查动词不定式。句意:他用鸬鹚捕鱼。catch抓,是动词,此处应用不定式作目的状语,故填to catch。 4.at 考查介词。此处表示“它们擅长捕鱼”。固定短语be good at表示“擅长”,故填at。 5.a 考查冠词。此处指他在它们的脖子上绑一根草。a piece of grass一根草,故填a。 6.eating 考查动词的非谓语形式。固定短语stop...from doing sth.“阻止……做某事”,故填eating。 7.are required 考查被动语态。主语nets和require之间是被动关系,结合句意可知,用一般现在时,主语是复数,be动词用are,故填are required。 8.places 考查名词复数。a lot of后接可数名词的复数形式,故填places。 9.interested 考查形容词。句意:但是今天很少有人对此感兴趣。固定短语be interested in...“对……感兴趣”,故填interested。 10.will be 考查动词时态。句意:五十年后,也许世界上再也不会有用鸬鹚捕鱼的渔民了。根据In fifty years可知句子是一般将来时,故填will be。 $$

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第05讲 动词&动词短语(讲义)-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测(山东专用)
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第05讲 动词&动词短语(讲义)-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测(山东专用)
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第05讲 动词&动词短语(讲义)-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测(山东专用)
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