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初中英语九年级上期末复习:状语从句(教案)
状语从句是中考英语必考知识点,在中考中所占分值通常为2~4分左右.其考查形式一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等.从考点分布来看,重点考查引导状语从句的连词、从句时态等,其中时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句是考查的重点.
状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、比较、方式状语从句等。
时间状语从句
• 常用引导词有when(当……时)、while(在……期间)、as(当……;一边……一边)。例如:When I got home, my mother was cooking.(我到家时,妈妈正在做饭。)
地点状语从句
• 通常由where(在……地方)、wherever(无论何处)引导。比如:You can sit where you like.(你可以坐在你想坐的地方。)
原因状语从句
• 常用because(因为)、since(既然)、as(由于)引导。例如:Since you are here, you can help me.(既然你在这儿,你可以帮我。)
条件状语从句
• 一般用if(如果)、unless(除非)等引导。如:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)
目的状语从句
• 常见引导词有so that(以便)、in order that(为了)。例如:He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.(他早起是为了能赶上第一班公共汽车。)
让步状语从句
• 尽管有although(虽然)、though(尽管)、even if(即使)等引导词。例如:Though it was late, he still went on working.(尽管已经很晚了,他还在继续工作。)
比较状语从句
• 常由than(比)、as...as(和……一样)引导。如:He runs faster than I do.(他跑得比我快。)
方式状语从句
• 通常用as(像……一样)、as if(好像)引导。例如:You must do as I tell you.(你必须照我说的做。)
在状语从句中,比较难的是让步状语从句。
让步状语从句主要难在以下几点:
1. 引导词的辨析
• although和though:它们都表示“虽然,尽管”,在意思上很相近。例如“Although/Though it was raining heavily, he still went to school on time.” 但在使用时,though还可以用于倒装句,如“Child though he is, he knows a lot.”(他虽然是个孩子,但知道很多。)而although一般不用于这样的倒装结构。
• even if和even though:都有“即使”的意思。区别在于,even if更强调假设的情况,“Even if it rains tomorrow, we will still go camping.”(即使明天下雨,我们还是要去露营。);even though侧重于已经存在的情况,“Even though he was tired, he didn't stop working.”(尽管他很累,他也没有停止工作。)
2. 与其他从句的混淆
• 让步状语从句容易和原因状语从句、条件状语从句混淆。例如“Because he is young, he can't do it.”是原因状语从句,而“Although he is young, he can do it.”是让步状语从句,需要准确把握句子的逻辑关系才能正确选用引导词。
3. 主从句之间的语义把握
• 让步状语从句中,主从句的语义存在转折关系,需要准确理解这种逻辑关系,才能翻译或写出准确的句子。比如在句子“As much as he loves his job, he still feels stressed sometimes.”(尽管他很热爱他的工作,但他有时仍然感觉有压力。)中,要理解主从句之间这种既肯定又转折的复杂语义。
1. although/though引导的让步状语从句
• Although/Though it was late, he still continued working.(尽管已经很晚了,他仍然继续工作。)
• Though he is a child, he knows a lot about the world.(虽然他是个孩子,但他对世界了解很多。)
2. even if/even though引导的让步状语从句
• Even if it rains tomorrow, we will go on a picnic as planned.(即使明天下雨,我们也会按计划去野餐。)
• Even though he had been warned many times, he still made the same mistake.(尽管他已经被警告过很多次了,他还是犯了同样的错误。)
3. while引导的让步状语从句(while有“尽管”的意思)
• While I understand your point of view, I can't agree with you.(尽管我理解你的观点,但我不能同意你。)
4. as引导的让步状语从句(as有“虽然”的意思,此时句子要倒装)
• Tired as he was, he still offered to help me.(尽管他很累,他仍然主动提出帮助我。)
• Child as he is, he can speak two languages.(尽管他是个孩子,但他会说两种语言。)
1. 考点分析
• 在状语从句的完形填空题中,主要考查对状语从句引导词的理解和运用。这些引导词包括时间(when、while、as、since、until等)、原因(because、since、as)、条件(if、unless)、让步(although、though、even if等)、目的(so that、in order that)等。同时,也会涉及从句的时态以及主从句之间逻辑关系的理解。
2. 解题策略
• 通读全文:首先要快速浏览全文,了解文章的大致内容和主题,把握文章的情感基调,这有助于理解需要填入的状语从句与上下文的逻辑关系。
• 分析逻辑关系:根据上下文确定空格处所需的逻辑关系是时间、原因、条件、让步还是其他。例如,如果文章描述的是“一个人想要成功,就需要努力”,那么这里很可能是条件逻辑关系,引导词可能是if。
• 考虑引导词辨析:如果确定是某种状语从句后,要仔细辨析引导词。以时间状语从句为例,when、while和as都有“当……时候”的意思,但when可引导短暂性或延续性动作,while强调主句和从句动作同时进行且从句动词是延续性的,as有“一边……一边”或“随着”的意思。
• 注意时态搭配:遵循状语从句的时态规则,如时间状语从句和条件状语从句中的“主将从现”原则。例如,“If it____(rain) tomorrow, we won't go to school.”这里根据“主将从现”,应填rains。
3. 实例分析
• 例如:“I was about to give up____I remembered my mother's words.(when/while)”。这里应填when,因为“be about to do sth. when...”是一个固定句型,意思是“正打算做某事,这时……”。
• 再如:“____he is young, he is very knowledgeable.(Although/Because)”。根据上下文逻辑,这里是让步关系,应填Although,句子意思是“虽然他很年轻,但他知识渊博”。
以下是10道状语从句的完形填空题:
1. I will call you ______ I get home.(as soon as/when)
2. He didn't go to school yesterday ______ he was ill.(because/since)
3. ______ it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(If/Unless)
4. She was reading a book ______ her mother was cooking in the kitchen.(while/as)
5. ______ he is young, he knows a lot about the world.(Although/Though)
6. I waited for him ______ he came back.(until/when)
7. You can't succeed ______ you work hard.(unless/if)
8. ______ time goes by, we are getting older.(As/When)
9. He speaks English better ______ I do.(than/as)
10. I like music ______ it can make me relaxed.(because/so)
1. ______ you study hard, you won't pass the exam.(Unless; If)
2. I was watching TV ______ my sister was doing her homework.(while; when)
3. He will go to the park with us ______ he has time.(if; unless)
4. ______ he is rich, he doesn't feel happy.(Although; Because)
5. We won't leave ______ the teacher comes back.(until; before)
6. ______ I got to the cinema, the film had already started.(When; As)
7. She ran ______ fast ______ she could catch the bus.(so; that; such; that)
8. ______ he was a child, he was interested in science.(When; While)
9. I'll help you ______ you need my help.(whenever; wherever)
11. ______ you are here, you can join us in the game.(Since; For)
答案参考:
1. Unless。“除非你努力学习,不然你不会通过考试”,根据逻辑关系,这里需要一个表示“除非”的词。
2. while。“while”强调主句和从句的动作同时进行,“我看电视的时候我妹妹在做作业”。
3. if。“如果他有时间,他会和我们一起去公园”,表示条件用if。
4. Although。“尽管他很富有,但他并不开心”,表让步用Although。
5. until。“直到老师回来我们才会离开”,“not...until...”是固定句型。
6. When。“当我到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始了”,When引导时间状语从句,从句动词可以是短暂性的。
7. so; that。“她跑得如此快,以至于她能赶上公交车”,“so + 形容词/副词 + that...”表示“如此……以至于……”。
8. When。“当他是个孩子的时候,他就对科学感兴趣”,When可指时间点或时间段,这里表示过去的时间点。
9. whenever。“无论何时你需要我的帮助,我都会帮你”,whenever表示“无论何时”。
10. Since。“既然你在这儿,你可以和我们一起玩游戏”,Since有“既然”的意思。
相关拓展单项选择题
• 这是最常见的题型。例如:
• I'll go to visit my aunt in England ____ the summer holidays start.( )
A. while B. since C. until D. as soon as
• 这里主要考查引导时间状语从句的连词,答案是D。“as soon as”表示“一……就”,句子意思是“暑假一开始我就要去看望在英国的阿姨”。
2. 完形填空题
• 会在篇章语境中考查对状语从句的理解和连词的运用。比如:
• He didn't give up ____ he had failed many times.
A. because B. although C. if D. since
• 根据语境,这里需要一个表示让步关系的连词,答案是B。“although”意思是“尽管”,句子是说“尽管他失败了很多次,但他没有放弃”。
3. 句型转换题
• 特别是将简单句转换为含有状语从句的复合句。例如:
• 简单句:We got to the cinema. The film began.
• 转换为含有时间状语从句的复合句:The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
4. 用所给词的适当形式填空
• 主要涉及状语从句中动词的时态。如:
• If it ____ (rain) tomorrow, we won't go to the park.
• 这里是条件状语从句,根据“主将从现”原则,答案是rains。
1. 单项选择题
• 这是最常见的题型。例如:
• I'll go to visit my aunt in England ____ the summer holidays start.( )
A. while B. since C. until D. as soon as
• 这里主要考查引导时间状语从句的连词,答案是D。“as soon as”表示“一……就”,句子意思是“暑假一开始我就要去看望在英国的阿姨”。
2. 完形填空题
• 会在篇章语境中考查对状语从句的理解和连词的运用。比如:
• He didn't give up ____ he had failed many times.
A. because B. although C. if D. since
• 根据语境,这里需要一个表示让步关系的连词,答案是B。“although”意思是“尽管”,句子是说“尽管他失败了很多次,但他没有放弃”。
3. 句型转换题
• 特别是将简单句转换为含有状语从句的复合句。例如:
• 简单句:We got to the cinema. The film began.
• 转换为含有时间状语从句的复合句:The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
4. 用所给词的适当形式填空
• 主要涉及状语从句中动词的时态。如:
• If it ____ (rain) tomorrow, we won't go to the park.
• 这里是条件状语从句,根据“主将从现”原则,答案是rains。
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