专题05 阅读理解之说明文（期末真题好题速递）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（人教版2019）

专题05 阅读理解之说明文 （一） （23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期末）Is boredom a thing of the past, like black-and-white television? And, if so, is that a good thing? Julie Robinson, a former teacher who now represents the Independent Association of Prep Schools, thinks that boredom is regarded as an enemy of today’s children, and they are losing the ability to become thoughtful and reflective (沉思的). “We should not fear boredom.” said Julie Robinson. “Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,” she added. Her opinion is that constant (连续不断的) activity for a child, often the result of the dreams of parents, will lead to concerned and worrying adult. The traditional ideas that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves a greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed. Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek an electronic devices (设备) to play games at once. And we didn’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. So what chance do children have to allow their thoughts to wander? But it’s not just children who need lessons in reflection. Adults need that, too. On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability — among adults as well as children — to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon: the fear of “inactivity”. And she is right. 1．Julie Robinson thinks boredom is useful because it makes children_________. A．find effective solutions to social problems B．improve the ability to learn knowledge C．have time to think and have their imagination developed D．communicate more with their parents and friends 2．Which of the following is seen as “inactivity” according to the last paragraph? A．Sending emails on a train. B．Playing games with friends. C．Planning constant activity for children. D．Looking out of the window at the beautiful views. 3．The author mentioned the train journey to show that_________. A．the trip on a quiet train was very boring B．the view of the countryside was beautiful C．people had too much work to do D．electronic devices influence people’s life greatly 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Both adults and children like to stay alone and recall their past days. B．People fail to leave their children enough time to think and imagine. C．Electronic devices are always good for both children and adults. D．Parents should tell their children how to use a mobile phone. （二） （23-24高二上·江苏淮安·期末）A plant-based diet seems to be the best option for human health. A team led by medical doctor Angelo Capodici of the University of Bologna in Italy has found that humans eating vegetarian (素食的) diets tend to have measurably better health outcomes in several areas. This does not mean that you should immediately excise meat from your diet, since the diet needs of individuals can vary significantly. What it does suggest is that making dietary changes might be a much more powerful tool for improving health outcomes, if it can be done safely. Since diet is easy to change, Capodici and his colleagues (同事) wanted to take a closer look at the impact of plant-based eating on the risk of these diseases. They studied the data collected from 48 reviews between January 2000 and June 2023, and found that vegetarian diets were associated with better health status on a number of risk factors for both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Overall, these plant-based diets were associated with better cholesterol (胆固醇) levels and blood sugar control, a lower risk of both cancer and heart disease compared to those of plant-and-meat eaters. The team noted, though, that vegetarian pregnant (怀孕的) women did not show a significantly lower risk of high blood pressure. They were also careful not to draw conclusions about plant-based foods being the only cause of these health improvements. It’s also worth noting that plant-based diets can result in vitamin and mineral shortage; and, of course, many different health conditions, such as allergies (过敏) require a careful, tailored approach to food. Because of these, the researchers caution against the large-scale adoption of plant-based diets. Rather, they say more targeted and more specific research should be conducted, in order to narrow down why these diets are positively correlated with better health. 5．What is the finding of the new research? A．Vegetarians are likely to have a healthier body. B．Individual dietary needs do not affect health outcomes. C．Humans should eat more vegetables to enjoy a longer life. D．Plant-based diets have become more popular in recent years. 6．What does the underlined word “excise” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Remove. B．Obtain. C．Distinguish. D．Steal. 7．How did the team conduct the research? A．By giving reasons. B．By analysing data. C．By listing examples. D．By making comparisons. 8．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Plant-based diets are an invitation to allergies among people. B．Plant-based diets can make up for vitamin and mineral shortage. C．Further researches should be focused on how to improve health. D．Individual health needs should be considered before diet changes. （三） （23-24高二上·江苏连云港·期末）Packaging designers often combine a variety of elements — text, illustration, color — in complex designs meant to attract consumers’ attention. In many cases, according to a new series of studies, they'd get better results from a simpler approach. In the first study, the researchers worked with data from the U. S. supermarket chain Kroger. They gathered all product images across four consumable categories — shampoo, deodorant, crackers, and cereal — along with each product’s name, brand, retail (零售) price, and weight. Independent research assistants rated the images on complexity of design. Mapping the ratings against each product's price per ounce showed that the simpler the package was, the higher the product's unit price — suggesting that people are willing to pay more when items are presented simply. In the following experiments, the researchers created simple and complex packages for trail mix and showed one or the other to each of 362 university students. The students indicated the highest amount they would pay for the snack, reported whether they thought it contained few or many ingredients and how pure they believed it to be, and rated the package on attractiveness and simplicity. Those who saw the simple design were willing to pay more, even though they were less likely than people who saw the complex design to award high marks on attractiveness. The simple design got higher scores on purity, and participants believed the product contained fewer ingredients. Repeating the experiment with a different item — hand lotion (护手霜) — got similar results. “Simplifying packaging design may be an efficient way to convey product information independent of text,” the researchers write. Additional experiments showed that the boost from a simple design was less pronounced when the product's ingredients were highlighted on the package; consumers then had no need to guess purity. 9．How did the researchers carry out the first study? A．By talking to the staff from a supermarket. B．By recording opinions from local customers. C．By rating complexity of designs and improving them. D．By analyzing product images and related information. 10．The researchers repeated the experiment with hand lotion to find out ________. A．how to create simple packages B．how to get high marks on purity C．whether people preferred simpler designs D．why complex designs were more attractive 11．Which of the following may the researchers agree with? A．Categories of products should be highlighted. B．Managers should make package designs simpler. C．Sales of products should rely more on packaging. D．Researchers should focus on less pronounced facts. 12．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Less is more B．Quality over quantity C．The simpler, the healthier D．The more complex, the more expensive （四） （23-24高二上·浙江绍兴·期末）The pandemic has affected nearly all aspects of modern life, from the clothes we wear to the food we eat. There is one thing, however, that has remained almost unchanged: the emojis we send. According to data from the Unicode Consortium (统一码联盟), nine of the 10 most-used emojis from 2019 also ranked among the top 10 this year. The tears of joy emoji ranked No.1, despite members of Gen Z deeming it uncool. “It speaks to how many people use emojis. If emojis were a purely Gen Z thing, then you wouldn’t see it so highly ranked,” said Alexander Robertson, an emoji researcher at Google. “Because of the large number of people using emojis, even if one group thinks something is lame, they have to be a really big group to affect these statistics.” And it makes sense that Gen Z would think that certain emojis aren’t fashionable. It’s part of the “teenager experience of creating a sense of subculture where there’s a right way and a wrong way of behaving.” Plus, there is a range of laughter that can be expressed: There’s light chuckling. There’s acknowledgement laughter, which is just a marker of empathy. Using emojis, such as the skull face (“I’m dead”) or crying face ( uncontrollable tears of laughter), can help to illustrate that range. “It basically indicates that we have what we need to communicate a broad range of expression, or even very specific concepts,” Mr Robertson said. “You don’t necessarily need a Covid emoji.” “We did see a rise in the use of the virus emoji. But it wasn’t made remotely into the most-commonly used ones because we still had plenty to laugh about and plenty to cry about, whether it was because of the pandemic or not,” said Lauren Gawne, a senior lecturer in linguistic at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. “Even in the midst of this massive global pandemic that preoccupied so much of our time,” She added. “We still spent a lot of time wishing each other happy birthday or checking or laughing about some new and unexpected elements of this slow-burning weirdness.” 13．Why does the tears of joy emoji ranked No.1 despite the dislike from the Z generation? A．The emoji is a purely Z generation thing. B．The Z generation are too young to influence the rank. C．Though they dislike it, the Z generation vote for it ultimately. D．The Z generation take up a very small portion in emoji users. 14．What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．the virus emoji B．a Covid emoji C．the use of the virus emoji D．the rise in the use of the virus emoji 15．Why wasn’t the virus emoji popular according to Lauren Gawne? A．The massive global pandemic has come to an end. B．The pandemic has little influence on people’s daily life. C．We have a broad range of expression for communication. D．Some new and useful emojis are created to replace the virus emoji. 16．What is probably the best title for the passage? A．The Pandemic and the Emoji. B．Gen Z, the Emoji Generation. C．The Emoji of the Year. D．The Rise of Virus Emoji （五） （23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期末）Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles. Al programs called generative adversarial networks (生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other. Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowdsourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people. Each set consisted of 100 people from each of four ethnic groups: white, Black, East Asian and South Asian. This group had an accuracy rate of 48.2 percent—slightly worse than chance. A second group of 219 participants were given training to recognize computer-generated faces. This group had an accuracy rate of 59 percent, but this difference is negligible (可忽略的), says Nightingale. The researchers also asked a separate group of 223 participants to rate a selection of the same faces on their level of trustworthiness, on a scale of 1 to 7. They rated the fake faces as 8 percent more trustworthy, on average, than the real faces—a small yet significant difference, according to Nightingale. That might be because artificial faces look more like “average” human faces, and people are more likely to trust typical-looking faces, she says. Looking at the extremes, the four faces rated most untrustworthy were real, whereas the three most trustworthy faces were fake. “We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale. To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.” 17．What can we know about GANs? A．GANs can cheat trained observers. B．GANs should be used under strict legal frameworks. C．GANs can generate artificial pictures close to real ones. D．GANs-generated Images can not be distinguished from real ones. 18．Why did Nightingale and Farid carry out the research? A．To warn people the risk of online fraud. B．To train people to discover fake photos online. C．To see if people can distinguish fake faces from real ones. D．To test whether GANs can create fake faces to fool people. 19．What does Nightingale mean in the last paragraph? A．Stricter laws and regulations should be imposed. B．Effective ways are needed but not found yet. C．Watermarks are an effective way against fake images. D．Responsibility should be taken by developers to prevent misuse of fake images. 20．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Development of Internet scams. B．Development of AI technology C．Will fake faces look more trustworthy? D．Legal frameworks for GANs （六） （23-24高二上·浙江温州·期末）Have you ever wondered what happens to your mobile phones and laptops after you throw them out to make way for a newer model? According to its latest Global E-Waste Monitor, India is the third top producer of e-waste in the world. E-waste in Indian landfill goes on to pollute soil and groundwater, affecting food supply systems and water sources. Thankfully, the country has a new group of artists who are changing these thrown mechanical items-from mobile phones to old televisions- into large murals (壁画) and artworks to creatively show their concern for the waste problem. Over the past quarter of a century, Mumbai’s Haribaabu Naatesan has transformed hundreds of tonnes of e-waste into art, integrating elements from nature and industry. “I get my waste material from friends, relatives and neighbours who know my interest in e-art and send me bags of thrown electronic appliances,” says Naatesan. Over his career, he has created huge murals for several companies. He has also showed his work at the India Art Fair, as well as several other national displays. Another artist Vishwanath Davangere has also long worked with e-waste. He likes to take apart old laptops and reassemble (重新组装) them into birds, animals and plants. After retirement, he started pursuing this hobby more seriously and started selling his creations across the world. His most outstanding works include a robotic Egyptian statue with glowing red eyes and a Milky Way made from keyboard keys. He hopes to enable others to reconsider their own consumption habits and make more environmentally conscious choices. “By giving e-waste a second chance, I aim to raise awareness about the environmental impact of electronic waste.” says Davangare, who today has a collection of more than 600 eco-art objects. 21．Why do the artists create artworks from E-waste? A．To promote their artistic career. B．To update electronic appliances. C．To make profits for several companies. D．To express their environmental concern. 22．What can we learn about Naatesan from paragraph 3? A．His creations are displayed globally. B．He gains support from people around. C．He has been creating e-art for 10 years. D．His works integrate technology and history. 23．Which of the following best describes Davangere? A．Reliable. B．Confident. C．Devoted. D．Generous. 24．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．E-waste Recycling Sweeping the World B．Environmental Problems Worrying Indians C．An Art Movement Turning Trash into Cash D．Indian Creatives Transforming E-waste into Art （七） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot. “We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy (共情),” said Dr Koji Inoue, the lead author of the research. “So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter.” The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm (算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations. “Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,” said Inoue. “We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend. “One of the things we’d keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter,” points out Prof. Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute. “But with their development, they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what’s going on.” 25．Why did Inoue’s team develop the AI system? A．To better understand human empathy. B．To promote the social skills of robots. C．To explore the differences between laughs. D．To assist robots in identifying people's moods. 26．What can robot Erica probably do at present? A．Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues B．Distinguish people by hearing their laughs C．Recreate a scene played by the four actresses D．Master the features of laughs provided by data. 27．What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Potential. B．Barrier. C．Alternative. D．Division. 28．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Are AI systems going beyond human ability? B．Can conversational AI really understand us? C．Laughing robots are round the conner. D．Robots become laughing masters. （八） （23-24高二上·广东揭阳·期末）There’s nothing like a good night’s sleep-but what does that really mean? It turns out that the answer depends not only on your age, but also on your lifestyle. Some people are productive and happy with fewer hours of sleep, while others need more. Still, experts can determine guidelines that work for most people. The National Sleep Foundation researched the topic and gave new recommendations this week. The foundation acknowledge s that sleep needs will very lifestyle and stress should be taken into consideration but their recommendations offer a general guideline. For example, teenagers (14-17 years old) need 8-10 hours’ sleep every day. To create the recommendations, some sleep and medical experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published during the last decade. This is the first time that a professional organization has developed age -specific recommended sleep durations (时长)bbased on systematic review of the world scientific literature. A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain, because that causes an increase in appetite, according to the foundation. It can also have serious consequences on the brain. People who do not get enough sleep are at increased risk for depression (抑郁症), and can endanger others. Those who become sleepy while driving, for example, risk both their lives and the lives of those around them. Researchers also have found in the past that too much sleep can have negative effects. Low socioeconomic status and depression reportedly are significantly associated with longer sleep. However, experts nowadays find that research on oversleeping is still doubtful and needs more attention. Currently, there is no strong evidence that sleeping too much has health consequences. There is, however, laboratory evidence that short sleep durations of four to five hours have negative consequences. We need similar laboratory studies to determine whether long sleep durations result in physiological changes that could lead to disease before we make any recommendations against sleep extension. 29．Which is TRUE about sleeping time? A．The time you need for sleep is related to your personal situation. B．Experts’ guideline for sleeping time applies to all the people. C．The less you sleep, the more productive you are. D．The more you sleep, the more energetic you are. 30．The research shows that people without enough sleep will ______. A．lose some weight B．eat more food C．dream during their sleep D．drive faster than usual 31．From Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______. A．too much sleep may result in social changes B．researchers now agree with those in the past C．more research on oversleeping is needed D．research on oversleeping is quite persuasive 32．From which section of a newspaper is the passage most probably taken? A．Health. B．Psychology. C．Sport. D．Education. （九） （23-24高二上·广东深圳·期末）What can a seal teach us about the deep ocean? Plenty-as long as it’s wearing satellite-linked devices on its head. Clive McMahon, who works on an elephant seal tagging project at the University of Tasmania in Australia, said that deep-diving seals can provide scientists with a wealth of information on the structure of the ocean floor. To gather this information, McMahon and his team attached small satellite-linked devices to seals. The devices took measurements of temperature and depth as the seals swam. Since 2004, McMahon’s team has tracked more than 500, 000 individual seal dives beneath the East Antarctic continental shelf, which is the edge of a continent that lies under the ocean. “Given the remote nature of Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean, only a small part of the Antarctic continental shelf was surveyed by ships in the past,” McMahon said. “So the information available about this area is sparse.” But seals are helping scientists fill in the pieces to this puzzle. In July 2023, McMahon and his team published a study about their work with deep-diving seals in a scientific journal. Information from seal dives is helping scientists understand how the ocean affects Antarctica’s role in global climate. “We found in some regions that more than 25 percent of previous estimates of the ocean depths were wrong.” said Mark Hindell, who also worked on the study. “We only know this now because the seals were diving hundreds of meters below those depths. In the most extreme cases, they dived more than 1, 000 meters (3,281feet) deeper than what we thought was the ‘ocean floor’”. The data, or information, from the dives also revealed new underwater features, including troughs, which are long, wide and deep sunken areas in the ocean floor. Thanks to the seals, the scientists also found a deep canyon near the Vanderford Glacier, which is as low-moving river of ice hundreds or thousands of meters deep. 33．What is the main purpose of the article? A．Analyzing East Antarctic shelf’s geography. B．Discussing ocean impacts on climate change. C．Describing satellite devices in ocean research. D．Introducing seals’ role in collecting ocean data. 34．Which is closest in meaning to “sparse” in paragraph 3? A．Limited. B．Plentiful. C．Complex. D．Unrelated. 35．Why is the seal-gathered data considered important? A．Seals dive deeper than other marine animals. B．Seals are able to replace extensive ship surveys. C．Seals are equipped with advanced technology in devices. D．Seals access remote ocean areas beyond human’s knowledge. 36．What might the article continue talking about? A．The impact of seal dives on ocean ecosystem research. B．The challenges faced by scientists in tracking seal dives. C．The significance of the newly discovered underwater features. D．The applications of satellite-linked devices in other animal studies. （十） （23-24高二上·湖北荆门·期末）Dopamine (多巴胺), known as the “source of pleasure”, is a chemical that is released in the brain and provides people with a feeling of reward and motivation. Now, China’s young people are seeking to wear that joyfulness on their bodies, giving rise to the fashion craze — “dopamine dressing style”. Mainly characterized by bright colors, this dressing style is described by many Chinese netizens as “healing” and “a mood booster”. It is part-fashion, part-mindfulness. Dopamine dressing is nothing new. In fact, a study published in 2012 found that when participants were asked to wear clothing that held some symbolic meaning, their perceived (感知的) confidence increased. The study determined that clothing can have a direct impact on their psychological process. Another 2015 study found that the outfits we wear can directly influence how we think. It suggested that dressing in a certain way can influence the way we make decisions. “What we wear is how we show ourselves to those we interact with—we are influenced by their reaction to it. If we are well received, it builds up our confidence and can eventually affect our wellbeing.” one of the leading researchers, Mair added. Actually, dopamine dressing is different for everyone. It’s about wearing the clothes that make you feel good. It could be joggers and a sport shirt; it could be your favorite pair of jeans; or it could be that dress you were saving for a special occasion. In a word, it’s ok to wear anything that can boost your mood. Color psychologist Karen Haller said: “Color is a great way to lift our spirits and boost our moods in an instant. Our confidence can be boosted when we wear colors that we love and feel good in. We instinctively feel and behave differently when we take the colors in through our eyes and through the part of our brain where our emotions reside.” Ultimately, dopamine dressing is whatever makes you feel good. 37．What makes the dopamine dressing a real hit according to paragraph 1? A．Its featuring only bright colors. B．Its healing and boosting function. C．Its impacting on people’s confidence. D．Its allowing people to wear differently 38．What can we infer from the two studies mentioned in the passage? A．Dopamine dressing is simply a new concept of dressing. B．Dopamine dressing is beneficial to our mental health. C．Dopamine dressing has little to do with our decision making. D．Dopamine dressing can drive us to interact with more people. 39．Which of the following can be considered as dopamine dressing? A．All the students wear school uniform on Mondays. B．My father has to put on a heavy coat in cold weather. C．Jack often follows the trend to buy clothes in dark colors. D．The girl chooses her favorite skirt for her birthday party. 40．Why does the author write the article? A．To demonstrate a pleasant dressing style. B．To convince us to buy more fashionable clothes. C．To arouse our curiosity of the dopamine dressing. D．To promote more people to accept dopamine dressing. （十一） （23-24高二上·湖北黄冈·期末）While you’re hiding away the Christmas presents, animals are storing food for the winter! Many animals “cache” (贮藏) or hide food for time to come, similar to how we stock our pantries with food. In the winter months, caching allows animals to survive when food is scarce. Some animals, such as bobcats and mountain lions, leave dead animals’ bodies for short periods of time buried beneath surrounding vegetation. Other animals, such as rodents and birds, store seeds for long periods of time in places they’ll return to weeks or even months later. Hiding food throughout an animal’s home range is known as scatter hoarding. This keeps the caches low and less enticing to any potential thieves. However, this technique requires a good memory, as the food is often in dozens, if not hundreds, of different locations. Another caching technique involves animals collecting food in only a couple of places, referred to as larder hoarding. These caches are often found in cavities such as a hollow tree or a hole in the ground. They are easier to find but require lots of defensive measures. Here are some of the animals that cache in the Peach State: Birds such as chickadees, nuthatches, titmice and jays can store hundreds of seeds in a single day. Each seed is placed in a different location, and they usually remember where each is, even months later. Flying squirrels store a variety of seeds, nuts and acorns in their nests and in trees. These nocturnal squirrels will even bury seeds in the ground. It is believed that a single lying squirrel can store over 15,000 seeds in a year! Moles trap live earthworms underground. The mole bites the earthworm’s head off, and colder temperatures slow the earthworm down. If the weather warms up before the mole has a chance to consume its prey, however, earthworms can regrow their heads and tunnel their way to freedom. 41．In what respect are the first two paragraphs similar? A．Using comparison as a method of exposition. B．Stressing the importance of storing to animals. C．Revealing differences in food storage among different animals. D．Discussing the threat seasonal change brings to animals’ survival. 42．What does the underlined word “enticing” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Familiar. B．Harmful. C．Appealing. D．Suffient. 43．What does the author think of larder hoarding? A．It is a test for animals’ memory. B．It is time-saving and eco-friendly. C．It can easily ensure caches’ safety. D．It bring animals convenience as well as risk. 44．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Moles take earthworms as their only food resource. B．Chickadees adopt scatter hoarding to store their seeds. C．A flying squirrel is better at storing seeds than any bird. D．Earthworms have no chance of survival once bitten by moles. （十二） （23-24高二上·湖北恩施·期末）Have you ever had the urge to open a book and stick your nose straight into the pages? The smell of old books can refresh any book lover. We don’t know why, but it is just pleasant to us. Describing the smell can be a challerige. And mere adjectives will likely be of little use to future generations of historians trying to document, understand or reproduce the scent (气味) of slowly decaying (腐朽) books. Now, that task may have just gotten easier thanks to the Historic Book Odor Wheel. In one experiment, researchers asked visitors at the historic library to characterize the scents they smelled. All the visitors selected words like “woody”, “smoky” and “earthy” from the list and described the smell’s intensity and perceived pleasantness. In another experiment, the study authors presented visitors to the Birmingham Museum with eight smells — one of which was an unlabeled historic book scent and seven were non-bookish, such as coffee. chocolate, fish market and dirty clothes. The researchers then had those museum-goers describe the historic book smell. The top two responses? Chocolate and coffee. “You tend to use familiar associations to describe smells when they are unlabeled.” study author Cecilia Bembibre says. The team even analyzed the volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in the book and the library. Using the data from the chemical analysis and visitors’ smell descriptions, the researchers created the Historic Book Odor Wheel to document the “historic library smell”. Main categories such as “sweet/spicy” fill the inner circle of the wheel; descriptors such as “chocolate/cream” fill the middle; and the chemical compounds likely to be the smelly source, like furfural, fill the outer circle. The researchers want the book ad or wheel to be a tool that “untrained noses” can use to identify smells and the compounds causing them, which could address conservators’ concerns about material composition and historic paper conservation. And hopefully, smells of the past can be reproduced in the lab someday and museums and historians can use it to reconstruct a past we can no longer smell. 45．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A．A strange reading habit. B．Addiction to reading books. C．A dislike for smelling books. D．Fascination for smells of books. 46．How do people usually describe unlabeled smells? A．By referring to familiar items. B．By using adjectives to label them. C．By linking them with food smells. D．By analyzing chemical components. 47．What is the function of the “Historic Book Odor Wheel”? A．To characterize smells. B．To store book smells. C．To collect history books. D．To test different scents. 48．What is the potential future application of the study? A．Creating a whole new scent. B．Sharpening sensory perceptions. C．Restoring smells of historic documents. D．Removing components of “old book smell”. （十三） （23-24高二上·北京通州·期末）Have you ever wondered what happens to all of the old object s launched into space, such as rockets and satellites? It’s called space junk, and much of it is still out there now. According to NASA, the definition of space junk is “any man-made object in orbit (轨道) around Earth that no longer serves a useful function”. One large piece of space junk, an abandoned rocket, hit the dark side of the moon on March 4. The rocket’s origin is not clear, but scientists know that it was massive—weighing about 3 tons. It must have left a large crater (坑), estimated 10 to 20 meters wide, on the moon’s surface. It won’t be visible right away, but scientists are trying to locate it. “We will find the crater, eventually,” Mark Robinson, lead investigator for NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera, told USA TODAY. “Depending on its location, it could take as long as 28 days.” What’s significant about this space junk crash is that it draws attention to some of the potential dangers of space junk. First, the accumulation of space junk in Earth’s orbit means that satellites and the International Space Station (ISS) are at risk. In 2016, tiny space debris (残骸),smaller than a millimeter, caused a tiny chip in the ISS’ window. Imagine the damage that a larger piece of debris could cause. The European Space Agency website states that objects “up to 1 cm in size could disable an instrument or a critical flight system on a satellite” while objects over 10 cm “could shatter a satellite or spacecraft into pieces”. If this sounds terrifying, that’s because it is. Any collision (碰撞) with larger pieces of debris could be especially dangerous for manned spacecraft. In addition to potential damage to spacecraft and satellites, space junk also poses a threat to the Earth itself Crashes can send debris into the atmosphere where it can remain for many decades. Some powerful collisions can even send large debris hurtling (猛冲) toward Earth’s surface where it can affect the local environment. Leftover rocket debris can contain toxic materials that are harmful to plant and animal life. Some people in Siberia have even reported serious health problems after rocket debris landed in their regions in 2012, a local doctor told the BBC． 49．Which of the following can be regarded as space junk? A．A disused space station. B．A spacecraft orbiting the moon. C．A crater on the moon’s surface. D．A satellite working in low Earth orbit. 50．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Locating the crater. B．Tracking the rocket. C．Cleaning up the space junk. D．Finding out the rocket’s origin. 51．What can be inferred about space junk from the last paragraph? A．It’s likely to cause a global environmental crisis. B．It’s impossible to stop it from entering the atmosphere. C．It can cause a lasting threat if it remains in the atmosphere. D．The toxic materials contained in space junk are the biggest risk. （十四） （23-24高二上·北京房山·期末）As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.” Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. 52．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．give an example B．introduce a topic C．reach a conclusion D．make a comparison 53．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A．To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries. B．To compare different types of park-goers. C．To explain why the park attracts tourists. D．To collect data from the park. 54．What should we do before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A．Create a new language. B．Develop communication skills. C．Conserve the Earth. D．Educate people. （十五） （23-24高二上·北京西城·期末）An AI model can be used to detect stress in office workers based on how they use their mouse and keyboard. A new study suggests that a machine-learning model using these two elements was more accurate at detecting stress in people than a model that tracked their heart-rate data. “We saw that the models that just used the mouse and keyboard data performed better than the models that had the heart-rate data in it,” says Mart Naegelin. a Ph. D．student at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, and one of the study’s authors. Naegelin and her fellow researchers used machine-learning models to analyze data on keyboard-typing activity, mouse movements and heart-rate data. They also studied the data of a combination of two or all three of these elements to determine which performed best in terms of measuring stress. They found that the model trained on mouse and keyboard data performed better than the model that used mouse, keyboard and heart rates. Of the single-modality (形态) models, the heart-rate data performed the worst. “The test was conducted in an environment that simulated an office environment, so the results still need to be confirmed in real-life scenarios (情况),” Naegelin says. In the experiment, participants were divided into three groups. A control group carried out assigned tasks, such as planning meetings and collecting data, with no additional work. A second group at times answered questions from managers in person in a mock interview scenario while completing other assigned tasks. And members of a third group were, at certain points, interrupted with additional questions sent through an online chat on top of tasks assigned to other groups. At regular intervals during the experiment, participants were asked to rate their stress levels through a computer questionnaire. Researchers learned that workers made longer, less accurate movements with their mouse, as well as more typing errors, when they were stressed. Shorter, more direct movements with the mouse were tied to lower stress levels. The study didn’t focus on why increased levels of stress are thought to affect muscle activity. The researchers say they believe a stress-detection system that logs keyboard and mouse movements might be beneficial as a self-help tool for employees alongside other initiatives to improve workplace mental health. But employee participation would need to be optional and based on informed consent (同意), and companies would need to commit to protecting user privacy. It remains to be seen how this technology will evolve and be adopted in practice, but the potential for AI to contribute positively to employee well-being is an appealing avenue for future exploration. 55．What do we know from Naegelin’s study? A．Heart-rate data has little connection with stress. B．Mouse and keyboard data proves effective in stress detection. C．Mouse data performs worst in measuring stress among all models. D．Using more elements in a model increases accuracy in stress detection. 56．What is Paragragh 5 mainly about? A．The research process. B．The research findings. C．The research purpose. D．The research background. 57．What can we learn from the passage? A．AI models based on mouse and keyboard data have been widely applied. B．Naegelin’s study explains why muscle activity can affect stress levels. C．Employers need to respect employees’ privacy while detecting stress. D．A stress-detection system improves physical health at the workplace. 58．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To introduce a new model to detect stress. B．To compare different models in stress detection. C．To show the disadvantages of being overstressed. D．To state the importance of a stress-detection system. （十六） （23-24高二上·天津和平·期末）You sitting in the classroom waiting for the teacher to pass out the tests, the door opened and a man walked in, but he wasn’t the regular teacher. You tried to say that you were in the wrong place, but couldn’t open the mouth. You kept trying but it was useless. Finally, you yelled, “Wait!”. Then you opened the eyes and realized it was only a crazy dream. What happens to our minds and bodies when we’re asleep? To find out, scientists have set up “sleep laboratories.”, where scientists use machines to keep track of people’s heartbeats, watch their muscular (肌肉的) movements and their brainwaves are recorded too. Scientists believe that people go through five stages of sleep. All five stages are repeated four to six times each night. Stage one is a very light sleep. But stage four is the deepest sleep of all. If you’re very tired, you will spend a lot of time in stage four. Then you pass into the fifth state. Your heart starts beating faster. Your eyes move back and forth very quickly under closed lids. You are dreaming. The fifth stage is called REM sleep, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement. How do scientists know all this? They work with sleep volunteers. If you were a sleep volunteer, this is what scientists would do. Every time you went into REM sleep, they would wake you up. After a few nights, you might start going into REM sleep sooner and more often than usual. The scientists would be kept very busy trying to wake you up. They might think you were trying hard to make up for the lost dream time! What this may mean is that people need to dream  just as they need to sleep. When you’ve been asleep, your mind doesn’t turn off. It keeps on thinking. And your sleeping mind turns your thoughts into a technicolor movie with sound, lights, and a huge cast. Sometimes you may dream you are being chased by something you can’t see. Sometimes you may fall without getting hurt. And in some dreams, your best friend turns into a monster, or your cat talks. Dreams can be scary, funny, or just plain boring. But what do they mean? In ancient times, people said dreams told them about the future. Today most experts think that dreams teach people about themselves. You may not understand all your dreams, but at least you can enjoy them. In your dreams, you can discover a whole other world! 59．What is the purpose of setting up sleep laboratories? A．To watch and take care of people while they are asleep. B．To find out what happens to our minds and bodies when we are asleep. C．To find out the five stages of sleep. D．To find out what’s REM sleep. 60．From Paragraph 3 we know that A．the same dream may repeat all the time B．people dream only when they are tired C．everyone dreams at night D．when you dream you are in the deepest sleep 61．According to the passage, why are scientists busy waking up volunteers during the test? A．To disrupt their sleep patterns. B．To monitor the occurrence of dreaming. C．To ensure they sleep well enough. D．To observe their muscular movements. 62．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage? A．Dreams can be mysterious and unpredictable. B．Dream analysis has been consistent throughout history. C．Experts believe dreams provide self-insight. D．People enjoy dreams even if they don’t understand them. （十七） （23-24高二上·天津河东·期末）Have you ever lost something in a hard-to-reach space, like behind a couch or a cupboard? Wouldn’t it be nice to just be able to squeeze (挤) in and out? New innovations in the field of robotics will soon be able to make this nice idea into a reality. In a study published on Jan 25 in the science journal Matter, engineers from The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Carnegie Mellon University in the US have developed small robots that can quickly change back and forth from liquid to solid states. According to the website Mashable, the scientists were inspired by sea cucumbers (海参). They are able to change the stiffness (僵硬度) of their body or reduce the potential for physical damage. The robots in the study were made from gallium, a soft metal with a low melting point of 30℃. The scientists then used changes in the magnetic field to control the magnetic particles (粒子) inside the gallium material to provide heat. This heat then allowed the robots to change between solid and liquid states as well as to move around. As the website Tech Xplore pointed out, other similar materials require external heat sources such as heat guns and electrical currents to induce (触发) a change of states; but now, the robots can use a heat source inside itself to change states independently. During the robots’ experimental trials, the scientists conducted a number of tests. These tests included having the robots melt into liquid and reform to escape a prison-like cage. The robot is also able to build and repair hard-to-reach circuits (电路). The robots’ ability to switch between states of matter allows for a number of possible uses and advancements in different fields, such as he biomedical and circuit assembly (组装) industries. Still, in the words of senior author Carmel Majidi at Carnegie Mellon University, for now these are all just “proofs of concept” which show the abilities of these new kinds of robots. 63．What can we learn about the small robots? A．Chinese and British scientists co-produced them. B．Sea cucumbers provided inspiration for them. C．They were made from a newly invented material. D．They can switch between three states of matter. 64．How did scientists change the state of the robots? A．By using heat guns. B．By employing a heat source. C．By using electrical currents. D．By controlling the magnetic particles. 65．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The features of the robots. B．The limitations of the robots. C．The applications of the robots. D．The challenges of testing the robots. 66．What can be inferred about the robots from Majidi’s words? A．They have great market potential. B．Their abilities are overstated. C．More proof is needed for their abilities. D．It will take more time for them to be widely used. （十八） （23-24高二上·湖南娄底·期末）Many people cannot live without modern technology products, especially their  smart phones. They use devices to stay in contact with family and friends while driving. The most common method of communication is by sending written messages, a custom known as texting. A new study suggests that more than half of U. S. parents believe texting while driving a car or other vehicles is unsafe. Yet most of those questioned said they do it anyway. The finding was reported earlier this month in a scientific publication. Researchers questioned 435 parents from across the United States. Regan Bergmark, who led the survey, said that many people believe texting while driving is unsafe but have also likely done it. In fact, the survey found that 52 percent of millennial (千禧年的) parents said they thought it was “never” safe to text and drive. The same goes for 58 percent of older parents. But almost two-thirds of parents reported reading texts while driving, and more than half of them have also written texts.Millennial parents were more likely to use email while driving and drive faster than the speed limit. “The problem with smartphones is that they have become an unavoidable part of daily life for most people,” Regan said. “Many people are expected to be reachable by phone or email immediately, to be reachable for their children or work.Being a responsible adult therefore often means always being reachable-yet we also know that while driving.Being reachable carries with it the risk of a crash. ” In general,it is never safe to use a smartphone while driving. There are a number of APPs that can help to limit distracted (分心的) driving by disabling phone features, when the vehicle is in motion. The simplest thing to do is put the phone out of sight and out of reach to reduce the temptation (诱惑) to drive distractedly. 67．What is the main problem described in Paragraph 2? A．People use smartphones to keep in touch with others. B．People tend to drive faster than the speed limit. C．People tend to write text messages rather than use email. D．People use smartphones while driving despite the danger. 68．What can we infer from Regan’s words? A．People in modern society can’t live without smartphones. B．People are expected to be reachable every second. C．It’s unwise to be always reachable while driving. D．It’s dangerous to drive because of the risk of a crash. 69．In the last paragraph, the author means to . A．summarize the previous paragraphs B．provide some advice for the readers C．add some background information D．introduce a new topic for discussion 70．Where is the text most likely from? A．A novel. B．A guidebook. C．A scientific report. D．A medical magazine. （十九） （23-24高二上·安徽宣城·期末）In a new study of more than 50,000 Korean adolescents, those who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of adverse mental health and substance use. Jin Hwa Moon and Jong Ho Cha of Hanyang University Medical Center, Korea, and colleagues presented these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on December 6, 2023. Previous research has shown that smartphone use among adolescents has increased in recent years, and that this usage may be associated with higher risk of adverse health, such as psychiatric disorders (精神紊乱), sleep issues, and eye-related problems. However, growing evidence suggests that at least some daily internet usage may be associated with better physical and mental health for adolescents. To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents ‘use of smartphones and health, Moon, Cha and colleagues analyzed data on more than 50,000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in 2020. The data included the approximate number of daily hours each participant spent on a smartphone as well as various health measures. The researchers found that in 2020, the percentage of adolescents in the study who used a smartphone more than 2 hours per day was 85.7 percent — up from 64.3 percent in 2017. Adolescents who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress, thoughts of suicide, and substance use than those with usage below 4 hours per day. However, adolescents that used a smartphone 1-2 hours per day encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a smartphone at all. The authors note that this study does not confirm a causal relationship between smartphone use and adverse health outcomes. However, the findings could help inform usage guidelines for adolescents—especially if daily usage continues to rise. 71．What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Related. B．Negative. C．Favorable. D．Positive. 72．What can be inferred about the results of the new study? A．Smartphone use is harmful to teenagers. B．A growing number of teenagers use smartphones. C．A proper amount of smartphone use is beneficial. D．The more use of smartphones, the higher risks of men tal health. 73．How did researchers carry out the study? A．By comparing different studies. B．By studying adolescents’ health. C．By analyzing previous information. D．By collecting data from participants. 74．What would be the best title for the text? A．Smartphone use among teenagers on the rise. B．Smartphone use accounting for poor mental health. C．Right smartphone use leading to fewer problems in teenagers. D．Overuse of smartphones linked to mental health risks in teenagers. （二十） （23-24高二上·安徽合肥·期末）Patients often come into my office and ask, “How can I look younger?” While I always suggest healthy living — a balanced diet and regular exercise — in order to look and feel younger, I have never thought of facial exercises as part of that plan. That is, until a recent study, published in JAMA Dermatology (皮肤学), showed promising results that routine facial exercise may slow the merciless tide of time. The theory behind the study originates from the fact that a major part of facial aging is due to the loss of fat and soft tissue, which leads to the growth and spread of wrinkles. If we can lift weights at the gym and enlarge muscles in arms, why couldn’t the same be done for muscles in our faces, therefore to create a more youthful face? The concept of facial exercise is not a new one. A simple Internet search will produce a lot of blog posts and books on the subject, as well as various programs that promise to be the next fountain of youth. What the JAMA Dermatology researchers did in their study, which was the first of its kind, was to examine this question from a more strict scientific aspect. They enrolled 27 women between the ages of 40 and 65 to perform daily, 30-minute exercises for eight weeks, and then continue every other day for a total of 20 weeks. Dermatologists who did not know the participants were asked to rate their photographs before and after the exercise. The dermatologists found an improvement in cheek fullness and estimated the age of the participants at 51 years of age at the start of the program and 48 at the end of the 20-week study. Furthermore, all the participants felt improvement in their own facial appearance at the end of the study. While these results seem exalting, the study has some obvious limitations. Of the 27 patients involved, 11 gave up before completing the study. One reason may be that the program was too time-consuming, clocking in at 30 minutes a day. The overall small size of the study also limits its generalizability to the larger population. In addition, there was also no control group, which would have helped reduce the possibility that this improvement happened by chance. It’s also hard to draw conclusions about the longevity of these results. Probably the exercises must be continued to keep their effects. But for how long? And how frequently? Which exercises are most effective? Most studies are needed to answer these questions. 75．What is the author’s attitude towards the study published in JAMA Dermatology? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Opposed. D．Indifferent 76．According to the passage, which statement is true? A．Though the concept of facial exercise is new, much information about it can be found on the Internet. B．Some participants did not feel improvement in their facial appearance at the end of the study. C．If there is a control group, the possibility that the improvement in the facial appearance happened by chance will be increased. D．The reason why some participants quit the study before it was completely may be that they had not enough time. 77．What does the underlined word exalting mean? A．Exciting. B．Challenging. C．Frustrating. D．Calming. 78．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The study published in JAMA Dermatology is not reliable. B．Healthy living is the only way to make someone look and feel young. C．More studies are needed to further the present study on facial exercises. D．As a dermatologist, the author was involved in the research project on facial exercises. 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解之说明文 （一） （23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期末）Is boredom a thing of the past, like black-and-white television? And, if so, is that a good thing? Julie Robinson, a former teacher who now represents the Independent Association of Prep Schools, thinks that boredom is regarded as an enemy of today’s children, and they are losing the ability to become thoughtful and reflective (沉思的). “We should not fear boredom.” said Julie Robinson. “Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,” she added. Her opinion is that constant (连续不断的) activity for a child, often the result of the dreams of parents, will lead to concerned and worrying adult. The traditional ideas that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves a greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed. Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek an electronic devices (设备) to play games at once. And we didn’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. So what chance do children have to allow their thoughts to wander? But it’s not just children who need lessons in reflection. Adults need that, too. On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability — among adults as well as children — to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon: the fear of “inactivity”. And she is right. 1．Julie Robinson thinks boredom is useful because it makes children_________. A．find effective solutions to social problems B．improve the ability to learn knowledge C．have time to think and have their imagination developed D．communicate more with their parents and friends 2．Which of the following is seen as “inactivity” according to the last paragraph? A．Sending emails on a train. B．Playing games with friends. C．Planning constant activity for children. D．Looking out of the window at the beautiful views. 3．The author mentioned the train journey to show that_________. A．the trip on a quiet train was very boring B．the view of the countryside was beautiful C．people had too much work to do D．electronic devices influence people’s life greatly 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Both adults and children like to stay alone and recall their past days. B．People fail to leave their children enough time to think and imagine. C．Electronic devices are always good for both children and adults. D．Parents should tell their children how to use a mobile phone. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现在人们都使用手机等电子产品来避免无聊，而作者认为无聊的存在是有其意义的——可以让孩子们在无聊中对一些问题进行思考。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中Julie Robinson说的话“Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,(无聊对孩子来说是有价值的。安静、沉思的时间和有目的的活动一样重要)”和第三段中“The traditional ideas that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves a greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed.(传统观念认为孩子应该不断活跃，这会阻碍他们想象力的发展。因此，任何能够提高更深思熟虑的事情都会受到热烈欢迎。)”可知，Julie Robinson认为无聊是有用的，因为它能让孩子们有时间思考，且发展他们的想象力。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability — among adults as well as children — to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon (现象): the fear of “inactivity”. (今天早上在去上班的火车上，我看不到一个人不使用电子设备。没有人只是简单地向窗外看县城的美景。没有时间安静的思考，即使在安静的图书馆。有邮件要发，有短信要读，有游戏要玩。更广阔的世界，似乎并不存在。手机已经改变了我们生活中的许多事情，并且已经使成年人和儿童都无法生活在当下。朱莉·罗宾逊认为这是一个跨代现象：对“不活跃”的恐惧。)”可知，“不活跃”现象指的是人们安静的这种状态，即上文提到的无聊现象，如今人们害怕无聊，所以会经常看手机，或者不间断的做一些打发无聊的事情。由此可推知，D项“望着窗外美丽的景色”被认为是一种“不活跃”现象。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability—among adults as well as children—to live in the present.(今天早上在去上班的火车上，我看不到一个人不使用电子设备。没有人只是简单地向窗外看县城的美景。没有时间安静的思考，即使在安静的图书馆。有邮件要发，有短信要读，有游戏要玩。更广阔的世界，似乎并不存在。手机已经改变了我们生活中的许多事情，并且已经使成年人和儿童都无法生活在当下。)”可推知，作者提到了火车旅行，是为了表明电子设备对人们的生活影响很大。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,(无聊对孩子来说是有价值的。安静、沉思的时间和有目的的活动一样重要)”和第四段中“Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek an electronic devices (设备) to play games at once. And we didn’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. (现在，当父母听到孩子抱怨无聊时，他们会感到一种失败感。他们寻找一种可以立即玩游戏的电子设备。在长途汽车旅行中，我们再也不会因为不耐烦地问“我们到了吗？”而感到无聊，因为各种各样的电子设备已经随身携带，以避免哪怕是一分钟的无聊。)”可知，人们没有给他们的孩子足够的时间去思考和想象。故选B。 （二） （23-24高二上·江苏淮安·期末）A plant-based diet seems to be the best option for human health. A team led by medical doctor Angelo Capodici of the University of Bologna in Italy has found that humans eating vegetarian (素食的) diets tend to have measurably better health outcomes in several areas. This does not mean that you should immediately excise meat from your diet, since the diet needs of individuals can vary significantly. What it does suggest is that making dietary changes might be a much more powerful tool for improving health outcomes, if it can be done safely. Since diet is easy to change, Capodici and his colleagues (同事) wanted to take a closer look at the impact of plant-based eating on the risk of these diseases. They studied the data collected from 48 reviews between January 2000 and June 2023, and found that vegetarian diets were associated with better health status on a number of risk factors for both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Overall, these plant-based diets were associated with better cholesterol (胆固醇) levels and blood sugar control, a lower risk of both cancer and heart disease compared to those of plant-and-meat eaters. The team noted, though, that vegetarian pregnant (怀孕的) women did not show a significantly lower risk of high blood pressure. They were also careful not to draw conclusions about plant-based foods being the only cause of these health improvements. It’s also worth noting that plant-based diets can result in vitamin and mineral shortage; and, of course, many different health conditions, such as allergies (过敏) require a careful, tailored approach to food. Because of these, the researchers caution against the large-scale adoption of plant-based diets. Rather, they say more targeted and more specific research should be conducted, in order to narrow down why these diets are positively correlated with better health. 5．What is the finding of the new research? A．Vegetarians are likely to have a healthier body. B．Individual dietary needs do not affect health outcomes. C．Humans should eat more vegetables to enjoy a longer life. D．Plant-based diets have become more popular in recent years. 6．What does the underlined word “excise” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Remove. B．Obtain. C．Distinguish. D．Steal. 7．How did the team conduct the research? A．By giving reasons. B．By analysing data. C．By listing examples. D．By making comparisons. 8．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Plant-based diets are an invitation to allergies among people. B．Plant-based diets can make up for vitamin and mineral shortage. C．Further researches should be focused on how to improve health. D．Individual health needs should be considered before diet changes. 【答案】5．A 6．A 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍意大利博洛尼亚大学医生安吉洛·卡波迪奇领导的研究团队发现，素食主义者在一些健康指标上表现更好。但研究人员警告不要大规模采用素食，应开展更有针对性的研究，以确定素食与健康之间的具体关联。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“A team led by medical doctor Angelo Capodici of the University of Bologna in Italy has found that humans eating vegetarian (素食的) diets tend to have measurably better health outcomes in several areas.”（由意大利博洛尼亚大学的医学博士安吉洛·卡波迪奇领导的一个团队发现，吃素食的人在几个方面的健康状况往往会明显好转。）可知，新的研究发现素食者可能拥有更健康的身体。故选A。 6．词句猜测题。根据指代关系可知，划线句“This does not mean that you should immediately excise meat from your diet”（这并不意味着你应该立即从饮食中excise肉类）中指示代词This指代的是第一段中的研究结论“素食者可能拥有更健康的身体”。鉴于此结论，人们可能会“immediately excise meat from your diet”，即“立即从饮食中去除肉类”，划线词excise与remove同义，意为“去除”。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They studied the data collected from 48 reviews between January 2000 and June 2023, and found that vegetarian diets were associated with better health status on a number of risk factors for both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer.”（他们研究了2000年1月至2023年6月间收集的48篇评论的数据，发现素食与心血管疾病和癌症的多种危险因素的健康状况有关。）可知，团队是通过分析数据来进行研究的。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Because of these, the researchers caution against the large-scale adoption of plant-based diets. Rather, they say more targeted and more specific research should be conducted, in order to narrow down why these diets are positively correlated with better health.”（由于这些原因，研究人员警告不要大规模采用植物性饮食。相反，他们说应该进行更有针对性和更具体的研究，以确定为什么这些饮食与更好的健康状况呈正相关。）可以推知，在进行饮食改变之前应该进行更有针对性和更具体的个体研究，考虑个人的健康需求。故选D。 （三） （23-24高二上·江苏连云港·期末）Packaging designers often combine a variety of elements — text, illustration, color — in complex designs meant to attract consumers’ attention. In many cases, according to a new series of studies, they'd get better results from a simpler approach. In the first study, the researchers worked with data from the U. S. supermarket chain Kroger. They gathered all product images across four consumable categories — shampoo, deodorant, crackers, and cereal — along with each product’s name, brand, retail (零售) price, and weight. Independent research assistants rated the images on complexity of design. Mapping the ratings against each product's price per ounce showed that the simpler the package was, the higher the product's unit price — suggesting that people are willing to pay more when items are presented simply. In the following experiments, the researchers created simple and complex packages for trail mix and showed one or the other to each of 362 university students. The students indicated the highest amount they would pay for the snack, reported whether they thought it contained few or many ingredients and how pure they believed it to be, and rated the package on attractiveness and simplicity. Those who saw the simple design were willing to pay more, even though they were less likely than people who saw the complex design to award high marks on attractiveness. The simple design got higher scores on purity, and participants believed the product contained fewer ingredients. Repeating the experiment with a different item — hand lotion (护手霜) — got similar results. “Simplifying packaging design may be an efficient way to convey product information independent of text,” the researchers write. Additional experiments showed that the boost from a simple design was less pronounced when the product's ingredients were highlighted on the package; consumers then had no need to guess purity. 9．How did the researchers carry out the first study? A．By talking to the staff from a supermarket. B．By recording opinions from local customers. C．By rating complexity of designs and improving them. D．By analyzing product images and related information. 10．The researchers repeated the experiment with hand lotion to find out ________. A．how to create simple packages B．how to get high marks on purity C．whether people preferred simpler designs D．why complex designs were more attractive 11．Which of the following may the researchers agree with? A．Categories of products should be highlighted. B．Managers should make package designs simpler. C．Sales of products should rely more on packaging. D．Researchers should focus on less pronounced facts. 12．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Less is more B．Quality over quantity C．The simpler, the healthier D．The more complex, the more expensive 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了包装设计师通常采用复杂的设计来吸引消费者，但一系列新研究表明，更简单的包装设计可能效果更好，并通过相关实验进行了论证。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They gathered all product images across four consumable categories—shampoo, deodorant, crackers, and cereal—along with each product’s name, brand, retail (零售) price, and weight. Independent research assistants rated the images on complexity of design. (他们收集了四个消费品类别——洗发水、除臭剂、饼干和麦片的所有产品图像，以及每个产品的名称、品牌、零售价格和重量。独立研究助理对设计的复杂程度进行了评级。)”可知，研究人员通过分析产品图像和相关信息进行了第一项研究。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Those who saw the simple design were willing to pay more, even though they were less likely than people who saw the complex design to award high marks on attractiveness. The simple design got higher scores on purity, and participants believed the product contained fewer ingredients. Repeating the experiment with a different item—hand lotion (护手霜)—got similar results. (看到简单设计的受试者愿意支付更高的价格，尽管他们比看到复杂设计的人更不可能在吸引力上给予高分。简单设计在纯净度上的评分更高，参与者认为产品含有的成份更少。用不同的产品——护手霜——重复实验得到了类似的结果。)”可知，研究人员用护手霜重复实验是为了弄清楚人们是否更喜欢简单的设计。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In many cases, according to a new series of studies, they'd get better results from a simpler approach. (在许多情况下，根据一系列新的研究，他们会从更简单的方法中获得更好的结果。)”以及第二段“Mapping the ratings against each product's price per ounce showed that the simpler the package was, the higher the product's unit price—suggesting that people are willing to pay more when items are presented simply. (将评分与每个产品每盎司的价格进行对比显示，包装越简单，产品的单价就越高——这表明当商品呈现得更简单时，人们愿意支付更多。)”，可以推断研究人员会同意管理者应该使包装设计更简单。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In many cases, according to a new series of studies, they'd get better results from a simpler approach. (在许多情况下，根据一系列新的研究，他们会从更简单的方法中获得更好的结果，)”、第二段“Mapping the ratings against each product's price per ounce showed that the simpler the package was, the higher the product's unit price—suggesting that people are willing to pay more when items are presented simply. (将评分与每个产品每盎司的价格进行对比显示，包装越简单，产品的单价就越高——这表明当商品呈现得更简单时，人们愿意支付更多，)”以及最后一段“Additional experiments showed that the boost from a simple design was less pronounced when the product's ingredients were highlighted on the package (额外的实验表明，当产品的成分在包装上被突出显示时，简单设计的提升效果就不那么明显了)”可知，文章通过一系列实验表明，简单的包装设计可能效果更好。故选A项。 （四） （23-24高二上·浙江绍兴·期末）The pandemic has affected nearly all aspects of modern life, from the clothes we wear to the food we eat. There is one thing, however, that has remained almost unchanged: the emojis we send. According to data from the Unicode Consortium (统一码联盟), nine of the 10 most-used emojis from 2019 also ranked among the top 10 this year. The tears of joy emoji ranked No.1, despite members of Gen Z deeming it uncool. “It speaks to how many people use emojis. If emojis were a purely Gen Z thing, then you wouldn’t see it so highly ranked,” said Alexander Robertson, an emoji researcher at Google. “Because of the large number of people using emojis, even if one group thinks something is lame, they have to be a really big group to affect these statistics.” And it makes sense that Gen Z would think that certain emojis aren’t fashionable. It’s part of the “teenager experience of creating a sense of subculture where there’s a right way and a wrong way of behaving.” Plus, there is a range of laughter that can be expressed: There’s light chuckling. There’s acknowledgement laughter, which is just a marker of empathy. Using emojis, such as the skull face (“I’m dead”) or crying face ( uncontrollable tears of laughter), can help to illustrate that range. “It basically indicates that we have what we need to communicate a broad range of expression, or even very specific concepts,” Mr Robertson said. “You don’t necessarily need a Covid emoji.” “We did see a rise in the use of the virus emoji. But it wasn’t made remotely into the most-commonly used ones because we still had plenty to laugh about and plenty to cry about, whether it was because of the pandemic or not,” said Lauren Gawne, a senior lecturer in linguistic at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. “Even in the midst of this massive global pandemic that preoccupied so much of our time,” She added. “We still spent a lot of time wishing each other happy birthday or checking or laughing about some new and unexpected elements of this slow-burning weirdness.” 13．Why does the tears of joy emoji ranked No.1 despite the dislike from the Z generation? A．The emoji is a purely Z generation thing. B．The Z generation are too young to influence the rank. C．Though they dislike it, the Z generation vote for it ultimately. D．The Z generation take up a very small portion in emoji users. 14．What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．the virus emoji B．a Covid emoji C．the use of the virus emoji D．the rise in the use of the virus emoji 15．Why wasn’t the virus emoji popular according to Lauren Gawne? A．The massive global pandemic has come to an end. B．The pandemic has little influence on people’s daily life. C．We have a broad range of expression for communication. D．Some new and useful emojis are created to replace the virus emoji. 16．What is probably the best title for the passage? A．The Pandemic and the Emoji. B．Gen Z, the Emoji Generation. C．The Emoji of the Year. D．The Rise of Virus Emoji 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．B 16．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了疫情没有改变人们对表情符号的使用情况。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“‘It speaks to how many people use emojis. If emojis were a purely Gen Z thing, then you wouldn’t see it so highly ranked,’ said Alexander Robertson, an emoji researcher at Google. ‘Because of the large number of people using emojis, even if one group thinks something is lame, they have to be a really big group to affect these statistics.’(谷歌表情符号研究员Alexander Robertson说，‘这说明有多少人使用表情符号。如果表情符号纯粹是Z世代的东西，那么你就不会看到它排名这么高。’‘由于使用表情符号的人很多，即使一个群体认为某件事很蹩脚，他们也必须是一个非常大的群体才能影响这些统计数据。’)”可知，在Z世代不喜欢的情况下，喜极而泣的表情却能排名第一的原因是Z世代在表情符号用户中所占的比例很小。故选D项。 14．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“We did see a rise in the use of the virus emoji.(我们确实看到使用病毒表情符号的人数有所增加。)”说明使用病毒表情符号的人数有所增加，从而推知划线词句“But it wasn’t made remotely into the most-commonly used ones because we still had plenty to laugh about and plenty to cry about, whether it was because of the pandemic or not(但它并没有成为最常用的词汇，因为不管是不是因为疫情，我们仍然有很多欢笑和哭泣的地方)”其中划线词指的是“病毒表情符号”的意思。故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘We did see a rise in the use of the virus emoji. But it wasn’t made remotely into the most-commonly used ones because we still had plenty to laugh about and plenty to cry about, whether it was because of the pandemic or not,’ said Lauren Gawne, a senior lecturer in linguistic at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia.(澳大利亚墨尔本拉筹伯大学语言学高级讲师Lauren Gawne说：‘我们确实看到病毒表情符号的使用有所增加。但它远没有成为最常用的词汇，因为不管是不是因为疫情，我们仍然有很多可以笑的地方，也有很多可以哭的地方。’)”和最后一段“‘Even in the midst of this massive global pandemic that preoccupied so much of our time,’ She added. ‘We still spent a lot of time wishing each other happy birthday or checking or laughing about some new and unexpected elements of this slow-burning weirdness.’(她补充说：‘即使在这场占据了我们大部分时间的大规模全球流行病期间。’‘我们仍然花了很多时间互相祝福生日快乐，或者检查或嘲笑这种缓慢燃烧的奇怪的一些新的和意想不到的元素。’)”可知，根据Lauren Gawne的说法，病毒表情符号不受欢迎的原因是疫情对人们的日常生活影响不大。故选B项。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“The pandemic has affected nearly all aspects of modern life, from the clothes we wear to the food we eat. There is one thing, however, that has remained almost unchanged: the emojis we send.(这场疫情几乎影响了现代生活的方方面面，从我们穿的衣服到我们吃的食物。然而，有一件事几乎没有改变：我们发送的表情符号。)”可知，本文主要讲述了疫情没有改变人们对表情符号的使用情况以及原因，C项为文章最佳标题。故选C项。 （五） （23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期末）Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles. Al programs called generative adversarial networks (生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other. Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowdsourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people. Each set consisted of 100 people from each of four ethnic groups: white, Black, East Asian and South Asian. This group had an accuracy rate of 48.2 percent—slightly worse than chance. A second group of 219 participants were given training to recognize computer-generated faces. This group had an accuracy rate of 59 percent, but this difference is negligible (可忽略的), says Nightingale. The researchers also asked a separate group of 223 participants to rate a selection of the same faces on their level of trustworthiness, on a scale of 1 to 7. They rated the fake faces as 8 percent more trustworthy, on average, than the real faces—a small yet significant difference, according to Nightingale. That might be because artificial faces look more like “average” human faces, and people are more likely to trust typical-looking faces, she says. Looking at the extremes, the four faces rated most untrustworthy were real, whereas the three most trustworthy faces were fake. “We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale. To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.” 17．What can we know about GANs? A．GANs can cheat trained observers. B．GANs should be used under strict legal frameworks. C．GANs can generate artificial pictures close to real ones. D．GANs-generated Images can not be distinguished from real ones. 18．Why did Nightingale and Farid carry out the research? A．To warn people the risk of online fraud. B．To train people to discover fake photos online. C．To see if people can distinguish fake faces from real ones. D．To test whether GANs can create fake faces to fool people. 19．What does Nightingale mean in the last paragraph? A．Stricter laws and regulations should be imposed. B．Effective ways are needed but not found yet. C．Watermarks are an effective way against fake images. D．Responsibility should be taken by developers to prevent misuse of fake images. 20．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Development of Internet scams. B．Development of AI technology C．Will fake faces look more trustworthy? D．Legal frameworks for GANs 【答案】17．C 18．C 19．D 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，该研究主要探讨了生成对抗网络（GANs）如何创建出逼真的假人脸图像，这些图像能够欺骗观察者，甚至训练过的观察者，以及这些图像可能如何被用于网络诈骗和创建虚假的社交媒体账号。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Al programs called generative adversarial networks(生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other.(被称为生成对抗网络或GANs的人工智能程序，可以通过让两个神经网络相互竞争，学会创建与真实图像越来越难以区分的假图像。)”可知，GANs是一种人工智能程序，可以通过让两个神经网络相互竞争，学会创建与真实图像越来越难以区分的假图像。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowdsourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people.( Nightingale和她在加州大学伯克利分校的同事Hany Farid在一个众包网站上招募了315名参与者，让他们回答是否能分辨出400张假照片和400张真人照片。)”可知，Nightingale和Farid进行这项研究的目的是看看人们是否能分辨出假脸和真脸。故选C。 19．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale. (Nightingale说：“我们需要更严格的道德准则和更多的法律框架，因为不可避免地会有人想要使用这些图像来造成伤害，这令人担忧。”)”以及最后一段“To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.”(为了降低这些风险，开发人员可以在图像上添加水印来标记它们是假的。她说。“在我看来，这已经够糟糕的了。如果我们不采取措施阻止它，情况只会变得更糟。”)”可知，Nightingale认为开发人员应该采取措施来标记假脸照片，以防止这些照片被用来对别人造成伤害。故选D。 20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles.(计算机生成的虚构人脸非常逼真，甚至可以骗过训练有素的观察者。它们可以很容易地在网上下载并用于网络诈骗和伪造社交媒体资料。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要聚焦于生成对抗网络（GANs）创建的假人脸图像如何逼真到足以欺骗观察者，以及这些图像可能如何被用于网络诈骗和创建虚假的社交媒体账号。文章还探讨了假人脸图像在信任度评价方面的影响，以及由此引发的对伦理和法律问题的关注。选项C“Will fake faces look more trustworthy? (假脸会看起来更可信吗？)” 最能概括文章的核心内容，即探讨假人脸图像的逼真性和其对人们信任度评价的影响。这个标题既体现了文章的核心讨论点，也具有一定的吸引力，能够引起读者的兴趣。故选C。 （六） （23-24高二上·浙江温州·期末）Have you ever wondered what happens to your mobile phones and laptops after you throw them out to make way for a newer model? According to its latest Global E-Waste Monitor, India is the third top producer of e-waste in the world. E-waste in Indian landfill goes on to pollute soil and groundwater, affecting food supply systems and water sources. Thankfully, the country has a new group of artists who are changing these thrown mechanical items-from mobile phones to old televisions- into large murals (壁画) and artworks to creatively show their concern for the waste problem. Over the past quarter of a century, Mumbai’s Haribaabu Naatesan has transformed hundreds of tonnes of e-waste into art, integrating elements from nature and industry. “I get my waste material from friends, relatives and neighbours who know my interest in e-art and send me bags of thrown electronic appliances,” says Naatesan. Over his career, he has created huge murals for several companies. He has also showed his work at the India Art Fair, as well as several other national displays. Another artist Vishwanath Davangere has also long worked with e-waste. He likes to take apart old laptops and reassemble (重新组装) them into birds, animals and plants. After retirement, he started pursuing this hobby more seriously and started selling his creations across the world. His most outstanding works include a robotic Egyptian statue with glowing red eyes and a Milky Way made from keyboard keys. He hopes to enable others to reconsider their own consumption habits and make more environmentally conscious choices. “By giving e-waste a second chance, I aim to raise awareness about the environmental impact of electronic waste.” says Davangare, who today has a collection of more than 600 eco-art objects. 21．Why do the artists create artworks from E-waste? A．To promote their artistic career. B．To update electronic appliances. C．To make profits for several companies. D．To express their environmental concern. 22．What can we learn about Naatesan from paragraph 3? A．His creations are displayed globally. B．He gains support from people around. C．He has been creating e-art for 10 years. D．His works integrate technology and history. 23．Which of the following best describes Davangere? A．Reliable. B．Confident. C．Devoted. D．Generous. 24．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．E-waste Recycling Sweeping the World B．Environmental Problems Worrying Indians C．An Art Movement Turning Trash into Cash D．Indian Creatives Transforming E-waste into Art 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了印度一些艺术家将废弃的电子设备变成大型壁画和艺术作品，以创造性地表达他们对垃圾问题的关注。 21．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Thankfully, the country has a new group of artists who are changing these thrown mechanical items-from mobile phones to old televisions- into large murals (壁画) and artworks to creatively show their concern for the waste problem. (值得庆幸的是，这个国家出现了一群新的艺术家，他们正在把这些被丢弃的机械物品——从手机到旧电视——变成大型壁画和艺术品，以创造性地表达他们对废物问题的关注。)”可知，艺术家们用电子垃圾创作艺术品表达他们对环境的关注。故选D。 22．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“ “I get my waste material from friends, relatives and neighbours who know my interest in e-art and send me bags of thrown electronic appliances,” says Naatesan. (Naatesan说:“我从朋友、亲戚和邻居那里得到废料，他们知道我对电子艺术的兴趣，给我寄来一袋袋扔掉的电子产品。”)”可知，他得到周围人的支持。故选B。 23．推理判断题。由文章最后一段““By giving e-waste a second chance, I aim to raise awareness about the environmental impact of electronic waste.  ” says Davangare, who today has a collection of more than 600 eco-art objects. (“通过给电子垃圾第二次机会，我的目标是提高人们对电子垃圾对环境影响的认识。”达万加尔说，他现在收藏了600多件生态艺术品。)”可知，他热衷于这项事业。故选C。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Thankfully, the country has a new group of artists who are changing these thrown mechanical items-from mobile phones to old televisions- into large murals (壁画) and artworks to creatively show their concern for the waste problem. (值得庆幸的是，这个国家出现了一群新的艺术家，他们正在把这些被丢弃的机械物品——从手机到旧电视——变成大型壁画和艺术品，以创造性地表达他们对废物问题的关注。)”可知，本文主要讲述了印度一些艺术家将废弃的电子设备变成大型壁画和艺术作品，以创造性地表达他们对垃圾问题的关注。因此选项D“Indian Creatives Transforming E-waste into Art (印度创意将电子垃圾转化为艺术)”可以作为最佳标题。故选D。 （七） （23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot. “We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy (共情),” said Dr Koji Inoue, the lead author of the research. “So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter.” The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm (算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations. “Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,” said Inoue. “We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend. “One of the things we’d keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter,” points out Prof. Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute. “But with their development, they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what’s going on.” 25．Why did Inoue’s team develop the AI system? A．To better understand human empathy. B．To promote the social skills of robots. C．To explore the differences between laughs. D．To assist robots in identifying people's moods. 26．What can robot Erica probably do at present? A．Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues B．Distinguish people by hearing their laughs C．Recreate a scene played by the four actresses D．Master the features of laughs provided by data. 27．What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Potential. B．Barrier. C．Alternative. D．Division. 28．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Are AI systems going beyond human ability? B．Can conversational AI really understand us? C．Laughing robots are round the conner. D．Robots become laughing masters. 【答案】25．B 26．D 27．B 28．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家正在研究的一款可以笑的机器人。 25．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot.(科学家们现在正在开发一种人工智能系统，在适当的社交环境中重现不同的笑声。该团队表示，该系统可以提高人与人工智能机器人之间的自然对话)”可知，团队开发了人工智能系统是为了提高机器人的社交技能。故选B项。 26．推理判断题。由文章第二段“The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm(算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations.(该团队已经开始教授他们的人工智能系统对话式大笑的艺术。他们从男性受试者和最初由四名女演员远程操作的机器人之间的80多次日常对话中收集了训练数据。对话数据被分为社交笑声（不涉及礼貌或尴尬的笑声）和欢乐的笑声。基于音频文件，该算法学习了社交笑声的基本特征，这些笑声往往更柔和、更快乐，目的是反映这些不恰当的情况)”可知，团队已经开始教授机器人笑的艺术，数据包括了笑的特征，因此推断机器人Erica可能掌握了目前数据提供的笑的特征。故选D项。 27．词句猜测题。由文章第三段划线词后文“‘Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,’ said Inoue. ‘We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.’(Inoue说：“我们在这项工作中最大的______是确定分享笑声的实际案例，因为正如你所知，大多数笑声实际上根本就不是分享的。我们必须仔细决定哪些笑声可以用于我们的分析，我们不能仅仅假设任何笑声都能得到回应。这真的不是一项容易的工作。”)”可知，现在确定分享笑声的实际案例不是一件容易的事情，这是研究人员工作中最大的“障碍”，所以推测obstructor 表示“障碍”。故选B项。 28．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. (笑声有多种形式，从礼貌而安静的笑声到开怀大笑。科学家们现在正在开发一种人工智能系统，在适当的社交环境中重现不同的笑声)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍科学家正在研究一款拥有可以笑的机器人。所以C项Laughing robots are round the corner.（会笑的机器人即将问世）为最佳标题。故选C项。 （八） （23-24高二上·广东揭阳·期末）There’s nothing like a good night’s sleep-but what does that really mean? It turns out that the answer depends not only on your age, but also on your lifestyle. Some people are productive and happy with fewer hours of sleep, while others need more. Still, experts can determine guidelines that work for most people. The National Sleep Foundation researched the topic and gave new recommendations this week. The foundation acknowledge s that sleep needs will very lifestyle and stress should be taken into consideration but their recommendations offer a general guideline. For example, teenagers (14-17 years old) need 8-10 hours’ sleep every day. To create the recommendations, some sleep and medical experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published during the last decade. This is the first time that a professional organization has developed age -specific recommended sleep durations (时长)bbased on systematic review of the world scientific literature. A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain, because that causes an increase in appetite, according to the foundation. It can also have serious consequences on the brain. People who do not get enough sleep are at increased risk for depression (抑郁症), and can endanger others. Those who become sleepy while driving, for example, risk both their lives and the lives of those around them. Researchers also have found in the past that too much sleep can have negative effects. Low socioeconomic status and depression reportedly are significantly associated with longer sleep. However, experts nowadays find that research on oversleeping is still doubtful and needs more attention. Currently, there is no strong evidence that sleeping too much has health consequences. There is, however, laboratory evidence that short sleep durations of four to five hours have negative consequences. We need similar laboratory studies to determine whether long sleep durations result in physiological changes that could lead to disease before we make any recommendations against sleep extension. 29．Which is TRUE about sleeping time? A．The time you need for sleep is related to your personal situation. B．Experts’ guideline for sleeping time applies to all the people. C．The less you sleep, the more productive you are. D．The more you sleep, the more energetic you are. 30．The research shows that people without enough sleep will ______. A．lose some weight B．eat more food C．dream during their sleep D．drive faster than usual 31．From Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______. A．too much sleep may result in social changes B．researchers now agree with those in the past C．more research on oversleeping is needed D．research on oversleeping is quite persuasive 32．From which section of a newspaper is the passage most probably taken? A．Health. B．Psychology. C．Sport. D．Education. 【答案】29．A 30．B 31．C 32．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了睡眠时间与健康的关系。 29．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Some people are productive and happy with fewer hours of sleep, while others need more.(有些人工作效率高，较少的睡眠就能满足，而另一些人则需要更多的睡眠)”可知，你需要的睡眠时间与你的个人情况有关。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain, because that causes an increase in appetite, according to the foundation.(该基金会表示，睡眠不足可能与体重增加有关，因为这会导致食欲增加) ”可知，睡眠不足的人会吃更多的食物。故选B。 31．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“We need similar laboratory studies to determine whether long sleep durations result in physiological changes that could lead to disease before we make any recommendations against sleep extension.(在我们提出反对延长睡眠的建议之前，我们需要类似的实验室研究来确定长时间睡眠是否会导致可能引起疾病的生理变化)”可知，我们需要对过度睡眠进行更多的研究。故选C。 32．推理判断题。结合全文及文章第三段“A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain, because that causes an increase in appetite, according to the foundation. It can also have serious consequences on the brain. People who do not get enough sleep are at increased risk for depression, and can endanger others. Those who become sleepy while driving, for example, risk both their lives and the lives of those around them.(该基金会表示，睡眠不足可能与体重增加有关，因为这会导致食欲增加。它也会对大脑产生严重后果。睡眠不足的人患抑郁症的风险增加，并可能危及他人。例如，那些在开车时变得昏昏欲睡的人，会冒着自己和周围人的生命危险)”可知，文章主要介绍睡眠时间与健康的关系，故该文章应是源于健康类报纸。故选A。 （九） （23-24高二上·广东深圳·期末）What can a seal teach us about the deep ocean? Plenty-as long as it’s wearing satellite-linked devices on its head. Clive McMahon, who works on an elephant seal tagging project at the University of Tasmania in Australia, said that deep-diving seals can provide scientists with a wealth of information on the structure of the ocean floor. To gather this information, McMahon and his team attached small satellite-linked devices to seals. The devices took measurements of temperature and depth as the seals swam. Since 2004, McMahon’s team has tracked more than 500, 000 individual seal dives beneath the East Antarctic continental shelf, which is the edge of a continent that lies under the ocean. “Given the remote nature of Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean, only a small part of the Antarctic continental shelf was surveyed by ships in the past,” McMahon said. “So the information available about this area is sparse.” But seals are helping scientists fill in the pieces to this puzzle. In July 2023, McMahon and his team published a study about their work with deep-diving seals in a scientific journal. Information from seal dives is helping scientists understand how the ocean affects Antarctica’s role in global climate. “We found in some regions that more than 25 percent of previous estimates of the ocean depths were wrong.” said Mark Hindell, who also worked on the study. “We only know this now because the seals were diving hundreds of meters below those depths. In the most extreme cases, they dived more than 1, 000 meters (3,281feet) deeper than what we thought was the ‘ocean floor’”. The data, or information, from the dives also revealed new underwater features, including troughs, which are long, wide and deep sunken areas in the ocean floor. Thanks to the seals, the scientists also found a deep canyon near the Vanderford Glacier, which is as low-moving river of ice hundreds or thousands of meters deep. 33．What is the main purpose of the article? A．Analyzing East Antarctic shelf’s geography. B．Discussing ocean impacts on climate change. C．Describing satellite devices in ocean research. D．Introducing seals’ role in collecting ocean data. 34．Which is closest in meaning to “sparse” in paragraph 3? A．Limited. B．Plentiful. C．Complex. D．Unrelated. 35．Why is the seal-gathered data considered important? A．Seals dive deeper than other marine animals. B．Seals are able to replace extensive ship surveys. C．Seals are equipped with advanced technology in devices. D．Seals access remote ocean areas beyond human’s knowledge. 36．What might the article continue talking about? A．The impact of seal dives on ocean ecosystem research. B．The challenges faced by scientists in tracking seal dives. C．The significance of the newly discovered underwater features. D．The applications of satellite-linked devices in other animal studies. 【答案】33．D 34．A 35．D 36．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海豹如何通过佩戴卫星连接设备来帮助科学家研究深海的情况。 33．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“What can a seal teach us about the deep ocean? Plenty-as long as it’s wearing satellite-linked devices on its head. Clive McMahon, who works on an elephant seal tagging project at the University of Tasmania in Australia, said that deep-diving seals can provide scientists with a wealth of information on the structure of the ocean floor.(海豹能告诉我们关于深海的什么？只要它头上戴着与卫星相连的设备，就足够了。在澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚大学从事象海豹标记项目的Clive McMahon说，深潜海豹可以为科学家提供有关海底结构的丰富信息。)”以及第二段“To gather this information, McMahon and his team attached small satellite-linked devices to seals. The devices took measurements of temperature and depth as the seals swam.(为了收集这些信息，McMahon和他的团队在海豹身上安装了小型卫星连接设备。这些设备在海豹游泳时测量温度和深度。)”，再结合全文内容可知，文章讨论了海豹如何通过佩戴与卫星相连的设备，为科学家提供有关深海的宝贵信息，包括温度、深度和水下特征。即本文的主要目的是介绍海豹在收集海洋数据中的作用。故选D。 34．词义辨析题。根据划线单词上一句“Given the remote nature of Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean, only a small part of the Antarctic continental shelf was surveyed by ships in the past(考虑到南极洲和周围南大洋的偏远性质，过去只有一小部分南极大陆架被船只勘测过。)”可知，只有一小部分南极大陆架被船只勘测过，由此可推断，这个地区的可用信息不多。由此可知，划线单词和“很少、有限”相似。选项A“Limited(有限的)”；选项B “Plentiful(丰富的)”；选项C“Complex(复杂的)”；选项D“Unrelated(无关的)”。故选A。 35．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Given the remote nature of Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean, only a small part of the Antarctic continental shelf was surveyed by ships in the past,” McMahon said. “So the information available about this area is sparse.” But seals are helping scientists fill in the pieces to this puzzle. (McMahon说：“考虑到南极洲和周围南大洋的偏远性质，过去只有一小部分南极大陆架被船只勘测过。因此，关于这一地区的可用信息很少。”但海豹正在帮助科学家们填补这个谜题的碎片。)”以及第四段“Information from seal dives is helping scientists understand how the ocean affects Antarctica’s role in global climate. “We found in some regions that more than 25 percent of previous estimates of the ocean depths were wrong.” said Mark Hindell, who also worked on the study. “We only know this now because the seals were diving hundreds of meters below those depths. In the most extreme cases, they dived more than 1, 000 meters (3,281feet) deeper than what we thought was the ‘ocean floor’”.(来自海豹潜水的信息帮助科学家了解海洋如何影响南极洲在全球气候中的作用。“我们发现，在一些地区，之前对海洋深度的估计有25%以上是错误的。”参与这项研究的Mark Hindell说。“我们现在才知道这一点，因为海豹在这些深度以下数百米的地方潜水。在最极端的情况下，他们比我们认为的‘海底’还要深1000多米(3281英尺)。”)”可知，海豹可以进入人类所知甚少的遥远海域，所以海豹收集的数据是很重要的。故选D。 36．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The data, or information, from the dives also revealed new underwater features, including troughs, which are long, wide and deep sunken areas in the ocean floor. Thanks to the seals, the scientists also found a deep canyon near the Vanderford Glacier, which is as low-moving river of ice hundreds or thousands of meters deep.(来自潜水的数据或信息还揭示了新的水下特征，包括海底槽，即海底长、宽、深的沉没区域。多亏了海豹，科学家们还在Vanderford冰川附近发现了一个很深的峡谷，这条峡谷就像数百米或数千米深的低移动冰河。)”可知，最后一段介绍了科学家们通过海豹在Vanderford冰川附近发现了一个很深的峡谷，由此可推测，文章接下来可以分析这个新发现的意义。故选C。 （十） （23-24高二上·湖北荆门·期末）Dopamine (多巴胺), known as the “source of pleasure”, is a chemical that is released in the brain and provides people with a feeling of reward and motivation. Now, China’s young people are seeking to wear that joyfulness on their bodies, giving rise to the fashion craze — “dopamine dressing style”. Mainly characterized by bright colors, this dressing style is described by many Chinese netizens as “healing” and “a mood booster”. It is part-fashion, part-mindfulness. Dopamine dressing is nothing new. In fact, a study published in 2012 found that when participants were asked to wear clothing that held some symbolic meaning, their perceived (感知的) confidence increased. The study determined that clothing can have a direct impact on their psychological process. Another 2015 study found that the outfits we wear can directly influence how we think. It suggested that dressing in a certain way can influence the way we make decisions. “What we wear is how we show ourselves to those we interact with—we are influenced by their reaction to it. If we are well received, it builds up our confidence and can eventually affect our wellbeing.” one of the leading researchers, Mair added. Actually, dopamine dressing is different for everyone. It’s about wearing the clothes that make you feel good. It could be joggers and a sport shirt; it could be your favorite pair of jeans; or it could be that dress you were saving for a special occasion. In a word, it’s ok to wear anything that can boost your mood. Color psychologist Karen Haller said: “Color is a great way to lift our spirits and boost our moods in an instant. Our confidence can be boosted when we wear colors that we love and feel good in. We instinctively feel and behave differently when we take the colors in through our eyes and through the part of our brain where our emotions reside.” Ultimately, dopamine dressing is whatever makes you feel good. 37．What makes the dopamine dressing a real hit according to paragraph 1? A．Its featuring only bright colors. B．Its healing and boosting function. C．Its impacting on people’s confidence. D．Its allowing people to wear differently 38．What can we infer from the two studies mentioned in the passage? A．Dopamine dressing is simply a new concept of dressing. B．Dopamine dressing is beneficial to our mental health. C．Dopamine dressing has little to do with our decision making. D．Dopamine dressing can drive us to interact with more people. 39．Which of the following can be considered as dopamine dressing? A．All the students wear school uniform on Mondays. B．My father has to put on a heavy coat in cold weather. C．Jack often follows the trend to buy clothes in dark colors. D．The girl chooses her favorite skirt for her birthday party. 40．Why does the author write the article? A．To demonstrate a pleasant dressing style. B．To convince us to buy more fashionable clothes. C．To arouse our curiosity of the dopamine dressing. D．To promote more people to accept dopamine dressing. 【答案】37．B 38．B 39．D 40．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种给人带来快乐的穿搭方式——多巴胺穿搭，其服饰多色彩明亮，并倡导自我快乐个性穿着，因有治愈功能和促进心情开朗而颇受当今年轻人的喜爱。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mainly characterized by bright colors, this dressing style is described by many Chinese netizens as “healing” and “a mood booster”. It is part-fashion, part-mindfulness.(这种穿衣风格以鲜艳的色彩为主要特点，被许多中国网民形容为“治愈”和“情绪助推器”。它一半是时尚，一半是专注)”可知，让多巴胺得以如此受欢迎主要是因为其穿着方式让人治愈并心情大好。故选B。 38．推理判断题。根据第三段“If we are well received, it builds up our confidence and can eventually affect our wellbeing.(如果我们受到好评，它会建立我们的信心，并最终影响我们的幸福)”可推知，多巴胺穿搭对我们的心理健康有益。故选B。 39．细节理解题。根据第四段“Actually, dopamine dressing is different for everyone. It’s about wearing the clothes that make you feel good.(实际上，多巴胺穿搭因人而异。重要的是穿让你感觉良好的衣服)”可知，女孩为她的生日聚会选择了她最喜欢的裙子以被认为是多巴胺穿搭。故选D。 40．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dopamine dressing is nothing new. In fact, a study published in 2012 found that when participants were asked to wear clothing that held some symbolic meaning, their perceived (感知的) confidence increased. The study determined that clothing can have a direct impact on their psychological process.(多巴胺穿搭并不是什么新鲜事。事实上，2012年发表的一项研究发现，当参与者被要求穿着具有某种象征意义的衣服时，他们的自信会增加。该研究确定，服装可以直接影响他们的心理过程)”结合本文主要介绍了一种给人带来快乐的穿搭方式——多巴胺穿搭，其服饰多色彩明亮，并倡导自我快乐个性穿着，因有治愈功能和促进心情开朗而颇受当今年轻人的喜爱。可推知作者意在展示一种让人快乐的穿着方式。故选A。 （十一） （23-24高二上·湖北黄冈·期末）While you’re hiding away the Christmas presents, animals are storing food for the winter! Many animals “cache” (贮藏) or hide food for time to come, similar to how we stock our pantries with food. In the winter months, caching allows animals to survive when food is scarce. Some animals, such as bobcats and mountain lions, leave dead animals’ bodies for short periods of time buried beneath surrounding vegetation. Other animals, such as rodents and birds, store seeds for long periods of time in places they’ll return to weeks or even months later. Hiding food throughout an animal’s home range is known as scatter hoarding. This keeps the caches low and less enticing to any potential thieves. However, this technique requires a good memory, as the food is often in dozens, if not hundreds, of different locations. Another caching technique involves animals collecting food in only a couple of places, referred to as larder hoarding. These caches are often found in cavities such as a hollow tree or a hole in the ground. They are easier to find but require lots of defensive measures. Here are some of the animals that cache in the Peach State: Birds such as chickadees, nuthatches, titmice and jays can store hundreds of seeds in a single day. Each seed is placed in a different location, and they usually remember where each is, even months later. Flying squirrels store a variety of seeds, nuts and acorns in their nests and in trees. These nocturnal squirrels will even bury seeds in the ground. It is believed that a single lying squirrel can store over 15,000 seeds in a year! Moles trap live earthworms underground. The mole bites the earthworm’s head off, and colder temperatures slow the earthworm down. If the weather warms up before the mole has a chance to consume its prey, however, earthworms can regrow their heads and tunnel their way to freedom. 41．In what respect are the first two paragraphs similar? A．Using comparison as a method of exposition. B．Stressing the importance of storing to animals. C．Revealing differences in food storage among different animals. D．Discussing the threat seasonal change brings to animals’ survival. 42．What does the underlined word “enticing” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Familiar. B．Harmful. C．Appealing. D．Suffient. 43．What does the author think of larder hoarding? A．It is a test for animals’ memory. B．It is time-saving and eco-friendly. C．It can easily ensure caches’ safety. D．It bring animals convenience as well as risk. 44．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Moles take earthworms as their only food resource. B．Chickadees adopt scatter hoarding to store their seeds. C．A flying squirrel is better at storing seeds than any bird. D．Earthworms have no chance of survival once bitten by moles. 【答案】41．A 42．C 43．D 44．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了不同动物贮藏食物的方式。 41．推理判断题。根据第一段中“While you’re hiding away the Christmas presents, animals are storing food for the winter! Many animals “cache” (贮藏) or hide food for time to come, similar to how we stock our pantries with food. (当你把圣诞礼物藏起来的时候，动物们正在为冬天储存食物！许多动物“贮藏”或藏食物以备不时之需，就像我们在食品储藏室储存食物一样)”可知，第一段将动物贮存食物与人类把食物放在储藏室做了比较；根据第二段“Some animals, such as bobcats and mountain lions, leave dead animals’ bodies for short periods of time buried beneath surrounding vegetation. Other animals, such as rodents and birds, store seeds for long periods of time in places they’ll return to weeks or even months later. (一些动物，如山猫和美洲狮，会将动物尸体短时间埋在周围的植被下。其他动物，如啮齿动物和鸟类，将种子长时间储存在它们几周甚至几个月后会返回的地方)”可知，第二段把不同动物的贮存对象与方法做了比较，由此可知，开头两段在展开论述时，都采用了比较的阐述手法。故选A项。 42．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Hiding food throughout an animal’s home range is known as scatter hoarding. (在动物的活动范围内隐藏食物被称为分散囤积)”说明一些动物隐藏食物是分散的，这样每份食物的存量就更低，对于潜在窃食者而言，更低的存量对他们的诱惑也就更少。从而推知划线词句“This keeps the caches low and less enticing to any potential thieves. (这使得食物存量很低，对任何潜在的窃食者都不那么enticing)”其中划线部分意思是“有诱惑的，有吸引力的”。故选C项。 43．推理判断题。根据第四段“Another caching technique involves animals collecting food in only a couple of places, referred to as larder hoarding. These caches are often found in cavities such as a hollow tree or a hole in the ground. They are easier to find but require lots of defensive measures. (另一种贮藏技术是动物只在几个地方收集食物，被称为储藏室囤积。这些贮藏食物通常在树洞或地洞等洞穴中发现。它们更容易找到，但需要很多防御措施)”可知，作者认为这种囤积方法给动物带来了便利，也带来了风险。故选D项。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Birds such as chickadees, nuthatches, titmice and jays can store hundreds of seeds in a single day. Each seed is placed in a different location, and they usually remember where each is, even months later. (北美山雀、胡桃鸟、山雀和松鸦等鸟类一天可以储存数百颗种子。每颗种子都被放置在不同的位置，它们通常会记得每颗种子在哪里，甚至几个月后)”可知，北美山雀采用分散贮食法。故选B项。 （十二） （23-24高二上·湖北恩施·期末）Have you ever had the urge to open a book and stick your nose straight into the pages? The smell of old books can refresh any book lover. We don’t know why, but it is just pleasant to us. Describing the smell can be a challerige. And mere adjectives will likely be of little use to future generations of historians trying to document, understand or reproduce the scent (气味) of slowly decaying (腐朽) books. Now, that task may have just gotten easier thanks to the Historic Book Odor Wheel. In one experiment, researchers asked visitors at the historic library to characterize the scents they smelled. All the visitors selected words like “woody”, “smoky” and “earthy” from the list and described the smell’s intensity and perceived pleasantness. In another experiment, the study authors presented visitors to the Birmingham Museum with eight smells — one of which was an unlabeled historic book scent and seven were non-bookish, such as coffee. chocolate, fish market and dirty clothes. The researchers then had those museum-goers describe the historic book smell. The top two responses? Chocolate and coffee. “You tend to use familiar associations to describe smells when they are unlabeled.” study author Cecilia Bembibre says. The team even analyzed the volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in the book and the library. Using the data from the chemical analysis and visitors’ smell descriptions, the researchers created the Historic Book Odor Wheel to document the “historic library smell”. Main categories such as “sweet/spicy” fill the inner circle of the wheel; descriptors such as “chocolate/cream” fill the middle; and the chemical compounds likely to be the smelly source, like furfural, fill the outer circle. The researchers want the book ad or wheel to be a tool that “untrained noses” can use to identify smells and the compounds causing them, which could address conservators’ concerns about material composition and historic paper conservation. And hopefully, smells of the past can be reproduced in the lab someday and museums and historians can use it to reconstruct a past we can no longer smell. 45．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A．A strange reading habit. B．Addiction to reading books. C．A dislike for smelling books. D．Fascination for smells of books. 46．How do people usually describe unlabeled smells? A．By referring to familiar items. B．By using adjectives to label them. C．By linking them with food smells. D．By analyzing chemical components. 47．What is the function of the “Historic Book Odor Wheel”? A．To characterize smells. B．To store book smells. C．To collect history books. D．To test different scents. 48．What is the potential future application of the study? A．Creating a whole new scent. B．Sharpening sensory perceptions. C．Restoring smells of historic documents. D．Removing components of “old book smell”. 【答案】45．D 46．A 47．A 48．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种用于记录旧书气味的“气味轮”的诞生。研究人员通过在博物馆和图书馆组织游客进行气味感官描述， 并开展化学分析，创建了历史图书气味轮来记录“历史图书馆的气味”。 45．细节理解题。根据第一段“Have you ever had the urge to open a book and stick your nose straight into the pages? The smell of old books can refresh any book lover. We don’t know why, but it is just pleasant to us.(你是否曾经有过一种冲动，打开一本书，把鼻子直接伸进书页里？旧书的味道能让任何一个书迷焕然一新。我们不知道为什么，但这对我们来说很愉快)”可知，第一段描述了我们对书籍气味的迷恋的现象。故选D项。 46．细节理解题。根据第三段““You tend to use familiar associations to describe smells when they are unlabeled.” study author Cecilia Bembibre says.(研究作者Cecilia Bembibre说：“当气味没有标签时，你倾向于使用熟悉的联想来描述它们。”)”及第三段全段对于实验过程的描述可知，人们在描述未知气味时，倾向于使用熟悉的事物来展开联想。故选A项。 47．推理判断题。根据第四段“Using the data from the chemical analysis and visitors’ smell descriptions, the researchers created the Historic Book Odor Wheel to document the “historic library smell”. Main categories such as “sweet/spicy” fill the inner circle of the wheel; descriptors such as “chocolate/cream” fill the middle; and the chemical compounds likely to be the smelly source, like furfural, fill the outer circle.(利用化学分析的数据和游客对气味的描述，研究人员创建了“历史图书气味轮”来记录“历史图书馆的气味”。主要类别，如“甜/辣”，填满了轮子的内圈；描述词，如“巧克力/奶油”，填充在中间；而气味来源的化合物，如糠醛，则填满了外层)”可推知，“历史图书气味轮”的功能应是描述气味。故选A项。 48．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers want the book ad or wheel to be a tool that “untrained noses” can use to identify smells and the compounds causing them, which could address conservators’ concerns about material composition and historic paper conservation. And hopefully, smells of the past can be reproduced in the lab someday and museums and historians can use it to reconstruct a past we can no longer smell.(研究人员希望这个图书气味轮能成为一种工具，“未经训练的鼻子”可以用它来识别气味和产生气味的化合物，这可以解决文物保护人员对材料组成和历史纸张保护的担忧。希望有一天，过去的气味可以在实验室里重现，博物馆和历史学家可以用它来重建我们再也闻不到的过去。)”可推知，研究者们未来有望利用气味轮来保护历史材料文献，重现过去的气味。故选 C。 （十三） （23-24高二上·北京通州·期末）Have you ever wondered what happens to all of the old object s launched into space, such as rockets and satellites? It’s called space junk, and much of it is still out there now. According to NASA, the definition of space junk is “any man-made object in orbit (轨道) around Earth that no longer serves a useful function”. One large piece of space junk, an abandoned rocket, hit the dark side of the moon on March 4. The rocket’s origin is not clear, but scientists know that it was massive—weighing about 3 tons. It must have left a large crater (坑), estimated 10 to 20 meters wide, on the moon’s surface. It won’t be visible right away, but scientists are trying to locate it. “We will find the crater, eventually,” Mark Robinson, lead investigator for NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera, told USA TODAY. “Depending on its location, it could take as long as 28 days.” What’s significant about this space junk crash is that it draws attention to some of the potential dangers of space junk. First, the accumulation of space junk in Earth’s orbit means that satellites and the International Space Station (ISS) are at risk. In 2016, tiny space debris (残骸),smaller than a millimeter, caused a tiny chip in the ISS’ window. Imagine the damage that a larger piece of debris could cause. The European Space Agency website states that objects “up to 1 cm in size could disable an instrument or a critical flight system on a satellite” while objects over 10 cm “could shatter a satellite or spacecraft into pieces”. If this sounds terrifying, that’s because it is. Any collision (碰撞) with larger pieces of debris could be especially dangerous for manned spacecraft. In addition to potential damage to spacecraft and satellites, space junk also poses a threat to the Earth itself Crashes can send debris into the atmosphere where it can remain for many decades. Some powerful collisions can even send large debris hurtling (猛冲) toward Earth’s surface where it can affect the local environment. Leftover rocket debris can contain toxic materials that are harmful to plant and animal life. Some people in Siberia have even reported serious health problems after rocket debris landed in their regions in 2012, a local doctor told the BBC． 49．Which of the following can be regarded as space junk? A．A disused space station. B．A spacecraft orbiting the moon. C．A crater on the moon’s surface. D．A satellite working in low Earth orbit. 50．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Locating the crater. B．Tracking the rocket. C．Cleaning up the space junk. D．Finding out the rocket’s origin. 51．What can be inferred about space junk from the last paragraph? A．It’s likely to cause a global environmental crisis. B．It’s impossible to stop it from entering the atmosphere. C．It can cause a lasting threat if it remains in the atmosphere. D．The toxic materials contained in space junk are the biggest risk. 【答案】49．A 50．A 51．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空垃圾对于太空，地球，以及人类会造成的潜在的威胁以及伤害。 49．细节理解题。根据第一段“According to NASA, the definition of space junk is “any man-made object in orbit (轨道) around Earth that no longer serves a useful function”. (根据美国国家航空航天局的说法，太空垃圾的定义是“任何在地球轨道上的人造物体，不再具有有用的功能”。)”可知，废弃的空间站属于不再具有有用功能的人造物体，因此是太空垃圾。故选A。 50．词句猜测题。根据第二段““We will find the crater. eventually,” Mark Robinson, lead investigator for NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera, told USA TODAY. “Depending on its location, it could take as long as 28 days.” (“我们最终会找到陨石坑，”美国国家航空航天局月球勘测轨道相机首席研究员马克・罗宾逊告诉《今日美国》。“根据地点的不同，可能需要28天的时间。”)”可知，这里说的it指代上文提到的陨石坑的位置。故选A。 51．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In addition to potential damage to spacecraft and satellites, space junk also poses a threat to the Earth itself Crashes can send debris into the atmosphere where it can remain for many decades. (除了对航天器和卫星的潜在损害外，太空垃圾还对地球本身构成威胁。撞击会将碎片送入大气层，并在那里停留几十年。)”可知，太空垃圾留在大气层中会造成持续的威胁。故选C。 （十四） （23-24高二上·北京房山·期末）As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.” Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. 52．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．give an example B．introduce a topic C．reach a conclusion D．make a comparison 53．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A．To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries. B．To compare different types of park-goers. C．To explain why the park attracts tourists. D．To collect data from the park. 54．What should we do before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A．Create a new language. B．Develop communication skills. C．Conserve the Earth. D．Educate people. 【答案】52．B 53．A 54．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明，城市地区的野生环境对人类的福祉极其重要。 52．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对野生的地方是不寻常的。)”以及第二段内容“Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.(过去的研究发现，自然对人类的健康有益，但一项新的研究表明，城市地区的野生环境对人类的福祉极其重要。)”可知，作者写第一段的目的是为了引出本文主题，即城市地区的野生环境对人类的福祉极其重要。故选B。 53．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”(然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分成不同的类别。例如，一个参与者的“我们坐在沙滩上听了一会儿海浪”的经历被分配到“坐在沙滩上”和“听海浪”的类别。)”以及文章第四段“After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors.(在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对访问者最重要。)”可知，研究人员将这些提交的内容进行编码，将经历分为不同的类别。因此，研究人员将参与者提交的内容编码为类别是为了在游客的总结中找到模式。故选A。 54．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.(“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者Peter Kahn说。)”可知，我们在与自然互动之前应该保护环境。故选C。 （十五） （23-24高二上·北京西城·期末）An AI model can be used to detect stress in office workers based on how they use their mouse and keyboard. A new study suggests that a machine-learning model using these two elements was more accurate at detecting stress in people than a model that tracked their heart-rate data. “We saw that the models that just used the mouse and keyboard data performed better than the models that had the heart-rate data in it,” says Mart Naegelin. a Ph. D．student at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, and one of the study’s authors. Naegelin and her fellow researchers used machine-learning models to analyze data on keyboard-typing activity, mouse movements and heart-rate data. They also studied the data of a combination of two or all three of these elements to determine which performed best in terms of measuring stress. They found that the model trained on mouse and keyboard data performed better than the model that used mouse, keyboard and heart rates. Of the single-modality (形态) models, the heart-rate data performed the worst. “The test was conducted in an environment that simulated an office environment, so the results still need to be confirmed in real-life scenarios (情况),” Naegelin says. In the experiment, participants were divided into three groups. A control group carried out assigned tasks, such as planning meetings and collecting data, with no additional work. A second group at times answered questions from managers in person in a mock interview scenario while completing other assigned tasks. And members of a third group were, at certain points, interrupted with additional questions sent through an online chat on top of tasks assigned to other groups. At regular intervals during the experiment, participants were asked to rate their stress levels through a computer questionnaire. Researchers learned that workers made longer, less accurate movements with their mouse, as well as more typing errors, when they were stressed. Shorter, more direct movements with the mouse were tied to lower stress levels. The study didn’t focus on why increased levels of stress are thought to affect muscle activity. The researchers say they believe a stress-detection system that logs keyboard and mouse movements might be beneficial as a self-help tool for employees alongside other initiatives to improve workplace mental health. But employee participation would need to be optional and based on informed consent (同意), and companies would need to commit to protecting user privacy. It remains to be seen how this technology will evolve and be adopted in practice, but the potential for AI to contribute positively to employee well-being is an appealing avenue for future exploration. 55．What do we know from Naegelin’s study? A．Heart-rate data has little connection with stress. B．Mouse and keyboard data proves effective in stress detection. C．Mouse data performs worst in measuring stress among all models. D．Using more elements in a model increases accuracy in stress detection. 56．What is Paragragh 5 mainly about? A．The research process. B．The research findings. C．The research purpose. D．The research background. 57．What can we learn from the passage? A．AI models based on mouse and keyboard data have been widely applied. B．Naegelin’s study explains why muscle activity can affect stress levels. C．Employers need to respect employees’ privacy while detecting stress. D．A stress-detection system improves physical health at the workplace. 58．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To introduce a new model to detect stress. B．To compare different models in stress detection. C．To show the disadvantages of being overstressed. D．To state the importance of a stress-detection system. 【答案】55．B 56．B 57．C 58．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究表明，人工智能模型根据上班族使用鼠标和键盘的方式可以检测人们的压力，其结果比跟踪他们心率数据得出的结果更准确。 55．细节理解题。由第一段“An AI model can be used to detect stress in office workers based on how they use their mouse and keyboard. A new study suggests that a machine-learning model using these two elements was more accurate at detecting stress in people than a model that tracked their heart-rate data. (人工智能模型可以根据上班族使用鼠标和键盘的方式来检测他们的压力。一项新的研究表明，使用这两个元素的机器学习模型在检测人们的压力方面比跟踪他们心率数据的模型更准确)”和第二段中“We saw that the models that just used the mouse and keyboard data performed better than the models that had the heart-rate data in it (我们发现，只使用鼠标和键盘数据的模型比包含心率数据的模型表现更好)”可知，鼠标和键盘数据在压力检测中被证明是有效的。故选B项。 56．主旨大意题。由第五段中“Researchers learned that workers made longer, less accurate movements with their mouse, as well as more typing errors, when they were stressed. Shorter, more direct movements with the mouse were tied to lower stress levels. (研究人员了解到，当员工受到压力时，他们用鼠标做的动作更长、更不准确，打字错误也更多。用鼠标做更短、更直接的运动与更低的压力水平有关)”可知，第五段主要讲这项研究最后得出的结果。故选B项。 57．细节理解题。由第五段得出的研究结果和倒数第二段“The researchers say they believe a stress-detection system that logs keyboard and mouse movements might be beneficial as a self-help tool for employees alongside other initiatives to improve workplace mental health. But employee participation would need to be optional and based on informed consent (同意), and companies would need to commit to protecting user privacy. (研究人员表示，他们相信，一个记录键盘和鼠标运动的压力检测系统，作为员工的自助工具，以及其他改善工作场所心理健康的举措，可能是有益的。但员工的参与是非强制的，并基于知情同意，公司需要承诺保护用户隐私)”可知，基于鼠标和键盘数据的AI模型能帮雇主发现员工的压力，但不能强制员工参与，需要尊重员工的隐私。故选C项。 58．推理判断题。由第一段“An AI model can be used to detect stress in office workers based on how they use their mouse and keyboard. A new study suggests that a machine-learning model using these two elements was more accurate at detecting stress in people than a model that tracked their heart-rate data. (人工智能模型可以根据上班族使用鼠标和键盘的方式来检测他们的压力。一项新的研究表明，使用这两个元素的机器学习模型在检测人们的压力方面比跟踪他们心率数据的模型更准确)”和第二段中“We saw that the models that just used the mouse and keyboard data performed better than the models that had the heart-rate data in it (我们发现，只使用鼠标和键盘数据的模型比包含心率数据的模型表现更好)”可知，文章介绍了一项新研究表明，人工智能模型根据上班族使用鼠标和键盘的方式可以检测人们的压力，其结果比跟踪他们心率数据的得出的结果更准确，本文目的在于介绍一种新的压力检测模型。故选A项。 （十六） （23-24高二上·天津和平·期末）You sitting in the classroom waiting for the teacher to pass out the tests, the door opened and a man walked in, but he wasn’t the regular teacher. You tried to say that you were in the wrong place, but couldn’t open the mouth. You kept trying but it was useless. Finally, you yelled, “Wait!”. Then you opened the eyes and realized it was only a crazy dream. What happens to our minds and bodies when we’re asleep? To find out, scientists have set up “sleep laboratories.”, where scientists use machines to keep track of people’s heartbeats, watch their muscular (肌肉的) movements and their brainwaves are recorded too. Scientists believe that people go through five stages of sleep. All five stages are repeated four to six times each night. Stage one is a very light sleep. But stage four is the deepest sleep of all. If you’re very tired, you will spend a lot of time in stage four. Then you pass into the fifth state. Your heart starts beating faster. Your eyes move back and forth very quickly under closed lids. You are dreaming. The fifth stage is called REM sleep, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement. How do scientists know all this? They work with sleep volunteers. If you were a sleep volunteer, this is what scientists would do. Every time you went into REM sleep, they would wake you up. After a few nights, you might start going into REM sleep sooner and more often than usual. The scientists would be kept very busy trying to wake you up. They might think you were trying hard to make up for the lost dream time! What this may mean is that people need to dream  just as they need to sleep. When you’ve been asleep, your mind doesn’t turn off. It keeps on thinking. And your sleeping mind turns your thoughts into a technicolor movie with sound, lights, and a huge cast. Sometimes you may dream you are being chased by something you can’t see. Sometimes you may fall without getting hurt. And in some dreams, your best friend turns into a monster, or your cat talks. Dreams can be scary, funny, or just plain boring. But what do they mean? In ancient times, people said dreams told them about the future. Today most experts think that dreams teach people about themselves. You may not understand all your dreams, but at least you can enjoy them. In your dreams, you can discover a whole other world! 59．What is the purpose of setting up sleep laboratories? A．To watch and take care of people while they are asleep. B．To find out what happens to our minds and bodies when we are asleep. C．To find out the five stages of sleep. D．To find out what’s REM sleep. 60．From Paragraph 3 we know that A．the same dream may repeat all the time B．people dream only when they are tired C．everyone dreams at night D．when you dream you are in the deepest sleep 61．According to the passage, why are scientists busy waking up volunteers during the test? A．To disrupt their sleep patterns. B．To monitor the occurrence of dreaming. C．To ensure they sleep well enough. D．To observe their muscular movements. 62．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage? A．Dreams can be mysterious and unpredictable. B．Dream analysis has been consistent throughout history. C．Experts believe dreams provide self-insight. D．People enjoy dreams even if they don’t understand them. 【答案】59．B 60．C 61．B 62．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕睡眠和梦境进行描述，介绍了睡眠的五个阶段，并指出睡眠对人类的重要性。 59．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“What happens to our minds and bodies when we’re asleep? To find out, scientists have set up “sleep laboratories.”, where scientists use machines to keep track of people’s heartbeats, watch their muscular(肌肉的) movements and their brainwaves are recorded too.(当我们睡着的时候，我们的思想和身体会发生什么变化？为了找到答案，科学家们建立了“睡眠实验室”。在那里，科学家们用机器跟踪人们的心跳，观察他们的肌肉运动，并记录下他们的脑电波。)”可知，科学家们建立“睡眠实验室”是为了了解当我们睡着的时候，我们的思想和身体会发生什么变化。故选B。 60．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Scientists believe that people go through five stages of sleep. All five stages are repeated four to six times each night.(科学家认为人的睡眠有五个阶段。这五个阶段每晚都要重复四到六次。)”以及“Then you pass into the fifth state. Your heart starts beating faster. Your eyes move back and forth very quickly under closed lids. You are dreaming.(然后进入第五种状态。你的心跳开始加快。你的眼睛在闭着的眼皮下快速地来回移动。你在做梦。)”可推测，我们每个人晚上都会做梦。故选C。 61．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The fifth stage is called REM sleep, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement. How do scientists know all this? They work with sleep volunteers. If you were a sleep volunteer, this is what scientists would do. Every time you went into REM sleep, they would wake you up. After a few nights, you might start going into REM sleep sooner and more often than usual. The scientists would be kept very busy trying to wake you up. They might think you were trying hard to make up for the lost dream time!(第五个阶段被称为REM睡眠，即快速眼动睡眠。科学家是如何知道这一切的？他们与睡眠志愿者一起工作。如果你是一名睡眠志愿者，这是科学家们会做的。每次你进入快速眼动睡眠，他们就会把你叫醒。几个晚上之后，你可能会比平时更快更频繁地进入快速眼动睡眠。科学家们会忙着把你弄醒。他们可能会认为你在努力弥补失去的做梦时间！)”可知，科学家们在测试中忙着叫醒志愿者是为了监控做梦是否发生。故选B。 62．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Today most experts think that dreams teach people about themselves. You may not understand all your dreams, but at least you can enjoy them. (今天，大多数专家认为梦教会人们了解自己。你可能不能理解你所有的梦想，但至少你可以享受它们。)”可知，大多数专家认为梦让人们自己了解自己。故选C。 （十七） （23-24高二上·天津河东·期末）Have you ever lost something in a hard-to-reach space, like behind a couch or a cupboard? Wouldn’t it be nice to just be able to squeeze (挤) in and out? New innovations in the field of robotics will soon be able to make this nice idea into a reality. In a study published on Jan 25 in the science journal Matter, engineers from The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Carnegie Mellon University in the US have developed small robots that can quickly change back and forth from liquid to solid states. According to the website Mashable, the scientists were inspired by sea cucumbers (海参). They are able to change the stiffness (僵硬度) of their body or reduce the potential for physical damage. The robots in the study were made from gallium, a soft metal with a low melting point of 30℃. The scientists then used changes in the magnetic field to control the magnetic particles (粒子) inside the gallium material to provide heat. This heat then allowed the robots to change between solid and liquid states as well as to move around. As the website Tech Xplore pointed out, other similar materials require external heat sources such as heat guns and electrical currents to induce (触发) a change of states; but now, the robots can use a heat source inside itself to change states independently. During the robots’ experimental trials, the scientists conducted a number of tests. These tests included having the robots melt into liquid and reform to escape a prison-like cage. The robot is also able to build and repair hard-to-reach circuits (电路). The robots’ ability to switch between states of matter allows for a number of possible uses and advancements in different fields, such as he biomedical and circuit assembly (组装) industries. Still, in the words of senior author Carmel Majidi at Carnegie Mellon University, for now these are all just “proofs of concept” which show the abilities of these new kinds of robots. 63．What can we learn about the small robots? A．Chinese and British scientists co-produced them. B．Sea cucumbers provided inspiration for them. C．They were made from a newly invented material. D．They can switch between three states of matter. 64．How did scientists change the state of the robots? A．By using heat guns. B．By employing a heat source. C．By using electrical currents. D．By controlling the magnetic particles. 65．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The features of the robots. B．The limitations of the robots. C．The applications of the robots. D．The challenges of testing the robots. 66．What can be inferred about the robots from Majidi’s words? A．They have great market potential. B．Their abilities are overstated. C．More proof is needed for their abilities. D．It will take more time for them to be widely used. 【答案】63．B 64．D 65．C 66．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型液态机器人。 63．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“According to the website Mashable, the scientists were inspired by sea cucumbers (海参).(据Mashable网站报道，科学家们的灵感来自海参。)”可知，关于小型机器人，我们了解到的是海参为他们提供了灵感。故选B。 64．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The scientists then used changes in the magnetic field to control the magnetic particles (粒子) inside the gallium material to provide heat.(然后，科学家们利用磁场的变化来控制镓材料内部的磁性粒子来提供热量。)”可知，科学家是通过控制磁性粒子改变机器人的状态的。故选D。 65．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“During the robots’ experimental trials, the scientists conducted a number of tests. These tests included having the robots melt into liquid and re-form to escape a prison-like cage. The robot is also able to build and repair hard-to-reach circuits (电路). The robots’ ability to switch between states of matter allows for a number of possible uses and advancements in different fields, such as he biomedical and circuit assembly (组装) industries.(在机器人的实验试验中，科学家们进行了一系列测试。这些测试包括让机器人融化成液体，然后重新成型，以逃离监狱般的笼子。该机器人还能够构建和修复难以触及的电路。机器人在物质状态之间切换的能力允许在不同领域的许多可能的用途和进步，例如生物医学和电路组装行业。)”可知，第五段主要讲述了这种机器人的应用。故选C。 66．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Still, in the words of senior author Carmel Majidi at Carnegie Mellon University, for now these are all just “proofs of concept” which show the abilities of these new kinds of robots.(不过，用卡内基梅隆大学资深作者卡梅尔·马吉迪的话来说，目前这些都只是“概念证明”，展示了这些新型机器人的能力。)”可推知，从卡梅尔·马吉迪的话中可以推断出机器人需要更多时间才能被广泛使用。故选D。 （十八） （23-24高二上·湖南娄底·期末）Many people cannot live without modern technology products, especially their  smart phones. They use devices to stay in contact with family and friends while driving. The most common method of communication is by sending written messages, a custom known as texting. A new study suggests that more than half of U. S. parents believe texting while driving a car or other vehicles is unsafe. Yet most of those questioned said they do it anyway. The finding was reported earlier this month in a scientific publication. Researchers questioned 435 parents from across the United States. Regan Bergmark, who led the survey, said that many people believe texting while driving is unsafe but have also likely done it. In fact, the survey found that 52 percent of millennial (千禧年的) parents said they thought it was “never” safe to text and drive. The same goes for 58 percent of older parents. But almost two-thirds of parents reported reading texts while driving, and more than half of them have also written texts.Millennial parents were more likely to use email while driving and drive faster than the speed limit. “The problem with smartphones is that they have become an unavoidable part of daily life for most people,” Regan said. “Many people are expected to be reachable by phone or email immediately, to be reachable for their children or work.Being a responsible adult therefore often means always being reachable-yet we also know that while driving.Being reachable carries with it the risk of a crash. ” In general,it is never safe to use a smartphone while driving. There are a number of APPs that can help to limit distracted (分心的) driving by disabling phone features, when the vehicle is in motion. The simplest thing to do is put the phone out of sight and out of reach to reduce the temptation (诱惑) to drive distractedly. 67．What is the main problem described in Paragraph 2? A．People use smartphones to keep in touch with others. B．People tend to drive faster than the speed limit. C．People tend to write text messages rather than use email. D．People use smartphones while driving despite the danger. 68．What can we infer from Regan’s words? A．People in modern society can’t live without smartphones. B．People are expected to be reachable every second. C．It’s unwise to be always reachable while driving. D．It’s dangerous to drive because of the risk of a crash. 69．In the last paragraph, the author means to . A．summarize the previous paragraphs B．provide some advice for the readers C．add some background information D．introduce a new topic for discussion 70．Where is the text most likely from? A．A novel. B．A guidebook. C．A scientific report. D．A medical magazine. 【答案】67．D 68．C 69．B 70．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究，表明大多数美国家长曾在开车时用手机发过消息，这一行为是很危险的。 67．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A new study suggests that more than half of U. S. parents believe texting while driving a car or other vehicles is unsafe. Yet most of those questioned said they do it anyway. (一项新研究表明，美国超过一半的父母认为在驾驶汽车或其他载具时发消息是不安全的。然而参加调查的人中大多数都表示他们还是这样做过)”可知，第二段描述的主要问题就是人们会不顾危险在开车时使用手机。故选D项。 68．推理判断题。根据第四段引述Regan的原话“Many people are expected to be reachable by phone or email immediately, to be reachable for their children or work.Being a responsible adult therefore often means always being reachable-yet we also know that while driving.Being reachable carries with it the risk of a crash.(许多人都希望能通过电话或电子邮件立即联系到他们，他们的孩子或工作上的事也可以联系到他们。因此，作为一个负责任的成年人，通常意味着总是可以联系到，哪怕是在开车时。时刻保持联系就带来了车祸的风险。)”可知，尽管时刻与外界保持联系是现代社会的要求，但在进行开车这样需要高度专注的活动时还要这样是很不明智、很不安全的。故选C项。 69．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In general, it is never safe to use a smartphone while driving. There are a number of APPs that can help to limit distracted (分心的) driving by disabling phone features, when the vehicle is in motion. The simplest thing to do is put the phone out of sight and out of reach to reduce the temptation (诱惑) to drive distractedly.(总的来说，开车时用手机是绝对不安全的。有很多的APP能在车辆运转时通过禁用手机功能来帮助限制开车时分心的情况。最简单的做法就是把手机放在眼睛看不到、手碰不着的地方，从而减少因此而分心的诱惑)”可知，作者在最后一段提供了一些关于开车时使用手机的建议。故选B项。 70．推理判断题。总览全文可知，本文内容是关于开车时使用手机的一项调查的结果说明与分析，调查研究最可能出自科学报道。故选C项。 （十九） （23-24高二上·安徽宣城·期末）In a new study of more than 50,000 Korean adolescents, those who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of adverse mental health and substance use. Jin Hwa Moon and Jong Ho Cha of Hanyang University Medical Center, Korea, and colleagues presented these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on December 6, 2023. Previous research has shown that smartphone use among adolescents has increased in recent years, and that this usage may be associated with higher risk of adverse health, such as psychiatric disorders (精神紊乱), sleep issues, and eye-related problems. However, growing evidence suggests that at least some daily internet usage may be associated with better physical and mental health for adolescents. To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents ‘use of smartphones and health, Moon, Cha and colleagues analyzed data on more than 50,000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in 2020. The data included the approximate number of daily hours each participant spent on a smartphone as well as various health measures. The researchers found that in 2020, the percentage of adolescents in the study who used a smartphone more than 2 hours per day was 85.7 percent — up from 64.3 percent in 2017. Adolescents who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress, thoughts of suicide, and substance use than those with usage below 4 hours per day. However, adolescents that used a smartphone 1-2 hours per day encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a smartphone at all. The authors note that this study does not confirm a causal relationship between smartphone use and adverse health outcomes. However, the findings could help inform usage guidelines for adolescents—especially if daily usage continues to rise. 71．What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Related. B．Negative. C．Favorable. D．Positive. 72．What can be inferred about the results of the new study? A．Smartphone use is harmful to teenagers. B．A growing number of teenagers use smartphones. C．A proper amount of smartphone use is beneficial. D．The more use of smartphones, the higher risks of men tal health. 73．How did researchers carry out the study? A．By comparing different studies. B．By studying adolescents’ health. C．By analyzing previous information. D．By collecting data from participants. 74．What would be the best title for the text? A．Smartphone use among teenagers on the rise. B．Smartphone use accounting for poor mental health. C．Right smartphone use leading to fewer problems in teenagers. D．Overuse of smartphones linked to mental health risks in teenagers. 【答案】71．B 72．C 73．D 74．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率。 71．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Adolescents who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of stress, thoughts of suicide, and substance use than those with usage below 4 hours per day.(每天使用智能手机超过4小时的青少年比每天使用智能手机不到4小时的青少年有更高的压力、自杀念头和药物使用率。)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率”，划线词adverse的意思是“不利的，有害的”，和negative意思相近，故选B。 72．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, adolescents that used a smartphone 1-2 hours per day encountered fewer problems than adolescents who did not use a smartphone at all.(然而，每天使用智能手机1-2小时的青少年遇到的问题比根本不使用智能手机的青少年少。)”可知，从这项新研究的结果可以推断出适量使用智能手机是有益的。故选C。 73．推理判断题。根据第四段“To deepen understanding of the relationship between adolescents ‘use of smartphones and health, Moon, Cha and colleagues analyzed data on more than 50,000 adolescent participants in 2017 and in 2020.(为了加深对青少年使用智能手机与健康之间关系的理解，Moon、Cha和同事分析了2017年和2020年超过5万名青少年参与者的数据。)”可知，研究人员通过收集参与者的数据来进行这项研究的，故选D。 74．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In a new study of more than 50,000 Korean adolescents, those who used a smartphone for more than 4 hours per day had higher rates of adverse mental health and substance use.(在一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率。)”可知，本文主要讲的是在一项针对5万多名韩国青少年的新研究中，那些每天使用智能手机超过4小时的人有更高的不良心理健康和物质使用率，因此最好的题目是D选项“Overuse of smartphones linked to mental health risks in teenagers.(青少年过度使用智能手机与心理健康风险有关)”，故选D。 （二十） （23-24高二上·安徽合肥·期末）Patients often come into my office and ask, “How can I look younger?” While I always suggest healthy living — a balanced diet and regular exercise — in order to look and feel younger, I have never thought of facial exercises as part of that plan. That is, until a recent study, published in JAMA Dermatology (皮肤学), showed promising results that routine facial exercise may slow the merciless tide of time. The theory behind the study originates from the fact that a major part of facial aging is due to the loss of fat and soft tissue, which leads to the growth and spread of wrinkles. If we can lift weights at the gym and enlarge muscles in arms, why couldn’t the same be done for muscles in our faces, therefore to create a more youthful face? The concept of facial exercise is not a new one. A simple Internet search will produce a lot of blog posts and books on the subject, as well as various programs that promise to be the next fountain of youth. What the JAMA Dermatology researchers did in their study, which was the first of its kind, was to examine this question from a more strict scientific aspect. They enrolled 27 women between the ages of 40 and 65 to perform daily, 30-minute exercises for eight weeks, and then continue every other day for a total of 20 weeks. Dermatologists who did not know the participants were asked to rate their photographs before and after the exercise. The dermatologists found an improvement in cheek fullness and estimated the age of the participants at 51 years of age at the start of the program and 48 at the end of the 20-week study. Furthermore, all the participants felt improvement in their own facial appearance at the end of the study. While these results seem exalting, the study has some obvious limitations. Of the 27 patients involved, 11 gave up before completing the study. One reason may be that the program was too time-consuming, clocking in at 30 minutes a day. The overall small size of the study also limits its generalizability to the larger population. In addition, there was also no control group, which would have helped reduce the possibility that this improvement happened by chance. It’s also hard to draw conclusions about the longevity of these results. Probably the exercises must be continued to keep their effects. But for how long? And how frequently? Which exercises are most effective? Most studies are needed to answer these questions. 75．What is the author’s attitude towards the study published in JAMA Dermatology? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Opposed. D．Indifferent 76．According to the passage, which statement is true? A．Though the concept of facial exercise is new, much information about it can be found on the Internet. B．Some participants did not feel improvement in their facial appearance at the end of the study. C．If there is a control group, the possibility that the improvement in the facial appearance happened by chance will be increased. D．The reason why some participants quit the study before it was completely may be that they had not enough time. 77．What does the underlined word exalting mean? A．Exciting. B．Challenging. C．Frustrating. D．Calming. 78．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The study published in JAMA Dermatology is not reliable. B．Healthy living is the only way to make someone look and feel young. C．More studies are needed to further the present study on facial exercises. D．As a dermatologist, the author was involved in the research project on facial exercises. 【答案】75．B 76．D 77．A 78．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。发表在《美国医学会皮肤学杂志》上的一项研究显示，常规的面部锻炼可能会减缓衰老和改善面部面貌。 75．推理判断题。根据第一段中“While I always suggest healthy living — a balanced diet and regular exercise — in order to look and feel younger, I have never thought of facial exercises as part of that plan. That is, until a recent study, published in JAMA Dermatology (皮肤学), showed promising results that routine facial exercise may slow the merciless tide of time. (虽然我总是建议健康的生活方式——均衡的饮食和规律的锻炼——为了看起来更年轻，感觉更年轻，但我从来没有想过面部锻炼是我的计划的一部分。直到最近发表在《美国医学会皮肤学杂志》(JAMA Dermatology)上的一项研究显示，常规的面部锻炼可能会减缓无情的时间潮流)”和最后一段中“Probably the exercises must be continued to keep their effects. (也许必须继续锻炼才能保持其效果)”可知，作者对《美国医学会皮肤学杂志》上发表的研究持积极的态度。故选B项。 76．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Of the 27 patients involved, 11 gave up before completing the study. One reason may be that the program was too time-consuming, clocking in at 30 minutes a day. (在27名患者中，有11人在完成研究前就放弃了。一个原因可能是，这个项目很耗时，每天要花30分钟)”可知，一些参与者在研究完全结束前退出的原因可能是他们没有足够的时间。故选D项。 77．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“While these results seem exalting, the study has some obvious limitations. (虽然这些结果似乎exalting，但这项研究有一些明显的局限性)”和第四段中“Furthermore, all the participants felt improvement in their own facial appearance at the end of the study. (此外，所有参与者在研究结束时都感觉自己的面部面貌改善了)”可知，由参与者感觉自己的面貌改善了和提到这项研究有一些局限性。由此可知，这些结果应该是令人兴奋的，因此猜测下划线词exalting意为“令人兴奋的”，与A项中的exciting意义一致。故选A项。 78．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Probably the exercises must be continued to keep their effects. But for how long? And how frequently? Which exercises are most effective? Most studies are need to answer these questions. (也许必须继续锻炼才能保持其效果。但要持续多久呢？多频繁呢？哪种运动是最有效的呢？需要更多研究来回答这些问题)”可知，目前对面部运动的研究还有待进一步的研究。故选C项。 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$