Unit 10 If you go to the party,you’ll have a great time（单元知识清单）-【上好课】2024-2025学年八年级英语上册同步精品课堂（人教版）

Unit 10 If you go to the party,you’ll have a great time. 重要知识点清单 一、单元重点词汇 ...let's order food from a restaurant. ……咱们从饭店订餐吧。 【知识详解 】order 动词 命令 名词 命令、顺序、订单、所点的饮食菜肴 ①〔及物动词〕订购；订货；点菜 order sth.from... 从……订购某物 I ordered some clothes from that shop. ②〔及物动词〕命令 order sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事 It is said that during Yao and Shun times, Shun ordered Yu to control the flood. ③〔名词〕秩序；顺序；点菜 in...order按……顺序 take/have one's order点菜 Put the sentences in the right order. May I take/have your order? 拓展 order可构成 in order to...或 in order that... 结构，意为“为了……”。 I refused his invitation in order to look after my grandmother. =I refused his invitation in order that I could look after my grandmother. Can you give me some advice?你能给我一些建议吗? 【知识详解】 advice是不可数名词,意为“劝告;建议",可以用some, much, a piece of等修饰。 如a piece of advice意为"一条建议";two pieces of advice意为"两条建议"。 常与advice措配的形容词有good,useful, helpful等。 I need some advice about my computer.我需要一些有关我的电脑的建议。 固定搭配suggestion（n） advice（n） suggest（v） advise（v） suggest doing sth 建议做某事 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth 建议做某事 建议 ①give sb. some advice给某人一些建议 My father once gave me some useful advice,我父亲曾经给过我一些有用的建议。 ②get some advice ( from sb.)(从某人那里)获得一些建议 He decided to get some advice from an expert他决定从一位专家那里获得一些建议。 ③follow/take sb. 's advice 听从/采纳某人的建议 He followed/took his doctor's advice and stuck to a low-fat diet.他听从/采纳了他的医生的建议,坚持低脂饮食。 ④ask sb. 's advice on/about..问某人关于...的建议 Can I ask your advice on/about learning English?我能问一下你关于学习英语的建议吗? 联想拓展 advice的动词形式为advise。advise的常见搭配有: ①advise sth / doing sth 建议某事/ 做某事 ②advise sb how to do sth 建议某人如何做某事 ③advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 Evans advised him to leave London埃文斯劝他离开伦敦。 He advises them on tax matters.他向他们提供税务建议。 suggestion（n） advice（n） suggest（v） advise（v） suggest doing sth 建议做某事 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth 建议做某事 建议 Unless we talk to someone, we'll certainly feel worse.如果我们不找从聊聊,我们肯定会感觉更糟。 【知识点详解】 unless〔连词〕除非；如果不 引导条件状语从句，相当于if...not...。 Unless he invites me, I won't go to his party. = If he doesn't invite me, I won't go to his party. 注意 当主句用一般将来时或是祈使句时，unless引导的从句常用一般现在时。 There will be more pollution unless people drive less. Don't pour the water into the river unless you make sure it is clean enough. certainly意为“无疑；肯定；当然；行” certainly作副词，位于be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。 This is certainly the best place to see the city. 这无疑是看这个城市的最佳地点。 【拓展延伸】certainly可单独使用，用于肯定回答，表示同意或允许。同义词（组）为of course, sure。 —Can I go along with you? 我能和你一起去吗？ —Certainly./Of course./Sure. 当然可以。 If I tell my parents, they’ll be angry.如果我告诉我的父母，他们会生气的 【知识点详解 】 angry〔形容词〕发怒的；生气的 固定搭配 ①get angry 生气 ②be angry with/at sb.生某人的气 ③be angry about/over sth.对某事生气 If you don't finish the work,Mr. Green will be angry. He was beginning to get angry. My mother was angry with me about my careless mistakes. 拓展 angrily〔副词〕愤怒地，生气地 She looked at him angrily. Her dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes himself.她的爸爸说他自己有时候也犯粗心的错误。 【知识点详解 】 mistake作名词,意为"错误", 常见搭配 make a mistake(犯错), correct a mistake(改正错误), admit one's mistake(承认某人的错误)。 拓展 mistake也可以作动词,意为"弄错;误解”。 There are some spelling mistakes in your homework.你的作业里有一些拼写错误。 背例句学搭配 固定搭配 ①make a mistake in...在..中犯错误 ②by mistake错误地 ③mistake A for B把A错当成B They got her a new wallet and asked her to be more careful.他们给她买了一个新钱包，还让她再小心些。 【知识点详解 】 careful是形容词,可用在系动词后作表语,也可用在名词前作定语。口语中提醒别人要小心时常用be careful,意为"当心;小心"。 Be careful--the floor's slippery.小心地板很滑。 固定搭配 ①be careful about...对.....小心 Mary is careful about what she eats.玛丽对她吃的东西很小心。 ②be careful to do sth,小心做某事 You should be careful to deal with such kind of metal.你应该小心处置这种金属。 联想拓展 careful的副词形式是carefully,意为“小心地;仔细地"。 careless意为"粗心的;不小心的",是careful的反义词。 -less为形容词否定后缀,类似的词有meaningless,helpless, homeless,selfless(无私的)等。 Be careful when you walk on the street.在街上走路时要小心。 He thinks the first step is to find someone you trust to talk to.他认为第一步是找到你信任的某个人谈一谈。 【知识点详解 】 trust作动词时,意为“相信;信任",其后可以直接跟名词、代词等作宾语。其作名词表示“信任；新来；相信”时，为不可数名词 I don't trust him.我不信任他。 Can we trust these data?我们能相信这些数据吗? 固定搭配 ①〔动词〕相信；信任 常见用法有： a. trust sb. (=believe in sb.)信任某人 I just don't trust(=believe in)him. b. trust sb. (not) to do sth.相信某人（不）会做某事 You can trust me not to tell anyone. c. trust sth.相信某事 He trusted her judgement. ②〔名词〕信任 If you put your trust in me, I will not let you down. Students often forget that their parents have more experience...学生们经常忘记他们的父母有更多的经验 【知识点详解 】 experience作名词时有两个意思。experience意为"经历"时,为可数名词; experience意为"经验”时,为不可数名词,可用于短语have experience in/of sth.,意为"在某事上有经验"。experience还可以作动词,意为"经历;体验;体会”。 I had a similar experience last year.去年我有过一次相似的经历。 I have some experience in/of fashion design.我在时装设计方面有一些经验。 Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.孩子需要自己经历事情,以便从中学习。 Who else can you get advice from?你还能从谁那儿获得建议呢? 【知识点详解 】 else为副词,意为"别的;其他的",常用在疑问代词和不定代词后。 There's something else I'd like to talk about as well，我还有一些其他事情也想谈一谈。 If I can't trust you, who else can I trust?我要是不能相信你,我还能相信谁呢? 易混辨析 else 与other的用法区别 other作形容词,意为"其他的",后跟可数名词复数形式;而else是副词,常位于疑问代词和不定代词后。 What other things did you see in the big box? 你看到那个大箱子里面还有什么别的东西? What else did you see in the big box? 你看到那个大箱子里面还有别的什么? If you ask people to bring food, they’ll just bring potato clips and chocolate because they’ll be too lazy to cook. 如果你让大家带食物来，他们只会带炸薯条和巧克力，因为他们太懒了。 【知识点详解】 ①ask sb. to do sth意为＂要求某人做某事＂，其否定形式是＂ask sb. not to do sth.＂要求某人不要做某事。 I require to ask him to go to the movies. 我想让他去电影院。 固定词组： ask sb about sth 询问某人关于某东西 ask sb sth 询问某人某东西 ask sb for sth 向某人索取某东西 ②too + adj./adv. + to do sth. 意为＂太……而不能做某事＂，表否定意义。 too … to … 有时可与not ... enough to...进行同义转换。 The math problem is too difficult for me to work out. 这道数学题太难，我解不出来。 My soup is too hot to drink.我的汤太烫，没法喝。 The boy is too young to join the army. = The boy is not old enough to join the army. She was afraid to tell her parents about it. 她害怕将这件事告诉她的父母。 【知识点详解】 【易混辨析】be afraid to do sth.与be afraid of doing sth. be afraid to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事（凭经验和一般常识不敢做某事） be afraid of doing sth. 担心会发生某事（但实际上未必会发生） She was afraid to speak loud because she was afraid of waking her baby up. 她不敢大声说话，因为她担心会吵醒她的孩子。 If people have problems, they should keep them to themselves.如果人们有问题，他们应该绝口不提。 【知识点详解】 keep...to oneself 保守秘密；绝口不提；把问题/烦恼埋在心底 I promise to keep it to myself. keep用法小结： Sometimes they have problems with their schoolwork, and sometimes with their friends.有时他们有学业方面的问题，有时有朋友方面的问题。 【知识点详解】 have problems with 在……方面有问题 Some people have problems with their minds. 拓展 have problems/trouble/difficulty(in) doing sth.做某事有困难 No problem 没问题 He has problems/trouble/difficulty (in) sleeping. Her dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes himself.她爸爸说他自己有时也犯粗心的错误。 【知识点详解】 careless的用法 careless形容词，意为“粗心的；不小心的”。副词形式为carelessly“粗心地”，careless的反义词是careful。 他划破了手指，实在是太粗心了。It was careless of him to cut his finger. 考点拓展 有些“名词+less”构成形容词，表示否定意义，意为“无……的，不能……的”，这类词有：hopeless无希望的；homeless无家可归的；useless无用的；helpless无助的；endless没完没了的。 mistake的用法 mistake名词，意为“错误；过失”。 这个男孩犯了一个严重的错误。The boy made a serious mistake. 考点拓展 mistake 名词 过失；错误 by mistake弄错，错误地 make mistakes犯错误 动词 弄错， 误解， 把…… 误认为 mistake...for...把……误认为…… He took the umbrella by mistake.他错拿了那把雨伞。 Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, let's give him a chance.既然很多人在一生中都会犯错误，就给他一个（改过的）机会吧。 I often mistake Tom for his brother.我经常误把汤姆当成他弟弟。 -Excuse me, sir. Are you sure the umbrella in your hand belongs to you？ -Oh, sorry .I took it .___C___. Mine is over there under the chair. A. at once B. on time C. by mistake D. in all It is best not to run away from our problems. 最好不要逃避我们的问题。 【知识点详解】 1) It is best (not) to do sth. 最好（不）做某事 ， it为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语。此句式相当于"You'd better(not) do sth."。 It is best to speak English every day. =You'd better speak English every day. 2)run away from 逃避；回避 You can't run away from your responsibilities. 拓展 与run相关的常用短语： run off跑掉 run after追赶 run out of用完；用光 run away 逃跑；出逃 We should always try to solve them.我们应该总是尽力去解决问题。 【知识点详解】 ①try：动词，尽力；尝试 词组：try to do sth 尽力干某事 try doing sth 试着干某事 try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力干某事 try on 试穿 注意：try 作名词讲，尝试 have a try 试一试 ②solve:动词，解决 辨析：solve与answer solve 解决；解答 常与problem搭配使用，表示解决问题，此问题难度较大 answer 回答；答复 常与question搭配使用，表示回答问题，此问题难度较小 But being angry can't solve problems. Who can answer my question? So you're halfway to solving a problem just by talking to someone about it！因此，你只要跟人聊聊这个问题，你就已经解决了问题的一半！ 【知识点详解】 be halfway to... 完成了或做了某件事情的一半/部分，其中to是介词，后跟动词-ing形式。 We are halfway to finishing the job. Be halfway to doing sth 完成了或做了某件事情的一半/部分 Who else can you get advice from？你们还能从谁那里得到建议？ 【知识点详解】 else的用法 else表示“其他的；别的”，常放在疑问代词who，what，whose，不定代词 something，anything，everyone，疑问副词 where，when等后面，即else要后置。 I have nothing else to say.我没有什么别的要说了。 你还能在图片里看到别的什么吗？What else can you see in the picture？ 我们下次什么时候还能见面？When else can we meet next time？ 考点辨析 else，other else 修饰不定代词或疑问词，else要后置。 other “其他的；别的”，修饰名词，且放在名词前。 Where else are you going to stay？你们还要在什么地方停留？ What other things are there on the table？桌上还有别的什么东西吗？ 中考特殊考点 形容词修饰不定代词，形容词要后置。enough 修饰形容词或副词，enough要后置。 二、单元语法讲解 （一）if引导的条件状语从句 一、语法概述 在复合句中作条件状语的句子叫条件状语从句。条件状语从句常用if来引导。if从句既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。放在主句前时，要用“，”与后面的主句隔开。 2、 含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中主从句的时态 在含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，主句为以下情况之一的，条件状语从句用一般现在时： 1.主句是一般将来时。“主将从现” If you give him the chance, he will thank you very much.如果你给他机会，他将会非常感谢你。 从句 主句 一般现在时 一般将来时 “主情从现” 2.主句谓语部分含有情态动词（may，might，can，must，should等）。If you eat bad food,you may fall ill.如果你吃变质的食物，你可能会生病。 从句 主句 一般现在时 情态动词 “主祈从现” 3.主句为祈使句。If the light is red, wait for a minute.如果是红灯，等一会儿。 从句 主句 一般现在时 祈使句 【拓展延伸】 拓展知识1： 含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句可与其他句型进行转换。具体如下： 与“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”进行互换。and表示顺承关系，or表示“否则”。 ►If you are more outgoing, you will have more friends. = Be more friends, and you will have more friends. 如果你更外向一些，你会有更多的朋友。 ►If you don’t get up early, you will be late for school. = Get up early, or you will be late for school. 早点起床，否则你上学会迟到。 拓展知识2： if还可引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，此时从句的时态根据具体情况来决定。 Eg.I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。 （二）情态动词should的用法 一、语法概述 should为情态动词，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。 二、基本结构 肯定句 主语+should+动词原形+其他 We should tell her about it. 我们应该告诉她这件事。 否定句 主语+shouldn’t+动词原形+其他 We shouldn’t tell her about it. 我们不应该告诉她这件事。 一般疑问句 Should+主语+动词原形+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+should. 否定回答：No, 主语+shouldn’t. Should we tell her about it? 我们应该把这件事告诉她吗？ 肯定回答：Yes, we should. 是的，我们应该。 否定回答：No, we shouldn’t. 不，我们不应该。 三、基本用法 1.表示征询意见和提出建议，意为“应该”。 Eg.I think you should buy the white coat because it looks good on you. 我觉得你应该买那件白色的外套，因为你穿上很好看。 2.表示按责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”。 Eg.You should respect your parents. 你应该尊重父母。 3.表示推测，意为“照理说，应该”。表示肯定又留有余地的推测，语气弱于must“一定”（表示推测）。 Eg.The train should arrive soon. 火车应该很快就到了。 4.用于疑问句或感叹句中，表示意外、惊异等情绪，可与what，how，why，who等连用。 Eg.How I should know? 我怎么会知道？ What should I do? 我应该怎么办？ 三、单元写作 话题分析 本单元的话题是“做决定”，与单元话题相关的写作内容常常是要求能针对具体的情况进行假设并讨论事情的结果，给存在问题的人提出建议，帮助解决问题。与此相关的写作任务往往围绕建议展开。写作时应该注意if引导的条件状语从句以及should/shouldn't等的正确运用。 写作方法 “概—说—论”法写“人物比较类”作文 1. 概: 开门见山, 总体介绍人物关系; 2. 说: 从外表、性格、喜好、言行等方面详细比较人物; 3. 论: 评论人物关系和状态, 客观分析人物关系之间的影响。 写作素材 ※ 开头句 ①My best friend is Li Yun./Li Yun is my best friend. ②My friends and I have a lot in common，but we still have some differences. ③As the saying goes，“You don't need a lot of friends as long as they're good.” ※ 中间句 ①She often wears a pink shirt and blue trousers. ②I think she is very kind-hearted. ③She is outgoing and always makes people around her happy and relaxed. ④Both of us like to make new friends and we also love to help other people. ※ 结尾句 ①Even though we have differences，we are still very good friends. ②I feel happy to have such a good friend. ③I hope our friendship will last forever. 【谚语积累】 1．A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 2．A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。 ※常用的词汇 problem，should，enough，spend，happy，angry，worry，plan，try，try to do sth.，be angry with sb.，thanks for...，in trouble，too much，have a good time ※常用的句型句式 I think she should try to... Thanks for... If you..., you'll... I think if you... I am sure you will... I think we should... If we..., we can... It is best（not）to do... You'd better（not）do sth. ※常用开头结尾句 My friend...has a problem. Thanks for your letter. We all have some problems. I am glad to hear from you. I think you will... I think she will be able to deal with... 写作在线 假如你的朋友Alice有两个问题困扰着她。第一个问题是父母忙碌，没有时间和她一起说话。另一个问题是几天前她和她的好朋友争吵了。作为好朋友的你，请根据下面的提示给她提一些建议。 1.尽量帮助父母做家务，如果这样做了，就能和父母一起度过一些时光，父母也会很高兴； 2.和朋友说一说，对于争吵努力去解决，如果理解原谅对方，相互就不会生气了。 要求：1.合理使用if引导的条件状语从句以及正确运用should/shouldn't； 2.90词左右，开头、结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：have a fight with与……打架/争吵；misunderstanding 误会；work things out 解决事情 My friend Alice has two problems. ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I think she will be able to deal with the problems. 思路点拨 引出话题 My friend Alice has two problems. 问题与建议 One problem is... should..., If..., she will... The other problem is... should..., If…they will… 结论 I think she will be able to... 范文赏析 My friend Alice has two problems. One problem is that her parents are very busy and they don't have enough time to talk to her. I think she should try to help her parents with the housework. If she does, she will spend more time with her parents, and everyone will be happy. The other problem is that she had a fight with her best friend a few days ago. It was just a misunderstanding. I think she should have a talk with her best friend and try to work things out. If they can understand each other, they will not be angry with each other any more. I think she will be able to deal with the problems. 名师点评 本文谋篇布局合理，思路清晰，无语法知识性错误。 1.开篇点题，用一般现在时引出两个围扰的问题。 2.结构层次分明。话题引入→问题与建议→结论。 3.should的运用恰到好处，给对方提出了具体建议。 4.if条件状语从句运用自然，前后时态使用规范。 5.结尾的评论语言得体，有感而发，整体符合要求。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$