内容正文：
Period 3 Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
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Grammar Focus
I’d like to help homeless people. ① She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school. ②
温馨提示：此符号表示“考点精讲点拨”链接。
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put off
4a Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
put up hand out call up cheer up
come up with give out put off
1. I want to _________ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year. ③
2. She hopes to _________ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after -school programs.
call up
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put up hand out call up cheer up
come up with give out put off
3. Our class is trying to ________________ some ideas to _________ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to _________ signs around the school and _________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _________ the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
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to make
4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
help move do make visit spend
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _________ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do _________ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us.
在生活中要善于帮助那些不幸的人和无家可归的人。
to do
to help
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help move do make visit spend
Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way ___________ our free time. For example, we can make plans ___________ sick children in the hospital or raise /reɪz/ money for homeless people. ④ Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year __________ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
to spend
to visit
to move
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4c Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
1. I’d like to volunteer _____________________.
2. At 12:00 midnight/'mɪdnaɪt/, I called my friend _____________.
3. I’m very busy but I could help _____________________.
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want ________________.
5. I want to travel alone/ə‘ləʊn/. ⑤ My parents told me (not) _____________________.
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1 I’d like to help homeless people.
homeless /'həʊmləs/ adj. 无家可归的
We must take good care of the homeless cats and dogs.
我们必须好好照顾无家可归的猫和狗。（作定语）
He was homeless, so we took him in.
他无家可归，我们就收留了他。（作表语）
She would like to help the homeless. 她想帮助无家可归的人。
无家可归的人
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构词法记单词
homeless 是由“名词home +-less（表示否定意义的形容词后缀）”构成。类似构成的词还有：hopeless（无希望的）；
useless（无用的）；helpless（无助的）；meaningless（无意义的）；jobless（无业的；失业的）；worthless（无价值的）等。
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考题1: After the heavy rain, many people became ___________ (home).
homeless
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温馨提示：可返回原文
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2 I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
(重点)put up 张贴
Could you please help me put up the notices?
请你帮助我张贴通知好吗？
敲黑板
put up 为“动词+ 副词”结构的动词短语，其宾语常常是通知、布告、海报等类的名词。
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拓展：put up 的其他常用含义：
“举起；抬起” Now I can’t put up my hands.
现在我的双手抬不起来了。
“建造；搭建” We put up our tents on the top of the mountain and enjoyed ourselves.我们在山顶搭建了帐篷并且玩得很开心。
“提出
（建议等）” Please put up a good idea for me.
请为我提出一个好主意。
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图解助记
put up 的一词多义：
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考题2: [常州] —Can you _______ the sign for the community party?
—Sure, where should I hang it?
A．keep up
B．take up
C．give up
D．put up
D
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保持
占据
放弃
张贴
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3 I’m too busy with my studies this year.
be busy with... 忙于做……
My teacher is often busy with work, and he even has no time to relax on weekends.我的老师经常忙于工作，他甚至在周末都没有时间放松。
The farmers are busy working in the field.
农民们正在田地里忙于工作。
be busy with 后接名词
或代词作宾语。
be busy doing sth.
忙于做某事
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考题3: Many medical workers are busy _________ their work during lunch time.
A．to B．of C．from D．with
D
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【点拨】用固定搭配法。句意：许多医疗工作者在午饭期间忙于工作。be busy with sth忙于某事。
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4 For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.
raise /reɪz/ v. 募集；征集
We raised some money for the sick child yesterday.
昨天我们为这个生病的孩子募集了一些钱。
He raised his hand to wave. 他举起他的手挥舞。
raise 是及物动词，后接名词、代词作宾语。常用短语raise money for，意为“为……筹款”
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The Shenzhou XVIII members raise fish for the first time in the Tiangong space station.神舟十八号成员首次在天宫空间站养鱼。
Don’t raise your voice to me! 别对我高声大叫！
raise 的其他含义：
举起
抚养；饲养
提高
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考题4: Tom and his friends sold their toys to _________ money for the children in poor areas.
A．accept B．keep C．raise D．cost
C
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5 I want to travel alone.
(重点) alone /ə'ləʊn/ adv. 独自；单独
辨析：alone 与 lonely
alone 形容词 “单独的；独自的” 强调客观情况，数量上就一个。
副词 “独自；单独”
lonely 形容词 “孤独的，寂寞的；荒凉的，偏僻的” 强调主观感情，心灵上的孤独，具有伤感色彩。
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She watches TV when she is alone. 独自一人时，她便看电视。
Mary lived alone in New York for years.
玛丽孤身一人在纽约生活了好几年。
She has few friends here and she often feels lonely.
她在这里几乎没有朋友，她常感到孤独。
There is a lonely house standing on the hill.
一座偏僻的房屋矗立在小山上。
作形容词
作副词
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一语辨异
The man lived alone on a lonely island, but he didn’t feel lonely. 那个男人独自住在一座孤岛上，但他并不感到孤独。
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图解助记
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考题5: [绥化] —The old man lives ______, so he may feel ______.
—We should visit him twice a month.
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone
A
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动词
不定式
的用法 概述 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其基本结构为“to +动词原形”，其中to是动词不定式符号。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。
用法 作宾语 动词不定式常放在一些动词后作宾语，常见的动词有：want, begin, decide, learn, agree, need, hope等。①
作宾语
补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语说明宾语所做的动作，常见的动词有：want，tell，ask，invite，encourage，allow等。②
单元语法沙龙
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动词
不定式
的用法 用法 作状语 动词不定式作状语时常作目的状语。③
特殊疑问词+
动词不定式 动词不定式常与what, how, when, where等疑问词连用。④
不带to的
动词不定式 在一些使役动词或感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式常省略动词不定式符号to，常见的动词有let, make（使）, see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have（使；让）等。⑤
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1 I want to tell you a story.
我想给你讲个故事。
We decided not to give up our plan.
我们决定不放弃我们的计划。
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速记小法
需要拒绝莫忘记 (need, refuse, forget)，
想要学习就努力 (want, learn, try)，
希望帮助并同意 (hope/wish, help, agree)，
喜欢决定后开始 (like, decide, begin)。
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【点拨】hope to do sth.“希望做某事”。
考题1: [达州] Qiqi hopes ________ medicine in Sichuan University.
A. studies B. studying C. to study
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C
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2 Our teachers ask us not to waste time.
我们的老师们要求我们不要浪费时间。
I want you to help me.我想要你帮助我。
易错提醒
动词不定式的否定形式是在动词不定式符号to前加not。
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【点拨】句意：我们的校长将邀请一位科学家给我们做太空技术的演讲。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”。
考题2: Our headmaster will invite a scientist _______ us a speech on space technology.
A. give B. given
C. giving D. to give
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D
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3 He studies hard to go to university.
他努力学习是为了上大学。
We came here to help the old people.
我们来这里是为了帮助老年人。
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B
【点拨】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了保护青少年的视力，专家们建议他们远离电子产品。
考题3: ________ teenagers’ eyesight，experts advise them to stay away from electronic products.
A. Protect B. To protect C. Protecting
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4 I’m sorry I don’t know when to start.
对不起，我不知道什么时候开始。
With your help, I learned how to solve the problem.
在你的帮助下，我学会了怎样解决这个问题。
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【点拨】用句意理解法。分析题目可知空处是
“特殊疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构。
考题4: 上周我教我的爷爷如何使用电脑。
I taught my grandfather __________ __________ __________ the computer last week.
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how to use
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5 I often see them play soccer on the playground.
我经常看到他们在操场上踢足球。
What made her cry? 是什么使她哭的？
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A
【点拨】句意：这位演员过去常常在他的电影中拿自己开玩笑，让人们发笑。make sb do“让某人做……”，此处应用省略to 的动词不定式作宾补。
考题5: The actor used to make jokes on himself to make people ______ in his movies.
A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed
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动词短语 概述 动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式，可以把它看作是一个整体，同一般动词一样使用。
构成 动词+
副词 部分动词短语可作不及物动词，如come back（回来）；start off（动身）；go by（流逝）等；也可作及物动词，后接名词或代词作宾语，名词放在副词的前后均可，代词要位于副词前。如cheer up（振奋起来）；clean up（打扫干净）；put up（举起；张贴）；cut up（切碎）等。①
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动词
短语 构成 动词+
介词 此结构的动词短语相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是位于介词后面。如look after （照看）；hear from （收到……的来信）；wait for（等候）；look like（看起来像）等。②
动词+
副词+
介词 此结构的动词短语相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是位于介词后面。如come up with（想出）；run out of（耗尽）；catch up with（赶上）；look forward to（盼望）等。③
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动词
短语 构成 动词+
名词 常见的动词有have, make, tell, take 等，如have a rest（休息）；make a mistake （出错）；tell a joke （讲笑话）；take a walk（散步）等。④
动词+
名词+
介词 此结构的动词短语相当于一个及物动词，名词前可以加形容词，宾语总是位于介词后面。如have a look at（看一看）；make friends with（与……交朋友）；pay attention to（注意）；take part in（参加）。⑤
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1 When will we start off?我们什么时候动身?
Let’s go to cheer her up.
咱们去使她振奋起来。
返回
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2 Do you often hear from your parents?
你经常收到你父母的来信吗？
Who are you waiting for?你在等谁？
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C
【点拨】用短语辨析法。turn on打开；get on上车；put on穿上；depend on依靠。根据 “Mamianqun (horse-face skirt)”可知，此处指“穿上”马面裙。
考题6: When you _______ Mamianqun (horse-face skirt), you will sense the beauty of China’s traditional clothing.
A．turn on B．get on
C．put on D．depend on
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care for/
look after
考题7: [重庆B卷]我们应该学会照顾自己。（完成译句）
We should learn to _________ _________ ourselves.
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3 In the end, we came up with a good idea.
最后，我们想出了一个好主意。
We are looking forward to hearing from you.
我们正盼望着收到你的来信。
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A
【点拨】用短语辨析法。look forward to期待；pay attention to关注；get used to习惯于。根据 “I am ... his next performance.” 可知，期待他的下次演出。
考题8: [福建]—Xiao Hai won the first prize in our School Art Festival.
—Wonderful! I am ______ his next performance.
A．looking forward to B．paying attention to
C．getting used to
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A
考题9: —I’m worried about leaving my friends and going to a new school.
—Take it easy. I’m sure you’ll _______ your classmates if you are friendly to them.
A. get along with B. catch up with
C. get together with D. come up with
【点拨】用短语辨析法。get along with与……相处融洽；catch up with追赶上； get together with与……聚会；come up with想出。根据“if you are friendly to them”可知，此处是指与同学之间的相处，结合常识，如果你对你的同学友好，同学也会和你友好相处。
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4 Why not have a rest?
为什么不休息呢？
Please be careful, or you’ll make mistakes.
请细心点，否则你将会出错。
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考题10: [陕西]如果你想乘坐公交车，地图小程序能告诉你选择哪一路车。（完成译句）
If you want to _______ _______ _______, map apps can tell you which one to choose.
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take the bus
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5 May I have a look at your new watch?
我可以看看你的新手表吗？
Now students can take part in all kinds of activities.
现在学生们能参加各种各样的活动。
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考题11: [广州]凯特计划参加学校科学日活动。
Kate was planning to ________ ________ ________ the activities on the School Science Day.
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take part in
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$$
Period 6 Section B
(3a-Self Check)
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
3a Look at these kinds of volunteer work. Can you add more? What would you like to do? Discuss it with a partner.
·Working in an old people’s home
·Helping kids in an after-school program
·Being a guide at a museum
课文呈现
3b Write a letter or e-mail to the place you want to volunteer at.
Which volunteer job do you want to do?
What are your interests/'ɪntrəsts/ and hobbies?
How can these help you to do the job?
Why do you want to do the volunteer job?
When are you free to do the job?
have/take an
interest in...
对……感兴趣
课文呈现
I’d like to / I’m interested in/I want to volunteer as...
I’m good at /I’m strong in/ In my free time, I like to...so I think I’d be good at this job.
I want to help out as a volunteer in your old people’s home/ school/ museum/group because...
介词，作为
be good at=be strong in=do well in
在某方面做得好；擅长
课文呈现
I’m free to help in/on...
Dear Sir/sɜː(r)/ or Madam/'mædəm/,
____________________________________________________
Yours truly,
_________
课文呈现
Self Check
1 Fill in each blank with a possible verb to make a phrasal verb.
1. _______ up 2. _______ off
3. _______ away 4. _______ out of
5. _______ after
6. _______ up with
put
put
give
run
take
come
课文呈现
2 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrasal verbs or infinitives.
I go to school in a small town. Last month, a volunteer teacher from Beijing came to our school ________ us English. At first, we were too shy ________ to her. But then she ________ with some really fun activities for an English party. She told us __________ some signs around the school and ________ notices to tell people about it. It was interesting ________ English in this way. The teacher also taught us how ________ the guitar. She even ______________ some free books. It will be hard ________ such a wonderful teacher.
to teach
to talk
came up
to design
put up
to learn
to play
handed out
to have
课文呈现
单元话题
本单元话题是“提供帮助及志愿服务”。通过参加一些志愿活动或慈善事业来树立责任意识和社会意识。
[典例][包头] 你校英语报社组织同学们分享自己在社区进行志愿活动的经历，请你根据以下提示写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．简要描述；
2．体验和感受。
写作一课一法
Topic Volunteer Work in Hongxing Community
Time Last Sunday
Activities · made eco-friendly（环保的） products
· gave out reusable water bottles and bags
· worked at the learning stalls（摊位）
写作一课一法
注意：
1．词数为80 左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3． 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称；
4． 短文的题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
写作一课一法
Volunteer Work in Hongxing Community
Last Sunday, I worked in Hongxing Community as a volunteer. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
写作一课一法
审题指导（把握中心，得方向分）
本文是一篇记叙文，分享自己在社区进行志愿活动的经历。主要采用一般过去时，人称以第一人称为主，可以分为三段来写。写作要点已给出，注意不要遗漏信息，着重突出“活动”部分，可适当补充细节。
写作一课一法
写作方法（学会方法，巧得高分）
“三步法”写志愿活动经历
第一步： 首先介绍志愿者活动的时间、地点、人物等；
第二步：具体介绍志愿者活动的内容；
第三步：表达个人感悟。
写作一课一法
写作模板（学会套路，得基本分）
﹃三步法﹄写志愿活动经历 开头：活动时间、地点、人物 Last Sunday, I worked in Hongxing Community as a volunteer.
中间：具体活动内容 Before the event began, we gathered...
Some made...
Others gave out...
I went all out to...
结尾：表达感悟 Sharing is caring.
I wish everyone could care about our community and the earth.
写作一课一法
经典词句（妙用词句，得出彩分）
单词 volunteer, community‖ eco-friendly, reusable‖ gather, recycle, reduce
短语 at the entrance of‖ be divided into, give out, go all out, share...with..., care about‖ learning stalls
写作一课一法
句子 ① Before the event began, we gathered at the entrance of Hongxing Park at 9 a.m.
② I went all out to work at the learning stalls, teaching neighbors how to properly recycle old things and how to reduce trash here in town.
③ I shared what I knew with others through the activity.
写作一课一法
范文赏析（书写工整，得印象分）
Volunteer Work in Hongxing Community
Last Sunday, I worked in Hongxing Community as a volunteer.
Before the event began, we gathered at the entrance of Hongxing Park at 9 a.m. We volunteers were then divided into groups. Some made eco-friendly products. Others gave out reusable water bottles and the bags we made.
写作一课一法
I went all out to work at the learning stalls, teaching neighbors how to properly recycle old things and how to reduce trash here in town.
I shared what I knew with others through the activity. Sharing is caring. I wish everyone could care about our community and the earth.
写作一课一法
名师点评：
本文用“三步法”写志愿活动经历类文章。
第一段开门见山，直奔主题：提出自己在社区进行志愿活动的时间和地点；第二段具体叙述在志愿活动中同学们做的事情；第三段表达感悟。
“were divided into” “gave out” “went all out”这些词组使用恰当，丰富了文章的词汇。“Sharing is caring.”表明自己对志愿工作的感悟。语法正确，语句长短得当，句式多变。
写作一课一法
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Period 2 Section A (3a-3c)
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
词句听写
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3a Read the article. What do Mario and Mary volunteer to do?
Students Who Volunteer
Mario /'mæriəʊ/, /'maːriəʊ/ Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several /'sevrəl/ hours each week to help others. ①
Mario loves animals and wants to be an animal doctor. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
定语从句修饰
先行词Students。
做动物的好朋友，保护
动物，禁止猎杀动物。
温馨提示：此符号表示“考点精讲点拨”链接。
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“It’s hard work,” he says, “but I want to learn more about how to care for animals. ② I get such a strong/strɒŋ/, /strɔːŋ/ feeling/'fiːlɪŋ/ of satisfaction/sætɪs'fækʃn/ when I see the animals get better and the look of joy/dʒɔɪ/ on their owners’/'əʊnə(r)z/ faces. ③ ”
Mary is a book lover. She could read by herself at the age of four. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after- school reading program. ④
作及物动词，意为“产生；获得”。
=when she was four years old
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She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read. “The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey/'dʒɜː(r)ni/ with each new book. ⑤ Volunteering here is a dream come true for me. ⑥ I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.”
what引导的宾语从句，作第一个do的宾语。宾语从句要用陈述语序。
Mario volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. Mary works at an after-school reading program once a week to help kids learn to read.
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3b Read the article again and answer the questions.
1. Why do Mario and Mary volunteer to help others?
Mario volunteers at an animal hospital because he loves animals and wants to be an animal doctor. Mary volunteers at an after-school reading program because she is a book lover and she loves to help kids learn to read.
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2. What do they say about volunteering?
Mario says that it’s hard work, but he gets a strong feeling of satisfaction.
Mary says that it’s a dream come true for her.
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3c Use infinitives to complete the sentences below.
1. Mario would like _________ an animal doctor.
2. Mario works for an animal hospital because he wants _________ about how _________ for animals.
3. Mary decided _________ for a job at an afterschool reading program last year. She still works there now _________ kids learn to read.
4. Mary has a dream job because she can do what she loves ________.
to be
to learn
to care
to try out
to help
to do
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1 Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others.
several /'sevrəl/ pron. 几个；数个；一些
several 可作限定词，修饰可数名词复数，相当于a few。作代词时，可单独使用，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
It was sunny several minutes ago, but it’s raining heavily now!
几分钟前还是晴天，现在却下起了大雨！
Several of the glass windows were broken.有几扇玻璃窗碎了。
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谚语记单词
Several men have several minds. 人多意见杂。
小贴士
several 修饰hundred, thousand, million, billion 等数词时，数词不用复数形式。
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考题1: Our English teacher can speak _________ (数个) languages, such as English and Japanese.
several
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2 ... but I want to learn more about how to care for animals.
(高频)“特殊疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构
此结构常位于know, ask, tell, decide, forget
等动词后作宾语。
I don’t know how to get there.
我不知道怎么去那里。
I forget what to do next. 我忘记接下来做什么了。
“how to care for animals”是“特殊疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构，作介词about 的宾语。
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Which to choose is still a question.
选择哪一个仍然是一个问题。
The problem is how to help the old in this village.
问题是如何帮助这个村庄里的老年人。
作主语
作表语
小贴士
“特殊疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构还可以作主语或表语。
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考题2: —Daddy, the Mid-Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents?
—You can buy some mooncakes, fruit and flowers for them.
A．how to buy B．what to buy
C．where to buy D．when to buy
B
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【点拨】考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构。根据答语You can buy some mooncakes, fruit and flowers for them.”可知，询问要买什么。
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3 I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.
(1)(重点)such /sʌtʃ/ det. 这样的；那样的；类似的
such后接名词，名词前可以加a / an或形容词。such... that... “如此……以至于……”；such as “例如”。
She is such a good teacher that we all love and respect her.她是如此好的一位老师，我们都爱她、尊敬她。
作系动词，意为“变得；变为”。
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Sports World provides up-to-date information about different sports, such as swimming, basketball and football.《体育世界》提供不同运动的最新信息，例如游泳、篮球和足球等。
励志语
Energy and persistence can conquer all things. 精力加毅力可以征服一切。
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辨析：such 与so
such 限定词 such + a/an + 形容词+ 可数名词单数形式
such + 形容词+ 可数名词复数形式/ 不可数名词
so 副词 so + 形容词/ 副词
so + 形容词+ a/an + 可数名词单数形式
so + many/much/few/little + 名词
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速记小法
so，such 的用法：
名前such，形副so；
多多少少（many, much,few, little）也用so；
little 一词特殊记，
“小”用such“少”用so。
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It is such an interesting book. = It is so interesting a book.
它是如此有趣的一本书。
They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more. 这些书如此有趣，我想再读一遍。
The little girl is so clever. 小女孩如此聪明。
There are so many people in the street. 街上有这么多人。
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小贴士
“such + a/an + 形容词+ 可数名词单数形式”可与“so + 形容词+ a/an + 可数名词单数形式”进行互换。
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考题3: 神舟十八号搭载三名航天员于2024 年4 月25 日发射升空。这是如此激动人心的一件事。
The Shenzhou-18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th, 2024. It’s _________ _________ _________ _________.
such an exciting event/
so exciting an event
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(2)strong /strɒŋ/, /strɔːŋ/ adj. 强烈的；强壮的
I had a very strong feeling. 我有种非常强烈的感受。
He is strong enough to lift that rock.
他足够强壮，能举起那块石头。
China is becoming stronger and stronger now.
现在中国正变得越来越强大。
Mother’s love makes her daughter strong.
妈妈的爱让她的女儿坚强。
作定语
作表语
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I’m strong in English, so I think I’d be good at this job.
我擅长英语，因此我认为我能做好这项工作。
strong 的一词多义：
强烈的；浓烈的
强壮的；结实的
强大的
坚强的；坚定的
优秀的；擅长的
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考题4: As volunteers, we get a ___________（强烈的） feeling of happiness by helping stray dogs.
strong
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(3) satisfaction /sætɪs'fækʃn/ n. 满足；满意
The happy news was a satisfaction to us all.
这个令人高兴的消息让我们所有人都感到满意。
To his parents’ satisfaction, he got into a good university.
令他的父母满意的是，他考入了一所好大学。
He smiled with satisfaction when he won the race.
他赢得比赛时满意地笑了。
敲黑板 satisfaction 既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。
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My parents were satisfied with what I did.
父母对我所做的事满意。
Her words satisfied her friends.
她的话语令她的朋友们满意。
be satisfied with... 对……满意
satisfaction 的常见用法：
① to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是
② with satisfaction 满意地
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satisfaction 的词形变化：
satisfied adj. 满意的；满足的
satisfy v. 使满意；使满足
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考题5: Mom smiles in s after she heard that I won the first prize in the singing competition.
atisfaction
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(4) joy /dʒɔɪ/ n. 高兴；愉快
Learning English is my great joy. 学习英语是我极大的乐趣。
To our joy, we won’t have classes the next day.
令我们高兴的是，第二天我们不上课。
拓展：joy 还有“令人高兴的人(或事)；乐事；乐趣”之意。
It was a joy to see her happy look. 看到她幸福的神情真叫人高兴。
joy 既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。
to one’s joy“令某人高兴的是”。
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考题6: [连云港改编] Orange represents ___________（喜悦）. It can cheer you up when you are feeling sad.
joy
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(5) owner /'əʊnə(r)/ n. 物主；主人
The coffee shop owner telephoned the police.
咖啡店老板给警察打了电话。
Who is the owner of the small house by the river?
河边那座小房子的主人是谁？
He wants to own a big company. 他想拥有一家大公司。
……的主人
v. 拥有
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构词法记单词
owner 作名词，由own（v. 拥有）+ -er（名词后缀）构成。-er 或-or 为常用的名词后缀，类似的单词还有：
teach (v. 教) + er →teacher (n. 教师)
act (v. 扮演) + or →actor (n. 男演员)
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考题7: With the help of the police, they found the __________ (own) of the wallet.
owner
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4 Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
try out 参加……选拔；试用
try out 为“动词+ 副词”结构的短语，后接代词宾格时，代词宾格要放在try 与out 之间。常与介词for 连用。
Mary will try out for the main character in the play.
玛丽将参加该剧主角的选拔。
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I’m going to try out the new car. = I’m going to try the new car out. 我将去试一下新车。
I’ll try it out and see if it works. 我来试试看它能否行得通。
Try on clothing and shoes to make sure they fit.
试穿一下衣服和鞋子，确保它们合适。
拓展：try out 还有“试验”之意。
He always tries out new ideas. 他总是试验新想法。
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图解助记
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try 的相关短语还有：
① try one’s best（=do one’s best）
尽某人最大的努力
② try on 试穿
③ try one’s luck 碰运气
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考题8: —My sister is going to ________ for a job in the biggest company in Shanghai.
—Good luck to her.
A．give out B．try out C．cut out D. try on
B
【点拨】用短语辨析法。give out 分发；捐赠；try out 参加……选拔；cut out 删除；try on 试穿。根据“for a job in the biggest company”可知，此处表达到上海最大的公司参加选拔，try out for“参加……选拔”符合。
返回
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5 ... but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book.
journey /'dʒɜː(r)ni/ n. （尤指长途）旅行；行程
辨析：journey 与trip
journey 多指有目的的长途旅行，其距离远近、时间长短、旅行的目的和方式均不限，并不表示要返回出发地。有时也可表示所走的“路程”。
trip 常指时间较短、距离较近的旅行，旅行方式不变，并且意味着旅行结束后还要回到原来的地方。
“go on+a/an+ 名词”结构，意为“举行……；进行……”。
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It’s difficult to estimate how long the journey will take.
很难估计这次旅行要花多长时间。
Did you have a good journey? 你旅行愉快吗？
We did the round trip in two hours. 我们在两小时内完成了往返。
谚语记单词
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 千里之行，始于足下。
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考题9: Learning is a lifelong ______________. You should never stop it.
journey
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6 Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.
(重点)come true 实现
We think the Chinese Dream will come true in the future.
我们认为中国梦在未来将会实现。
Did your plan come true? 你们的计划实现了吗？
句子的主语为Volunteering here，为动名词短语作主语。
动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数。
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拓展：实现某人的梦想还可以用“achieve/realize one’s dream”。
I hope you can achieve your dream.
我希望你能实现你的梦想。
敲黑板
① come true 的主语常常是dream, plan 等表示梦想、计划等的名词,不能是人。②不能说come true one’s dream，而是要表达为one’s dream will come true。
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考题10: I want to be an astronaut and I hope my dream will ____________（实现）in the future.
come true
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$$
Period 5 Section B (2a-2e)
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
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2a How do you usually thank someone who helps you? Discuss this with a partner.
2b Read the letter/'letə(r)/ and answer the questions.
1. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? Why?
2. What did Miss Li do?
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Understanding Parts of Speech
Knowing what part of speech a word is (noun, verb, preposition, etc.) can help you understand the word’s meaning.
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体裁：书信
动词不定式作目的状语。
Dear Miss/mɪs/ Li,
I’d like to thank you for giving money to Animal Helpers. I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled/dɪs'eɪbld/ people like me. ① You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. ② Lucky makes a big difference to my life. ③ Let me tell you my story.
温馨提示：此符号表示“考点精讲点拨”链接。
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介词短语作后置定语。
What would it be like to be blind/blaɪnd/ or deaf /def/? ④ Or imagine/ɪ'mædʒɪn/ you can’t walk or use your hands easily. ⑤ Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties/'dɪfɪkəltɪz/. ⑥ I can’t use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening/əʊpənɪŋ/ and closing doors/dɔːz/, or carrying/kæriɪŋ/ things are difficult for me. ⑦
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Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained/treɪnd/ dog. ⑧ She also thought a dog might cheer me up. I love animals and I was excited/ɪk'saɪtɪd/ about the idea of having a dog. ⑨
After six months of training/'treɪnɪŋ/ with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home. My dog’s name is Lucky— a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. You see, I’m only able to have a “dog helper” because of your kindness/'kaɪndnəs/! ⑩
双重所有格，相当于one of my friends。
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立刻，马上
写作方法：说明与叙述相结合。先说明写这封信的目的，再叙述事情的经过，最后再次表明意图。
Lucky is very clever/'klevə(r)/ and understands/ʌndə(r)'stændz/ many English words. ⑪ He can understand me when I give him orders. For example, I say, “Lucky! Get my book, ” and he does it at once. Lucky is a fantastic dog. I’ll send you a photo of him if you like, and I could show you how he helps me. Thank you again for changing /'tʃeɪndʒɪŋ/ my life. ⑫
Best wishes,
Ben Smith
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2c Look at the list of words below. Circle the part of speech of each word and make your own sentences with these words.
1. group (adj. /n. ) _________________________________
_________________________________
2. disabled (adj. /adv. ) ______________________________
3. difference (adv. /n. ) ______________________________
4. imagine (v. /n. ) __________________________________
__________________________________
We should help disabled people.
A group of kids are playing with
a ball in the street.
There’s no difference in the results.
Close your eyes and imagine you are in
a forest.
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5. difficulties (n. /adj. ) ________________________________
6. normal (adv. /adj. ) _________________________________
7. training (adv. /n. ) __________________________________
8. kindness (n. /v. ) ___________________________________
（答案不唯一）
We have no fear of any difficulties.
The city returned to its normal looks.
You’ll have to go into strict training.
It is a kindness I shall never forget.
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2d Use the information in the letter to make true sentences by matching the different parts.
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
Miss Li can get a letter to Miss Li.
Ben Smith trains money to Animal Helpers.
Lucky sent animals like Lucky.
Animal wrote things for
Helpers disabled people.
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2e Discuss the questions with a partner.
1. In what other ways do you think dogs are able to help people?
2. What other animals can we train to help people?
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1 I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.
(1) set up 建起；设立
辨析：set up 与build
set up “建起；设立” 后常接某一组织、机构、团体等。
build “建造；建筑” 后接建筑物。
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一语辨异
They set up an organization to help the poor build houses.
他们设立了一个组织来帮助穷人建造房子。
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考题1: [荆州] 几年前，成立这个小组是为了保护濒危野生动物。
(set up)
A few years ago, this group _____________________ to protect endangered wild animals.
was set up
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(2) disabled /dɪs'eɪbld/ adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的
disabled 既可作定语也可作表语。disable（v. 使残疾；使失去能力）；disability（n. 残疾；障碍）。
Many disabled workers are working in this factory.
许多残疾工人在这家工厂工作。（作定语）
Although he was disabled, he made great achievements.
虽然他是残疾的，但他取得了伟大的成就。（作表语）
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The accident disabled him from playing basketball again.
那次事故使他不能再打篮球了。
His physical disability does not prevent him from pursuing his dreams. 他的身体残疾并没有阻止他追求他的梦想。
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构词法记单词
一些词加否定前缀dis-可构成它的反义词：
appear → disappear
advantage →disadvantage
agree → disagree
honest → dishonest
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考题2: [广州市越秀区执信中学期中] We should offer to help the elderly and d people who may have difficulty walking.
isabled
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2 You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.
make it + adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)使做某事……
They will put more effort into AI guide dogs and make them available to people in need. 他们将在人工智能导盲犬上投入更多努力，让有需要的人可以使用它们。
He found it very interesting to visit Harbin in winter.
他发现冬天去哈尔滨旅游很有趣。
We think it useful to read aloud. 我们认为大声朗读有用。
形式宾语
形容词作宾语补足语
真正的宾语
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其他常见的类似结构：
find it + adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事是……
think it + adj. + to do sth. 认为做某事是……
谚语
Choose the good and follow it. Change the bad.
择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。
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考题3: Mr. Black 使我们能够在他的课堂上通过有趣的方式轻松地学习物理。
Mr. Black makes _________ _________ for us to learn physics easily and in an interesting way in his class.
it possible
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3 Lucky makes a big difference to my life.
make a difference to 影响；有作用
My parents’ words make a big difference to me.
我父母的话对我影响很大。
Small things can also make a great difference to your life.
小事情也能对你的生活产生大的影响。
Luckily, the cold air made no difference to the plants.
幸运的是，冷空气对植物没有影响。
make no difference
to...“对……
没有影响”。
敲黑板 to为介词。
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敲黑板
make a difference 中difference 前可以加big, great等词来修饰。
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考题4: [连云港改编] 每天坚持锻炼会对我们的健康产生影响。
Keeping exercise every day will _______ _______ ___________ to our health.
make a difference
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4 What would it be like to be blind or deaf?
blind /blaɪnd/ adj. 瞎的；失明的
He is blind in the left eye. 他左眼看不见。
He helped the blind girl find the bank.
他帮助盲人女孩找到了银行。
She was blind to the realities of her position.
她对自己处境的真实情况视而不见。
作表语
敲黑板
blind 既可作定语也可作表语，其主语是人。
作定语
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Jim often turns a blind eye to those who need help in class.
吉姆经常对那些在课堂上需要帮助的人佯装不见。
It’s our duty to help the blind. 帮助盲人是我们的义务。
“盲人”，the + 形容词，指一类人。
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blind 的常见用法：
① be blind in the left/right eye 左/右眼看不见
② be blind to sth. 对某事视而不见
③ turn a blind eye to sth. 对某事佯装不见
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考题5: She is b because of an illness. She can’t see anything, but she always tries her best to do everything as normal people do.
lind
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5 Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily.
(重点)imagine /ɪ'mædʒɪn/ v. 想象；设想
Can you imagine your future? 你能想象一下你的未来吗？
Imagine going on vacation to space! 想象一下去太空度假!
I can’t imagine what he looks like. 我想象不出他是什么长相。
拓展：imagine的名词形式为imagination，意为 “想象力；想象”。
Technology gives workers the chance to use their imagination.
科技给了工人们运用他们的想象力的机会。
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imagine 的常见用法：
① imagine+ 名词/ 代词
想象……
② imagine (sb.) doing sth.
想象（某人）做某事
③ imagine + 从句
想象……
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考题6: [无锡] I couldn’t _______ what else he has to say. Everyone knows that’s a lie.
A．suppose B．imagine C．realize D． consider
B
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推断
想象
意识到
考虑
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6 Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties.
(高频)difficulty /'dɪfɪkəlti/ n. 困难；难题
The girl has difficulties with math.
这个女孩在数学方面有困难。
As a foreigner, he has difficulty speaking Chinese.
作为一名外国人，他说汉语有困难。
敲黑板 difficulty既可作
可数名词也可作不可数名词。
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He finished the work without any difficulty.
他轻而易举地完成了这项工作。
The city’s film industry is in difficulty.该市的电影业举步维艰
拓展：difficulty 的形容词形式为difficult，意为“困难的；难解的”。
It’s difficult for them to get here early before seven.
他们很难在七点以前早早地来到这里。
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difficulty 的常用词组：
① have difficulties with sth. 在某事上有困难
② have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
③ without difficulty 容易地；毫不费力地
④ with difficulty 困难地
⑤ in difficulty 处境困难
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考题7: [无锡] —Lily, I have difficulty _________ (read) comic strips in English.
—Don’t worry. Let’s read some together.
reading
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【点拨】用固定搭配法。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事有困难”。
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7 ...opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me.
(1) open /'əʊpən/ v. 开；打开
Can you help me to open the car door?
你能帮我打开车门吗？
Please turn on the computer. I will work on it.
请打开电脑。我要在电脑上工作。
反义词为close，
意为“关闭”。
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辨析：open 与turn on
open 指把合着或闭着的东西打开，如门、窗、盒子、书本等。
turn on 指打开或接通开关，如煤气、水龙头、电器等。
一语辨异
He opened the door and turned on the light.
他打开了门，开了灯。
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拓展：open 还可作形容词，用法如下：
open
开（着）的；张开的（反义词closed）
A wasp flew in the open window.一只黄蜂飞进了开着的窗子。
开门的；营业中的 （反义词closed）
The market is open from 5:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.
市场从早上五点开到晚上十点。
Look! The bookstore is open now.看！现在书店在营业中。
开放的；思想开明的
We must face difficulties with an open mind.
我们必须以开放的心态面对困难。
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谚语
What is gained by a lie will burn one’s fingers.
谎言得不偿失。
考题8: The two museums are both o to the public from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
pen
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(2) carry /'kæri/ v. 拿；提；扛
辨析：carry，take，bring 与get
carry “拿；扛；提” 没有方向性，具有负重的含义，表示搬运、携带。
take “拿走；带走” 指把人或物从说话者所在的地方带到别处。（有方向性）
bring “拿来；带来” 指把人或物从别的地方带到说话者所在的地方。（有方向性）
get “去取；去拿；得到” 指到某地去把某人或某物带来/ 拿来。（表示来回）
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Look! An old lady is carrying a big box.
看！一位老太太正提着一个大箱子。
I never carry much money on me. 我身上从不带很多钱。
Please take these things to your room.
请把这些东西带到你的房间。
Can you bring me some fruit? 你能给我带一些水果来吗？
I’m sorry I can’t get books for you. 对不起，我不能去给你拿书。
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图解助记
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考题9: —Could you please help me to c this box?
—With pleasure. I’m more than happy to do it.
arry
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8 She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog.
train /treɪn/ v. 训练；培训
He trained his pet dog to climb trees. 他训练他的宠物狗爬树。
We train waiters in customer service skills.
我们培训服务员客户服务技能。
I’m afraid you need lots of training. 恐怕你需要大量的训练。
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拓展：train 还可作名词，意为“火车”。
On the 12306 phone app, if a train has a quiet car, you will find a “quiet” sign. 在12306 手机应用程序上，如果火车上有安静车厢，你会发现一个“安静”的标志。
train 的常用搭配：
① train sb./sth. to do sth.训练某人/某物去做某事
② train sb. in sth. 在某方面训练某人
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train 的相关词：
training n. 训练；培训
trainer n. 教练员
一语辨异:
The trainer is responsible for providing high quality training to the participants. 这位训练师负责为参与者提供高质量的训练。
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考题10: The players of the school football team spend two hours in ___________ （训练）every Friday.
training
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9 I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
(高频)excited /ɪk'saɪtɪd/ adj. 激动的；兴奋的
All of us were excited about the result.
我们都对这个结果感到激动。
She was excited to learn the news.
她得知这消息很兴奋。
What an exciting film it is!
它是多么令人兴奋的一部电影啊！
excited 的常用搭配：
① be excited about...
对……感到兴奋
② be excited to do sth.
对做某事感到很兴奋
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辨析：exciting 与excited
excited “激动的；兴奋的”，常作表语，主语一般是人。
exciting “使人激动的；令人兴奋的”，常作定语或表语。作表语时，主语一般是物。
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拓展： excited 的相关词形：
excite
excite v. 使兴奋；使激动
The news excited me very much.
这则消息让我很兴奋。
excitement n. 兴奋
The news caused great excitement among her friends.
这消息使她的朋友们兴奋不已。
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考题11: —Hi, you look _______. Why are you so happy today?
—Can you believe it? I have just met Miss Zhou, my first teacher!
A．excited B．exciting C．excite
A
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10 You see, I’m only able to have a “dog helper” because of your kindness!
(1) be able to do sth. 能够做某事
Practice memorizing articles, and you will be able to say complete sentences. 练习记忆文章你就能说出完整的句子。
Sometimes we can guess the meaning of the new word in the sentence. 有时我们可以猜出句子中生词的意思。
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辨析：be able to 与can
be able to 有人称和数的变化，用于各种时态。后接动词原形。
can 没有人称和数的变化，一般用于一般现在时。
一语辨异
I can swim and I hope I will be able to drive in the future. 我会游泳，我希望将来我能够开车。
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考题12: 未来人类将能在火星上居住。
People _____________________ live on Mars in the future.
will be able to
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(2) kindness /'kaɪndnəs/ n. 仁慈；善良
He leaves the house to his sister in return for her kindness.
他把房子留给他的姐姐以报答她的善良。
It is a kindness I shall never forget.
这是我永远不会忘记的善行。
敲黑板
强调具体举动时为可数名词；笼统指“仁慈；善良”时为不可数名词。
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构词法记单词
kindness 是由“形容词kind +-ness（名词后缀）”构成。有些形容词加后缀-ness 可以构成名词表示性质、状态或特点。类似的词有：ill ness（疾病）；shyness（害羞）；sadness（伤心）；happiness（幸福；快乐）；loneliness（孤独）等。
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考题13: [成都] In Beijing, people’s act of k makes me feel warm even in the place far from home.
indness
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11 Lucky is very clever and understands many English words.
(1) clever /'klevə(r)/ adj. 聪明的；聪颖的
Tom is a clever boy.
汤姆是一个聪明的男孩。（作定语）
The little girl is so clever that everyone likes her.
这个小女孩如此聪明，人人都喜欢她。（作表语）
clever 既可作定语也可作表语，其比较级为cleverer或more clever；最高级为cleverest 或most clever。
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考题14: —No one could answer the teacher’s question except Linda.
—Oh, she is really _______!
A．strong B．outgoing C．clever D. weak
C
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(2) understand / ʌndə(r)'stænd/ v. 理解；领会
He did not understand the importance of this question.
他不理解这个问题的重要性。
I don’t understand what you’re talking about.
我不明白你在说什么。
I’m not sure that I understand. 我不确信我搞懂了。
作及物动词
作不及物动词
understand 作及物动词时，后接名词、代词或宾语从句；也可作不及物动词。其过去式、过去分词均为understood。
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拓展：understanding n. 理解；了解
adj. 善解人意的；体谅人的
My understanding was that he would like to find a new supplier.
我的理解是他想找一个新的供应商。
Because she is understanding, people around her believe in her.
因为她善解人意，周围的人都相信她。
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考题15: I couldn’t ____________（理解）what my father said at that time.
understand
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12 Thank you again for changing my life.
change /tʃeɪndʒ/ v. & n. 变化；改变
Nothing will make me change my mind.
没有什么能让我改变主意。
She has now changed into a happy, self-confident woman.
她现在已经变成了一个快乐、自信的女人。
Great changes have taken place in our country.
我们国家已经发生了很大的变化。
作及物动词
作不及物动词
作名词
敲黑板
change作动词可以是及物动词，也可以是不及物动词；作名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。
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拓展：change 还可作不可数名词，意为“零钱”。
Don’t forget your change! 别忘了找给你的零钱！
change 的常见短语：
① change one’s mind 改变主意
② change the world 改变世界
③ change into 变成
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谚语记单词
A mother’s love never changes. 母爱永恒。
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考题16: [重庆A 卷] It may be time to wake up and __________（改变） the way we think.
change
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$$
Period 1 Section A (1a-2d)
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks
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help kids with their homework; help old people cross the road; babysit for the neighbors; pick up rubbish in the park
1a Look at the ways you could help people in the picture. Then list other ways.
教材原图
—I hope to work outside.
—You could help to clean up the city parks. ①
Other ways you could help people _______________
温馨提示：此符号表示“考点精讲点拨”链接。
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1b Listen and number the ways the boy and girl could help others.
______ The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer/tʃɪə/, /tʃɪr/ them up. ②
______ The boy could give out food at the food bank. ③
______ The girl could volunteer/vɒlən'tɪə/, /vɑːlən'tɪr/ in an after -school study program to teach kids. ④
______ The boy could help to clean up the city parks.
1
2
3
4
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1c Practice the conversation in the picture above. Then make other conversations using the information in 1b.
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2a A group of students are planning a City Park Clean-Up Day. Listen and check (√) the things they are going to do to tell people about it.
a□ b □ c □ d □ e □
√
√
√
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come up with
put
off
put up
2b Listen again. Fill in the blanks.
1. We need to _______ _______ _______ a plan to tell people about the city park cleanup. ⑤
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. We can’t _______ _______ making a plan. ⑥
3. We could _______ _______ signs/saɪnz/. ⑦
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4. Let’s make some notices/'nəʊtɪsɪz/, too. ⑧ Then I’ll _______ them _______ after school.
5. We could each _______ _______ 10 students and ask them to come. ⑨
hand out
call up
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2c Make a conversation using the information in 2a and 2b.
A: We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day.
B: Let’s have lunch first.
A: No, we need to start now. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.
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2d Role-play the conversation.
Helen: Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people’s home this summer.
Tom: Really? I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to help out with?
Tom: Mm...things like reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to them. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
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Helen: That sounds interesting.
Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely /'ləʊnli/. ⑩ We should listen to them and care for them. ⑪
Helen: You’re right. I mean, we’re all going to be old one day, too.
one day 可用于一般将来时，
也可用于一般过去时。
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1 You could help to clean up the city parks.
(重点)clean up 打扫（或清除）干净
Could you please help me clean up the classroom? = Could you please help me clean the classroom up?
请你帮助我把教室打扫干净好吗？
Your room is in a mess. Please clean it up.
你的房间一团糟。请把它打扫干净。
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拓展：clean-up 作名词，意为“打扫；清除”。
We are making some notices for Clean-Up Day.
我们正在为清洁日做一些通知。
特别提醒
clean up 为“动词+ 副词”结构的动词短语，后接名词时，名词放在中间或后面均可；后接代词作宾语时，代词要放在中间。
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考题1: Tina can ________ her bedroom by herself. She doesn’t need her parents’ help.
A．get up B．clean up C．cut up
B
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温馨提示：可返回原文
【点拨】用短语辨析法。get up起床；clean up 打扫干净；cut up 切碎。根据“her bedroom”可知，此处指打扫干净她的卧室。
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2 The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
(高频)cheer up（使）变得更高兴；（使）振奋起来
Neither wealth nor power can cheer the unhappy king up.
财富和权力都不能使不开心的国王振作起来。
Come over and cheer us up. 过来给我们打打气。
Cheer up! Don’t be sad. 振作起来！不要伤心。
cheer up为动副结构短语，后接代词宾格时，代词宾格要放在中间；cheer up 也可以单独用于情景交际中，用于鼓励对方。
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拓展：(1)cheer 作动词讲时，意为“(为……)欢呼/喝彩/加油”。
Let’s go to watch the football game and cheer for our favourite team.咱们去看足球比赛，为我们最喜爱的球队喝彩。
She did her best to cheer him on when he wanted to give up.
当他想放弃时，她尽全力为他加油。
(2)作可数名词时，意为“欢呼声；喝彩声”。
The audience gave a great cheer when he scored.
当他得分的时候，观众给予了热烈的欢呼声。
cheer on
为……加油
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图解助记
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考题2: Liu Mei often works as a volunteer to _______________ the sick people in the hospital.（使振作起来）
cheer up
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3 The boy could give out food at the food bank.
give out 分发；散发
Can you help me to give out/hand out these books?
你能帮助我分发这些书吗？
My grandpa decided to give up smoking for his health.
我爷爷为了他的健康决定戒烟。
相当于hand out
敲黑板
“动词+ 副词”结构的短语。
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拓展：give out 的其他用法：
发出（光、热、声音等）
He gave out a scream of pain. 他疼得大叫了一声。
公布；宣布（消息等）
He wouldn’t give out any information. 他不愿透露任何消息。
用完；耗尽
After two hours , her patience gave out.
两个小时后，她的耐心耗尽了。
give out
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图解助记
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考题3: 所有孩子都在这儿。咱们分发苹果吧。
All the children are here. Let’s ________ ________ the apples.
give out
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4 The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.
volunteer /vɒlən'tɪə/, /vɑːlən'tɪr/ v. 义务做；自愿做 n. 志愿者
It is a good experience to volunteer with them.
和他们一起做志愿活动是一次很好的体验。
What a meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park.多么有意义的一天啊！我们自愿打扫了我们的城市公园。
I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer.
我写信申请成为一名志愿者。
vi.
volunteer to do sth.
自愿做某事
作名词，意为“志愿者”。
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名言记单词
Love is the best stage for volunteers, and dedication is the most beautiful language of volunteers. 爱心是志愿者最好的舞台，奉献是志愿者最美的语言。
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考题4: I am going to v to clean up the old people’s home with my classmates this weekend.
olunteer
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5 We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.
come up with 想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）
In order to sell more products, we need to come up with more creative ideas. 为了销售更多的产品，我们需要想出更有创造性的主意。
It was a great idea, but I didn’t come up with it by myself.
这个主意非常好，可不是我一个人想出来的。
The book comes out this week. 这本书本周出版。
后接名词或代词，相当于think up。
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由come 构成的短语还有：
① come into 进入……里面
② come over 过来
③ come back 回来
④ come from 来自……
⑤ come in 进来
⑥ come out 出来；出版；发行
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考题5: [扬州] 那个女孩非常有创造力，总能想出新主意。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
The girl is very creative and can always come up with
new ideas.
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6 We can’t put off making a plan.
(高频)put off 推迟
We have had to put off the match until September.
我们不得不把比赛推迟到九月份。
Please don’t put off doing your homework.
请不要推迟做你的作业。
People will put up the Spring Festival couplets on the door during the Spring Festival. 春节期间，人们会在门上张贴春节对联。
敲黑板 “动词+ 副词”结构的短语。
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由put 构成的短语还有：
① put down 放下；记下
② put out 熄灭
③ put away 把……收起来
④ put on 穿上
⑤ put up 张贴；建造
⑥ put back 把……放回原处
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谚语
Read ten thousand books and travel ten thousand miles.
读万卷书，行万里路。
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考题6: 由于昨天突然下大雨，学校运动会被推迟了。
The school sports meeting was _________ _________ because of the sudden heavy rain yesterday.
put off
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7 We could put up signs.
sign /saɪn/ n. 标志；信号
Look at the sign. It says, “No smoking”.
看这块告示牌。上面写着“禁止吸烟”。
拓展：sign 的其他词义：
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n. 手势；示意的动作
He gave a thumbs-up sign. 他竖起了大拇指。
n. 迹象；征兆
Headaches may be a sign of stress.头痛可能是紧张的迹象。
v. 签（名）；签字
Sign your name here, please. 请在这里签名。
v. 示意；打手势
The teacher signed to me to enter. 老师示意我进来。
sign
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考题7: —Could I smoke here?
—Sorry. I am afraid you can’t. Look at the _______ “No smoking”.
A．subject B．opinion C．sign D．spirit
C
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【点拨】用词义辨析法。subject科目；opinion 观点；sign 标志；spirit 精神。根据“Look at the...‘No smoking’.”可知，此处表示“禁止吸烟”的标志。
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8 Let’s make some notices, too.
notice /'nəʊtɪs/ n. 通知；通告；注意 v. 注意到；意识到
①notice 作名词“通知；通告”时为可数名词，作“注意”时为不可数名词。
Please help me give out the notices. 请帮助我宣布通知。
It was Susan who brought the problem to our notice.
是苏珊让我们注意到那个问题的。
敲黑板 不能说notice sb. to do sth.
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notice 作动词时的常用结构：
① notice sb. do sth.
注意到某人做了某事（活动的整个过程）
② notice sb. doing sth.
注意到某人正在做某事
③ notice + 宾语从句
注意到……
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② notice 还可作动词，意为“注意到；意识到”。
I noticed him go into the room. 我注意到他进了房间。
When I came in, I noticed her crying in the corner.
当我进来时，我注意到她在角落里哭。
Luckily, I noticed where you left the car.
幸好，我注意到了你把车停在哪里了。
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考题8: —Where can I park my car?
—Look! The ___________（布告）on the wall says where and when to park as well as how to pay for it.
notice
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9 We could each call up 10 students...
call up 打电话给（某人）；征召
Please call me up this evening.
今晚请给我打电话。
We need to call up ten volunteers to clean the park.
我们需要征召十名志愿者来打扫公园。
敲黑板
动副结构短语
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call 构成的常见短语：
① call for 要求；去接（某人）
② call on sb. (短暂) 拜访某人
③ call back 回电话
④ call in 召来；叫来
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考题9: 如果你遇到任何困难，记得给我打电话。
If you meet any problems, please remember to _________ me _________.
call
up
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10 Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.
(重点)lonely /'ləʊnli/ adj. 孤独的；寂寞的
The lonely student wanted to make friends.
这名孤独的学生想交朋友。（作定语）
No one played with him. He felt very lonely.
没有人和他玩。他感到很孤独。（作表语）
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小贴士
lonely 还有“偏僻的；人迹罕至的”之意。
e.g. Living on a lonely island can be very lonely.
生活在一个偏僻的岛上会很孤独。
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考题10: [鞍山] Alice felt _______ in her new school, so she joined some clubs to make new friends.
A．sleepy B．lonely C．interested D．excited
B
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【点拨】用词义辨析法。sleepy疲惫的；lonely 孤独的；interested 感兴趣的；excited激动的。根据句意可知结交新朋友是因为她感到孤独。
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11 We should listen to them and care for them.
care for 照顾；非常喜欢
We should care for the old and the children.
我们应该照顾老人与小孩。
He cares for nature in the raw.
他非常喜欢原始的大自然。
敲黑板
“动词+ 介词”结构的动词短语，后接名词或代词宾格。
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表示“照顾”的短语：
care for
look after
take care of
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考题11: It’s important for teenagers to learn some life skills to ____________ themselves.（照顾）
care for/
look after/take care of
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Period 4 Section B (1a-1e)
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
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1a Match the sentences with similar meanings.
b 1. I’ve run out of it.
_____ 2. I take after my mother. ①
_____ 3. I fixed/fɪkst/ it up. ②
_____ 4. I gave it away. ③
a. I repaired/rɪ'peə/, /rɪ'per/ it. ④
b. I don’t have any more of it.
c. I’m similar to her.
d. I didn’t keep it.
c
a
d
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1b Match the phrasal verbs with the nouns. Then make sentences with the phrases.
run out of my bike
take after money
fix up my father
give away old clothes
I gave away my bike to a children’s home.
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I have run out of money.
I take after my father.
I fixed up my bike.
I gave away my old clothes to the children in poor areas.
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1c Listen and number the pictures [1-4] in the correct order.
a _________ b _________
c _________ d _________
1
2
3
4
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1d Listen again. Circle T for true or F for false.
1. Jimmy/dʒɪmi/ fixes up broken/'brəʊkən/ bicycle parts, like wheels /wiːlz/. ⑤ T F
2. Jimmy sells bikes. T F
3. Jimmy takes after his mother. T F
4. Jimmy has run out of money. T F
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1e Role-play a conversation between Jimmy and the reporter. Use the information in 1c and 1d.
A: What do you do, Jimmy?
B: I fix up...
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1 I take after my mother.
take after （外貌或行为）像
辨析：take after 与 look like
take after 指由于血缘关系而在相貌、性格等方面相似。
look like 指在外表上相似，可指人也可指物。
特别提醒
take after 是“动词+ 介词”结构的短语，名词或代词作宾语都要放在after的后面。
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Tom takes after his mother.
汤姆像他妈妈。
Whales have the smooth shape, and their tails look like hearts.
鲸鱼的身体形状流畅，它们的尾巴看起来像颗心。
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考题1: [荆州] —Jimmy, the bikes you gave away to the poor kids help them a lot. What gave you the idea?
—I guess I ______ my father. He always volunteers to help people.
A. take after B. look after C. talk back D. turn down
A
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【点拨】用短语辨析法。take after 像；look after 照顾；talk back 顶嘴；turn down 调低。根据句意可知，应该是“像我的父亲”。
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2 I fixed it up.
fix up 修理；装饰
Don’t worry. I’ll fix up your broken computer.
= Don’t worry. I’ll fix your broken computer up.
不用担心。我会修好你的坏电脑。
My watch is broken. I’ll fix it up.
我的手表坏了。我将修理它。
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特别提醒
fix up 为“动词+ 副词”结构的短语，后接名词时，名词放在up 前后均可；后接代词宾格时，代词宾格要放在up 之前。
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考题2: —Tim, what were you doing when I called you?
—I was ______ the bicycle with my sister.
A．cutting up B．making up
C．picking up D．fixing up
D
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【点拨】用短语辨析法。cut up切碎；make up 编造；pick up 捡起；fix up 修理。结合“bicycle”可知，此处指修理自行车。
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3 I gave it away.
give away 赠送；捐赠
The old man has many books. He wants to give them away.
这位老人有许多书。他想把它们捐赠出去。
Mr. Wang often gives away food and clothes to the poor.
王先生经常赠送食物和衣服给穷人。
give away为“动词+副词”结构的短语。 理自行车。表达“赠送给……”用give away to。
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与away 相关的其他常见短语：
get away 逃离
throw away 扔掉
take away 带走
put away 把……收起来
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考题3: —Mum, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes?
—Oh, they are still in good condition. Let’s _________ to people in need.
A．give them away B．wash them away
C．throw them away D．keep them away
A
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4 I repaired it.
repair /rɪ'peə/, /rɪ'per/ v. 修理；修补
You’d better talk with him and repair relations with him.
你最好和他谈谈，和他重修旧好。
Could you please help me repair the computer?
请你帮我修理一下电脑好吗？
My father used to mend our shoes.
我的父亲过去常常修补我们的鞋子。
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Please fix a lid on the box. 请给这个盒子装上盖子。
Many of the buildings are in need of repair.许多建筑需要整修。
辨析：repair, mend与fix
repair 指将物品恢复原状或者原来的功能，所修理的对象范围较广。
mend 指将损坏的东西恢复原状，所修理的对象一般为较小的物品。
fix 强调重新调整物品的结构，如将松散的部件进行固定装配，有时可与repair互换。
作名词，“修理；修补”。
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考题4: 第二组试着修理破损的东西，而第三组则仔细清洁长凳。
Group 2 tried to _________ the broken things while Group 3
cleaned the benches carefully.
repair
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5 Jimmy fixes up broken bicycle parts, like wheels.
broken /'brəʊkən/ adj. 破损的；残缺的
We can reuse the broken windows.
我们可以重新用破损的窗玻璃。
The bridge is broken in the middle, and part of it is carried away.
桥的中间断了，一部分被运走了。
作定语
作表语
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拓展：其动词形式为break，意为“（使）破、裂”。过去式为broke，过去分词为broken。
No one knows who broke the window.
没有人知道是谁打破了窗玻璃。
broken 是由动词break 变化而来的，在句子中是形容词，
意为“破损的；残缺的”，可作表语或定语。
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考题5: [宜宾] It is reported that a blind man has made a living by repairing b bikes for 30 years.
roken
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