Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点词汇听写+阅读练习(一）disaster-tornado-drought-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

重点词汇敏感性优化训练 下表词汇-全班高考卷面熟词率_______%，请按要求完成速记练习和语境阅读训练。 一、重点词汇 快速浏览下表词汇，对照音标发声拼读，不必追求马上记住、记牢。 1. disaster 美[dɪˈzæstər] 2. tornado 美[tɔˈneɪdoʊ] n. 灾难 n. 龙卷风 3. drought 美[draʊt] 4. landslide 美[ˈlændˌslaɪd] n. 干旱 n. 山崩;滑坡 5. slide 美[slaɪd] 6. flood 美[flʌd] n.v. 滑动;幻灯片 n.v. 洪水;泛滥 7. eruption 美[ɪˈrʌpʃən] 8. rescue 美[ˈrɛskju] n. 爆发，喷发 n.v. 营救，救援 9. damage 美[ˈdæmɪdʒ] 10. destroy 美[dɪˈstrɔɪ] n.v. 损害，破坏 v. 毁灭，破坏 11. evacuate 美[ɪˈvækjueɪt] 12. helicopter 美[ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər] v. 撤离，疏散 n. 直升机 13. death 美[dɛθ] 14. affect 美[əˈfɛkt] n. 死亡 v. 影响 15. shelter 美[ˈʃɛltər] n.v. 避难所;提供庇护，遮蔽 二、单词抄写 对照词义，按顺序抄写单词，抄写时应出声拼读单词以增加语感。本练习是抄写而非默写，遇到障碍应及时查阅重点词汇表，以免浪费时间。 1. 直升机 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. 撤离，疏散 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. 滑动;幻灯片 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 4. 损害，破坏 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 5. 营救，救援 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 6. 影响 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 7. 避难所;提供庇护，遮蔽 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 8. 死亡 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 9. 爆发，喷发 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 10. 毁灭，破坏 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 11. 洪水;泛滥 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 12. 灾难 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 13. 山崩;滑坡 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 14. 龙卷风 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 1 15. 干旱 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 16. 直升机 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 17. 撤离，疏散 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 18. 滑动;幻灯片 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 19. 损害，破坏 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 20. 营救，救援 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 21. 影响 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 22. 避难所;提供庇护，遮蔽 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 23. 死亡 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 24. 爆发，喷发 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 25. 毁灭，破坏 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 26. 洪水;泛滥 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 27. 灾难 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 28. 山崩;滑坡 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 29. 龙卷风 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 30. 干旱 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 31. 直升机 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 32. 撤离，疏散 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 33. 滑动;幻灯片 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 34. 损害，破坏 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 35. 营救，救援 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 36. 影响 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 37. 避难所;提供庇护，遮蔽 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 38. 死亡 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 39. 爆发，喷发 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 40. 毁灭，破坏 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 41. 洪水;泛滥 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 42. 灾难 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 43. 山崩;滑坡 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 44. 龙卷风 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 45. 干旱 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 46. 直升机 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 47. 撤离，疏散 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 48. 滑动;幻灯片 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 49. 损害，破坏 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 50. 营救，救援 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 51. 影响 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 52. 避难所;提供庇护，遮蔽 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 53. 死亡 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 54. 爆发，喷发 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 55. 毁灭，破坏 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 56. 洪水;泛滥 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 57. 灾难 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 58. 山崩;滑坡 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 59. 龙卷风 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 60. 干旱 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2 三、文本敏感性训练 以下文章围绕本次重点词汇编写，目的在于提升语境中对这些词的敏感性。请在认真阅读文本的同 时，尽量提升阅读速度。阅读时切忌采用跳读、略读等“技巧”，更不要先看问题再找答案。做题的目 的是检验和保持阅读质量，而不要将阅读视作做题的负担。 Passage 1：全题共 386 词，建议用时463秒，实际用时________秒。 Once upon a time in a small village in Asia, the people faced many natural disasters. One year, a severedroughtmade water very scarce. The farmers were worried because their crops could not grow without water. The next year, a terriblefloodfollowed. It destroyed many homes and made many people homeless. After theflood, alandslideblocked the only road to the village, making it difficult for help to reach them. The villagers knew they had to work together to overcome these challenges. They built shelters on higher ground to protect themselves from floods. They also created a system to collect rainwater during the rainy season to use during droughts. When thelandslide occurred, they used tools to clear the road themselves, as they could not wait for outside help. One day, atornadowarning was issued. The villagers quickly moved to the shelters they had built. Thanks to their preparations, no one was hurt during thetornado. The village leader said, "We have learned that by working together, we can survive anydisaster. We must always be prepared and never lose hope." After thetornado, the village received help from ahelicopterthat brought food, water, and medical supplies. The villagers were grateful for therescueand knew that their efforts to protect their village had paid off. They understood that disasters couldaffectthem at any time, but by being prepared and working together, they could face any challenge. Questions: 1. What did the villagers do to protect themselves from floods? A. They moved to another village. B. They built shelters on higher ground. C. They waited for outside help. D. They ignored the warnings. 2. How did the villagers get help after thelandslide? A. They used ahelicopter. B. They cleared the road themselves. C. They waited for someone torescuethem. D. They did nothing. 3. What lesson did the villagers learn from their experiences with natural disasters? A. To leave the village. B. That they should not trust each other. C. To always be prepared and work together. D. That disasters are not serious. 4. What helped the villagers survive thetornadowithout any injuries? A. The early warning system. B. Their decision to ignore the warning. C. The shelters they built. D. Outside help arriving in time. Passage 2：全题共 298 词，建议用时357秒，实际用时________秒。 3 In a small village in Asia, people lived a peaceful life. They had farms, houses, and a school. But one year, everything changed. Adisasterstruck. First, there was adrought. The land became dry, and the farmers could not grow food. Then, atornadocame and destroyed many homes. After thetornado, afloodcovered the whole village because of heavy rain. Many houses were damaged, and people became homeless. The village also faced a landslidethat blocked the road. But there was noeruption, which was a small relief. The villagers needed toevacuateto a safer place. Helicopters came torescuethem. They were taken to ashelterwhere they could live until their village was safe again. Thedisaster affected everyone in the village. Many lost their homes, and some even lost family members. Thedeathof loved ones made the villagers very sad. But in these hard times, the people of the village stayed strong. They helped each other and shared what little they had. They knew that together they could rebuild their homes and lives. Thedisastertaught them to be stronger and to always help each other. 1. What was the firstdisasterthat struck the village? A) Tornado B) Drought C) Flood D) Landslide 2. How did the villagers leave their homes? A) By bus B) On foot C) Byhelicopter D) By boat 3. What did the villagers do to overcome their problems? A) They waited for help. B) They left the village forever. C) They helped each other. D) They ignored thedamage. 4. What lesson did the villagers learn from thedisaster? A) To move to another place B) To be afraid of nature C) To be stronger and help each other D) To build stronger houses 四、参考答案 Passage 1： 1. B 选择题答案理由 答案是B，因为文中提到村民们在高地上建造了避难所来保护自己免受洪水的侵袭。 2. B 理由 答案是B，文中说明了在发生山体滑坡后，村民们自己使用工具清理道路，因为他们不能等待外部的帮助。 3. C 理由 答案是C，村民们从自然灾害的经历中学到的教训是，他们必须始终做好准备并且团结合作。 4. C 理由 答案是C，文中提到，由于村民们及时移动到了他们所建的避难所，所以在龙卷风来袭时没有人受伤，说明是他们之前的准备帮助他们安全度过了龙卷风。 参考译文 1 从前，在亚洲的一个小村庄里，人们面临着许多自然灾害。一年，严重的干旱使得水变得非常稀缺。农民们很担心，因为没有水他们的庄稼就无法生长。第二年，紧接着发生了一场可怕的洪水。它摧毁了许多房屋，使许多人无家可归。洪水过后，一场山体滑坡堵塞了通往村庄的唯一道路，使得外界的帮助难以到达。 4 村民们知道他们必须团结一致来克服这些挑战。他们在较高的地方建造了避难所，以保护自己免受洪水侵袭。他们还创造了一个系统，在雨季收集雨水，以便在干旱期间使用。当山体滑坡发生时，他们使用工具自己清理道路，因为他们不能等待外界的帮助。 有一天，发布了龙卷风警告。村民们迅速移动到他们所建的避难所。由于他们的准备工作，龙卷风期间没有人受伤。村庄的领导者说：“我们已经学到，通过团结合作，我们可以生存下来任何灾难。我们必须始终做好准备，永不失去希望。” 龙卷风过后，村庄收到了一架直升机带来的食物、水和医疗用品的帮助。村民们对这次救援感激不尽，并且知道他们保护村庄的努力已经得到了回报。他们明白，灾难可以随时影响他们，但通过做好准备和团结合作，他们可以面对任何挑战。 Passage 2： 1. B 选择题答案理由 文章提到，首先发生的是干旱（drought），导致土地变干，农民无法种植食物。 2. C 理由 文章中提到，直升机（helicopters）来救援他们，说明村民是通过直升机离开他们的家园的。 3. C 理由 尽管遭遇了灾难，村民们通过互相帮助和分享他们所拥有的一点点东西来克服困难，说明他们是通过互相帮助来克服问题的。 4. C 理由 文章最后提到，灾难教会了村民们要更加坚强，并且要始终互相帮助，说明他们从灾难中学到的教训是变得更强并互助。 参考译文 2 在亚洲的一个小村庄里，人们过着平静的生活。他们有农场、房屋和一所学校。但是一年，一切都变了。一场灾难袭来。首先，是一场干旱。土地变得干燥，农民无法种植食物。然后，一场龙卷风来临，摧毁了许多家园。龙卷风之后，由于大雨，洪水淹没了整个村庄。许多房屋被损坏，人们变得无家可归。村庄还遭遇了一场山体滑坡，阻断了道路。但是没有发生火山爆发，这是一个小小的安慰。 村民们需要疏散到一个更安全的地方。直升机来救援他们。他们被带到一个避难所，直到他们的村庄再次安全。这场灾难影响了村庄里的每一个人。许多人失去了他们的家园，一些人甚至失去了家人。亲人的死亡让村民们非常悲伤。 但在这些艰难时期，村里的人们保持坚强。他们互相帮助，分享他们所拥有的一点点东西。他们知道，只要团结一致，就能重建他们的家园和生活。这场灾难教会了他们要更加坚强，并且始终互相帮助。 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$