2025年贵州中考英语一轮复习知识梳理课件：词性转换

附录 词性转换 动词→名词 1．v.＋-er/-or/-r，表示相应动作的人或者职业 design→designer fight→fighter interview→interviewer help→helper lead→leader listen→listener learn→learner own→owner paint→painter perform→performer play→player report→reporter read→reader sing→singer sleep→sleeper speak→speaker teach→teacher wait→waiter work→worker run→runner travel→traveler/traveller win→winner act→actor collect→collector direct→director invent→inventor visit→visitor dance→dancer dive→diver drive→driver explore→explorer love→lover manage→manager write→writer use→user 2．v.＋-ing，表示相应动作的名词 begin→beginning build→building cook→cooking draw→drawing end→ending feel→feeling hike→hiking mean→meaning meet→meeting paint→painting read→reading say→saying skate→skating ski→skiing swim→swimming train→training walk→walking write→writing 3．v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion，大多为抽象名词 act→action celebrate→celebration collect→collection communicate→communication compete→competition congratulate→congratulation connect→connection correct→correction create→creation direct→direction donate→donation educate→education invent→invention invite→invitation operate→operation pollute→pollution protect→protection suggest→suggestion compose→composition describe→description introduce→introduction produce→production consider→consideration examine→examination explain→explanation imagine→imagination organize→organization decide→decision discuss→discussion express→expression 4．v.＋-ment，大多为抽象名词 achieve→achievement agree→agreement argue→argument develop→development enjoy→enjoyment excite→excitement improve→improvement move→movement pay→payment punish→punishment treat→treatment require→requirement 5．其他 advise→advice act→actress appear→appearance arrive→arrival choose→choice die→death discover→discovery fail→failure fly→flight marry→marriage perform→performance press→pressure serve→service succeed→success sit→seat think→thought weigh→weight 动词→形容词 1．v.＋-ing/-ed(“v.＋ -ing”类形容词表示“令人……的”，修饰物；“v.＋-ed”类形容词表示“……的”，修饰人) amaze→amazing/amazed bore→boring/bored excite→exciting/excited frighten→frightening/frightened interest→interesting/interested please→pleasing/pleased relax→relaxing/relaxed satisfy→satisfying/satisfied surprise→surprising/surprised tire→tiring/tired 2．v.＋-ful care→careful cheer→cheerful force→forceful help→helpful regret→regretful thank→thankful 3．v.＋ -tive act→active create→creative compare→comparative 4．其他 balance→balanced die→dead live→alive/lively organize→organized pollute→polluted please→pleased sleep→asleep shine→shining suit→suitable taste→tasty wake→awake 形容词→副词 1．adj.＋-ly actual→actually beautiful→beautifully brave→bravely bright→brightly careful→carefully clear→clearly complete→completely correct→correctly deep→deeply different→differently especial→especially exact→exactly final→finally[其他市、州：2023.79] gradual→gradually near→nearly normal→normally polite→politely quick→quickly real→really recent→recently regular→regularly safe→safely serious→seriously slow→slowly sudden→suddenly usual→usually wide→widely wise→wisely 2．变y为i＋-ly easy→easily happy→happily heavy→heavily lucky→luckily unlucky→unluckily 3．去e＋-y comfortable→comfortably possible→possibly probable→probably simple→simply terrible→terribly true→truly 4．其他 good →well 形容词→名词 1．adj.＋-ness dark→darkness good→goodness happy→happiness ill→illness kind→kindness lonely→loneliness sad→sadness shy→shyness sick→sickness weak→weakness 2．adj.＋-(t)y/-ity difficult→difficulty safe→safety active→activity creative→creativity curious→curiosity electric→electricity honest→honesty impossible→impossibility personal→personality possible→possibility real→reality 3．变t为-ce absent→absence confident→confidence dependent→dependence different→difference excellent→excellence important→importance patient→patience 4．其他 able→ability basic→basis deep→depth free→freedom high→height medical→medicine social→society strange→stranger true→truth wide→width long→length young→youth 名词→形容词 1．n.＋-y, 多为表示天气的形容词 cloud→cloudy rain→rainy snow→snowy wind→windy sun→sunny fog→foggy fun→funny noise→noisy taste→tasty shine→shiny health→healthy luck→lucky salt→salty sleep→sleepy 2．n.＋-ful beauty→beautiful care→careful cheer→cheerful colour/color→colourful/colorful harm→harmful help→helpful joy→joyful meaning→meaningful peace→peaceful power→powerful success→successful use→useful wonder→wonderful 3．n.＋-al centre→central culture→cultural nature→natural practice→practical education→educational medicine→medical music→musical nation→national person→personal tradition→traditional 4．n.＋-less，变为相应形容词的反义词 care→careless end→endless harm→harmless help→helpless home→homeless hope→hopeless meaning→meaningless use→useless 5．n.＋-ly，多为表示时间的形容词 day→daily week→weekly friend→friendly love→lovely 6．n.＋-en，多为表示物体的形容词 gold→golden wood→wooden 7．n.＋ -ern，多为表示方位的形容词 east→eastern north→northern south→southern west→western 8．n.＋-ous，多为抽象意义的形容词 courage→courageous danger→dangerous[其他市、州：2023.76] humor→humorous 9．n.＋-able value→valuable[其他市、州：2024.82] fashion→fashionable knowledge→knowledgeable 10．表示国家的名词变形容词 America→American Britain→British England→English France→French China→Chinese Japan→Japanese 11．其他 anger→angry energy→energetic fool→foolish hunger→hungry pride→proud science→scientific talent→talented crowd→crowded 名词→名词 1．n.＋-ist，表示相应的职业 art→artist tour→tourist violin→violinist piano→pianist science→scientist 2．n.＋-ian，表示相应的职业 music→musician library→librarian 3．其他 birth→birthday class→classmate farm→farmer friend→friendship 加前缀un-/dis- /im- 变反义词 1．加un- able→unable comfortable→uncomfortable fair→unfair friendly→unfriendly happy→unhappy like→unlike lucky→unlucky necessary→unnecessary pleasant→unpleasant popular→unpopular usual→unusual 2．加dis- appear→disappear cover→discover honest→dishonest like→dislike 3．加im- patient→impatient polite→impolite possible→impossible 一词多变 able→unable→disabled→ability→disability act→actor→actress→action→active→activity agree→agreement→disagree→disagreement beauty→beautiful→beautifully care→careful→carefully→careless→carelessly collect→collector→collection confident→confidently→confidence cross→crossing→across danger→dangerous→dangerously→endanger→endangered develop→developing→developed→development die→death→dead→dying different→differently→difference direct→director→direction→directly educate→educator→educated→education→educational excellent→excellently→excellence excite→exciting→excited→excitement farm→farmer→farming fortunate→unfortunate→fortunately→unfortunately free→freely→freedom friend→friendly→unfriendly→friendship happy→happiness→happily→unhappy→unhappily harm→harmful→harmless health→healthy→healthily→unhealthy→unhealthily help→helper→helpful→helpfully→helpless→helplessly honest→honesty→honestly→dishonest→dishonestly hunger→hungry→hungrily important→importantly→importance→unimportant invent→inventor→invention kind→kindly→kindness like→dislike→alike→unlike luck→lucky→luckily→unlucky→unluckily marry→married→marriage mean→means→meaning→meaningful→meaningless music→musician→musical noise→noisy→noisily organize→organizer→organized→organization patient→patiently→patience→impatient peace→peaceful→peacefully play→player→playful please→pleasing→pleased→pleasant→unpleasant→pleasantly→pleasure polite→politely→impolite→impolitely pollute→polluter→pollution possible→possibly→possibility→impossible→impossibly sad→sadly→sadness safe→safely→safety→unsafe science→scientist→scientific sleep→asleep→sleepless→sleepy speak→speaker→speech success→succeed→successful→successfully sun→sunny→sunshine→sunglasses tour→tourist→tourism translate→translator→translation true→truly→truth→truthful→truthfully use→user→used→useful→useless→uselessly usual→usually→unusual visit→visitor[其他市、州：2024.76] wait→waiter→waitress wonder→wonderful→wonderfully $$