2025年贵州中考英语二轮复习重难点题型突破课件：题型三任务型阅读理解

第三 部分 题型三　 任务型阅读理解 考情分析 解题步骤 ►补全句子 该题型主要考查学生在阅读过程中获取信息、分析信息和转述信息的能力。学生要在理解文章的基础上，分析题干的句子结构，填入正确且恰当的单词或词组(3个词以内)。所填入单词或词组的词性主要有：名词(词组)、动词(词组、时态或语态的结构)、形容词(词组)、数字等。考查的方式主要有：细节理解(直接信息、间接信息)和信息归纳(细节归纳题、段落大意题、数字计算题等)。 解题方法 一、细节理解题 一般地，细节理解的题干是由原文句子进行转换而来，而非原句，因此，我们在答题时需要对信息进行转换，使之符合题目的人称、时态和语法。信息的转换主要包括题干表达的转换和设空方式的转换，主要有以下几种转换方式： 词性转换 例1：Every coin has two sides. People’s inventions help a lot，but they can be dangerous，too. For example，many years ago in Inner Mongolia，people used guns to kill a lot of wild wolves. 题干：People’s inventions for the food chain are but dangerous. 角度 1 解题思路：分析题干句子结构可知，空处缺少形容词(词组)。对比原文所定位句子可知，空处表示“帮助”的意思，且所定位的句子中“帮助”为动词help。故应进行词性转换，将动词help转化为形容词helpful。 同义词/短语转换 例2：[2024遵义汇川三模]According to the science news website Futurism，89 percent of US college students have used ChatGPT to do homework，saying the robot makes it easier for them to get the information they need. Seeing the influence on students，many schools have made some rules to stop the use of the robot. Thousands of scientific journals(期刊) have also kept writers from using ChatGPT，worrying that the false information will lead to junk science. Should we use ChatGPT or stop it in our study? 角度 2 题干：For fear of causing ，some journals stop writers from using ChatGPT. 解题思路：分析题干句子结构可知，空处缺少名词(词组)。对比原文所定位句子可知，题干中的“causing”表示“导致”，对应原文所定位句子中的词组“lead to”，均与做某事的后果有关。设空处应表示具体的后果“垃圾科学”，故填junk science。 句式转换 例3：[2024遵义汇川三模]Compared with Siri or other chatting robots，ChatGPT uses a much bigger database(数据库) for training. It also uses stronger software(软件) and hardware(硬件) to learn things by itself. For example，if it provides a wrong answer to your question，you can tell it the right one and it will correct itself. “It’s a totally different product，” computer scientist Liu Xiaoguang from Chongqing University told Chongqing Daily. “The knowledge level ChatGPT shows is similar to a college student. That’s why it surprised the world a lot.” 角度 3 题干：It’s surprising that ChatGPT has the similar as a college student. 解题思路：分析题干句子结构可知，空处缺少名词(词组)。对比原文所定位的句子可知，题干将文中的两个句子转换成句型“It is＋adj.＋that从 句”，且文中的“is similar to…”表示“与……相似”，与题干中的“has the similar…”意思相同。设空处表示“知识水平”，故填knowledge level。 语态转换 例4：“We hope to look through history to see the future，and make the Internet better serve humans,” Li Xiaodong，an expert of the museum，said. “We can let more Chinese people learn about the history and the progress of technology of the world Internet through the museum，and let foreign guests learn about China through the museum. We see the museum as a bridge connecting China and the world.” 角度 4 解题思路：分析题干句子结构可知，空处缺少动词(词组)。对比原文所定位的句子可知，主语发生了变化，题干的主语“the museum”是原文所定位句子的宾语，题干的意义上的宾语是原文所定位句子中的主语“we”，因此题干的语态应发生变化，结合两句句意和原文的时态可知，题干应用一般现在时的被动语态，且空处表示“被视为，看作”，故填is seen。 题干：According to Li，the museum as a bridge connecting China and the world. 二、信息归纳题 细节归纳题 此类试题是对文中某个细节信息进行归纳，在文中没有直接答案，需要对原文进行提炼和归纳得出正确答案。 例5：Eating alone also shows that young people pay more attention to realizing their dreams and looking for a higher quality of life. Now, many young people with fixed incomes(固定收入) are beginning to re­examine their roles in society. Zhao Lianxue, 28, a media worker, says she enjoys her life alone. Without the task of cooking for a family, Zhao often eats alone in 角度 1 restaurants. In her spare time, she can read her favorite books, listen to music，go sightseeing or shopping. It’s not hard to see that eating alone for many young people. It doesn’t mean they feel lonely. It is more about freedom and independence. 题干：Zhao Lianxue has in her spare time. 解题思路：分析句子结构可知，空处缺少名词(词组)。对比原文所定位的句子可知，设空处表示“读喜欢的书、听音乐、观景、购物”等丰富多彩的活动。故填colo(u)rful activities。 段落大意/文章主旨归纳题 此类试题是对段落大意或文章主旨进行总结和归纳。一般地，段落大意题应关注该段的首句和尾句，主旨大意题应关注文章的首段和尾段。 例6：Tell your parents something about you. You can share your school life with them. Even a small talk like what’s for dinner can keep the relation between you and your parents close. 角度 2 题干：The main idea of the third paragraph is about something about you. 解题思路：分析句子结构可知，空处缺少动名词(词组)或名词(词组)。根据题干所涉及段落的段落大意，特别由第一句可知，该段主要介绍的是告诉你的父母关于你的事情。设空处表示“告诉你的父母”。故填telling your parents。 数字计算题 此类试题是对文章的某一细节或者整体内容进行归纳计算。通常会对某活动/物品/建议/优点/缺点的个数、频次、时间等进行计算。 例7：The museum covers a building area of nearly 43,000 square meters and its exhibition area is 7,000 square meters. The museum has six standing exhibition areas, which use advanced technologies—AR glasses, intelligent guidance, AI digital human dialogue, immersive interactive experiences(沉浸式体感交互) and a UMAX cinema. 角度 3 题干：There are 6 exhibition areas with advanced technologies in the museum. 解题思路：分析句子结构可知，空处缺少限定词或修饰词。对比原文所定位的句子可知，空处表示“AR glasses，intelligent guidance…”5个先进的技术。故填5/five。 ►回答问题 此类试题考查学生在读完文章之后，能结合自身实际，合理地表达自己对文章所涉及的话题的看法、观点或感受等。答题时应注意设问的个数并掌握对不同疑问句的回答方式。 真题剖析 [2024其他市、州] Zheng Xiaohui is a Chinese student in Milan，Italy. To spread traditional Chinese culture to the world，she has given lots of erhu shows on the street. 第1题由关键词(组)“spreads”、“to the world”和“playing the erhu”定位至此 Zheng has been playing the erhu since she was 9，and she has won prizes in many national music competitions. Zheng arrived in Italy in 2021. Since April 2023，she has been performing on the street during her free time. And now she does three or four street shows a month. 第2题由关键词(组)“Now”“performs”“on the street”和“every month”定位至此 At first，Zheng did not plan to perform on the street. But after watching a video of a violinist's street performance，she changed her mind. Thinking back to her first street performance，she said she was worried at the time. But the enthusiastic response(热情的回应) from the audience(观众) cheered her up. “When I played Goodbye，myfriend，a grandfather 第3题由关键词(组)“the audience”“first street performance”定位至此 started to dance. Many people in the audience followed him. Even I could not help dancing along with them，” Zheng said. After performing a few times，Zheng began sharing videos of her street shows on the Internet. And these videos soon became popular online. Zheng says she wants to show the beauty of Chinese erhu to the world. “I believe that Chinese music has built a bridge for cultural communication，” she says. Talking about the future，Zheng looks forward to it. She says whatever she does and wherever she lives，she will bring her erhu with her. “I hope to hold my own special concert in the future to make more people learn about Chinese folk music，” she says. 第一步：读题干，标注关键词(组)，猜测文章主题(郑晓慧在米兰街头拉二胡的故事) 第二步：分析前四题的句子结构，判断空处所作的成分，确定空处的词性；分析第五题的问题，了解所涉及的角度 第三步：通读全文，根据前四题题干的关键词(组)定位到文中的句子；根据文章所表达的观点、建议或感受等，构思第五题可回答的角度 第四步：对比前四题所定位的句子与题干的含义，推断空处所缺含义以及时态、语态等，并根据题干所缺词性，确定空处的词形变化；第五题结合自己掌握的基础知识，组织语言进行表达 1. Zheng Xiaohui spreads to the world by playing the erhu. 【思路点拨】此题为细节理解题。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少名词(词组)作宾语。对比原文所定位的句子可知，题干将原文中作目的状语的不定式“to spread”转换为谓语“spreads”，结合题干及定位句句意可知，空处应表示中国传统文化。故填traditional Chinese culture。 2. Now Zheng performs times on the street in Milan every month. 【思路点拨】此题为细节理解题。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少数词表示频率。对比原文所定位的句子可知，题干将原文中“does…shows”转换为“performs…times”表示表演的次数，故填three or four。 3. Zheng by the audience during her first street performance. 【思路点拨】此题为细节理解题。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少动词(词组)作谓语。对比原文所定位的句子可知，题干由文中的两句转换为一句，且根据所定位的第二句的句意可知，题干的主语发生了变化，空处应用被动语态，表示被鼓舞，应用文中“cheered up”的被动语态结构，故填was cheered up。 4. The last paragraph mainly talks about . 【思路点拨】此题为段落大意题。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少动名词(词组)或名词(词组)作宾语。通读最后一段，结合段落首句可知，该段主要讲述的是郑晓慧关于未来的想法。故填the future/ Zheng’s future plans。 5. Do you like Zheng's story? Why or why not? 【思路点拨】该题询问对郑晓慧故事的喜好及其原因。结合自身实际情况作答。注意该题应回答两问，第一个问句为一般疑问句，用“Yes(，I do ) .”或“No(，I don't ) .”回答即可；第二个问句为特殊疑问句，询问原因，应用Because引导的完整句子回答。 第五步：复核答案，检查单词拼写、首字母大小写以及语法是否正确 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了郑晓慧在米兰街头表演二胡传播中国文化的经历。 【参考答案】1. traditional Chinese culture 2. three or four 3. was cheered up 4. Zheng’s future plans 5. Yes，I do. Because she is brave to spread traditional Chinese culture to the world./Yes，I do. Because the story makes me full of courage and hope./… Passage 1 Confucius was one of the greatest teachers in ancient China who helped shape Chinese culture. He influenced Chinese education in many ways. But he didn't usually give lessons by doing most of the talking. His teaching was done more in the form of conversations. 题型演练 Throughout his lifetime，about 3，000 young people studied under Confucius and they recorded his sayings which eventually were edited into a book we know in English as The Analects. Confucius changed his teaching style according to the needs of each student. One day，one of his students，Zi Lu，asked him a question，“When I hear a piece of good news，should I put it into practice at once？” Confucius replied，“You should always first ask someone with more experience.” A few days later，another student named Ran Qiu asked the same question. To him，Confucius replied，“Yes，put it into practice right away.” A third student heard the two conversations. He asked Confucius why he gave different answers to the two students. “Ran Qiu always hesitates(犹豫) in making decisions. This is why I encourage him to move forward，” said the teacher. “Zi Lu，however，always makes decisions too quickly. Therefore，I want him to think twice before he does something.” See? And that was how Confucius taught his students. (1至4题每空不超过3个词，5题须用完整句子回答。) Confucius' Teaching Ways Paragraph 1 Confucius had a big influence on Chinese 1._________ in many ways. Paragraph 2 Confucius had about 3,000 students. Paragraph 3 Confucius changed his 2.____________ according to the needs of each student. Confucius’ two students asked the same question，but they received 3.________________. education teaching style different answers Paragraph 4 Zi Lu was encouraged by Confucius to 4.___________ before he made decisions. 5. What do you think of Confucius’ opinion? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ think twice I think Confucius’ opinion is very useful to guide the students./I feel Confucius’ opinion helps to build harmonious society./… Passage 2 Do you know what the body mass index(BMI，体重指数) is? According to the National Health Service，BMI is a measure that uses your height and weight to work out if you are fit. Some cities in China have included BMI in the PE test for the high school entrance examination，or zhongkao. For example，Beijing in 2021 announced that BMI officially became a subject of the PE test for the zhongkao. Chengdu and Shanghai have also started similar actions. BMI in cities like Xiamen，although not included in zhongkao，still plays a role in regular PE tests. Zhang Yanshu is a Grade 8 student from Beijing Chaoyang Foreign Language School. He used to be overweight. “It was this summer that I decided to work on my BMI，” Zhang said. He started by running with his dad，and soon took a stamina(体能) course which trained him for different things like running，pull­ups and so on. “I think BMI and the events for the exam go well together. When I practice the events，my BMI gets better; when my BMI gets better，I feel more energetic doing the events.” Zhang also paid much attention to his diet. “I ate brown rice instead of white rice，and chicken for meat most of the time,” he said. “It was for sure sad.” His BMI reached a normal level after four months of effort. “My health and willpower have seen a big improvement.” Chen Kaifei，14，also from Beijing said that BMI is also a problem for students who are too thin，and has caused some “figure anxiety(身材焦虑)” among students. “However, mostly I think it has a good influence,” Chen said. “Everyone has a better understanding of their body and health conditions，and I started to care about my diet and lifestyle every day，simply to keep my BMI at a good level.” (1至4题每题答案不超过3个单词，5题须用完整句子回答。) 1. We know that BMI is included in in some cities from Paragraph 2. 2. In Zhang Yanshu’s opinion, BMI and the events for the exam _______ _________. 3. The policy pushed Zhang to live _________. 4. Chen Kaifei thinks the policy might make too thin students ____________ ____________ their body shape. zhongkao go well together healthily feel anxious/ worried about 5. What’s the real purpose of including BMI in zhongkao? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ It is used to work out if students are fit./It helps students to pay more attention to their own health./… Passage 3 When you got sick，did your grandparents and doctors make you drink a lot of “terrible soup”？ Although it is a bad drinking experience，it can make you feel better in several days. The “soup” is actually a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has a history of about 3,000 years. It has special diagnostic(诊断) methods. Doctors often check your tongue, listen to your breath, feel your pulse(脉搏), ask when you sleep and what you eat and drink. In western medicine, serious illness usually needs an operation(手术). In traditional Chinese medicine，doctors often use non-operational methods. It is difficult to compare which one is better. “Bringing together western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine can use collective knowledge, rather than create competitions between them. It can develop the great effects of both of them,” said Bernhard Schwartlander，a World Health Organization representative in China. Traditional Chinese medicine is going to the world. It is reported that 86 countries are now developing traditional Chinese medicine together with China. Famous people also help make traditional Chinese medicine popular among foreigners. In 2015，Chinese scientist Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize. She made an important medicine using traditional Chinese medicine. Now China has 10 traditional Chinese medicine centers abroad，such as in France and the United States. Doctors give traditional Chinese medicine treatment to local people there. They also teach traditional Chinese medicine knowledge to local people. Many foreigners study traditional Chinese medicine，including people from Asia，Africa，North America and Europe. Main idea Supporting Information What’s the soup？ It is a kind of 1._________________________ which tastes terrible. How does a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine diagnose a disease？ There are four 2.___________________. ①Check the tongue. ②Listen to the breath. ③Feel the pulse. ④Ask when to sleep and what to eat and drink. traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic methods (1至4题每空不超过3个词，5题须用完整句子回答。) Main idea Supporting Information 3. ， western medicine or traditional Chinese medicine？ • Each has its own advantages. • Bringing together traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine can develop the greatest effects. How do we make traditional Chinese medicine more popular？ • 4._________________ Tu Youyou has made an important medicine using traditional Chinese medicine. • China has 10 traditional Chinese medicine centers abroad. • Many foreigners are studying traditional Chinese medicine. Which is better Chinese scientist 5. Do you like Chinese traditional medicine? Why? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Yes，I do. Because traditional Chinese medicine contains Chinese traditional culture./Yes，I do. Because I think it may be safer than western medicine./… Passage 4 Is there intelligent life on other planets? For years，scientists said “no” or “we don't know”. But today this is changing. Seth and Alex are astronomers(天文学家). They believe there must be intelligent life on other planets. They also think we might soon communicate with these beings. Why do Seth and Alex think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe(宇宙) is about 12 billion years old. “This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life，” say Seth and Alex. The second reason is size—the universe is so big. “Tools like the Hubble Telescope(哈勃望远镜) have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies(星系) in the universe，” says Seth. “And our galaxy，the Milky Way，has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth.” In the past，it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life. But now，powerful telescopes allow scientists to discover smaller planets—the size of Mars or Earth—in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life. Have intelligent beings from space already visited Earth? “Probably not，” says Alex. “It's a long way away. However，intelligent beings may contact us in other ways，such as using radio signals. In fact，they might try to communicate with us in the past，but we didn't have the right tools to receive their messages. However，this is changing. By 2025，we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we even might help each other.” (1至4题每题答案不超过3个单词，5题须用完整句子回答。) 1. Seth and Alex believe it will be possible for us to __________________ intelligent beings soon. 2. Intelligent life may exist on other planets because of _______________. 3. Now，_________________________ becomes easier with the help of powerful telescopes. communicate with time and size discovering smaller planets 4. _____________ might be used by intelligent beings to contact us. 5. Do you believe there is intelligent life on other planets? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Radio signals Yes. Because 12 billion years is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life./No. Because we haven't received any message yet./… $$