2025年贵州中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题二 动词第1讲动词和动词短语

第二 部分 专题二　动 词 第1讲　动词和动词短语 思维导图串考点 核心考点精讲练 基本形式 变化规则 示例 动词原形 词典中一般给出的形式 do，learn，run，play 第三人称 单数形式 一般在动词后直接加­s run→runs，think→thinks 以ch，sh，s，o，x结尾的动词后加­es teach→teaches，wash→washes， go→goes，pass→passes，mix→mixes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变成i，再加­es study→studies，carry→carries 不规则变化 be→is，have→has 基本形式 变化规则 示例 动词的­ing形式 一般在动词后直接加­ing read→reading，cook→cooking 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加­ing live→living，write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加­ing sit→sitting，begin→beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要先变ie为y，再加­ing(初中共3个) die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying 基本形式 变化规则 示例 过去式和过去分词 (规则变化) 一般在动词后直接加­ed work→worked，play→played 以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d invite→invited，promise→promised 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加-ed stop→stopped，plan→planned 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-ed carry→carried，study→studied 注意：动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式详见《教材词汇攻关》“不规则动词表” 1．实义动词 [其他市、州：方框选词：2024.34 ] 动词根据其后能否接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。如下表： 命题点 1 动词的分类及词义辨析[其他市、州：方框选词：2024.34 完 类别 含义 示例 例句 及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 love，need，ask，want，have，play Jane usually plays the piano on Sat-urday. 不及物 动词 不及物动词自身意思完整，无须接宾语。 happen，come，run，work Nobody knows what will hap-pen next. 形填空：每年4道；翻译句子：2024.69；语法填空：2023.82 ] 2. 助动词 助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等。 助动词 句法功能 例句 be动词 (am，is， are)/ (was， were) 构成现在进行时 Jimmy is playing basketball with his friends. 构成过去进行时 Li Ming was sleeping when his father came back. 构成被动语态 Parking is not allowed here. 助动词 句法功能 例句 do/does/did 构成疑问句、否定句 Do you like the book your mother bought for you？ 用于倒装句 Seldom does he come late. 构成否定祈使句 Don't make any noise in the library. 代替主要动词 I don't like eating noodles，but my brother does. have/has/had 构成完成时 Tom has played soccer on the playground for a long time. will/shall/would 构成将来时 There will be more helpful robots in the future. 3. 系动词 [ 其他市、州：语法填空：2023.82 ] 系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的身份、性质、状态。具体分类如下： 类别 示例 例句 表示状态的系动词 be My father is a teacher. 表示持续的系动词 keep，remain，lie，stay My grandparents take exercise every morning to keep healthy. 类别 示例 例句 感官系动词 look，sound，feel，smell，taste The new cloth feels smooth and soft. 表示状态变化的系动词 become，get，turn，go，grow In spring，trees begin to turn green. 4. 情态动词 [其他市、州：翻译句子：2024.69 ] 词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，后接动词原形一起构成谓语，大多无人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有：can/could，may/might，will/would，must，need，have to，should等。[详见本专题P87第2讲 情态动词] 5．实义动词词义辨析[其他市、州：完形填空：每年4考 ] 实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。 解答语境辨析类试题时，首先要确定每个动词的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词或前后存在的逻辑关系，确定答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中，需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的词义及用法。 Passage 1 [2024四川雅安改编]A young man from Xi'an didn't pass the Graduate School Entrance Examination(研究生入学考试) a few days ago. He was sad and couldn't help 1 his father who died two years ago. So he sent a text message to the phone number that his father 2 when he was alive. The young man 3 his father his sadness and how much he missed him. To his surprise，he 4 an unexpected text message from the phone number. He was 5 to face difficulties in life bravely. 针对训练 ( 　) 1. A. leaving B．missing C．protecting ( 　) 2. A. used B．offered C．sent ( 　) 3. A. gave B．asked C．told ( 　) 4. A. reached B．received C．achieved ( 　) 5. A. allowed B．warned C．encouraged B A C B C The phone number belongs to Mr. Gao now—a kind man. At first，he 6 it was a text message sent by mistake. After 7 it carefully，he thought the man who had sent the text message must have had some difficulties and needed to be encouraged. He decided to 8 the text message after thinking twice. He told the young man the life road was sometimes difficult but he would get better and better if he kept trying. ( 　) 6. A. promised B．found C．thought (　 ) 7. A. reading B．replying C．writing ( 　) 8. A. stop B．reply C．forget C A B The young man was moved and 9 thanks to Mr. Gao. Many people were 10 by the story，too. Try to give the people in need a hand. Even a small help can make a great difference to their lives. (　 ) 9. A. noticed B．shared C．showed ( 　) 10. A. moved B．cheated C．taught C A Passage 2 It was hard to believe，but it was true—a concert by Kings of Leon would be held in our town! When I saw the poster，I phoned all my friends to 11 them the exciting news. At first they didn't 12 me，but then they all got really happy! (　 ) 11. A. show B．teach C．tell (　 ) 12. A. thank B．believe C．doubt B C We all really 13 to go to the concert. It was our favourite band and we heard that we could 14 tickets online. The tickets were too expensive and I didn't have enough money. But my dad 15 me some money as an early birthday present and we finally bought four tickets near the stage. (　 ) 13. A. refused B．wanted C．planned (　 ) 14. A. collect B．make C．buy ( 　) 15. A. gave B．asked C．sold B C A We were all very excited. For two weeks we hadn't talked about anything else—just the concert. And then finally，the big day 16 . My friends came to my house and we all got ready. Then we took a bus to the concert. ( 　) 16. A. turned B．came C．led B We had a great time at the concert. The band 17 really well and they performed for three hours! My friends and I sang，too，because we 18 the lyrics(歌词) of every song! Unluckily，they didn't 19 my favourite song. What a pity it was! (　 ) 17. A. worked B．laughed C．played ( 　) 18. A. copied B．remembered C．shared ( 　) 19. A. listen B．sing C．write C B B After the show，we all went to a fast food store. We 20 hamburgers and talked about the show. Allie said it was the best concert ever and we thought the same! (　 ) 20. A. ate B．prepared C．cooked A ►考向1　同一介词/副词型 ◆about 短语 bring about 引起　 care about 关心　 hear about 听说 know/learn about了解　 talk about 谈论 think about 考虑 worry about 担心 ◆at 短语 arrive at 到达　 knock at 敲……　 laugh at 嘲笑 point at 指向 shout at 对……大喊 throw at 朝……扔 命题点 2 动词短语[其他市、州：翻译句子：2023.69 ] ◆away 短语 blow away 吹走 die away 逐渐消失 pass away 去世 run away 逃跑 take away 带走 throw away 扔掉 walk away 走开 ◆back 短语 bring back 使回想起来；恢复 come back 返回；复苏 look back at 回顾 put back 放回原处；推迟；妨碍　 talk back 顶嘴 ◆down 短语 break down 使破碎；分解　calm down 冷静下来 cut down 砍倒；削减 get down 下车；使沮丧 go down 下降；日落 look down 俯视；蔑视 sit down 坐下 slow down 减速 write down 写下；记下 ◆for 短语 ask for 请求　care for 照料；关心　leave for 起程去 pay for 付费；付出代价 search for 搜寻 stand for 代表 wait for 等待 ◆from 短语 hear from 收到……的来信 learn from 向……学习，从……中吸取教训 stay away from 与……保持距离 ◆off 短语 break off 突然停止　burn off 烧掉　 cut off 切断 fall off 跌落 pay off 偿清(欠款等) see off 送别 set off 出发 show off 炫耀 ◆on 短语 carry on 继续 depend on 依赖，依靠 hold on 紧握住；等待；坚持；等一等 live on 以……为生 move on 向前 pass on 传递；传承 work on 从事 ◆out 短语 act out 表演出来；付诸行动　blow out 吹灭　 break out 爆发　 bring out 使显现　 find out 发现 get out 泄露；逃脱　 go out 外出　 hand out 分发 run out 用完，耗尽　 take out 取出；扣除 try out 试验　 turn out 倒出；关掉；结果是 work out 计算出；解决 ◆up 短语 bring up 抚养成人；提及；呕吐　 clean up 打扫干净 cut up 切碎 fix up 修理 go up 上涨；上升 grow u p长大　 pick up 捡起　 set up 建立 stay up 熬夜 show up 出现；揭露　 wake up 醒来 ◆with 短语 agree with 同意　 deal with 处理 part with 与……分开　 play with 与……玩耍，玩…… talk with 与……交谈 catch up with 赶上；超过 ►考向2　同一动词型 ◆come 短语 come across (偶然)遇见 come along 取得进展；到来 come down 减少；发生 come from 出生于；来自 come in 进来；到达现场 come into 进入 come on 加油　come out 出版；发表；出现 come over 顺便来访 come round 拜访(某人的家)；改变方向 come true 实现 come up with 提出(主意、计划、回答等)；想出 ◆get 短语 get into 进入；参与　 get off 离开；下车　 get on 上车 get over 克服；恢复　 get to 到达　 get together 相聚 get away from… 远离…… get ready for… 为……做准备 get on/along well with… 与……和睦相处 get up 起床；起来 ◆give 短语 give away 捐赠 give in 屈服，让步 give off 发出(光、热等) give out 散发；分发 give up 放弃 ◆go 短语 go away 离开　 go back 返回　 go by (时间)流逝 go off 爆炸；(闹铃)响 go on 继续 go over 复习；仔细检查 go through 通过；经历 go with 伴随 ◆keep 短语 keep off 使……不接近 keep on 继续 keep out 阻止进入 keep away from 远离 keep in touch 保持联系 keep up with 并驾齐驱 ◆look 短语 look after 照顾；照看 look around 环顾四周 look at 看　 look for 寻找 look out 留神；当心 look over 仔细检查 look through 浏览 look up 查阅 ◆make 短语 make mistakes 犯错 make sure 确保 make up 编造；组成；化妆 make a living 谋生 make a decision/make decisions 做决定 make friends with 和……交朋友 ◆put 短语 put away 收起，放好 put down 放下；记下 put forward 提出；推荐 put off 推迟 put on 穿上；上演；增加(体重) put out 熄灭；推迟或取消(比赛、活动等) put up 搭建；张贴 put up with 容忍 put sth. to good use 好好利用某物 ◆take 短语 take down 降低；拆除；写下　 take in 吸收；领会 take off 脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞　 take on 呈现 take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做 ◆turn 短语 turn down 调低；拒绝　 turn off 关掉　 turn on 打开 turn to 转向；求助于　 turn up 调高；出现 ►考向3　混合型 混合辨析，即选项通常设置为“不同动词＋不同介词/副词”，需要考生熟记动词短语。 [更多动词短语详见《课时词汇攻关》P89“二 、常见短语分类速记”] 21．[2024云南改编]我想成为一名宇航员，并且我希望我的梦想将来能实现。 I want to be an astronaut and I hope my dream will _____ _____ in the future. 22．[2024云南改编]这辆公交太拥挤了，他们不得不等下一辆。 The bus was so crowded that they had to ______ _____ the next one. 23．[2024天津]哈里打开电脑查看电子邮件。 Harry ________ ____ his computer and checked his email. 24．[2024天津]我们可以一起参加讨论。 We can ______ ____ the discussion together 针对练习 come true wait for turned on join in 25．[2024江苏无锡]如果你们同意我的看法，请举手。 If you_______ ______ me，please raise your right hand. 26．[2024甘肃白银]机会属于准备充分的人。 Chances ________ ____ those people who are well prepared. 27．[2024重庆]我们应该学会照顾自己。 We should learn to ______ _______ ourselves. 28．[2024甘肃临夏]由于昨天突然下大雨，学校运动会被推迟了。 The school sports meeting was _____ _____because of the sudden heavy rain yesterdy. agree with belong to look after put off 29．[2024天津]他的新书将在明年出版。 His new book will ______ _____ next year. 30．[2024甘肃临夏]万物靠太阳生长。 All living things ________ ____ the sun for their growth. 31．[2024四川宜宾]我正期待收到你的来信。 I am looking forward to _________ ______ you. 32．[2024甘肃白银]神舟十七号航天员乘组于2024年5月1日平安抵京。 The Shenzhou­-17 astronaut crew________ ____Beijing safely on May 1st，2024. come out depend on hearing from arrived in 33．不要害怕犯错，我们可以从错误中学到很多东西。 Don't be afraid of ________ __________ and we can learn a lot of things from them! 34．在学校义卖活动上筹集到的钱已经被捐赠给了那些生病的孩子。 The money that raised on the school charity sale has been _______ ______ to the sick kids. 35．京剧有着经久不衰的价值，值得传承。 Beijing Opera has such a lasting value that it's worth _________ ____. making mistakes given away passing on 36．很多公司会思考如何能把他们的产品销往其他国家。 Many companies will _______ _______ how to sell their products to other countries. 37．学校教会我们如何为面对真实世界做好准备，帮助我们成为更好的自己。 The school teaches us how to _____ _______ for the real world and helps us become better selves. 38．要打败一个永远不放弃的人是很难的。 It's hard to beat a person who never _______ ____. think about get ready gives up 39．你要学会理解他人看待问题的方式。 You have to learn to understand another person's way of _________ ____ things. 40．客人必须在中午前进行退房，否则他们将支付一整天的费用。 Guests must check out before noon，or they will _____ _____ the whole day. 41．罗马不是一天建成的，所以我们应该努力学习，一步一步取得进步。 Rome was not built in a day，so we should study hard and ______ ________ step by step. looking at pay for make progress $$