2025年贵州中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题二 动词第3讲非谓语动词

第二 部分 专题二 动词 第3讲 非谓语动词 思维导图串考点 1．动词不定式的形式：to＋动词原形(有时可以省略to)；否定形式为“not to＋动词原形”。 核心考点精讲练 命题点 1 动词不定式 2．动词不定式的句法功能 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 They decided to visit the Great Lakes. 作宾语补足语 位于宾语后，补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。 The teacher asked us to turn off the lights. 功能 用法 例句 作状语 [其他市、州： 语法填空：2023．77 ] 一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 He opened the door for her to come in. (作目的状语) Paul is too excited to say anything. (作结果状语) 作主语 常用it作形式主语，而将不定式后置 To learn English well is important. ＝ It is important to learn English well. 作表语 常位于be动词后 Her job is to do the dishes. 作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语(如果是不及物动词，则需加介词) I have a lot of books to read. Please give me some paper to write on. 【拓展】特殊结构的不定式 作宾语时，还可转化为宾语从句。如： Can you tell me where to get the scarf？＝Can you tell me where I can get the scarf? 结构 功能 例句 疑问词＋动词不定式 作主语 When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet. 作宾语 I haven't decided yet when to leave. 作表语 The question is where to find water. 3．常见可接动词不定式作宾语的动词 (词组) (v.＋to do sth.) afford 负担得起 agree 同意 choose 选择 continue 继续 decide 决定 expect 期望 fail 失败 forget 忘记 hope 希望 learn 学习 like 喜欢 manage 设法 need 需要 plan 计划 prefer 更喜欢 prepare 准备 promise 承诺 refuse 拒绝 wait 等待 want 想要 would like 想要 4. 常见接动词不定式作宾补的动词 (v.＋sb. to do sth.) advise 建议 allow 允许 ask 要求 expect 期望 force 强迫 help 帮助 invite 邀请 teach 教 tell 告诉 want 想要 warn 警告 wish 希望 encourage 鼓励 request 要求 order 命令 [其他市、州：语法填空：2024.74 ] 5. 动词不定式符号to的省略 (1) 在一些使役动词和感官动词之后，要把不定式结构中的to省略，但在 变为被动语态时，要把省略的to加上(let除外)。常用的有： 一感： feel 二听： listen to，hear 三让： let，have，make 四看： watch，see，look at，notice 如：The boy's funny action made everyone laugh.＝Everyone was made to laugh by the boy's funny action. (2) help后带to不带to均可。如： She still works there once a week to help kids (to) learn to read. (3) 当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时，通常只需在第一个不定式处用to，其余不定式的to可以省略。但是，如果两者有对比关系，则后面的不定式to不可省略。如： To try and fail is better than not to try at all. (4) why not…后省略to。如： Why not go with Tom? (5) had better…后省略to。如： We'd better ride a shared bike there. 6．不定式的常见句型 (1) It is＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……/某人做某事 真是…… (2) It takes/took sb. ＋一段时间＋to do sth. 做某事花某人……时间。 (3) It's time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。 (4) It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。 (5) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 (6) too＋adj.＋to do sth. 太……而不能做某事 (7) adj.＋enough to do sth. 足够……去做某事 (8) It's one's duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的义务。 1．动名词的形式：动词原形＋­ing；否定形式为“not＋动词原形＋-ing” 2．动名词的句法功能 命题点 2 动名词 功能 用法 例句 作主语 单个动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 Eating too much junk food is bad for your health. 作表语 动名词(短语)作表语可转化为作主语 My hobby is playing the guitar.＝ Playing the guitar is my hobby. 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 作动词的宾语，表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性动作 My sister enjoys running very much. 作介词的宾语 I' m looking forward to working out the problem. 作定语 位于所修饰词之前，只表明所修饰词的用途等 The meeting room is too small to hold thirty people. 3. 常接动名词作宾语的动词 (词组) (v.＋doing sth.) 分类 示例 动词 avoid 避免　 consider 考虑　 enjoy 喜欢 finish 完成 imagine 想象 keep 坚持 mind 介意 practice 练习 suggest 建议 分类 示例 动词词组 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 set out doing sth. 着手/开始做某事 be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣 分类 示例 动词词组 can't/couldn't stand doing sth. 不能忍受做某事 can't/couldn't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 have fun/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有乐趣/有麻烦/有困难 look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 【拓展】既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词 1．分词的形式 (1) 现在分词：v.-ing，表示动作正在发生，有主动、进行之意； (2) 过去分词：v.-ed，表示动作已经完成，有被动、完成之意。 2．分词的用法 分词在句中可起形容词或副词的作用，作表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语，也可构成各种进行或完成时态和语态。 (1) 作表语 The film was so moving that I was deeply moved. 命题点 3 分词(课标仅作理解要求) (2) 作定语 The book written by Mr. Wang is very interesting. (3) 作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步等。 Laughing and talking，the kids went into the room.(表伴随) (4) 作宾语补足语 We all want the problem to be solved. Ⅰ. 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．[2024江苏无锡]The children did a lot of research in the lab _________ (finish) the science project. 2．[2024江苏苏州改编]Stop _________(push) and just wait for your turn. 3．[2024江苏苏州改编]You need a good sense of balance _________(ride) a bicycle. 4．[2024四川眉山]In Journey to the West，the clever and brave Monkey King is never afraid _________(fight) bad people. 针对练习 pushing to finish to ride to fight 5．[2024甘肃白银]The Internet can be a useful tool，but don't let it _________ (take) up all of your time. 6．[2024甘肃临夏]I enjoy _____________(listen) to music in my spare time. 7．[2024内蒙古包头]Many students have trouble _______________ (communicate) with their parents. However，with a little hard work，they can learn to solve this problem. 8．It won't take a long time _________(find) any place in the world with the help of online maps. 9．We teenagers should spend more time ________(learn) about the outside world. take listening communicating to find learning 10．We hold a dance every year __________(raise) money for the students in poor areas. 11．We haven't decided when __________(visit) our grandparents. 12．__________(keep) diaries in English is a good way to help you with your English. 13．I prefer ___________(listen) to music rather than play computer games. 14．According to my experience，the first step to learn English well is _____________(pronounce) correctly. 15．Tom is crazy about football. However，his parents don't allow him _________(stay) out late to play football for his safety. to raise to visit Keeping to listen to pronounce to stay 16．They reached the station too late __________(catch) the train. 17．Let's think of a good way _________(help) the sick kids in the hospital. 18．My father expects me _______(try) out for that famous musical tour next year，so he books the summer camp organized by experienced drama teachers for me. 19．The new year is coming. Teachers encourage us ____________(develop) new hobbies. 20．Mr. Smith was happy ___________(accept) the invitation to the speech contest. to catch to help to try to develop to accept Ⅱ. 翻译句子 21．[2024重庆中考A卷改编]请教教我如何弹钢琴。 Please teach me how____ ______the piano. 22．网络交友对中学生来说是不安全的。 _________ _________ on the Internet is not safe for middle school students. 23．从她身上我体会到打败困难的唯一方式是不断努力，而不是抱怨。 From her I learned the only way to beat difficulties is ________ _______ instead of complaining. to play Making friends keeping trying 24．科学家们说，如今生活在森林里的熊猫不足2000只。 Scientists say there are now fewer than 2，000 pandas ______ ___ the forest. 25．为了拯救大象，我们不能买象牙制品。 To save the elephants，we can't buy things ______ ____ ivory. 26．帮你记住某个东西的一个好办法是在你的头脑里想象一幅它的画面。 A great way ___ __________ something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind. living in made of to remember 27．作为年轻人，我们要有改变世界的勇气。 As young men，we should have the courage __________ ____________ the world. 28．阅读时，有些学生碰到生词习惯查字典。 Some students are used ____ _________ up the words they don't know in the dictionary while reading. to change of changing to looking Ⅲ. 语法填空微语篇 [2023山西改编]Joe got a chocolate from his father for his cleaning work at home. When he was ready 29.________(eat) it，his elder brother took away the chocolate from Joe and put it in his mouth. Joe rushed to his room angrily with tears on his face，for he was worried about his 30.______(lose) chocolate. to eat lost After 31.__________(learn) about it，his father carried a larger chocolate to Joe's room. He knocked at the door and asked Joe 32._________(open) it. He even told that he had a larger chocolate for him. But Joe didn't want 33._______ (listen) to his father. He lay on the bed and continued to cry. His worry stopped him from 34._________(get) much greater happiness. We may waste a lot of time and chances 35.__________(think) about the small losses(损失)，and blaming(责怪) the persons who caused our losses. By 36._______(do) this，we are actually refusing to receive greater gifts from life. It's really a foolish action. learning to open to listen getting thinking doing $$