2025年贵州中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题十构词法

第二 部分 专题十 构词法 在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词,这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀,加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。 考向1 前缀 (前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性) 核心考点精讲练 命题点 1 派生法 1.表否定意义的前缀 前缀 示例 un- able unable usual unusual happy unhappy in correct incorrect expensive inexpensive im polite impolite patient impatient possible impossible dis like dislike appear disappear agree disagree honest dishonest non smoker non-smoker native non-native 前缀 示例 2. 其他 前缀 含义 示例 mis 错误 understand misunderstand lead mislead re 再;又,重复 view review build rebuild write rewrite inter- 相互;交互在一起 net Internet national international a 处于……状态或过程中 live alive wake awake 前缀 含义 示例 en 使可能 rich enrich able enable courage encourage tele 远的;电视的;电话的 phone telephone vision television control telecontrol 考向2 后缀(后缀多数改变词性 类型 后缀 示例 名词 形容词 y rain rainy luck lucky health healthy wealth wealthy ly love lovely friend friendly ous danger dangerous humor humorous -ful use useful care careful help helpful 类型 后缀 示例 名词 形容词 -less词义与加-ful时相反 use useless care careless -ern west western south southern -en gold golden wood wooden -al nation national tradition traditional -ish fool foolish child childish 类型 后缀 示例 名词 名词 ist art artist piano pianist tour tourist science scientist -hood child childhood neighbor neighborhood -ship leader leadership friend friendship -ese China Chinese Japan Japanese -n, an,-ian Australia Australian Europe European music musician 类型 后缀 示例 动词 名词 er, or, (r)ess teach teacher win winner act actor visit visitor wait waitress -ing paint painting build building cross crossing 动词 名 ment develop development (t)ion/ sion/ 去e加 ation invite invitation decide decision discuss discussion 类型 后缀 示例 动词 形容词 able comfort comfortable enjoy enjoyable (去e加)-(t)ive act active create creative (e)d surprise surprised interest interested (去e加)-ing interest interesting excite exciting 类型 后缀 示例 形容词 名词 -ty safe safety -ness ill illness sad sadness kind kindness happy happiness (-le变)-(il)ity able ability real reality possible possibility ce(以t结尾去 t再加 c-e) important importance silent silence different difference -th true truth warm warmth (e)r foreign foreigner strange stranger 类型 后缀 示例 形容词 副词 ly real really final finally 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i再加-ly happy happily angry angrily heavy heavily 以“辅音字母+le”结尾,去掉e再加-y simple simply terrible terribly comfortable comfortably 以ll结尾,只加y full fully 少数以e结尾,要去掉e再加-ly true truly . 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1.The family are having a _(discuss) about how to help the homeless cats in the neighborhood. 2.The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “_(possible)”. 3.People in that city prepared to_(build) their houses after the terrible flood. 针对训练 discussion impossible rebuild 4.Although he has some _(advantage),the teacher still encourages him a lot. 5.Mozart was one of the most famous _(music) in the world. 6.The Maglev(磁悬浮列车) _(able) us to get to the international airport in about eight minutes. 7.The future is _(certain). No one knows what will happen tomorrow. So live for now! 8.With the money,we have _(success) sent many poor children to school. disadvantages musicians enables uncertain successfully 9.Some insects are_(harm) and we should try to protect them. 10.It's very kind of you to help me with my English with great_ (patient). 11.I am afraid she will refuse my _(invite) because we don't know each other well. 12.He was quite _(humor),and I liked that about him. 13.Your _(suggest) is of great value and is really worth taking. Thank you so much! harmless patience invitation humorous suggestion 14.Mr. Wind was so proud that he thought he was more _(power) than Mr. Sun. 15.To our _(excited),our school team won the basketball match again this time! powerful excitement . 语法填空 As a Canadian,I have been very 16._(interest) in Chinese since I was very young. At the age of 12,I entered a Chinese writing 17._(compete). I tried 18._(real) hard but I failed to win a prize. It was such a huge challenge to learn Chinese that I lost 19._(confident) in myself. interested competition really confidence One day,a book named Journey to the West caught my eyes. In the book,the Monkey King needs to borrow a fan to cross the Mountain of Flames. Although he fails twice,he doesn't give up and 20._(final) makes it. Since I was 21._(strong) encouraged by the Monkey King,I kept working hard on 22._(China). Still,I have met some problems on the way,but I have found learning Chinese is an 23._(excite) challenge for me. Last week,I was given the third prize in a Chinese writing competition. I wasn't the best one in the competition,but I learned to face challenges 24._(brave). finally strongly Chinese exciting bravely The journey of learning Chinese is like climbing towards the mountain top,sometimes up,sometimes down. The experiences can bring me pain,but also fill my life with 25._(please). I will go on my journey and I am looking forward to playing a role in developing 26. _ (communicate) between the East and the West in the future. pleasure communication 用两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法。 命题点 2 合成法 类型 合成方式 示例 合成动词 形容词+动词 dry clean 干洗 名词+动词 sleepwalk 梦游 sightsee 观光 副词+动词 overcome 克服 类型 合成方式 示例 合成名词 名词+名词 basketball 篮球 bookshop 书店 名词+动词 haircut 理发 sunrise 日出 动词+副词 get together (非正式的) 聚会,联欢会 形容词+名词 greenhouse 温室 blackboard 黑板 介词+名词 afternoon 下午 类型 合成方式 示例 合成形容词 名词+形容词 snow-white 雪白的 名词/形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted 热心的 介词+名词 underground 地下的 名词+动词 ing形式 English speaking 说英语的 形容词/副词+动词过去分词 ready made 现成的 newborn 新生的 类型 合成方式 示例 合成形容词 形容词/副词+动词 ing形式 good-looking 漂亮的 hard-working 工作努力的 名词+动词过去分词 man-made 人造的 heart-broken 心碎的 数词+名词 second hand 二手的 数词+名词+形容词 10 metre-long 10米长的 动词+副词 take away 外卖的 类型 合成方式 示例 合成副词 副词+名词 upstairs 在楼上 downstairs 在楼下 合成介词 介词+名词 outside 在……外面 inside 在……里面 介词+副词 without 没有 throughout 自始至终;遍及 英语中,把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性,这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的转化形式如下: 命题点 3 转化法 类型 示例 名词 动词 book (n.) 书 (v.) 预订 hand (n.) 手 (v.) 上交 water (n.) 水 (v.) 浇水 land (n.) 陆地 (v.) 着陆 name (n.) 名字 (v.) 命名 score (n.) 分数 (v.) 得分 类型 示例 动词 名词 cook (v.) 烹饪 (n.) 厨师 rain (v.) 下雨 (n.) 雨 walk (v.) 散步,走 (n.) 散步 break (v.) 打破 (n.) 休息 stop (v.) 停止 (n.) 车站 lift (v.) 举起 (n.) 电梯 形容词 动词 clean (adj.) 干净的 (v.) 打扫 open (adj.) 开放的 (v.) 打开 last (adj.) 最后的 (v.) 持续 tidy (adj.) 整洁的 (v.) 使整洁 类型 示例 形容词 名词 right (adj.) 正确的 (n.) 正确 wrong (adj.) 错误的 (n.) 错误 back (adj.) 后面的 (n.) 背部,后面 light (adj.) 明亮的 (n.) 灯 $$