2025年贵州中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题三形容词和副词

第二 部分 专题三　形容词和副词 1．形容词的用法 [其他市、州：方框选词：2023.33 ] 形容词用于修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的性质、状态、属性或特征。基本用法如下： 核心考点精讲练 命题点 1 形容词和形容词短语 功能 位置 例句 作定语 放在名词前 This is an interesting book. 形容词修饰复合不定代词时，通常后置 I have something important to tell you. 功能 位置 例句 作表语 放在系动词后，系动词主要有be动词、三变化(turn，get，become)、感官动词以及stay，go，seem等 This book is interesting. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. You look very happy. Lucy always stays positive. 作宾语 补足语 常置于keep，make，leave等动词之后，说明宾语的性质、状态和特征 We should keep our classroom clean. 作状语 相当于状语从句，可位于句首、句末或句中。 He arrived home，hungry and tired. 【拓展】 (1) 形容词alive，alone，afraid，awake，asleep，well(健康的)等只能作表语。如： Don't be afraid! (2) 有些形容词位于定冠词the之后。泛指一类人，表示复数概念，作主语时，谓语动词用复数(如：be用are/were)。这类词有： young/old，rich/poor，healthy/ill，living/dead等。如： The wise are always listening，not speaking. 2．v.-ing形容词与v.-ed形容词的区别 [讲解详见本书第一部分P74 ] ►考向1　形容词词义辨析 分析近2年真题可知，形容词词义辨析均为语境辨析，主要在完形填空中考查。对于语境辨析类试题，考生首先要掌握各个选项的意思，再根据语境的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。 ►考向2　形容词短语辨析 (1) be＋adj.＋about be worried about 对……担忧 be crazy about 对……着迷 be curious about 对……好奇 be excited about 对……感到兴奋 be sorry about 对……感到/抱歉/遗憾/难过 be sure about 确信；对……有把握 = (2) be＋adj.＋at be good at 擅长…… be surprised at 对……感到惊奇 be angry at 对……生气(对事) be amazed at 对……感到惊讶 be annoyed/mad at 对……恼怒 (3) be＋adj.＋of be afraid of 害怕…… be full of 充满…… be proud of 为……感到自豪 be sure of 对……有把握 be tired of 对……感到厌倦 be fond of 喜欢…… (4) be＋adj.＋from be different from 与……不同 be absent from 缺席…… be free from 没有……，免受…… (5) be＋adj.＋for be famous/known/well­-known for 因……而著名 be late for 迟到 be thirsty for 渴望…… be good for 对……有好处 be/get ready for 为……做好准备 be suitable for 适合…… (6) be＋adj.＋in be interested in 对……感兴趣 be weak in 在……方面薄弱 be rich in 富于，盛产 be successful in 在……方面成功 be talented in 在……方面有天赋 (7) be＋adj.＋with be angry with 生……的气(对人) be born with 天生具有 be busy with 忙于 be careful with 小心 be familiar with 熟悉 be strict with 对……严格 be popular with 受……欢迎 be patient with 对……有耐心 be satisfied/pleased with 对……感到满意 be good with 善于应付……的；和……相处得好 (8) be＋adj.＋to be harmful to 对……有害 be similar to 与……相似 be close to 接近 be friendly/good/nice/kind to 对……友好 be polite to 对……有礼貌 be thankful to 对……心怀感激 be rude to 对……粗鲁 Ⅰ. 翻译句子 1．[2024铜仁碧江区三模]一个人应该严于律己，宽以待人。 A person should be ________ ______ himself but kind to others. 2．[2023贵州一模]春天是充满生机和希望的季节。 Spring is a season _______ _____________ life and hope. 3．最近，一些青少年表示他们渴望快乐。 These days，some teenagers say they are _________ _____ happiness. 针对练习 strict with full of filled with thirsty for 4．多喝水对你的健康有好处。 Drinking more water is ______ _____ your health. 5．跟外国朋友交流时，一定要小心肢体语言。 You must be _________ ______ body language when you communicate with foreign friends. 6．不要害怕犯错，否则你永远不会真正学会一门新的语言。 Don't be ________ ____ making mistakes，or you'll never really learn a new language. good for careful with afraid of 7．你要对和你意见不同的人有耐心。 You should be _________ ______ the people who disagree with you. 8．一旦作出承诺，你就必须认真对待它们。 Once you make promises，you have to be _________ _______ them. 9．你的想法和别人的不一样，这很正常。 It's very normal that your idea is ___________ ______ others'. 10．我总是很幸运能从朋友那里得到很多帮助。 I'm always ________ _______ to get a lot of help from my friends. patient with serious about different from so/very lucky 11．无论时光如何变迁，中华优秀传统文化值得分享。 No matter how time changes，the excellent traditional Chinese culture is _______ _________. 12．我们现在没有多少作业，而且我们的书包也没有过去那么重了。 We don't have much homework now and our schoolbags are not __ _______ as they used to be. 13．我们应该使用一些对环境友好的产品。 We should use some products that are __________ ____ the environment. worth sharing so heavy friendly to 14．易老师是一位好老师，她总是乐于帮助有困难的学生。 Miss Yi is a great teacher and she is always ____________ ____ help students in trouble. 15．每个人在某些方面都有天赋，我们应该尽力去发掘它。 Everyone is ______________ ___ something and we should try our best to discover it. ready/please to talented/gifted in Ⅱ. 完形填空 [2024甘肃兰州改编]Peng Jingxuan，a girl from Hunan，16 playing the guzheng near the Eiffel Tower in 2018. The 17 melodies(旋律) from her guzheng got tons of attention from listeners. ( 　) 16. A. was born with B．was famous for C．was good at (　 ) 17. A. different B．strange C．beautiful B C She has been playing the guzheng since she was 7 years old. She loves playing the guzheng，a(n) 18 musical instrument that dates back more than 2，500 years. She went to France for further study the year before 2018 and found that street performances in Paris were very 19 . She tried playing the guzheng on the streets and received a 20 welcome. (　 ) 18. A. common B．colorful C．ancient (　 ) 19. A. popular B．boring C．useful (　 ) 20. A. hard B．warm C．Deep C A B “I want to tell the Chinese stories well in my own way，” Peng Jingxuan said. “I played many 21 pieces on the streets. The more I played，the 22 I felt.” ( 　) 21. A. wonderful B．peaceful C．successful (　 ) 22. A. easier B．younger C．Prouder A C She carefully picked music，including 23 guzheng pieces and pop songs with Chinese elements. “My dream is to make more people be 24 in the guzheng，” she said. “Also，there are lots of 25 artists spreading traditional Chinese culture around the world.” (　 ) 23. A. exciting B．traditional C．surprising ( 　) 24. A. interested B．strict C．poor ( ) 25. A. excellent B．patient C．Friendly B A A 1．副词的基本用法 命题点 2 副词的基本用法及辨析[其他市、州：完形 填空：2023.42 ] 功能 位置 例句 作状语 多数副词放在动词之后 It's raining heavily now. ②动词若带宾语，则放在宾语之后 The girl listens to the teacher carefully. ③频度副词通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词、助动词和be动词之后 We can often see the girl read here. ④程度副词修饰形容词或副词，一般放在被修饰词前 I'm almost ready. 功能 位置 例句 作表语 主要限于少数状态或位置副词、时间副词以及其他副词 When will you be back？ 作定语 一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 Life here is full of joy. 作补足语 可作主语补足语或宾语补足语，说明主语和宾语所处的位置、状态、性质、特征等 He is too young to leave him at home alone.(作宾语补足语) 2. 常见副词的位置及分类 类型 典型词汇 用法 频度副词 always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，hardly，never等 置于行为动词之前或be动词、助动词及情态动词之后，表示动作发生的频率 方式副词 quickly，happily，loudly，suddenly，luckily，badly，easily，fast等 置于不及物动词之后或及物动词之前，表示动作的行为方式 类型 典型词汇 用法 程度副词 heavily，quite，enough，almost，hardly，rather，a lot，a little，so，too，much等 置于被修饰的形容词或副词前，表示动词、形容词或另一个副词的强度或程度 时间副词 now，then，today，tomorrow，yesterday，before，ago，just，soon，lately，ever，already，yet等 一般置于句尾，表示动作发生的时间，是确定句子时态的重要标志 地点 副词 outside，inside，upstairs，here，there，home，near，away，in，back，off，up，anywhere等 一般置于句尾，表示动作发生的地点或位置关系 【注意】enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置。如： The boy is old enough to go to school.(修饰形容词) Sara speaks English well enough to communicate with a British.(修饰副词) 类型 典型词汇 用法 疑问副词 (词组) when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等 置于特殊疑问句或宾语从句的句首，用于构成特殊疑问句 3．其他常考副词 anyway 无论如何 abroad 在国外 alone 独自 also 并且；也 besides 此外 especially 尤其；特别 finally 最后；最终 however 然而；不过 instead 代替；反而 once 一次；曾经 perhaps 可能；大概 probably 大概 【拓展】 (1) 有些以­ly结尾的单词是形容词，如： friendly，lonely，lovely，lively，ugly等 (2) 同形形容词和副词 ①词义相近的同形形容词和副词 形容词 副词 We had an early breakfast.(早的) We had breakfast early．(早地) We went by a fast train.(快的) Don't speak so fast．(快地) ②词义不同的同形形容词和副词 形容词 副词 I want a straight answer.(坦诚的) He went straight to Bijie.(直接地) I don't feel well today.(健康的) Our plans go well．(顺利地) It is as hard as a stone.(坚硬的) The test is so hard．(困难的) She studies hard．(努力地) He holds the paper hard．(用力地) (3) 有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词，但加了-ly之后意义相差很大，如： 4．副词词义辨析[其他市、州：完形填空：2023.42 ] 分析贵州近2年真题，副词词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查，且主要考查的是-ly副词词义辨析，偶尔涉及频度副词词义辨析。 Ⅰ. 方框选词 针对练习 A．somewhere B. everywhere C．either D．easily E．seldom F．never G．quite H ．almost I．often J．sometimes K．correctly 26．[2024四川乐山改编]We Chinese often shake hands when we meet visitors，and ____ we nod our heads. 27．[2024黑龙江牡丹江改编]Now you don't need to wait in line to buy tickets. You can simply book them online. It's ____ convenient. J G 28．Jerry ____ helps his parents cook dinner，clean the house and take out the rubbish. What a helpful boy he is! 29．My pet dog was lost. I looked for it ____，but I couldn't find it. 30．Tommy lives far away from his school. But he is ____ late for school. 31．To our surprise，the 4-year­old girl can spell all those words ____. 32．My family ____ eat out and we cook at home most of the time. A．somewhere B．everywhere C．either D．easily E．seldom F．never G．quite H．almost I．often J．sometimes K．correctly I B F K E 33．I'm sure I've seen her ____，but I can't remember the right place. 34．If Tom doesn't go to the party this Saturday，I won't，____. 35．I can ____ recognize her although we haven't seen each other for a long time. A．somewhere B．everywhere C．either D．easily E．seldom F．never G．quite H．almost I．often J．sometimes K．correctly A C D Ⅱ. 完形填空微语篇 During the past summer vacation，a 15-year-old boy caught people's eyes. He made a model plane 36 on his own in less than a month. The boy named Li Banghua is from Hefei，Anhui Province. He made the plane 37 by himself. According to a local report，Li just finished his high school entrance exam last year 38 . After the exam，he threw himself into the work of making the model plane. (　 ) 36. A. strongly B．successfully C．suddenly (　 ) 37. A. totally B．partly C．normally (　 ) 38. A. slowly B．secretly C．perfectly B A C Li has been interested in model planes since he was a child. He has 39 been studying how to build model planes for years. He came across many failures in building model planes. But he decided to keep on working more 40 and harder and never give up. When talking about his future，he said he 41 dreamed of becoming a plane engineer. In order to realize his dream，he will continue studying hard. (　 ) 39. A. seldom B．either C．already (　 ) 40. A. carefully B．highly C．kindly (　 ) 41. A. sadly B．truly C．naturally C A B 1．形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则 (1) 规则变化 命题点 3 形容词和副词的比较等级[其他市、州：翻译句子：2024.68 ] 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少 数双音节词 直接加­er，­est young younger youngest 以不发音e结尾的加­r，­st large larger largest 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少 数双音节词 以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est big fat hot bigger fatter hotter biggest fattest hottest 以“辅音字母加y”结尾，先变y为i，再加-er，-est happy easy healthy happier easier healthier happiest easiest healthiest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more，most careful clever more careful more clever most careful most clever (2) 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 2. 形容词、副词比较等级的用法 (1) 原级的用法 用法 例句 说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用原级 The flowers in the garden are beautiful. 被程度副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时用原级 She's very nice when you get to know her. as＋原级＋as Jack is as old as Kate. Tom runs as fast as Mike. not＋as/so＋原级＋as This room is not as/so big as that one. He doesn't walk as/so slowly as you. (2) 比较级的用法 用法 例句 “比较级＋than”，表示“比” My brother Bob is more hard­-working than me. “the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，表示“越……，越……” The more fruit you eat，the healthier you will be. “比较级＋and＋比较级”，表示“越来越……” Our city is becoming cleaner and cleaner. “the＋比较级＋of the two…”，表示“两者中比较……的一个” He is the more active of the two boys. 用法 例句 “Which/Who is/谓语动词＋比较级，A or B？”，表示“两者相比较，哪个/谁更……？” Which is nearer to the sun，the moon or the earth？ “比较级＋than any other＋可数名词单数” ＝“比较级＋than the other＋可数名词复 数”，表示“比任何一个人/物都……” (比较级形式表最高级含义) Li Gang is taller than any other student in his class.＝Li Gang is taller than the other students in his class. “A＋be/谓语动词＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A几倍于B” My apples are three times more than yours. 根据语境判断比较级 This pair of shoes is too big for me，so I want to change for a smaller one. 【拓展】比较级前一般可用much，a little，a lot，even，still，far，a bit等词来修饰。如： It is much warmer than yesterday. (3) 最高级的用法[其他市、州：翻译句子：2024.68] 用法 例句 “the＋最高级＋of/in＋比较范围”，表示“……是……中最……”(三者或三者以上的) This picture is the best of all in the box. “one of the＋最高级＋可数名词复数＋比较范围”，表示“……中最……之一” Qipao is one of the most traditional dresses in China. 用法 例句 “the＋序数词＋形容词最高级＋可数名词单数＋比较范围”，表示“A是……中第几 最……” She is the second tallest girl in our class. “Which/Who＋be＋the＋最高级，A，B or C？”，表示“三者比较，哪个/谁最……？” Who is the tallest in your class，Tom，Kate or Bill？ 否定词＋比较级(＋than)或can't/couldn't＋比较级(否定词有not，no，never，nothing等) Nobody could do the work better than he did. 根据语境判断最高级 There are four seasons in a year. The autumn is the best one. 【注意】 ① 形容词最高级前要加the，但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等时，不加the。 ② 副词最高级前的the可省略。 Ⅰ. 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 42．[2024江苏扬州]Though I failed a lot (many) times than I succeeded，I know how to fail well. 43．[2024内蒙古包头]When Helen won a prize in the English competition，she believed she was the__________(happy) girl in the world. 针对练习 more happiest 44．[2024内蒙古包头]Compared with the past，the community canteens(食堂) are providing people，both young and old，with _________(healthy) and cheaper dishes now. 45．[2024甘肃临夏]Qinghai Lake is _______(large) than any other salt lake in China. 46．Hainan is the second ________(big) island in China. It is in the south of China. 47．[2024四川遂宁改编]Qi Jiguang is one of the ________(great) national heroes in China. We will remember him forever. healthier larger biggest greatest 48．With the teacher's help，that little girl worked out the maths problem as _________(quick) as her deskmate did. 49．Mike works really hard. He always arrives at school ________(early) in his class. 50．Qinghai­Xizang Railway is the _________(high) railway above sea level in the world. 51．The farmers in our country are much ________(rich) than before. Many families have new houses and cars. quickly earliest highest richer Ⅱ. 翻译句子 52．[2024贵阳观山湖区二模]真正的好朋友总是能够帮助我们展现出最好的一面。 True friends can always help to bring out _____ ______ in us. 53．[2024黔东南州二模]为了进入梦想的高中，他学习比过去更努力了。 To get into his dream high school，he _________ ________ than he used to. 54．[2024江苏无锡改编]要更加小心！失之毫厘，差之千里。 Be ______ _________! A miss is as good as a mile. the best studies harder more careful 55．[2024甘肃临夏]越努力，越幸运！ The harder you work，_____ _________ you will be! 56．电动汽车正在变得更受欢迎，因为它们很环保。 Electric cars are becoming _____ because they are environmentally friendly. 57．长城是世界上最长的城墙。 The Great Wall is _____ _________ wall in the world. 58．看一本好书如同进行一场旅行一样令人心旷神怡。 Reading a good book is just ____ ___________ as going on a journey. the luckier more popular the longest as enjoyable 59．如今，人工智能技术的发展速度比我们想象的要快得多。 Today AI technology is developing ______ ________ than we can imagine. 60．在所有的外语中，英语是使用最广泛的语言。 Of all the foreign languages，English is the ______ _______ used. 61．经过更多的练习，我发现阅读非小说类书籍并不像我以前想的那么困难。 With more practice，I found reading non­fiction books was not so ___________ ____ I used to think. 62．我们受教育程度越高，对未来的担忧就越少。 The more educated we are，_____ _______worries we will have towards our future. much faster most widely difficult as the fewer Ⅲ. 语法填空 【选自外研八上Module 3 Unit 2】It is Saturday，but our school team is training hard as usual because we'll have a football match against another school next week. The practice starts at 10 a．m. We all arrive as early as we can so that we have time to warm up. We are training 63._______ (hard) than usual because the other team beat us last year. This year we want to do it better. harder It is 64._____________(difficult) to practice in winter than in the other seasons because the days are short and the weather is cold. It gets dark 65._______(early) than usual，so it is important not to be late for the practice. Our coach is pleased because we are playing 66.________(well) as a team now. Last year we were sometimes careless when we passed the ball and we lost to the other team in the final match. What a pity! This year we are training 67.________________(carefully) than before. That means we have a 68.________(good) chance of winning. more difficult earlier better more carefully better This year our club has 69.______(many) fans than before. I think with their support and our hard work，our team will become one of the 70.______ (good) school teams in the city. At the same time，we always believe that the more we train，the 71.________(great) progress we will make. Look forward to the match！ more best greater $$