2025年贵州中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题六介词

第二 部分 专题六　介 词 思维导图串考点 ►考向1 时间介词 [其他市、州：方框选词：2024.32；语法填空：2023.75] 核心考点精讲练 命题点 1 介词的基本用法 介词 用法 示例 on 用在具体的某一天前或特定某一天的上午/下午/晚上前 on June 1st on a cold winter morning 用在星期、节日前 on Saturday on Children's Day 介词 用法 示例 in 用在某个世纪、年份、月份、季节或泛指的上午、下午或晚上前 in the 1980s in 2022　in July in spring in the morning “in＋一段时间”表示在一段时间之后，用于将来时 in a few days at 用在具体的时刻或正午、黎明、黄昏、午夜前 at 8：00 at noon 用于年龄前 at the age of 15 介词 用法 示例 during 在……期间 during the summer holiday after 用于将来时，表示“……之后”，后接时间点 The room will be empty after seven o'clock. 用于过去时，表示“……之后”，后接以过去为起点的时间段 Uncle Tom graduated from his college after 3 years. before 表示“在……之前”，后接时间点 She must finish all the work before ten o'clock. since 后接表示过去的时间点，或表示过去时间点的时间状语从句，常用于现在完成时 Mr.Li has taught maths in this school since 2003. 介词 用法 示例 for 后接时间段，表示动作的延续，主句常用现在完成时或一般过去时 We haven't seen each other for years. until/till “到……时；直到……为止”，后接时间点，常用“not…until…”，表示“直到……才……” The boys didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock last night. by by＋时间点，表示“不迟于……” They had seen 4 English films by the end of last week. from 表示开始的时间 From now on，I will exercise every day. ►考向2　方位介词[其他市、州：方框选词：2023.34] 1．on，in，at与to 介词 含义及用法 示例 on 表示“在……(的表面)上” (即： ) on the desk on the wall 表示A地位于B地的外部且接壤(即： ) Hunan Province lies on the west of Jiangxi Province. (湖南省同江西省接壤) 介词 含义及用法 示例 in 表示“在(大地方)”、“在……内部”或“在……范围之内” (即： ) in China in the north in the box 表示A地属于B地(即： ) Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.(台湾是中国的一部分) at 表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近，旁边”(即： ) at the door at the airport at the station at Park Street 介词 含义及用法 示例 to 表示“到……” This road leads to London. 表示“在……范围之外”，即A、B两地不接壤(即： ) Japan lies to the east of China. (日本在中国的范围之外且和中国不接壤) 2. over，under，above 与 below 介词 含义及用法 例句 over “在……正上方”，表示两者不接触 We can build a bridge over the river. under “在……正下方”，表示两者不接触 My cat is lying under the chair. above “在……上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直 The plane is flyingabove the clouds. below “在……下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直 The coat reaches below the knees. 3. across，cross，through，over与past [讲解详见本册第一部分P18] 4．其他常见方位介词 介词 含义 例句 around 绕着 She put some flowers around her bed. 四处，在……周围 I went out and had a walk around. along 顺着；沿着…… They walked back along the riverside. outside 在……外面 The car was still outside the building. inside 在……里面 There was a telephone inside the office. behind 在……后面 Li Lei is behind the door. beside 在……旁边 Come and sit beside me. into 到……里面，进入 Come into the house. near 在……附近 My home is near the school. opposite 与……相对；在……对面 Their house is almost opposite ours. ►考向3　方式介词[其他市、州：语法填空：2024.77] 介词 用法 示例 by by＋表示交通工具的单数名词，且名词前不加任何修饰词 by plane by bus by subway “by＋名词/动名词”表示凭借某种工具或手段 by hand by selling flowers in in＋封闭的交通工具，且名词前有限定词 Alan goes to work in his sister's car. in＋某种材料/语言/声音等 in English 介词 用法 示例 on on＋开放型或大型交通工具，且名词前有限定词；固定搭配除外，如：on foot My father goes to work on a bus every morning. 表示通过网络、电话、收音机、电视等 They talked on the phone and made a deal. with 表示“用；以；借助于”，其后常接具体的工具 I wrote the letter with a pen. ►考向4　其他介词 介词 含义及用法 例句 about 关于(某人或某事) At the museum，I learned a lot about robots. 大约；此处当副词讲，后接数词 There are about six books in my bag. across 在……对面 There is a big park across from the supermarket. 在……各处；遍及 across the world 介词 含义及用法 例句 against 反对，违反；倚，靠 No shouting，please！It's against the rules. 与……比赛 I am in our school team and we are going to play against another school next week. as 作为；以……身份 She works as a teacher. 像，如同，跟……一样 He speaks English as an Englishman. except 除了……之外(没有)，不包括后面所提到的人或物 Everyone is very happy except Tina. 介词 含义及用法 例句 for 因为，由于 Thank you for helping me. 为了(表目的) What can I do for you？ 给(对象、用途等) I'm writing a poem for Grandma. 赞成(常与系动词be连用) I think you'll be for my opinion. like 相似，类似，像 She was like a princess in a fairy tale. 例如，比如 Jane likes many sports，like running and swimming. 像……一样 Let me talk to you like a teacher. 介词 含义及用法 例句 through 通过；以，凭借；贯穿；自始至终 Go through this gate，and you'll see the house on your left. You can only achieve success through hard work. under 低于，少于，在……以下(表示数量、年龄等) Children under 5 can travel half price. 介词 含义及用法 例句 with 和……在一起，和，同 She came to school with her classmates. 有，具有 There is a girl with a red hat under the tree. 随着，由于 With the development of society，people pay more attention to their health. without 没有，缺乏 He found the place without any difficulty. 不和……在一起；无……相伴 Don't go without your parents！ 不(做某事)，无 He left without saying anything. 介词 含义及用法 例句 besides “除……之外，还有……” Besides Beijing，I have been to Shanghai. among 在……之间(三者及三者以上) The woman who is standing among the students is Lily's mother. between 在……之间(两者)；常用词组：between…and… I will be back between five and six. towards 朝；向；对着 She stood up and walked towards him. Ⅰ. 用恰当的介词填空 1．[2024福建改编]A special festival was held ____ September 23rd last year to honor the hard work of Chinese farmers. 2．[2024江苏扬州改编]The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ____ Yangzhou. 3．[2024四川遂宁改编]Last weekend，all of us went for a picnic ________ Tom because he was ill. 针对练习 on in except 4．Electronic products are becoming more and more popular in China _____ many reasons. 5．We will go on a school trip ____ three weeks. I can't wait! 6．Jenny will stay in Beijing _____ another two days. So we can't find her at school. 7．Please bring Mr. Green to the welcome party _________ telling him so that he can be surprised. 8．Fumin Road is wider than before and the lights _______ it brighten our way home at night. for in for without along 9．Thousands of visitors come to Guiyang for their trips ___ summer every year. 10．The students lay some beautiful flowers ______ the teacher's desk on this special day. 11．The Dragon Boat Festival usually falls ______ June，and it is on June 10th this year. 12．China has given the China Youth May Fourth Medal to outstanding(杰出的) young people and groups _______ 1997. This year，30 people and 20 groups win the medal. in on in since 13．I think you'd better stand _______ the big tree，or you'll get sunburned. 14．We should express our different ideas ____ a friendly way. 15．Shenzhou-18 was sent up into space ____ the morning of April 25th，2024. 16．Lucy told me she learned English ____ working with a group in the past. 17．_______ the help of the robot，my mother sleeps much longer every morning. 18．The bridge ____________ the river，not far away from here，is called Zhongshan Bridge. under in on by With across/over 19．Keep trying _______ the last moment of the competition，boys and girls! 20．The teacher stood ________ David and told him how to solve the math problem patiently. until beside Ⅱ. 方框选词 Last Saturday，I went to a coffee shop to meet a friend of mine. I got there ten minutes earlier. A. to B．About　C．at　D．without E．by　 F．until　G．on H．Among　I．across So I ordered a cup of coffee and sat 21.____ the window，watching people. There were some boys playing football 22.____ the street and a small boy was running 23.____ the road. Suddenly，there came a car. It was going very fast and hit the boy. The small boy was lying on the street 24.____ moving. To everyone's surprise，the car didn't stop. It drove away quickly. A. to B．About　C．at　D．without E．by　 F．until G．on　H．Among　I．across E G I D People ran to the boy and he was sent 25.____ the hospital as soon as possible. At 6：30 p．m.，the police arrived and started questioning people. 26.____ half an hour later，they asked me to go to the police station because I saw everything. I gave them all the information I knew because I really wanted them to catch the driver. I didn't leave the police station 27. ____ 8：00 p．m. The next day，the boy's parents called me up to say thanks. They also told me their boy was fine and the driver was 28.____ the police station. A. to B．About　C．at　D．without E．by　 F．until　G．on　H．Among　I．across A B F C Ⅲ. 语法填空微语篇 In ancient China，there was a man named Zengzi. His teacher was Confucius. He learned a lot 29.______ Confucius at school. One Sunday morning，Zengzi's wife wanted to go to the market to buy something. Her son also wanted to go 30.______ her. To make him stay at home，she said，“Son，stay at home and I will kill a pig to make a big meal 31._____ you after I come back.” 32.________ hearing the words，the child agreed to stay at home. When his wife got home，Zengzi began to catch the only pig 33.____ once. But his wife stopped him and asked，“Why do you want to catch the pig？” from with for After at Zengzi answered，“Because I heard the talk 34._________ you and our son this morning. You had better keep your word. If you don't kill the pig，our child will not believe you later.” Then his wife helped him kill the pig. The child jumped up and down happily. They had a nice dinner that evening. When Confucius knew Zengzi killed a pig for his son，Confucius spoke highly 35.____ him. It is very important to keep your word 36.____ Chinese culture. If you fail to keep your word，people will not trust you later. between of in ►考向1　介词＋名词 (1) at 短语 at home 在家 at work 在工作中 at night 在晚上 at present 目前；现在 at the same time 同时 at the moment 在此刻 at least 至少 at breakfast 早餐时 命题点 2 介词短语及固定搭配 (2) in 短语 in a hurry 匆忙 in order to 以便，为了 in agreement 达成一致 in need 处于危难中 in person 亲自 in return 作为回报 in hospital 住院 in the end 最后 in order 井井有条，按顺序 in time 及时 in fact 事实上 in danger 处于危险中 in one's way 挡住某人的路 in some ways 在某种程度上 in the beginning 开始；起初；在开始的时候 (3) on 短语 on fire 着火 on the way 在路上 on Sunday 在星期天 on business 出差 on duty 值日 on foot 步行 on time 准时 on holiday 在休假 on the other hand 另一方面 on sale 在出售；减价出售 on one's way to… 在某人去……的路上 (4) by 短语 by the way 顺便说一下 by accident 偶然地 by hand 手工 by oneself 独自 by the time 到……的时候 by mistake 错误地 ►考向2　其他常见介词相关搭配 after a while 过了一会儿 after all 毕竟 after breakfast 早饭后 according to 根据 as usual 像往常一样 be away from 远离 because of 因为 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 失控 such as 例如 with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下 ►考向3　介词与形容词的搭配 [介词与形容词的搭配详见本书第二部分P103“专题三 形容词和副词”中的“考向2 形容词短语辨析”] 37．[2024四川宜宾改编]孩子们应该花更多的时间锻炼而不是玩手机。 Kids should spend more time exercising ___ playing with mobile phones. 38．[2024重庆]他更喜欢走路上学，因为那是好的锻炼方式。 He prefers to go to school____ ______because it's good exercise. 39．没有一个人的成功是偶然的。 No one will be successful ____ _______________. 针对练习 instead of on foot by accident/chance 40．患难见真情。 A friend ____ ______ is a friend indeed. 41．如果你用心对待别人，你会得到友谊作为回报。 If you treat others with your heart，you will get friendship ____ ________. 42．青少年每天至少要进行60分钟的户外活动来保护他们的眼睛。 Teenagers need to take up ____ _____ 60-minute outdoor activities every day to protect their eyes. 43．他爸爸告诉他在公众场合要多注意言行。 His father told him to pay more attention to his words and behavior ____ ________. in need in return at least in public 44．学习一项新技能起初可能很难，但熟能生巧。 It may be hard to learn a new skill ____ _______，but practice makes perfect. 45．我喜欢亲自去一个城市体验当地的文化。 I like to go to a city and experience the local culture ____ ________. 46．政府采取了很多措施保护濒危野生动物。 The government has taken many measures to protect wild animals __ ________. at first in person in danger $$