2025年贵州中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题八句子的种类和简单句

第二 部分 专题八　 句子的种类和简单句 思维导图串考点 [其他市、州：翻译句子：每年1道] 核心考点精讲练 【知识必备】六大基本句型 句型一：主语＋谓语(不及物动词) 句型三：主语＋系动词＋表语 句型五：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语 1．陈述句的肯定形式 (略) 2．陈述句的否定形式 (1) 主语＋be动词＋not＋其他。 (2) 主语＋情态动词/助动词＋not＋动词原形＋其他。 (3)可以用no，never，hardly，seldom，few，little，nobody，neither…nor…，none，nothing等词构成否定句。 (4)“too…to…”本身具有否定的含义。如： He is too young to go to school. 命题点 1 陈述句 1．一般疑问句 概念：用yes或no回答的疑问句 命题点 2 疑问句 句式结构 例句 Be＋主语＋其他？ —Are these your books? —No，they aren't. 情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？ —Must we keep quiet in the classroom? —Yes，you must. No shouting in the classroom. 助动词＋主语＋动词原形＋ 其他？ —Do you like doing sports in your free time? —Yes，I do. 2. 特殊疑问句 结构：特殊疑问词(词组)＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他？ 特殊疑问词 含义及用法 常用答语 what “什么”，询问身份、职业、观点、看法等 具体内容、职业等 why “为什么”，询问原因 多用Because… 回答 where “哪里”，询问地点、位置 表示地点的名词、介词短语 which “哪一个”，询问特定的人或物 具体内容或在已给出的选项中进行选择 特殊疑问词 含义及用法 常用答语 how “如何，怎样”，询问方式、 感受 表示方式的短语或表示感受的形容词 who/whom “谁”，询问身份 人物姓名或身份 when “什么时候”，询问时间 表示时间的名词或介词短语 whose “谁的”，询问所有物的 归属 名词所有格或名词性物主代词 【拓展】 (1) 特殊疑问句既可以使用完整答语(其中名词常用代词代替)，也可以只回答提问部分。如： Where is my schoolbag？(既可回答It's under the chair.也可回答Under the chair.) (2) 疑问词作主语时，一般来说，不知道主语是单数还是复数时，可将主语看作单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，整句用陈述句语序。如： Who helps you solve the problems when you are in trouble? 3．how 词组 疑问词组 含义及用法 常用答语 how long “多长”，询问物体的长度 基数词＋单位名词＋long “多久”，询问时间的长短 for＋时间段/since＋过去时间点或从句 how soon “多久以后”，询问某个动作要多长时间发生或结束 in＋一段时间 how many “多少”，询问可数名词的数量 基数词(＋单位名词＋of＋可数名词复数) 疑问词组 含义及用法 常用答语 how much “多少”，询问不可数名词的量 基数词(＋单位名词) “多少钱”，询问价格 how far “多远”，询问距离 基数词(＋单位名词)/It's ＋一段时间＋'s… how often “多久一次”，询问频率 once a week等表示频度的短语或every day等时间状语 4. 选择疑问句 对问题给出两个或两个以上选项，供对方选择其一的疑问句称为选择疑问句。 【注意】选择疑问句不用yes或no回答，只要根据实际情况回答即可。 句式结构 例句 一般疑问句＋or＋另一选项？ Are you a nurse or a doctor？ 特殊疑问句，A or B？ Which season do you like better，summer or winter？ 1．祈使句的基本句型 命题点 3 祈使句 形式 结构 例句 肯定形式 (Please＋)动词原形(＋其他) Turn left. Be＋表语(＋其他) Be careful. Let＋宾语＋动词原形(＋其他) Let's make a toy plane. 形式 结构 例句 否定形式 Don't＋动词原形(＋其他) Don't read in the sun. Don't be＋表语(＋其他) Don't be late. Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形 (＋其他) Let John not go out alone. No＋名词/动名词 No photos! No smoking！ Never＋动词原形＋其他 Never forget your dreams. 2. 祈使句的用法 (1) 祈使句的应答语 回答祈使句时要用一般将来时。如： —Please remember to take the dog out for a walk every day. —Yes，I will. (2)“祈使句＋and/or＋表示结果的分句”结构，如： Study hard，and you'll succeed sooner or later. 命题点 4 感叹句[其他市、州：翻译句子：2023.68] 引导词 句式结构 例句 What What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语＋其他)！ What a good time we had at the party last night! What＋形容词＋可数名词复数/不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ —Listen! Someone is playing the piano. —Wow! What nice music! How How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语)！ How exciting the news is! How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数(＋其他)！ How beautiful a dress! How＋主语＋谓语！ How time flies！ ◆当感叹句的中心词为名词时，多用What/What a(an)引导 ◆当感叹句的中心词为形容词或副词时，多用How来引导 如 何 判 定 引 导 词 ►考向1　There be句型(存现句)[其他市、州：翻译句子：2024.71] 1．结构 There be(is，are，was，were)＋主语＋地点/时间状语。表示“某处/某时有(存在)……”。其中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致，具体情况如下： 命题点 5 There be句型(存现句)与主谓一致[其他市、州：翻译句子：2024.71] 用法 例句 主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，be动词用is或was There is a basketball in the box. There was a robot show in our school yesterday. 主语是可数名词复数时，be动词用are或were There are many birds in the tree. There were many people in the street yesterday. 2. 否定和疑问句式 ①否定句：在be动词后加not或用no表示。如： There isn't an orange in her bag.＝There is no orange in her bag. ②疑问句：将be动词提至there前，句号变问号。如： There is an apple on the tree.→Is there an apple on the tree? 3．There be句型的时态 时态 句式结构 例句 一般现在时 There is/are… There is a cat on the chair. 一般将来时 There will be…或There is/are going to be… There will/is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 一般过去时 There was/were/used to be… There were many flowers in my garden last year. 现在完成时 There have/has been… There have been great changes in my hometown. 含情态动词 There＋情态动词＋be… There may be a rainstorm tomorrow. ►考向2　主谓一致 主谓一致，即谓语动词必须和主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致，这种一致常由三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1．语法一致：即谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 主语 谓语 例句 名词单数、不可数名词或代词单数 单数 Water is important to everyone. 动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 What he said is very meaningful. something，someone，everything，anybody，nothing，each，no one，either，neither等不定代词 Each student has an English dictionary in our class. one of＋名词复数 One of the books is boring. the number of＋名词复数 The number of the students in this school is about 2，000. 主语 谓语 例句 a number of＋名词复数 复数 A number of books were given to the poor students. and和both…and… 连接并列主语 Both Peter and his sister are from Canada. 由cup，bottle，pair等计量名词修饰的名词 由计量单位名词的单复数形式决定 Three pairs of shoes are made by my grandmother every day. none/neither/either of后面跟可数名词的复数形式或代词复数 单数、复数都可以 None of those magazines sell/sells well. 主语 谓语 例句 主语后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，including 等 取决于主语的数 The mother together with her three sons was very happy. 分数/百分数＋of＋名词 取决于名词的数 60% of the students in our class are girls. a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of ＋名词 取决于名词的数 A lot of people are in the classroom. 2. 意义一致：即谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数)。 主语 谓语 例句 集体名词(如：family/class/ team/group/public等) 取决于主语的意义 My family is a small one. (表示整体) My family all like classical music. (表示家庭成员) 主语 谓语 例句 集合名词(如：people/police/cattle等) 复数 The police are looking for the thief. the＋姓氏名词复数，表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇” The Greens are going to have a party. the＋形容词表示一类人 The rich are not always happy. 表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语 单数 Two hours is enough for you to finish your homework. and连接并列主语，表示同一个人或物时(即and后面无冠词) The famous writer and teacher is going to give a speech in our school. many a/an＋名词单数或 more than one＋名词 单数 More than one student has read the novel in my class. 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词的数与距其最近的主语保持一致。 用法 例句 either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…，not…but…等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数要由离谓语动词最近的主语来确定 Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television. Either I or he is right. 在There be句型(存现句)中，谓语动词与距其最近的主语在数上保持一致 There are two trees and a horse behind the house. Ⅰ. 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．[2024四川乐山改编]Today，many young Chinese people ______(have) a big dream and are serving the country in many ways. 2．Neither she nor I ____(be) from Canada. We are from the USA. 3．Three years ____________(pass) and we've made so many friends during our junior high school. 4．Not only I but also Kylie ____(be) good at playing the violin. 针对练习 am have has passed is 5．There ____(be) some important information on the notice board. 6．Half of the students _____(be) doing their homework in the classroom. 7．There____(be) a bank and some shops on Main Street. 8．Lucy with her classmates _____________(wait) for the bus when the earthquake happened. 9．The new pair of glasses _____(make) me see the words on the blackboard clearly. 10．There ______(be) a chance for parents to look around the school after the parents' meeting tomorrow. is are is was waiting makes will be 11．Either she or Andy____(be) going to visit Uncle Li tomorrow. 12．I together with my friend Jack ____(be) going to the science museum next Sunday. 13．My family often ____(go) somewhere interesting during weekends. 14．Lily as well as her family ________(climb) the green mountain nearby at this time every year. 15．Everyone including Tony and Jack ____(be) going to take part in the basketball match. is am go climbs is 16．Nobody except the local people _______(know) if there will be rain tomorrow. If it rains，we will stay inside and play cards together. 17．The number of visitors to the museum every day ___ (be) more than 5，000. 18．There ______(be) a lot of old houses near here twenty years ago. 19．The two museums both _________(open) to the public from 9：00 am to 5：00 pm. knows is were open Ⅱ. 方框选词 20．[2024江苏无锡改编]____ is the girl wearing a scarf? Is she your sister? 21．[2024黑龙江绥化改编]—___ do many farmers put their products online these days? —To sell them more easily. 22．—____ kind of exercise do you prefer，exercising indoors or outdoors? —Exercising outdoors. I'd like to run in the park. A. When　B. How　C. Why　D. What　E. Who E C D 23．____ lucky we are to have such wonderful friends! 24．____ did Columbus discover the American Continent，do you know? A. When　B. How　C. Why　D. What　E. Who B A Ⅲ. 翻译句子 25．[2024贵州省一模]贾玲导演的电影《热辣滚烫》是多么激动人心啊！ ______ __________ the film YOLO directed by Jia Ling is! 26．[2024贵阳南明二模]贵州拥有很多自然景观，以“多彩贵州”而闻名。 _______ _____ lots of nature sights in Guizhou and it's known as “colorful Guizhou”． 27．[2024贵阳观山湖区二模]学生们在英语课堂上做笔记多么认真啊！ ______ ___________ the students are taking notes in English class! How exciting There are How carefully 28．[2024遵义红花岗三模]这些花多美啊！贵州的春天真的太迷人了。 _______ __________ flowers they are! Spring in Guizhou is really amazing. 29．[2024江苏无锡改编]保持冷静，坚持下去。还有很长的路要走。 _______ ______ and carry on. There's still a long way to go. 30．[2024四川广安改编]在公共场合讲英语不要害羞。 _______ ____ shy when you speak English in public. 31．[2024甘肃临夏改编]我们一家在莫高窟的经历是多么美妙啊！ _______ ___ wonderful experience our family had in the Mogao Caves! What beautiful Keep calm Don't be What a 32．你有听说过青少年机器人竞赛吗？ _______ _____ ever heard of robotic competitions for teenagers? 33．野生动物没有足够的干净的水，所以我们必须做点什么来改变现状。 _______ ______ enough clean water for the animals in the wild，so we have to do something to change the situation. 34．听，肯定有人在敲门。 Listen! There ______ ____ someone knocking at the door. 35．那些中国航天员在中国空间站待了多久？ ______ ______ have those Chinese astronauts stayed in the Chinese space station? Have you There isn't must be How long 36．我认为青少年不应该被允许打耳洞。 I _______ _______ teenagers should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 37．小心开水，不然你会受伤。 ____ ________ with the boiling water，or you will get hurt. 38．这个周末去看话剧 《北京人》怎么样？我喜欢这个故事。 ____________ _______ watching the play Beijing People this weekend? I like this story. 39．让我们采取行动来使我们的城市变得更加美好吧！ ________ ______ action to make our city more beautiful! don't think Be careful How/What about Let's take Ⅳ. 语法填空微语篇 Every spring，Seville，the Spanish city，produces oranges. There 40._____(be) about 50，000 orange trees lining its streets. In the past，a small part of the oranges were made into jam(果酱). Most of them ended up becoming rubbish. So eating them and throwing them away 41.______(be) the main ways to deal with them. Then the government took action. One of the most useful ways 42.____(be) changing these oranges into electricity. are were is 43.______ does it work? Machines press the oranges and 44._______(change) the air produced by juice into electricity. The project will start with 35 tons of oranges. Each ton of the fruit can produce 50 kW·h of electricity，which is enough to power five homes a day. 45.______ great power it is! All Seville's oranges can create enough electricity to power 73，000 homes. How change What $$